treatments-xml/data/03/CF/87/03CF879C2C4C091AFF1DF9D7FE1E73A8.xml

<document id="BFFEF565611D6F2373A761BC9034D5F7" ID-CLB-Dataset="53396" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5295.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="82286fdc-a858-447c-9980-da2e8985d19c" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7965273" ID-ZooBank="F3A52660-70B8-439F-A7A0-F45ADC975EA5" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="juliana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1684911485919" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Sacchetti, Claudia, Landau, Bernard &amp; Ávila, Sérgio P." docDate="2023" docId="03CF879C2C4C091AFF1DF9D7FE1E73A8" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5295.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5295 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5295.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Scaphander lignarius" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="96" masterDocId="FFF6FFE42C120945FF8AFFE1FFBA747E" masterDocTitle="The Lower Pliocene marine gastropods of Santa Maria Island, Azores: Taxonomy and palaeobiogeographic implications" masterLastPageNumber="150" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="95" updateTime="1699508778757" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="91750DBDCC9509225A7A0B8D74FF307E" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="D564755046ECF3670D0AFCECF057009F">
<mods:title id="AC1AE700502DD6A8A0ADE8C91118F2E7">The Lower Pliocene marine gastropods of Santa Maria Island, Azores: Taxonomy and palaeobiogeographic implications</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="5D76DB6EFA86206668211C42C1FC1612" type="personal">
<mods:role id="7BDF9218EB0D42C88E2A51563A86D34C">
<mods:roleTerm id="509F73E3CA7B25E757E4FCF40C78F0CC">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="3AF72C3B25F2FE31CA54ED1C7CE12318">Sacchetti, Claudia</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="D1679F16F022C6C4B8B6290CCC563069" type="ORCID">0000-0002-3225-3139</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="42E19379CB5BD1F9937B8AB14DF6D112" type="email">claudiasacc@icloud.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="ABFE835605603D87AA1E75DEB13246E4" type="personal">
<mods:role id="D26382E2B6119AD4F41E66F7AE891CD8">
<mods:roleTerm id="FEE29ABDC235C783DFDCD0175BA89F96">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="7D1F417C9BFDC540181BE0DBC7A36693">Landau, Bernard</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="9DA9DA7D7B135B58AB6A625D243BB4DF" type="ORCID">0000-0002-7768-8494</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="F5D841146E3B6FA882BAC613AD5C8FDD" type="email">bernardmlandau@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="FEF1707118F04FED9ED9E380B4492984" type="personal">
<mods:role id="244B49DA2770977926A4A606B02DA2DA">
<mods:roleTerm id="C679540A8425F8E2EA1A1943F9FA3AC9">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="B7BF0FDC216AF62BA0B6D7B8E5C9B489">Ávila, Sérgio P.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="3C52278EBB097D72D3A4DCB8403A2035" type="ORCID">0000-0002-3225-3139</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="A7254F474AFE733D16C11FD2D2703745" type="email">claudiasacc@icloud.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="424026A70D556ECCED822D3273B42E0F">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="4FEFCC8AD72E502B7B2323BB5BD4327B" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="983A1F503549E2DBE7C51EC4DDD2CF90">
<mods:title id="247CD5463E92734D365116C66E741493">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="810AB20B479B18882157B15EDEC0ADC5">
<mods:date id="1B321F0FAC0376B477364E75FE861411">2023</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="18195674B321EA6B5837DD746F749829" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="4F3421092D8B5FF8AB85AACC4D5F54E7">2023-05-24</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="E95BE11DC94494F71A14634174BA03F2" type="volume">
<mods:number id="83C44554429E25F8E0E7FFBD9C6146F9">5295</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="9C5B87CE88389510D64F299B2C40370D" type="issue">
<mods:number id="7B428F49A08D698C1009ECA8B66BF2D9">1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="C375A1069FF9A41CB25D39593CB173D8" unit="page">
<mods:start id="52D69396464506359299CEE6F8D129B6">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="20299BE4EB0316888195A24E31C5BA87">150</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location id="53B6DF1F38515FB7451DBC76C4D4CD7D">
<mods:url id="ED9BED50D3DA21BD815BD6DE6D60F541">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5295.1.1</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="EB1329C07E1D91A815B6B3B2829FA62E">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="022EEF886050CE8EBAB04B1BD6B2A3F1" type="CLB-Dataset">53396</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="B9B3F1DD397CE5F900BE6D1F9ECB796A" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5295.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="D94DF0FBDB8D9D152A276481D0585CC7" type="GBIF-Dataset">82286fdc-a858-447c-9980-da2e8985d19c</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="EC1D5DC5F17C376DBC557C512B61592F" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="D653EF7357DF1F050F4007413E88B678" type="Zenodo-Dep">7965273</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="4C7B7FEC696D250993C6ACDA0D685ECA" type="ZooBank">F3A52660-70B8-439F-A7A0-F45ADC975EA5</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03CF879C2C4C091AFF1DF9D7FE1E73A8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7976037" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209633097" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7976037" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CF879C2C4C091AFF1DF9D7FE1E73A8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CF879C2C4C091AFF1DF9D7FE1E73A8" lastPageId="95" lastPageNumber="96" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
<subSubSection id="C37C65012C4C091BFF1DF9D7FDE5722E" box="[151,607,1590,1617]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C4C091BFF1DF9D7FDE5722E" blockId="94.[151,607,1590,1659]" box="[151,607,1590,1617]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
<heading id="D09181E62C4C091BFF1DF9D7FDE5722E" bold="true" box="[151,607,1590,1617]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" reason="3">
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C4C091BFF1DF9D7FDE5722E" ID-CoL="79RYW" ID-ENA="2853813" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[151,607,1590,1617]" class="Gastropoda" family="Scaphandridae" genus="Scaphander" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lignarius">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C4C091BFF1DF9D7FDE5722E" bold="true" box="[151,607,1590,1617]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C4C091BFF1DF9D7FE2B722F" bold="true" box="[151,401,1590,1617]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Scaphander lignarius</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C4C091BFE15F9D7FDED722E" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[415,599,1590,1616]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" refId="ref112867" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. 1. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 824 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542" type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37C65012C4C091BFF1DF9BAFEA07205" box="[151,282,1627,1659]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C4C091BFF1DF9BAFEA07205" blockId="94.[151,607,1590,1659]" box="[151,282,1627,1659]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
<figureCitation id="135D2A0F2C4C091BFF1DF9BAFF4C720B" box="[151,246,1627,1653]" captionStart="PLATE 6" captionStartId="148.[151,234,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[203,1385,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-24@148.[203,1385,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="148" captionText="PLATE 6. A1-A2. Conus s.l. sp. A, DBUA-F 1292-1, height 19.0 mm, diameter 13.0 mm, Ponta dos Frades. B. Tomellana sp., height 25.0 mm (apical fragment), Ponta do Norte lighthouse, LNEG collection (unnumbered). C, D. Crassopleura maravignae (Bivona, 1838), height 12.0 mm, width 4.5 mm, Pinheiros (figure C taken from Bronn in Reiss, pl. 1, fig. 9 and figure D taken from Mayer, 1864, pl. 6, fig. 50). E1-E2. Psilaxis simplex (Bronn, 1831), DBUA-F 828-3 height 1.5 mm, width 4.5 mm, Ponta dos Frades. F. Mathilda quadricarinata (Brocchi, 1814), DBUA-F 1023-2, height 1.9 mm, width 1.1 mm, Ponta do Castelo. G1-G2. Acteon semistriatus (Férussac, 1822), DBUA-F 191-9, height 7.3 mm width 3.9 mm, Malbusca. H1-H2. Cylichna sp., DBUA-F 1034-1, height 10.0 mm, width 5.0 mm, Macela viewpoint. I1-I3. Roxania utriculus (Brocchi, 1814), DBUA-F 1027-2, height 8.2 mm, width 4.5 mm, Malbusca II. J1-J2. Scaphander lignarius (Linnaeus, 1758), height 27.0 mm, width 15.5 mm, unknown locality, LNEG collection (unnumbered). K1-K2. Pyrgostylus cf. abreui (Peñas &amp; Rolán, 2000), DBUA-F 471-2, height 6.0 mm, width 3.0 mm, Ponta do Castelo. L1-L3. Clathrella clathrata (Philippi, 1844), DBUA-F 471-1, height 6.0 mm, width 7.0 mm, Ponta do Castelo. M, N. Ranella bicoronata Bronn, 1862 species inquirenda, height 19.0 mm, width 15.0 mm, Pinheiros (figure M taken from Bronn in Reiss, 1862, pl. 1, fig. 8 and figure N taken from Mayer, 1864, pl. 7, fig. 53)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7965301" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7965301/files/figure.png" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Plate 6 J</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="135D2A0F2C4C091BFF7CF98CFEA8720B" box="[246,274,1627,1659]" captionStart="PLATE 1" captionStartId="138.[151,234,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[203,1385,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-24@138.[203,1385,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="138" captionText="PLATE 1. A. Danilia pterostomus (Bronn, 1861), height 5.0 mm, width 4.0 mm, Forno da Cré (figure taken from Bronn in Hartung, 1861, pl. 19, fig. 2). B1-B2. Emarginula octaviana Coen, 1939, DBUA-F 487-1, height 1.8 mm, diameter 3.0 mm, Ponta do Castelo. C. Bolma cf. rugosa (Linné, 1767), DBUA-F 471-3, diameter 4.1 mm, Ponta do Castelo. D1-D5. Turbo hartungi Bronn 1861, DBUA-F 1295-1, height 9.0 mm, width 8.0 mm, Malbusca (east cave). E1-E3. Nerita cf. funata Dujardin, 1837, DBUA-F 917-1, height 4.0 mm, width 6.0 mm, Ponta do Castelo. F1-F2. Thericium crenulosum (Bronn, 1862), height 10.0 mm, width 6.0 mm, Ponta do Norte lighthouse, LNEG collection (unnumbered). G1-G2. Thericium hartungi (Mayer, 1862), height 29.0 mm, width 13.0 mm, Pinheiros (figure taken from Bronn in Reiss, 1862, pl. 1, fig. 11). H1-H2. Thericium incultum (Mayer, 1862), DBUA-F 1034-2, height 23.0 mm, width 10.0 mm, Macela viewpoint. I1-I2. Thericium incultum (Mayer, 1862), DBUA-F 1027-1, height 29.0 mm, width 11.0 mm, Malbusca II. J1-J2, K1-K2. Bittium miradouroense nov. sp., Holotype DBUAF 1034-5, height 6.8 mm, width 1.9 mm (J); Paratype DBUA-F 1034-6(1), height 5.3 mm, width 1.9 mm (K), Macela viewpoint. L1-L2, M1-M2. Bittium nov. sp., DBUA-F 488-2, height 4.5 mm, width 1.8 mm (L), height 4.2 mm, width 1.7 mm (M), Ponta do Castelo." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7965287" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7965287/files/figure.png" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
<subScript id="17E234CF2C4C091BFF7CF98CFF447205" attach="left" box="[246,254,1645,1659]" fontSize="6" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">1</subScript>
-J
</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="135D2A0F2C4C091BFE98F98CFEA07205" box="[274,282,1645,1659]" captionStart="PLATE 2" captionStartId="140.[151,234,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[203,1385,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-24@140.[203,1385,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="140" captionText="PLATE 2. A1-A2. Bittium nanum (Mayer, 1864), DBUA-F 1296-2, height 4.9 mm, width 2.0 mm, Malbusca. B. Tenagodus (Tenagodus) obtusus (Schumacher, 1817), DBUA-F 1283-2, height 12.0 mm, width 11.0 mm, Ponta do Castelo. C. Epitonium sp., DBUA-F 931-1, height 4.0 mm, width 2.8 mm, Pedra-que-pica. D1-D3. Janthina krejcii, SMF10135a, height 25.0 mm, diameter 32.0 mm, Macela viewpoint (pictures from Beu, 2017, fig. 26). E1-E3. Janthina typica (Bronn, 1861), DBUA-F-428, height 19.0 mm, diameter 21.0 mm, Ponta do Castelo, (pictures from Beu, 2017, fig. 25). F.Cheilea equestris (Linnaeus, 1758), DBUA-F 1283-1, diameter 30.0 mm, Ponta do Castelo. G1-G3. Hipponix sulcatus (Borson, 1820), DBUA-F 937-1, height 5.3 mm, diameter 14.0 mm, Ponta do Castelo. H1-H2. Euspira atlantica (Mayer, 1862), height 16.0 mm, diameter 19.0 mm, Ponta do Norte lighthouse, LNEG collection (unnumbered). I. Triphorid s.l., DBUA-F 471-5, height 3.2 mm, width 1.3 mm, Ponta do Castelo. J1-J2. Cerithiopsis cf. tubercularis (Montagu, 1803), DBUA-F 1023-1, height 3.0 mm, width 1.2 mm, Ponta do Castelo. K. Petaloconchus intortus (Lamarck, 1818), DBUA-F 946-2, height 13.0 mm, width 6.0 mm, Ponta dos Cedros. L. Thylacodes arenarius (Linnaeus, 1758), DBUA-F 869-1, height 33.0 mm, width 24.0 mm, Ponta dos Cedros. M1-M3. Alvania cancellata (da Costa, 1778), DBUA-F 1296-3, height 4.0 mm, width 2.2 mm, Malbusca." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7965291" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7965291/files/figure.png" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
<subScript id="17E234CF2C4C091BFE98F98CFEA07205" attach="left" box="[274,282,1645,1659]" fontSize="6" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">2</subScript>
</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37C65012C4C091AFF1DF97EFB1A7077" lastPageId="95" lastPageNumber="96" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C4C091BFF1DF97EFDB372C9" blockId="94.[151,1436,1695,2026]" box="[151,521,1695,1719]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7611A42C4C091BFF1DF97EFDB372C9" box="[151,521,1695,1719]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
* 
<treatmentCitation id="0AC7109B2C4C091BFF2EF97EFDBF72C9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3916046" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3916046" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EBE58F0C-93ED-4163-9C89-57DFC9FEBB5C" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[164,517,1695,1719]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5B1139A196738778B7EA7D60025E45B5" page="727" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" year="1758">
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C4C091BFF2EF97EFDBF72C9" authority="Linnaeus 1758: 727" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityPageNumber="727" authorityYear="1758" box="[164,517,1695,1719]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bullidae" genus="Bulla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lignaria">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C4C091BFF2EF97EFE8972C9" box="[164,307,1695,1719]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Bulla lignaria</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C4C091BFEB3F97EFDBF72C9" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[313,517,1695,1719]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" refId="ref112867" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. 1. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 824 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542" type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus 1758: 727</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C4C091BFF1DF95FFD1172A8" blockId="94.[151,1436,1695,2026]" box="[151,683,1726,1750]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7611A42C4C091BFF1DF95FFD1172A8" box="[151,683,1726,1750]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
<treatmentCitation id="0AC7109B2C4C091BFF1DF95FFDA472A8" author="Risso, A." box="[151,542,1726,1750]" page="51" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" year="1826">
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C4C091BFF1DF95FFDA472A8" ID-CoL="79RYZ" authority="Risso 1826: 51" authorityName="Risso" authorityPageNumber="51" authorityYear="1826" box="[151,542,1726,1750]" class="Gastropoda" family="Scaphandridae" genus="Scaphander" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="targionius">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C4C091BFF1DF95FFEC472AB" box="[151,382,1726,1750]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Scaphander targionius</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C4C091BFE0EF95FFDA472A8" author="Risso, A." box="[388,542,1726,1750]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" refId="ref122462" refString="Risso, A. (1826) Histoire naturelle des principales productions de l'Europe me´ridionale et principalement de celles des environs de Nice et des Alpes-Maritimes. 4. Mollusques. Levrault, Paris, 439 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 58984" type="book" year="1826">Risso 1826: 51</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 2, fig. 13.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C4C091BFF1DF93DFD58728B" blockId="94.[151,1436,1695,2026]" box="[151,738,1756,1781]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7611A42C4C091BFF1DF93DFD58728B" box="[151,738,1756,1781]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C4C091BFF1DF93DFEDE728A" authority="Linn." authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[151,356,1756,1780]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bullidae" genus="Bulla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lignaria">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C4C091BFF1DF93DFE9C728A" box="[151,294,1756,1780]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Bulla lignaria</emphasis>
Linn.
</taxonomicName>
—S.V. 
<treatmentCitation id="0AC7109B2C4C091BFE26F93DFDEC728B" author="Wood, S. V." box="[428,598,1756,1781]" page="173" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" year="1848">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C4C091BFE26F93DFDEC728B" author="Wood, S. V." box="[428,598,1756,1781]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" pagination="1 - 208" refId="ref129170" refString="Wood, S. V. (1848) A Monograph of the Crag Mollusca or, descriptions of shells from the middle and upper tertiaries of the east of England. Part 1. Univalves. Monograph of the Palaeontographical Society of London, 1, i - xii + 1 - 208, 21 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 02693445.1847.12089320" type="journal article" year="1848">Wood 1848: 173</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 21, fig. 8.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C4C091BFF1DF91AFEE4734C" blockId="94.[151,1436,1695,2026]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7611A42C4C091BFF1DF91AFEE4734C" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C4C091BFF1DF91AFE3F736D" authorityName="Michelotti" authorityYear="1847" box="[151,389,1787,1811]" class="Gastropoda" family="Scaphandridae" genus="Scaphander" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="grateloupi">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C4C091BFF1DF91AFE3F736D" box="[151,389,1787,1811]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Scaphander Grateloupi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
d’O.—Bronn in 
<treatmentCitation id="0AC7109B2C4C091BFDBBF91AFD7D736D" author="Reiss, W." box="[561,711,1787,1811]" page="34" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" year="1862">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C4C091BFDBBF91AFD7D736D" author="Reiss, W." box="[561,711,1787,1811]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" pagination="1 - 48" refId="ref122153" refString="Reiss, W. (1862) Mittheilungen u ¨ ber die tertia ¨ ren Schichten von Santa Maria, der su ¨ dlichsten der Azoren, und ihre organischen Einschlu ¨ sse. Nebst Beschreibung dieser letzten und Abbildung der neuen Arten, von H. G. Bronn. Neues Jahrbuch fu ¨ r Mineralogie, Geognosie, Geologie und Petrefactunkunde, 1862, 1 - 48." type="journal article" year="1862">Reiss 1862: 34</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
[
<emphasis id="B912EA982C4C091BFD5FF91DFD41736D" box="[725,763,1788,1811]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">non</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C4C091BFC8BF91AFBEC736D" authority="Michelotti, 1847" authorityName="Michelotti" authorityYear="1847" box="[769,1110,1787,1811]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bullidae" genus="Bulla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="grateloupi">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C4C091BFC8BF91AFC12736D" box="[769,936,1787,1811]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Bulla grateloupi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C4C091BFC27F91AFBEC736D" author="Michelotti, G." box="[941,1110,1787,1811]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" refId="ref115616" refString="Michelotti, G. (1847) Description des fossiles des terrains mioce`nes de l'Italie septentrionale. Natuurkundige Verhandelingen van de Hollandsche Maatschappij der Wetenschappen te Haarlem (2). Also as: Ouvrage publie´par la socie´te´Hollandaise des Sciences, et accompagne´d'un atlas de 17 planches. A. Arns &amp; Compie, Leiden, 408 pp." type="book" year="1847">Michelotti, 1847</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
= 
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C4C091BFBFAF91AFEE9734C" ID-CoL="6Y3YZ" authority="(Grateloup, 1837)" baseAuthorityName="Grateloup" baseAuthorityYear="1837" class="Gastropoda" family="Scaphandridae" genus="Scaphander" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="tarbelliana">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C4C091BFBFAF91AFADA736D" box="[1136,1376,1787,1811]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Scaphander tarbelliana</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C4C091BFAE6F91AFEF1734C" author="Grateloup, J. P. S. de" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" pagination="247 - 299" refId="ref105854" refString="Grateloup, J. P. S. de (1837) Notice sur la famille des bulle´ens dont on trouve les de´pouilles fossiles dans les terrains marins supe´rieurs du Bassin de l'Adour, aux environs de Dax (Landes), pre´ce´de´e de conside´rations ge´ne´rales sur cette famille et du tableau des genres et des espe`ces connus, soit a`l'e´tat vivant soit a`l'e´tat fossile. Actes de la Socie´te´Linne´enne de Bordeaux, 8, 247 - 299. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 144865" type="journal article" year="1837">Grateloup, 1837</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
].
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C4C091BFF1DF8D9FD90732E" blockId="94.[151,1436,1695,2026]" box="[151,554,1848,1872]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7611A42C4C091BFF1DF8D9FD90732E" box="[151,554,1848,1872]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C4C091BFF1DF8D9FEDD732E" authority="Linne" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[151,359,1848,1872]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bullidae" genus="Bulla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lignaria">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C4C091BFF1DF8D9FE9C732E" box="[151,294,1848,1872]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Bulla lignaria</emphasis>
Linné
</taxonomicName>
— 
<treatmentCitation id="0AC7109B2C4C091BFE0BF8D9FD9F732E" author="Mayer, K." box="[385,549,1848,1872]" page="59" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" year="1864">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C4C091BFE0BF8D9FD9F732E" author="Mayer, K." box="[385,549,1848,1872]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" refId="ref114600" refString="Mayer, K. (1864). Die Tertiar-fauna der Azoren und Madeiren. Zurich, published by the author. Z ¸ rich: vi + 107 pp. + 7 pls." type="book" year="1864">Mayer 1864: 59</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C4C091BFF1DF8B6FB277311" blockId="94.[151,1436,1695,2026]" box="[151,1181,1879,1903]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C4C091BFF1DF8B6FE157311" ID-CoL="NTTW" authority="Linne." authorityName="Linne." box="[151,431,1879,1903]" class="Gastropoda" family="Scaphandridae" genus="Scaphander" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lignaria">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C4C091BFF1DF8B6FED37311" box="[151,361,1879,1903]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Scaphander lignaria</emphasis>
Linné.
</taxonomicName>
— 
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C4C091BFE42F8B6FD8E7311" author="Nyst, P. H." box="[456,564,1879,1903]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" pagination="1 - 28" refId="ref117876" refString="Nyst, P. H. (1878) Conchyliologie des terrains tertiaires de la Belgique. 1. Terrain Plioce`ne Scaldisien. Annales du Muse´e Royal d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique, se´rie Pale´ontologique, 3, pls. 1 - 28." type="journal article" year="1878">Nyst 1878</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 7, fig. 23. 1882 
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C4C091BFC8AF8B6FBA07311" ID-CoL="NTTW" authority="Linne." authorityName="Linne." box="[768,1050,1879,1903]" class="Gastropoda" family="Scaphandridae" genus="Scaphander" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lignaria">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C4C091BFC8AF8B6FC687311" box="[768,978,1879,1903]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Scaphander lignaria</emphasis>
Linné.
</taxonomicName>
—Nyst: 137.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C4C091BFF1DF897FCB973F0" blockId="94.[151,1436,1695,2026]" box="[151,771,1910,1934]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7611A42C4C091BFF1DF897FCB973F0" box="[151,771,1910,1934]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C4C091BFF1DF897FEC973F0" ID-CoL="79RYW" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[151,371,1910,1934]" class="Gastropoda" family="Scaphandridae" genus="Scaphander" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lignarius">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C4C091BFF1DF897FEC973F0" box="[151,371,1910,1934]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Scaphander lignarius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L.— 
<treatmentCitation id="0AC7109B2C4C091BFE2CF897FDFC73F0" author="Sacco, F." box="[422,582,1910,1934]" page="43" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" year="1897">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C4C091BFE2CF897FDFC73F0" author="Sacco, F." box="[422,582,1910,1934]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" refId="ref123345" refString="Sacco, F. (1897) I molluschi dei terreni terziarii del Piemonte e della Liguria. 22. Gasteropoda (fine) (Pleurotomariidae, Scissurellidae, Haliotidae, Fissurellidae, Tecturidae, Patellidae, Oocorythidae, Cyclophoridae, Cyclostomidae, Aciculidae, Truncatellidae, Actaeonidae, Tornatinidae, Scaphandridae, Bullidae, Cyclichnidae, Philenidae, Umbrellidae). Pulmonata (Testacellidae, Limacidae, Vitrinidae, Helicidae, Pupidae, Stenogyridae, Succineidae, Auriculidae, Limnaeidae, Physidae; Siphonariidae). Amphineura (Chitonidae). Scaphopoda (Dentaliidae). Carlo Clausen, Torino, 148 pp., 10 pls." type="book" year="1897">Sacco 1897: 43</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 3, figs. 94, 95.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C4C091BFF1DF875FC7873D2" blockId="94.[151,1436,1695,2026]" box="[151,962,1940,1965]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7611A42C4C091BFF1DF875FC7873D2" box="[151,962,1940,1965]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C4C091BFF1DF875FDF573D2" ID-CoL="5RDBQ" authority="(Risso)" baseAuthorityName="Risso" box="[151,591,1940,1964]" class="Gastropoda" family="Scaphandridae" genus="Scaphander" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Mollusca" rank="variety" species="lignarius" variety="targionia">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C4C091BFF1DF875FEC973D2" box="[151,371,1940,1964]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Scaphander lignarius</emphasis>
var. 
<emphasis id="B912EA982C4C091BFE2EF874FDBB73D2" box="[420,513,1941,1964]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">targionia</emphasis>
(Risso)
</taxonomicName>
— 
<treatmentCitation id="0AC7109B2C4C091BFDE3F875FCB373D3" author="Sacco, F." box="[617,777,1940,1965]" page="43" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" year="1897">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C4C091BFDE3F875FCB373D3" author="Sacco, F." box="[617,777,1940,1965]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" refId="ref123345" refString="Sacco, F. (1897) I molluschi dei terreni terziarii del Piemonte e della Liguria. 22. Gasteropoda (fine) (Pleurotomariidae, Scissurellidae, Haliotidae, Fissurellidae, Tecturidae, Patellidae, Oocorythidae, Cyclophoridae, Cyclostomidae, Aciculidae, Truncatellidae, Actaeonidae, Tornatinidae, Scaphandridae, Bullidae, Cyclichnidae, Philenidae, Umbrellidae). Pulmonata (Testacellidae, Limacidae, Vitrinidae, Helicidae, Pupidae, Stenogyridae, Succineidae, Auriculidae, Limnaeidae, Physidae; Siphonariidae). Amphineura (Chitonidae). Scaphopoda (Dentaliidae). Carlo Clausen, Torino, 148 pp., 10 pls." type="book" year="1897">Sacco 1897: 43</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 3, figs. 96-99.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C4C091BFF1DF852FCC773B5" blockId="94.[151,1436,1695,2026]" box="[151,893,1971,1995]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7611A42C4C091BFF1DF852FCC773B5" box="[151,893,1971,1995]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
<treatmentCitation id="0AC7109B2C4C091BFF1DF852FD1673B5" author="Sacco, F." box="[151,684,1971,1995]" page="44" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" year="1897">
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C4C091BFF1DF852FD1673B5" ID-CoL="5RDBP" authority="Sacco 1897: 44" authorityName="Sacco" authorityPageNumber="44" authorityYear="1897" box="[151,684,1971,1995]" class="Gastropoda" family="Scaphandridae" genus="Scaphander" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Mollusca" rank="variety" species="lignarius" variety="parvulina">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C4C091BFF1DF852FEC973B5" box="[151,371,1971,1995]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Scaphander lignarius</emphasis>
var. 
<emphasis id="B912EA982C4C091BFE2EF852FDBD73B5" box="[420,519,1971,1995]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">parvulina</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C4C091BFD87F852FD1673B5" author="Sacco, F." box="[525,684,1971,1995]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" refId="ref123345" refString="Sacco, F. (1897) I molluschi dei terreni terziarii del Piemonte e della Liguria. 22. Gasteropoda (fine) (Pleurotomariidae, Scissurellidae, Haliotidae, Fissurellidae, Tecturidae, Patellidae, Oocorythidae, Cyclophoridae, Cyclostomidae, Aciculidae, Truncatellidae, Actaeonidae, Tornatinidae, Scaphandridae, Bullidae, Cyclichnidae, Philenidae, Umbrellidae). Pulmonata (Testacellidae, Limacidae, Vitrinidae, Helicidae, Pupidae, Stenogyridae, Succineidae, Auriculidae, Limnaeidae, Physidae; Siphonariidae). Amphineura (Chitonidae). Scaphopoda (Dentaliidae). Carlo Clausen, Torino, 148 pp., 10 pls." type="book" year="1897">Sacco 1897: 44</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 3, figs. 100-101.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C4C091BFF1DF833FCF87394" blockId="94.[151,1436,1695,2026]" box="[151,834,2002,2026]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7611A42C4C091BFF1DF833FCF87394" box="[151,834,2002,2026]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C4C091BFF1DF833FEC97394" ID-CoL="79RYW" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[151,371,2002,2026]" class="Gastropoda" family="Scaphandridae" genus="Scaphander" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lignarius">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C4C091BFF1DF833FEC97394" box="[151,371,2002,2026]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Scaphander lignarius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L.— 
<treatmentCitation id="0AC7109B2C4C091BFE2FF833FD2C7394" author="Cerulli-Irelli, S." box="[421,662,2002,2026]" page="227" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" year="1910">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C4C091BFE2FF833FD2C7394" author="Cerulli-Irelli, S." box="[421,662,2002,2026]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" pagination="23 - 70" refId="ref97575" refString="Cerulli-Irelli, S. (1910) Fauna Malacologica Mariana Parte Quarta. Scaphopoda: - Dentalidae. Gastropoda: - Stenogyridae, Gadiniidae, Acteonidae, Tornatinidae, Scaphandridae, Bullidae, Ringiculidae, Philinidae, Umbrellidae, Conidae, Pleurotomidae. Palaeontographia Italica, 16, 23 - 70 (215 - 262), pls. 3 - 6 (34 - 37)." type="journal article" year="1910">Cerulli-Irelli 1910: 227</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 35, figs. 1-7.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C4D091AFF1DFF76FCD974D0" blockId="95.[151,1437,150,665]" box="[151,867,150,175]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C4D091AFF1DFF76FE7874D1" ID-CoL="79RYW" authority="(Linne)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[151,450,151,175]" class="Gastropoda" family="Scaphandridae" genus="Scaphander" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lignarius">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C4D091AFF1DFF76FEC974D1" box="[151,371,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Scaphander lignarius</emphasis>
(Linné)
</taxonomicName>
—Harmer 1923: 806, pl. 63, figs. 14, 15.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C4D091AFF1DFF54FE367492" blockId="95.[151,1437,150,665]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7611A42C4D091AFF1DFF54FE367492" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C4D091AFF1DFF54FD9574B3" authority="Michelotti, 1847" authorityName="Michelotti" authorityYear="1847" box="[151,559,181,205]" class="Gastropoda" family="Scaphandridae" genus="Scaphander" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="grateloupi">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C4D091AFF1DFF54FE3B74B3" box="[151,385,181,205]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Scaphander grateloupi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C4D091AFE02FF54FD9574B3" author="Michelotti, G." box="[392,559,181,205]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" refId="ref115616" refString="Michelotti, G. (1847) Description des fossiles des terrains mioce`nes de l'Italie septentrionale. Natuurkundige Verhandelingen van de Hollandsche Maatschappij der Wetenschappen te Haarlem (2). Also as: Ouvrage publie´par la socie´te´Hollandaise des Sciences, et accompagne´d'un atlas de 17 planches. A. Arns &amp; Compie, Leiden, 408 pp." type="book" year="1847">Michelotti, 1847</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
— 
<treatmentCitation id="0AC7109B2C4D091AFDC3FF54FCB674B3" author="Brebion, P." box="[585,780,181,205]" page="658" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" year="1964">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C4D091AFDC3FF54FCB674B3" author="Brebion, P." box="[585,780,181,205]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" refId="ref95589" refString="Brebion, P. (1964) Les gasteropodes du Redonien et leur signification. Vols. 1 - 2. The`se de doctorat e`s-Sciences. Faculte des Sciences de l'Universite de Paris, Paris, 775 pp., 15 pls. [27 June 1964, unpublished]" type="book" year="1964">Brébion 1964: 658</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 15, fig. 40 [
<emphasis id="B912EA982C4D091AFC38FF57FC6274B3" box="[946,984,182,205]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">non</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C4D091AFC55FF54FB3674B3" author="Michelotti, G." box="[991,1164,181,205]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" refId="ref115616" refString="Michelotti, G. (1847) Description des fossiles des terrains mioce`nes de l'Italie septentrionale. Natuurkundige Verhandelingen van de Hollandsche Maatschappij der Wetenschappen te Haarlem (2). Also as: Ouvrage publie´par la socie´te´Hollandaise des Sciences, et accompagne´d'un atlas de 17 planches. A. Arns &amp; Compie, Leiden, 408 pp." type="book" year="1847">Michelotti, 1847</bibRefCitation>
; = 
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C4D091AFB26FF54FE387492" ID-CoL="6Y3YZ" authority="(Grateloup, 1837)" baseAuthorityName="Grateloup" baseAuthorityYear="1837" class="Gastropoda" family="Scaphandridae" genus="Scaphander" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="tarbelliana">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C4D091AFB26FF54FA2774B3" box="[1196,1437,181,205]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Scaphander tarbelliana</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C4D091AFF44FF35FEC07492" author="Grateloup, J. P. S. de" box="[206,378,212,236]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="247 - 299" refId="ref105854" refString="Grateloup, J. P. S. de (1837) Notice sur la famille des bulle´ens dont on trouve les de´pouilles fossiles dans les terrains marins supe´rieurs du Bassin de l'Adour, aux environs de Dax (Landes), pre´ce´de´e de conside´rations ge´ne´rales sur cette famille et du tableau des genres et des espe`ces connus, soit a`l'e´tat vivant soit a`l'e´tat fossile. Actes de la Socie´te´Linne´enne de Bordeaux, 8, 247 - 299. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 144865" type="journal article" year="1837">Grateloup, 1837</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
].
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C4D091AFF1DFF12FBF97575" blockId="95.[151,1437,150,665]" box="[151,1091,242,267]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7611A42C4D091AFF1DFF12FBF97575" box="[151,1091,242,267]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C4D091AFF1DFF12FD997574" ID-CoL="79RYW" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[151,547,242,267]" class="Gastropoda" family="Scaphandridae" genus="Scaphander" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lignarius">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C4D091AFF1DFF12FEC97575" box="[151,371,243,267]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Scaphander lignarius</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C4D091AFEF5FF12FDA67574" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[383,540,242,267]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" refId="ref112867" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. 1. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 824 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542" type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
—van 
<treatmentCitation id="0AC7109B2C4D091AFDE0FF12FC217574" author="Regteren Altena, C. O. van &amp; Bloklander, A. &amp; Pouderoyen, L. P." box="[618,923,243,267]" page="7" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" year="1964">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C4D091AFDE0FF12FC217574" author="Regteren Altena, C. O. van &amp; Bloklander, A. &amp; Pouderoyen, L. P." box="[618,923,243,267]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="1 - 9" refId="ref122060" refString="Regteren Altena, C. O. van, Bloklander, A. &amp; Pouderoyen, L. P. (1964) De fossiele schelpen van de Nederlandse stranden en zeegaten, 6. Basteria, 28, 1 - 9." type="journal article" year="1964">
Regteren Altena 
<emphasis id="B912EA982C4D091AFC9EFF12FCFB7575" box="[788,833,243,267]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">et al</emphasis>
. 1964: 7
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 22, fig. 210.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C4D091AFF1DFEF0FBA27557" blockId="95.[151,1437,150,665]" box="[151,1048,273,297]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7611A42C4D091AFF1DFEF0FBA27557" box="[151,1048,273,297]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C4D091AFF1DFEF0FD2A7557" ID-CoL="79RYW" authority="(Linne, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[151,656,273,297]" class="Gastropoda" family="Scaphandridae" genus="Scaphander" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lignarius" subGenus="Scaphander">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C4D091AFF1DFEF0FEAA7557" box="[151,272,273,297]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Scaphander</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B912EA982C4D091AFE95FEF0FE227557" box="[287,408,273,297]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Scaphander</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B912EA982C4D091AFE2DFEF0FDB97557" box="[423,515,273,297]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">lignarius</emphasis>
(Linné, 1758)
</taxonomicName>
— 
<treatmentCitation id="0AC7109B2C4D091AFD21FEF0FCC47557" author="Malatesta, A." box="[683,894,273,297]" page="447" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" year="1974">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C4D091AFD21FEF0FCC47557" author="Malatesta, A." box="[683,894,273,297]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="1 - 498" refId="ref113889" refString="Malatesta, A. (1974) Malacofauna pliocenica Umbra. Memorie per Servire alla Carta Geologica d'Italia, 13, 1 - 498." type="journal article" year="1974">Malatesta 1974: 447</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 23, fig. 17.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C4D091AFF1DFED1FC3F7536" blockId="95.[151,1437,150,665]" box="[151,901,304,328]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7611A42C4D091AFF1DFED1FC3F7536" box="[151,901,304,328]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C4D091AFF1DFED1FEC97536" ID-CoL="79RYW" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[151,371,304,328]" class="Gastropoda" family="Scaphandridae" genus="Scaphander" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lignarius">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C4D091AFF1DFED1FEC97536" box="[151,371,304,328]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Scaphander lignarius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(L., 1758)— 
<treatmentCitation id="0AC7109B2C4D091AFE7DFED1FC9E7536" author="Cavallo, O. &amp; Repetto, G." box="[503,804,304,328]" page="170" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" year="1992">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C4D091AFE7DFED1FC9E7536" author="Cavallo, O. &amp; Repetto, G." box="[503,804,304,328]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="1 - 251" refId="ref97403" refString="Cavallo, O. &amp; Repetto, G. (1992) Conchiglie fossili del Roero. Atlante iconografico. Associazione Naturalistica Piemontese Memorie (Associazione Amici del Museo ' Federico Eusebio'), 2, 1 - 251." type="journal article" year="1992">Cavallo &amp; Repetto 1992: 170</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 491.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C4D091AFF1DFEAEFBAF7519" blockId="95.[151,1437,150,665]" box="[151,1045,335,359]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7611A42C4D091AFF1DFEAEFBAF7519" box="[151,1045,335,359]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C4D091AFF1DFEAEFE607519" ID-CoL="79RYW" authority="(Brocchi)" baseAuthorityName="Brocchi" box="[151,474,335,359]" class="Gastropoda" family="Scaphandridae" genus="Scaphander" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lignarius">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C4D091AFF1DFEAEFEC97519" box="[151,371,335,359]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Scaphander lignarius</emphasis>
(Brocchi)
</taxonomicName>
[
<emphasis id="B912EA982C4D091AFE62FEAEFDBE7518" box="[488,516,335,358]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">sic</emphasis>
]— 
<treatmentCitation id="0AC7109B2C4D091AFDAFFEAEFCF17519" author="Ruiz Munoz, F. &amp; Gonzalez-Regalado Montero, M. L. &amp; Redondo Sanz, J. L." box="[549,843,335,359]" page="188" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" year="1997">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C4D091AFDAFFEAEFCF17519" author="Ruiz Munoz, F. &amp; Gonzalez-Regalado Montero, M. L. &amp; Redondo Sanz, J. L." box="[549,843,335,359]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" refId="ref122948" refString="Ruiz Munoz, F., Gonzalez-Regalado Montero, M. L. &amp; Redondo Sanz, J. L. (1997) Guiia de foisiles del sur de la provincia de Huelva. Imprenta Diputacioin, Diputacioin Provincial de Huelva, 204 pp." type="book" year="1997">
Ruiz Muñoz 
<emphasis id="B912EA982C4D091AFD20FEAEFD6D7519" box="[682,727,335,359]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">et al</emphasis>
. 1997: 188
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 41, figs. 12, 13.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C4D091AFF1DFE8CFC2175FB" blockId="95.[151,1437,150,665]" box="[151,923,365,389]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7611A42C4D091AFF1DFE8CFC2175FB" box="[151,923,365,389]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C4D091AFF1DFE8CFD9875FB" ID-CoL="79RYW" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[151,546,365,389]" class="Gastropoda" family="Scaphandridae" genus="Scaphander" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lignarius">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C4D091AFF1DFE8CFEC975FB" box="[151,371,365,389]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Scaphander lignarius</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C4D091AFEF5FE8CFDA075FB" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[383,538,365,389]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" refId="ref112867" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. 1. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 824 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542" type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
— 
<treatmentCitation id="0AC7109B2C4D091AFDB6FE8CFCB575FB" author="Marquet, R." box="[572,783,365,389]" page="116" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" year="1997">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C4D091AFDB6FE8CFCB575FB" author="Marquet, R." box="[572,783,365,389]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="69 - 149" refId="ref114017" refString="Marquet, R. (1997 b) Pliocene gastropod faunas from Kallo (Oost-Vlaanderen, Belgium), 3 - 4. Caenogastropoda: Aporrhaidae to Muricidae (3); Buccinidae to Helicidae (4). Contributions to Tertiary and Quaternary Geology, 34, 69 - 149." type="journal article" year="1997">Marquet 1997b: 116</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 11, fig. 6.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C4D091AFF1DFE6DFCCA75DA" blockId="95.[151,1437,150,665]" box="[151,880,396,420]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7611A42C4D091AFF1DFE6DFCCA75DA" box="[151,880,396,420]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C4D091AFF1DFE6DFD9875DA" ID-CoL="79RYW" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[151,546,396,420]" class="Gastropoda" family="Scaphandridae" genus="Scaphander" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lignarius">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C4D091AFF1DFE6DFEC975DA" box="[151,371,396,420]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Scaphander lignarius</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C4D091AFEF5FE6DFDA075DA" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[383,538,396,420]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" refId="ref112867" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. 1. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 824 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542" type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
— 
<treatmentCitation id="0AC7109B2C4D091AFDB6FE6DFCAA75DA" author="Marquet, R." box="[572,784,396,420]" page="221" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" year="1998">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C4D091AFDB6FE6DFCAA75DA" author="Marquet, R." box="[572,784,396,420]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="263 - 287" refId="ref114105" refString="Marquet, R. (1998 b) The Pliocene turrid gastropods of Belgium. 2. Conidae (genera Asthenotoma, Comarmondia, Cytharella, Mangelia, Lusitanops, Raphitoma and Philbertia). Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Sciences de la Terre, 68, 263 - 287." type="journal article" year="1998">Marquet 1998b: 221</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 194.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C4D091AFF1DFE4AFC0D75BD" blockId="95.[151,1437,150,665]" box="[151,951,426,451]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7611A42C4D091AFF1DFE4AFC0D75BD" box="[151,951,426,451]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C4D091AFF1DFE4AFDBB75BC" ID-CoL="79RYW" authority="(Linne, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[151,513,426,451]" class="Gastropoda" family="Scaphandridae" genus="Scaphander" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lignarius">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C4D091AFF1DFE4AFEC975BD" box="[151,371,427,451]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Scaphander lignarius</emphasis>
(Linné, 1758)
</taxonomicName>
— 
<treatmentCitation id="0AC7109B2C4D091AFD91FE4BFC9075BD" author="Chirli, C. &amp; Richard, C." box="[539,810,426,451]" page="81" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" year="2008">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C4D091AFD91FE4BFC9075BD" author="Chirli, C. &amp; Richard, C." box="[539,810,426,451]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" refId="ref98392" refString="Chirli, C. &amp; Richard, C. (2008) Les mollusques plaisanciens de la Co ˆ te d'Azur. Chirli, C., Tavarnelle, 128 pp., 25 pls." type="book" year="2008">Chirli &amp; Richard 2008: 81</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 16, fig. 6.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C4D091AFF1DFE28FA29759F" blockId="95.[151,1437,150,665]" box="[151,1427,457,481]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7611A42C4D091AFF1DFE28FA29759F" box="[151,1427,457,481]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C4D091AFF1DFE28FD33759F" ID-CoL="5RDBP" authority="Sacco, 1897" authorityName="Sacco" authorityYear="1897" box="[151,649,457,481]" class="Gastropoda" family="Scaphandridae" genus="Scaphander" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Mollusca" rank="variety" species="lignarius" variety="parvulina">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C4D091AFF1DFE28FEC9759F" box="[151,371,457,481]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Scaphander lignarius</emphasis>
var. 
<emphasis id="B912EA982C4D091AFE2EFE28FDBD759F" box="[420,519,457,481]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">parvulina</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C4D091AFD87FE28FD33759F" author="Sacco, F." box="[525,649,457,481]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" refId="ref123345" refString="Sacco, F. (1897) I molluschi dei terreni terziarii del Piemonte e della Liguria. 22. Gasteropoda (fine) (Pleurotomariidae, Scissurellidae, Haliotidae, Fissurellidae, Tecturidae, Patellidae, Oocorythidae, Cyclophoridae, Cyclostomidae, Aciculidae, Truncatellidae, Actaeonidae, Tornatinidae, Scaphandridae, Bullidae, Cyclichnidae, Philenidae, Umbrellidae). Pulmonata (Testacellidae, Limacidae, Vitrinidae, Helicidae, Pupidae, Stenogyridae, Succineidae, Auriculidae, Limnaeidae, Physidae; Siphonariidae). Amphineura (Chitonidae). Scaphopoda (Dentaliidae). Carlo Clausen, Torino, 148 pp., 10 pls." type="book" year="1897">Sacco, 1897</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
[
<emphasis id="B912EA982C4D091AFD1DFE2BFD09759F" box="[663,691,458,481]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">sic</emphasis>
]— 
<treatmentCitation id="0AC7109B2C4D091AFD5FFE28FBAB759F" author="Sosso, M. &amp; Dell'Angelo, B." box="[725,1041,457,481]" page="55" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" year="2010">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C4D091AFD5FFE28FBAB759F" author="Sosso, M. &amp; Dell'Angelo, B." box="[725,1041,457,481]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" refId="ref125160" refString="Sosso, M. &amp; Dell'Angelo, B. (2010) I fossili del Rio Torsero. Editing Marginalia, Cartotectonica Beusi srl, Prato, 95 pp." type="book" year="2010">Sosso &amp; Dell’Angelo 2010: 55</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 69, unnumbered fig. middle row left.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C4D091AFF1DFE09FC11767E" blockId="95.[151,1437,150,665]" box="[151,939,488,512]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7611A42C4D091AFF1DFE09FC11767E" box="[151,939,488,512]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C4D091AFF1DFE09FDBB767E" ID-CoL="79RYW" authority="(Linne, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[151,513,488,512]" class="Gastropoda" family="Scaphandridae" genus="Scaphander" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lignarius">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C4D091AFF1DFE09FEC9767E" box="[151,371,488,512]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Scaphander lignarius</emphasis>
(Linné, 1758)
</taxonomicName>
— 
<treatmentCitation id="0AC7109B2C4D091AFD91FE09FCA4767E" author="Chirli, C. &amp; Linse, U." box="[539,798,488,512]" page="219" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" year="2011">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C4D091AFD91FE09FCA4767E" author="Chirli, C. &amp; Linse, U." box="[539,798,488,512]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" refId="ref98351" refString="Chirli, C. &amp; Linse, U. (2011) The Pleistocene marine Gastropods of Rhodes Island (Greece). Grafiche PDB, Tavarnelle V. P., Firenze, 262 pp., 90 pls." type="book" year="2011">Chirli &amp; Linse 2011: 219</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 86, fig. 6.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C4D091AFF1DFDE6FCC57661" blockId="95.[151,1437,150,665]" box="[151,895,518,543]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7611A42C4D091AFF1DFDE6FCC57661" box="[151,895,518,543]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C4D091AFF1DFDE6FDBB7660" ID-CoL="79RYW" authority="(Linne, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[151,513,518,543]" class="Gastropoda" family="Scaphandridae" genus="Scaphander" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lignarius">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C4D091AFF1DFDE6FEC97661" box="[151,371,519,543]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Scaphander lignarius</emphasis>
(Linné, 1758)
</taxonomicName>
— 
<treatmentCitation id="0AC7109B2C4D091AFD91FDE7FD017660" author="Chirli, C." box="[539,699,518,543]" page="45" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" year="2013">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C4D091AFD91FDE7FD017660" author="Chirli, C." box="[539,699,518,543]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" refId="ref98287" refString="Chirli, C. (2013) Malacofauna Pliocenica Toscana. Vol. 9. Gastropoda fine Scaphopoda. Chirli, C., Firenze, 169 pp., 24 pls." type="book" year="2013">Chirli 2013: 45</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 10, figs. 17-21.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C4D091AFF1DFDC4FC057643" blockId="95.[151,1437,150,665]" box="[151,959,549,573]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7611A42C4D091AFF1DFDC4FC057643" box="[151,959,549,573]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C4D091AFF1DFDC4FD987643" ID-CoL="79RYW" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[151,546,549,573]" class="Gastropoda" family="Scaphandridae" genus="Scaphander" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lignarius">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C4D091AFF1DFDC4FEC97643" box="[151,371,549,573]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Scaphander lignarius</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C4D091AFEF5FDC4FDA17643" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[383,539,549,573]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" refId="ref112867" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. 1. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 824 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542" type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
— 
<treatmentCitation id="0AC7109B2C4D091AFDB7FDC4FC9C7643" author="Landau, B. M. &amp; Harzhauser, M., I &amp; Silva, C. M. da" box="[573,806,549,573]" page="43" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" year="2013">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C4D091AFDB7FDC4FC9C7643" author="Landau, B. M. &amp; Harzhauser, M., I &amp; Silva, C. M. da" box="[573,806,549,573]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="3 - 584" refId="ref111478" refString="Landau, B. M., Harzhauser, M., I ˙ slamog ˇ lu, Y. &amp; Silva, C. M. da (2013) Systematics and palaeobiogeography of the gastropods of the middle Miocene (Serravallian) Karaman Basin, Turkey. Cainozoic Research, 11 - 13, 3 - 584." type="journal article" year="2013">
Landau 
<emphasis id="B912EA982C4D091AFD1BFDC7FD047643" box="[657,702,549,573]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">et al</emphasis>
. 2013: 43
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 23, fig. 15.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C4D091AFF1DFDA5FAA27622" blockId="95.[151,1437,150,665]" box="[151,1304,580,604]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7611A42C4D091AFF1DFDA5FAA27622" box="[151,1304,580,604]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C4D091AFF1DFDA5FD987622" ID-CoL="79RYW" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[151,546,580,604]" class="Gastropoda" family="Scaphandridae" genus="Scaphander" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lignarius">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C4D091AFF1DFDA5FEC97622" box="[151,371,580,604]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Scaphander lignarius</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C4D091AFEF5FDA5FDA17622" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[383,539,580,604]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" refId="ref112867" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. 1. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 824 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542" type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
— 
<treatmentCitation id="0AC7109B2C4D091AFDB6FDA5FC2B7622" author="Eilertsen, M. H. &amp; Malaquias, M. A." box="[572,913,580,604]" page="405" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" year="2013">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C4D091AFDB6FDA5FC2B7622" author="Eilertsen, M. H. &amp; Malaquias, M. A." box="[572,913,580,604]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="389 - 429" refId="ref101398" refString="Eilertsen, M. H. &amp; Malaquias, M. A. (2013) Systematic revision of the genus Scaphander (Gastropoda, Cephalaspidea) in the Atlantic Ocean, with a molecular phylogenetic hypothesis. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 167, 389 - 429. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / zoj. 12013" type="journal article" year="2013">Eilertsen &amp; Malaquias 2013: 405</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 3/1-4 (
<emphasis id="B912EA982C4D091AFB83FDA4FBE17622" box="[1033,1115,581,604]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">cum syn</emphasis>
; extant literature).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C4D091AFF1DFD82FC5E7605" blockId="95.[151,1437,150,665]" box="[151,996,610,635]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7611A42C4D091AFF1DFD82FC5E7605" box="[151,996,610,635]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C4D091AFF1DFD82FD987604" ID-CoL="79RYW" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[151,546,610,635]" class="Gastropoda" family="Scaphandridae" genus="Scaphander" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lignarius">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C4D091AFF1DFD82FEC97605" box="[151,371,611,635]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Scaphander lignarius</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C4D091AFEF5FD82FDA17604" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[383,539,610,635]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" refId="ref112867" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. 1. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 824 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542" type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
— 
<treatmentCitation id="0AC7109B2C4D091AFDB7FD83FCED7605" author="Ceulemans, L. Van &amp; Landau, B. M." box="[573,855,610,635]" page="126" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" year="2018">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C4D091AFDB7FD83FCED7605" author="Ceulemans, L. Van &amp; Landau, B. M." box="[573,855,610,635]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="89 - 176" refId="ref97876" refString="Ceulemans, L. Van Dingenen, F. &amp; Landau, B. M. (2018) The lower Pliocene gastropods of Le Pigeon Blanc (Loire-Atlantique, northwest France). Part 5. Neogastropoda (Conoidea) and Heterobranchia (fine). Cainozoic Research, 18 (2), 89 - 176." type="journal article" year="2018">
Ceulemans 
<emphasis id="B912EA982C4D091AFD3CFD82FD587605" box="[694,738,611,635]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">et al</emphasis>
. 2018: 126
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 7, fig. 13.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C4D091AFF4DFD60FBD376E7" blockId="95.[151,1437,150,665]" box="[199,1129,641,665]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7611A42C4D091AFF4DFD60FBD376E7" box="[199,1129,641,665]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C4D091AFF4DFD60FD2476E7" ID-CoL="5RDBP" authority="(Sacco, 1897)" baseAuthorityName="Sacco" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[199,670,641,665]" class="Gastropoda" family="Scaphandridae" genus="Scaphander" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="lignarius" subSpecies="parvulina">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C4D091AFF4DFD60FDB176E7" box="[199,523,641,665]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Scaphander lignarius parvulina</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C4D091AFD92FD60FD2D76E7" author="Sacco, F." box="[536,663,641,665]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" refId="ref123345" refString="Sacco, F. (1897) I molluschi dei terreni terziarii del Piemonte e della Liguria. 22. Gasteropoda (fine) (Pleurotomariidae, Scissurellidae, Haliotidae, Fissurellidae, Tecturidae, Patellidae, Oocorythidae, Cyclophoridae, Cyclostomidae, Aciculidae, Truncatellidae, Actaeonidae, Tornatinidae, Scaphandridae, Bullidae, Cyclichnidae, Philenidae, Umbrellidae). Pulmonata (Testacellidae, Limacidae, Vitrinidae, Helicidae, Pupidae, Stenogyridae, Succineidae, Auriculidae, Limnaeidae, Physidae; Siphonariidae). Amphineura (Chitonidae). Scaphopoda (Dentaliidae). Carlo Clausen, Torino, 148 pp., 10 pls." type="book" year="1897">Sacco, 1897</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
[
<emphasis id="B912EA982C4D091AFD27FD63FD7376E7" box="[685,713,642,665]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">sic</emphasis>
]— 
<treatmentCitation id="0AC7109B2C4D091AFD63FD60FBB376E7" author="Brunetti, M. M. &amp; Cresti, M." box="[745,1033,641,665]" page="120" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" year="2018">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C4D091AFD63FD60FBB376E7" author="Brunetti, M. M. &amp; Cresti, M." box="[745,1033,641,665]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" refId="ref96603" refString="Brunetti, M. M. &amp; Cresti, M. (2018) I fossili di Orciano Pisano. Atlante iconografico. Edizioni Danaus, Palermo, 232 pp." type="book" year="2018">Brunetti &amp; Cresti 2018: 120</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 535.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C4D091AFF1DFD5EFC1076A9" blockId="95.[151,1437,703,1033]" box="[151,938,703,727]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C4D091AFF1DFD5EFF0776A8" box="[151,189,703,726]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">non</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C4D091AFF4EFD5EFE5A76A9" ID-CoL="79RYW" authority="Linne" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1766" box="[196,480,703,727]" class="Gastropoda" family="Scaphandridae" genus="Scaphander" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lignarius">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C4D091AFF4EFD5EFE2576A9" box="[196,415,703,727]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Scaphander lignarius</emphasis>
Linné
</taxonomicName>
— 
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C4D091AFE70FD5EFD5A76A9" author="Dollfus, G. F. &amp; Berkeley Cotter, J. C. &amp; Gomes, J. P." box="[506,736,703,727]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" refId="ref100948" refString="Dollfus, G. F., Berkeley Cotter, J. C. &amp; Gomes, J. P. (1903 - 04) Mollusques tertiaires du Portugal. Planches de ce´phalopodes, gaste´ropodes et pe´le´cypodes laisse´es par F. A. Pereira da Costa. Accompagne´es d'une explication sommaire et d'une esquisse ge´ologique. Me´moires de la Commission du Service Ge´ologique du Portugal, 34, 6 + 46 + 65 pp." type="book" year="1903">
Dollfus 
<emphasis id="B912EA982C4D091AFDC1FD5EFDC276A9" box="[587,632,703,727]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">et al</emphasis>
. 1903: 22
</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 36, figs. 13, 14.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C4D091AFF1DFD3FFABE768B" blockId="95.[151,1437,703,1033]" box="[151,1284,733,757]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C4D091AFF1DFD3FFE25768B" box="[151,415,733,757]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
non 
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C4D091AFF4EFD3CFE25768B" ID-CoL="79RYW" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1766" box="[196,415,733,757]" class="Gastropoda" family="Scaphandridae" genus="Scaphander" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lignarius">Scaphander lignarius</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
L.—Friedberg 1928: 546, pl. 36, figs. 3-4 [= 
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C4D091AFCE7FD3CFB43768B" ID-CoL="6XRZ2" authority="(Sacco, 1897)" baseAuthorityName="Sacco" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[877,1273,733,757]" class="Gastropoda" family="Scaphandridae" genus="Scaphander" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="dertonensis">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C4D091AFCE7FD3CFBDB768B" box="[877,1121,733,757]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Scaphander dertonensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C4D091AFBE5FD3CFB4B768B" author="Sacco, F." box="[1135,1265,733,757]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" refId="ref123345" refString="Sacco, F. (1897) I molluschi dei terreni terziarii del Piemonte e della Liguria. 22. Gasteropoda (fine) (Pleurotomariidae, Scissurellidae, Haliotidae, Fissurellidae, Tecturidae, Patellidae, Oocorythidae, Cyclophoridae, Cyclostomidae, Aciculidae, Truncatellidae, Actaeonidae, Tornatinidae, Scaphandridae, Bullidae, Cyclichnidae, Philenidae, Umbrellidae). Pulmonata (Testacellidae, Limacidae, Vitrinidae, Helicidae, Pupidae, Stenogyridae, Succineidae, Auriculidae, Limnaeidae, Physidae; Siphonariidae). Amphineura (Chitonidae). Scaphopoda (Dentaliidae). Carlo Clausen, Torino, 148 pp., 10 pls." type="book" year="1897">Sacco, 1897</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C4D091AFF1DFD1CFE26774D" blockId="95.[151,1437,703,1033]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C4D091AFF1DFD1CFF07776A" box="[151,189,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">non</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C4D091AFF4EFD1DFCBF776A" ID-CoL="79RYW" authority="(Linnaeus)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" box="[196,773,764,788]" class="Gastropoda" family="Scaphandridae" genus="Scaphander" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="lignarius" subGenus="Scaphander" subSpecies="lignarius">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C4D091AFF4EFD1DFE87776A" box="[196,317,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Scaphander</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B912EA982C4D091AFEC6FD1DFE7F776A" box="[332,453,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Scaphander</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B912EA982C4D091AFE5FFD1DFD29776A" box="[469,659,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">lignarius lignarius</emphasis>
(Linnaeus)
</taxonomicName>
— 
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C4D091AFC95FD1DFC69776A" author="Berger, W." box="[799,979,764,788]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="81 - 129" refId="ref93951" refString="Berger, W. (1953) Die Bullaceen aus dem Tertia ¨ r des Wiener Beckens. Archiv fu ¨ r Molluskenkunde, 82, 81 - 129." type="journal article" year="1953">Berger 1953: 113</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 21, figs. 104-105 [= 
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C4D091AFB58FD1DFE28774D" ID-CoL="6XRZ2" authority="(Sacco, 1897)" baseAuthorityName="Sacco" baseAuthorityYear="1897" class="Gastropoda" family="Scaphandridae" genus="Scaphander" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="dertonensis">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C4D091AFB58FD1DFF40774C" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Scaphander dertonensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C4D091AFE8DFCFAFE30774D" author="Sacco, F." box="[263,394,795,819]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" refId="ref123345" refString="Sacco, F. (1897) I molluschi dei terreni terziarii del Piemonte e della Liguria. 22. Gasteropoda (fine) (Pleurotomariidae, Scissurellidae, Haliotidae, Fissurellidae, Tecturidae, Patellidae, Oocorythidae, Cyclophoridae, Cyclostomidae, Aciculidae, Truncatellidae, Actaeonidae, Tornatinidae, Scaphandridae, Bullidae, Cyclichnidae, Philenidae, Umbrellidae). Pulmonata (Testacellidae, Limacidae, Vitrinidae, Helicidae, Pupidae, Stenogyridae, Succineidae, Auriculidae, Limnaeidae, Physidae; Siphonariidae). Amphineura (Chitonidae). Scaphopoda (Dentaliidae). Carlo Clausen, Torino, 148 pp., 10 pls." type="book" year="1897">Sacco, 1897</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C4D091AFF1DFCDBFA9F772F" blockId="95.[151,1437,703,1033]" box="[151,1317,825,849]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C4D091AFF1DFCDBFE25772F" box="[151,415,825,849]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
non 
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C4D091AFF4EFCD8FE25772F" ID-CoL="79RYW" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1766" box="[196,415,825,849]" class="Gastropoda" family="Scaphandridae" genus="Scaphander" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lignarius">Scaphander lignarius</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
L.— 
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C4D091AFE58FCD8FD3A772F" author="Strausz, L." box="[466,640,825,849]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="1 - 150" refId="ref125926" refString="Strausz, L. (1954) Va´rpalotai Felso´- Mediterra´n Csiga´k. Les gastropods du Mediterrane´en Supe´rieur (Tortonien) de Varpalota. Geologica Hungarica, 25, 1 - 150." type="journal article" year="1954">Strausz 1954: 38</bibRefCitation>
, 82, 116, pl. 9, fig. 166 [= 
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C4D091AFC04FCD8FAA1772F" ID-CoL="6XRZ2" authority="(Sacco, 1897)" baseAuthorityName="Sacco" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[910,1307,825,849]" class="Gastropoda" family="Scaphandridae" genus="Scaphander" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="dertonensis">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C4D091AFC04FCD8FB39772F" box="[910,1155,825,849]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Scaphander dertonensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C4D091AFB1AFCD8FAA9772F" author="Sacco, F." box="[1168,1299,825,849]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" refId="ref123345" refString="Sacco, F. (1897) I molluschi dei terreni terziarii del Piemonte e della Liguria. 22. Gasteropoda (fine) (Pleurotomariidae, Scissurellidae, Haliotidae, Fissurellidae, Tecturidae, Patellidae, Oocorythidae, Cyclophoridae, Cyclostomidae, Aciculidae, Truncatellidae, Actaeonidae, Tornatinidae, Scaphandridae, Bullidae, Cyclichnidae, Philenidae, Umbrellidae). Pulmonata (Testacellidae, Limacidae, Vitrinidae, Helicidae, Pupidae, Stenogyridae, Succineidae, Auriculidae, Limnaeidae, Physidae; Siphonariidae). Amphineura (Chitonidae). Scaphopoda (Dentaliidae). Carlo Clausen, Torino, 148 pp., 10 pls." type="book" year="1897">Sacco, 1897</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C4D091AFF1DFCB8FAD0770E" blockId="95.[151,1437,703,1033]" box="[151,1386,856,880]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C4D091AFF1DFCB8FF07770E" box="[151,189,857,880]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">non</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C4D091AFF4EFCB9FD85770E" ID-CoL="79RYW" authority="Linnaeus, 1766" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1766" box="[196,575,856,880]" class="Gastropoda" family="Scaphandridae" genus="Scaphander" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lignarius">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C4D091AFF4EFCB9FE25770E" box="[196,415,856,880]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Scaphander lignarius</emphasis>
Linnaeus, 1766
</taxonomicName>
— 
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C4D091AFDD3FCB9FC90770E" author="Moisescu, G." box="[601,810,856,880]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" refId="ref116016" refString="Moisescu, G. (1955) S tratigrafia s ¸ i fauna de molus ¸ te din depozitele tortoniene s ¸ i sarmatiene din regiunea Bujturi, Republica Popularai Romi ˆ naT. Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romi ˆ ne, Bucures ¸ ti, 225 pp." type="book" year="1955">Moisescu 1955: 176</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 15, fig. 7 [= 
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C4D091AFC5EFCB9FADA770E" ID-CoL="6XRZ2" authority="(Sacco, 1897)" baseAuthorityName="Sacco" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[980,1376,856,880]" class="Gastropoda" family="Scaphandridae" genus="Scaphander" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="dertonensis">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C4D091AFC5EFCB9FB72770E" box="[980,1224,856,880]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Scaphander dertonensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C4D091AFB5FFCB9FAE2770E" author="Sacco, F." box="[1237,1368,856,880]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" refId="ref123345" refString="Sacco, F. (1897) I molluschi dei terreni terziarii del Piemonte e della Liguria. 22. Gasteropoda (fine) (Pleurotomariidae, Scissurellidae, Haliotidae, Fissurellidae, Tecturidae, Patellidae, Oocorythidae, Cyclophoridae, Cyclostomidae, Aciculidae, Truncatellidae, Actaeonidae, Tornatinidae, Scaphandridae, Bullidae, Cyclichnidae, Philenidae, Umbrellidae). Pulmonata (Testacellidae, Limacidae, Vitrinidae, Helicidae, Pupidae, Stenogyridae, Succineidae, Auriculidae, Limnaeidae, Physidae; Siphonariidae). Amphineura (Chitonidae). Scaphopoda (Dentaliidae). Carlo Clausen, Torino, 148 pp., 10 pls." type="book" year="1897">Sacco, 1897</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C4D091AFF1DFC96FAEF77F1" blockId="95.[151,1437,703,1033]" box="[151,1365,886,911]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C4D091AFF1DFC96FF0777F0" box="[151,189,887,910]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">non</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C4D091AFF4EFC96FDA777F1" ID-CoL="79RYW" authority="Linne, 1766" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1766" box="[196,541,887,911]" class="Gastropoda" family="Scaphandridae" genus="Scaphander" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lignarius">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C4D091AFF4EFC96FE2577F1" box="[196,415,887,911]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Scaphander lignarius</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C4D091AFE2FFC96FDA777F1" author="Linne, C." box="[421,541,887,911]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" refId="ref112928" refString="Linne, C. (1766) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Regnum Animale. Vol. 1. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae [Stockholm], 532 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 68927" type="book" year="1766">Linné, 1766</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
— 
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C4D091AFDB2FC96FD4B77F1" author="Strausz, L." box="[568,753,887,911]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" refId="ref126003" refString="Strausz, L. (1966) Die Mioza ¨ n-Mediterranen Gastropoden ungarns. Akade´miai Kiado´, Budapest, 692 pp." type="book" year="1966">Strausz 1966: 477</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 75, figs. 7, 8 [= 
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C4D091AFC34FC96FAF177F1" ID-CoL="6XRZ2" authority="(Sacco, 1897)" baseAuthorityName="Sacco" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[958,1355,887,911]" class="Gastropoda" family="Scaphandridae" genus="Scaphander" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="dertonensis">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C4D091AFC34FC96FB0977F1" box="[958,1203,887,911]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Scaphander dertonensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C4D091AFB4AFC96FAF977F1" author="Sacco, F." box="[1216,1347,887,911]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" refId="ref123345" refString="Sacco, F. (1897) I molluschi dei terreni terziarii del Piemonte e della Liguria. 22. Gasteropoda (fine) (Pleurotomariidae, Scissurellidae, Haliotidae, Fissurellidae, Tecturidae, Patellidae, Oocorythidae, Cyclophoridae, Cyclostomidae, Aciculidae, Truncatellidae, Actaeonidae, Tornatinidae, Scaphandridae, Bullidae, Cyclichnidae, Philenidae, Umbrellidae). Pulmonata (Testacellidae, Limacidae, Vitrinidae, Helicidae, Pupidae, Stenogyridae, Succineidae, Auriculidae, Limnaeidae, Physidae; Siphonariidae). Amphineura (Chitonidae). Scaphopoda (Dentaliidae). Carlo Clausen, Torino, 148 pp., 10 pls." type="book" year="1897">Sacco, 1897</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C4D091AFF1DFC77FA9277D3" blockId="95.[151,1437,703,1033]" box="[151,1320,917,941]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C4D091AFF1DFC77FF0777D3" box="[151,189,918,941]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">non</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C4D091AFF4EFC74FDBB77D3" ID-CoL="79RYW" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1766" box="[196,513,917,941]" class="Gastropoda" family="Scaphandridae" genus="Scaphander" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lignarius">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C4D091AFF4EFC74FE2577D3" box="[196,415,917,941]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Scaphander lignarius</emphasis>
Linnaeus
</taxonomicName>
— 
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C4D091AFD91FC74FD7F77D3" author="Baluk, W." box="[539,709,917,941]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="101 - 157" refId="ref92646" refString="Baluk, W. (1970) The Lower Tortonian at Niskowa near Nowy Sacz, Polish Carpathians. Acta Geologica Polonica, 20, 101 - 157." type="journal article" year="1970">Bałuk 1970: 119</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 14, figs. 1, 2 [= 
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C4D091AFC18FC74FAA477D3" ID-CoL="6XRZ2" authority="(Sacco, 1897)" baseAuthorityName="Sacco" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[914,1310,917,941]" class="Gastropoda" family="Scaphandridae" genus="Scaphander" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="dertonensis">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C4D091AFC18FC74FB3C77D3" box="[914,1158,917,941]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Scaphander dertonensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C4D091AFB1EFC74FAAC77D3" author="Sacco, F." box="[1172,1302,917,941]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" refId="ref123345" refString="Sacco, F. (1897) I molluschi dei terreni terziarii del Piemonte e della Liguria. 22. Gasteropoda (fine) (Pleurotomariidae, Scissurellidae, Haliotidae, Fissurellidae, Tecturidae, Patellidae, Oocorythidae, Cyclophoridae, Cyclostomidae, Aciculidae, Truncatellidae, Actaeonidae, Tornatinidae, Scaphandridae, Bullidae, Cyclichnidae, Philenidae, Umbrellidae). Pulmonata (Testacellidae, Limacidae, Vitrinidae, Helicidae, Pupidae, Stenogyridae, Succineidae, Auriculidae, Limnaeidae, Physidae; Siphonariidae). Amphineura (Chitonidae). Scaphopoda (Dentaliidae). Carlo Clausen, Torino, 148 pp., 10 pls." type="book" year="1897">Sacco, 1897</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C4D091AFF1DFC54FEA87795" blockId="95.[151,1437,703,1033]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C4D091AFF1DFC54FF0777B2" box="[151,189,949,972]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">non</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C4D091AFF49FC55FD6477B2" ID-CoL="79RYW" authority="(Linne)" baseAuthorityName="Linne" box="[195,734,948,972]" class="Gastropoda" family="Scaphandridae" genus="Scaphander" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="lignarius" subGenus="Scaphander" subSpecies="lignarius">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C4D091AFF49FC55FE8677B2" box="[195,316,948,972]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Scaphander</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B912EA982C4D091AFEC0FC55FE7977B2" box="[330,451,948,972]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Scaphander</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B912EA982C4D091AFE5BFC55FD3477B2" box="[465,654,948,972]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">lignarius lignarius</emphasis>
(Linné)
</taxonomicName>
— 
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C4D091AFD72FC55FC1C77B2" author="Schultz, O." box="[760,934,948,972]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" refId="ref124042" refString="Schultz, O. (1998) Tertia ¨ rfossilien o ¨ sterreichs, Wirbellose, niedere Wirbeltiere und marine Sa ¨ ugetiere; scho ¨ ne, interessante, ha ¨ ufige und wichtige Makrofossilien aus den Besta ¨ nden des Naturhistorischen Museums Wien und Privatsammlungen; eine Bilddokumentation. Golschneck-Verlag, Wien, 159 pp." type="book" year="1998">Schultz 1998: 76</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 31, fig. 10 [= 
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C4D091AFBD2FC55FEBD7795" ID-CoL="6XRZ2" authority="(Sacco, 1897)" baseAuthorityName="Sacco" baseAuthorityYear="1897" class="Gastropoda" family="Scaphandridae" genus="Scaphander" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="dertonensis">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C4D091AFBD2FC55FAF177B2" box="[1112,1355,948,972]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Scaphander dertonensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C4D091AFAD2FC55FA2677B2" author="Sacco, F." box="[1368,1436,948,972]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" refId="ref123345" refString="Sacco, F. (1897) I molluschi dei terreni terziarii del Piemonte e della Liguria. 22. Gasteropoda (fine) (Pleurotomariidae, Scissurellidae, Haliotidae, Fissurellidae, Tecturidae, Patellidae, Oocorythidae, Cyclophoridae, Cyclostomidae, Aciculidae, Truncatellidae, Actaeonidae, Tornatinidae, Scaphandridae, Bullidae, Cyclichnidae, Philenidae, Umbrellidae). Pulmonata (Testacellidae, Limacidae, Vitrinidae, Helicidae, Pupidae, Stenogyridae, Succineidae, Auriculidae, Limnaeidae, Physidae; Siphonariidae). Amphineura (Chitonidae). Scaphopoda (Dentaliidae). Carlo Clausen, Torino, 148 pp., 10 pls." type="book" year="1897">Sacco,</bibRefCitation>
1897)
</taxonomicName>
].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C4D091AFF1DFC13FB1A7077" blockId="95.[151,1437,703,1033]" box="[151,1184,1009,1033]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C4D091AFF1DFC13FF077077" box="[151,189,1010,1033]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">non</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C4D091AFF4EFC10FE317077" authority="Linn." authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[196,395,1009,1033]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bullidae" genus="Bulla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lignaria">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C4D091AFF4EFC10FEE97077" box="[196,339,1009,1033]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Bulla lignaria</emphasis>
Linn.
</taxonomicName>
—Hörnes 1856: 616, pl. 50, fig. 1 [= 
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C4D091AFC80FC10FB2C7077" ID-CoL="6XRZ2" authority="(Sacco, 1897)" baseAuthorityName="Sacco" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[778,1174,1009,1033]" class="Gastropoda" family="Scaphandridae" genus="Scaphander" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="dertonensis">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C4D091AFC80FC10FC447077" box="[778,1022,1009,1033]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Scaphander dertonensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C4D091AFB81FC10FB347077" author="Sacco, F." box="[1035,1166,1009,1033]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" refId="ref123345" refString="Sacco, F. (1897) I molluschi dei terreni terziarii del Piemonte e della Liguria. 22. Gasteropoda (fine) (Pleurotomariidae, Scissurellidae, Haliotidae, Fissurellidae, Tecturidae, Patellidae, Oocorythidae, Cyclophoridae, Cyclostomidae, Aciculidae, Truncatellidae, Actaeonidae, Tornatinidae, Scaphandridae, Bullidae, Cyclichnidae, Philenidae, Umbrellidae). Pulmonata (Testacellidae, Limacidae, Vitrinidae, Helicidae, Pupidae, Stenogyridae, Succineidae, Auriculidae, Limnaeidae, Physidae; Siphonariidae). Amphineura (Chitonidae). Scaphopoda (Dentaliidae). Carlo Clausen, Torino, 148 pp., 10 pls." type="book" year="1897">Sacco, 1897</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37C65012C4D091AFF1DFBD6FC41700B" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C4D091AFF1DFBD6FC41700B" blockId="95.[151,1437,1079,2006]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C4D091AFF1DFBD6FDA2702F" bold="true" box="[151,536,1079,1105]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Santa Maria material examined.</emphasis>
Maximum height 
<quantity id="4C9E9B6F2C4D091AFD6FFBD9FC8F702C" box="[741,821,1080,1106]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" unit="mm" value="27.0">27 mm</quantity>
, width 15.5 mm. Internal mould from 
<collectionCode id="ED77AE4F2C4D091AFB57FBD9FA92702C" box="[1245,1320,1080,1106]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">LNEG</collectionCode>
collection (unnumbered), locality unknow, Santa Maria Island, 
<collectingRegion id="49A2F8682C4D091AFD6FFBBDFC8D7008" box="[741,823,1116,1142]" country="Portugal" name="Acores" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Azores</collectingRegion>
, Lower Pliocene.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37C65012C4D091AFF4DFB9EFA32727C" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C4D091AFF4DFB9EFA32727C" blockId="95.[151,1437,1079,2006]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C4D091AFF4DFB9EFEF670E7" bold="true" box="[199,332,1151,1177]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Discussion.</emphasis>
We confirm this record from the Lower Pliocene of Santa Maria, based on an internal mould present in LNEG collection. Bronn in Mayer (1862) identified the specimens as 
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C4D091AFB93FB42FF75709C" authority="Michelotti, 1847" authorityName="Michelotti" authorityYear="1847" class="Gastropoda" family="Scaphandridae" genus="Scaphander" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="grateloupi">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C4D091AFB93FB42FAA070C3" box="[1049,1306,1187,1213]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Scaphander grateloupi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C4D091AFAABFB42FF75709C" author="Michelotti, G." pageId="95" pageNumber="96" refId="ref115616" refString="Michelotti, G. (1847) Description des fossiles des terrains mioce`nes de l'Italie septentrionale. Natuurkundige Verhandelingen van de Hollandsche Maatschappij der Wetenschappen te Haarlem (2). Also as: Ouvrage publie´par la socie´te´Hollandaise des Sciences, et accompagne´d'un atlas de 17 planches. A. Arns &amp; Compie, Leiden, 408 pp." type="book" year="1847">Michelotti, 1847</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
[= 
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C4D091AFF7CFB26FD69709C" authority="(Grateloup, 1837)" baseAuthorityName="Grateloup" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[246,723,1223,1250]" class="Gastropoda" family="Scaphandridae" genus="Scaphander" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="tarbelliana">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C4D091AFF7CFB26FE44709F" box="[246,510,1223,1249]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Scaphander tarbelliana</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C4D091AFD87FB26FD70709C" author="Grateloup, J. P. S. de" box="[525,714,1223,1250]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="247 - 299" refId="ref105854" refString="Grateloup, J. P. S. de (1837) Notice sur la famille des bulle´ens dont on trouve les de´pouilles fossiles dans les terrains marins supe´rieurs du Bassin de l'Adour, aux environs de Dax (Landes), pre´ce´de´e de conside´rations ge´ne´rales sur cette famille et du tableau des genres et des espe`ces connus, soit a`l'e´tat vivant soit a`l'e´tat fossile. Actes de la Socie´te´Linne´enne de Bordeaux, 8, 247 - 299. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 144865" type="journal article" year="1837">Grateloup, 1837</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
]. That species from the Atlantic Lower Miocene Aquitanian and Burdigalian of the 
<collectingRegion id="49A2F8682C4D091AFEE0FB0AFE62717B" box="[362,472,1259,1285]" country="France" name="Aquitaine" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Aquitaine</collectingRegion>
Basin, 
<collectingCountry id="F371761A2C4D091AFDA4FB0DFDC07178" box="[558,634,1260,1286]" name="France" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">France</collectingCountry>
and late Burdigalian-Langhian of the North Sea Basin is smaller, more fragile than 
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C4D091AFE97FAF1FE277157" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1766" box="[285,413,1295,1322]" class="Gastropoda" family="Scaphandridae" genus="Scaphander" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lignarius">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C4D091AFE97FAF1FE277157" box="[285,413,1295,1322]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">S. lignarius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and the aperture does not rise above the apex, but most notably it has punctuated striations, which in 
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C4D091AFF77FAD2FE477133" authorityName="Michelotti" authorityYear="1847" box="[253,509,1331,1357]" class="Gastropoda" family="Scaphandridae" genus="Scaphander" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="grateloupi">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C4D091AFF77FAD2FE477133" box="[253,509,1331,1357]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Scaphander grateloupi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are broader, the rounded punctations larger, widening the grooves (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C4D091AFB68FAD2FF6E710C" author="Ceulemans, L. Van &amp; Landau, B. M." pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="89 - 176" refId="ref97876" refString="Ceulemans, L. Van Dingenen, F. &amp; Landau, B. M. (2018) The lower Pliocene gastropods of Le Pigeon Blanc (Loire-Atlantique, northwest France). Part 5. Neogastropoda (Conoidea) and Heterobranchia (fine). Cainozoic Research, 18 (2), 89 - 176." type="journal article" year="2018">
Ceulemans 
<emphasis id="B912EA982C4D091AFAECFAD5FA2F7133" box="[1382,1429,1331,1357]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">et al</emphasis>
. 2018
</bibRefCitation>
). The Middle and Upper Miocene form represents 
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C4D091AFC8EFAB9FBFB710C" authority="(Sacco, 1897)" baseAuthorityName="Sacco" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[772,1089,1367,1394]" class="Gastropoda" family="Scaphandridae" genus="Scaphander" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="dertonensis">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C4D091AFC8EFAB9FC1A710F" box="[772,928,1367,1394]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">S. dertonensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C4D091AFC24FAB9FB82710C" author="Sacco, F." box="[942,1080,1368,1394]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" refId="ref123345" refString="Sacco, F. (1897) I molluschi dei terreni terziarii del Piemonte e della Liguria. 22. Gasteropoda (fine) (Pleurotomariidae, Scissurellidae, Haliotidae, Fissurellidae, Tecturidae, Patellidae, Oocorythidae, Cyclophoridae, Cyclostomidae, Aciculidae, Truncatellidae, Actaeonidae, Tornatinidae, Scaphandridae, Bullidae, Cyclichnidae, Philenidae, Umbrellidae). Pulmonata (Testacellidae, Limacidae, Vitrinidae, Helicidae, Pupidae, Stenogyridae, Succineidae, Auriculidae, Limnaeidae, Physidae; Siphonariidae). Amphineura (Chitonidae). Scaphopoda (Dentaliidae). Carlo Clausen, Torino, 148 pp., 10 pls." type="book" year="1897">Sacco, 1897</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
which differs from 
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C4D091AFA96FAB9FA26710F" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1766" box="[1308,1436,1367,1394]" class="Gastropoda" family="Scaphandridae" genus="Scaphander" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lignarius">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C4D091AFA96FAB9FA26710F" box="[1308,1436,1367,1394]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">S. lignarius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in being a thicker shell, in having a more conical shape, the aperture is narrower and less expanded anteriorly, the spiral grooves on the last whorl are more widely spaced, the outer lip rises further above the apex adapically, and the columellar callus is a little thicker (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C4D091AFDA9FA22FC8E71A0" author="Landau, B. M. &amp; Harzhauser, M., I &amp; Silva, C. M. da" box="[547,820,1475,1502]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="3 - 584" refId="ref111478" refString="Landau, B. M., Harzhauser, M., I ˙ slamog ˇ lu, Y. &amp; Silva, C. M. da (2013) Systematics and palaeobiogeography of the gastropods of the middle Miocene (Serravallian) Karaman Basin, Turkey. Cainozoic Research, 11 - 13, 3 - 584." type="journal article" year="2013">
Landau 
<emphasis id="B912EA982C4D091AFD0AFA25FD0271A3" box="[640,696,1475,1501]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">et al.</emphasis>
2013: 335
</bibRefCitation>
). It is difficult to decide based on an internal mould, as the surface sculpture is not preserved, but the shape of the Azorean mould suggests that it represents 
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C4D091AFA8AFA09FA3B727F" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1766" box="[1280,1409,1511,1538]" class="Gastropoda" family="Scaphandridae" genus="Scaphander" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lignarius">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C4D091AFA8AFA09FA3B727F" box="[1280,1409,1511,1538]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">S. lignarius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37C65012C4D091AFF4DF9EAFE1E73A8" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C4D091AFF4DF9EAFE1E73A8" blockId="95.[151,1437,1079,2006]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C4D091AFF4DF9EAFEDA7258" bold="true" box="[199,352,1547,1574]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Distribution.</emphasis>
Lower Pliocene: North Sea Basin, Coralline Crag, 
<collectingCountry id="F371761A2C4D091AFC3DF9EAFBAE725B" box="[951,1044,1547,1573]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">England</collectingCountry>
(S.V. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C4D091AFBD5F9EAFB5C7258" author="Wood, S. V." box="[1119,1254,1547,1574]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="1 - 208" refId="ref129170" refString="Wood, S. V. (1848) A Monograph of the Crag Mollusca or, descriptions of shells from the middle and upper tertiaries of the east of England. Part 1. Univalves. Monograph of the Palaeontographical Society of London, 1, i - xii + 1 - 208, 21 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 02693445.1847.12089320" type="journal article" year="1848">Wood 1848</bibRefCitation>
; Harmer 1923), Kattendijk Formation, 
<collectingCountry id="F371761A2C4D091AFE16F9CEFE467237" box="[412,508,1583,1609]" name="Belgium" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Belgium</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C4D091AFD87F9D1FD7B7237" author="Marquet, R." box="[525,705,1583,1610]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="69 - 149" refId="ref114017" refString="Marquet, R. (1997 b) Pliocene gastropod faunas from Kallo (Oost-Vlaanderen, Belgium), 3 - 4. Caenogastropoda: Aporrhaidae to Muricidae (3); Buccinidae to Helicidae (4). Contributions to Tertiary and Quaternary Geology, 34, 69 - 149." type="journal article" year="1997">Marquet 1997b</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C4D091AFD44F9CEFCA37237" author="Marquet, R." box="[718,793,1583,1609]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="263 - 287" refId="ref114105" refString="Marquet, R. (1998 b) The Pliocene turrid gastropods of Belgium. 2. Conidae (genera Asthenotoma, Comarmondia, Cytharella, Mangelia, Lusitanops, Raphitoma and Philbertia). Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Sciences de la Terre, 68, 263 - 287." type="journal article" year="1998">1998b</bibRefCitation>
); Atlantic, NW 
<collectingCountry id="F371761A2C4D091AFC5AF9D1FBA67234" box="[976,1052,1584,1610]" name="France" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">France</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C4D091AFBA7F9CEFB777237" author="Brebion, P." box="[1069,1229,1583,1609]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" refId="ref95589" refString="Brebion, P. (1964) Les gasteropodes du Redonien et leur signification. Vols. 1 - 2. The`se de doctorat e`s-Sciences. Faculte des Sciences de l'Universite de Paris, Paris, 775 pp., 15 pls. [27 June 1964, unpublished]" type="book" year="1964">Brébion 1964</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C4D091AFB56F9CEFF697210" author="Ceulemans, L. Van &amp; Landau, B. M." pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="89 - 176" refId="ref97876" refString="Ceulemans, L. Van Dingenen, F. &amp; Landau, B. M. (2018) The lower Pliocene gastropods of Le Pigeon Blanc (Loire-Atlantique, northwest France). Part 5. Neogastropoda (Conoidea) and Heterobranchia (fine). Cainozoic Research, 18 (2), 89 - 176." type="journal article" year="2018">
Ceulemans 
<emphasis id="B912EA982C4D091AFAE8F9D1FA277237" box="[1378,1437,1583,1609]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">et al.</emphasis>
2018
</bibRefCitation>
), Santa Maria Island, Azores (Bronn in 
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C4D091AFD14F9B2FCA57213" author="Reiss, W." box="[670,799,1619,1645]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="1 - 48" refId="ref122153" refString="Reiss, W. (1862) Mittheilungen u ¨ ber die tertia ¨ ren Schichten von Santa Maria, der su ¨ dlichsten der Azoren, und ihre organischen Einschlu ¨ sse. Nebst Beschreibung dieser letzten und Abbildung der neuen Arten, von H. G. Bronn. Neues Jahrbuch fu ¨ r Mineralogie, Geognosie, Geologie und Petrefactunkunde, 1862, 1 - 48." type="journal article" year="1862">Reiss 1862</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C4D091AFCA7F9B5FC017213" author="Mayer, K." box="[813,955,1619,1646]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" refId="ref114600" refString="Mayer, K. (1864). Die Tertiar-fauna der Azoren und Madeiren. Zurich, published by the author. Z ¸ rich: vi + 107 pp. + 7 pls." type="book" year="1864">Mayer 1864</bibRefCitation>
), Guadalquivir Basin, 
<collectingCountry id="F371761A2C4D091AFB37F9B2FB477213" box="[1213,1277,1619,1645]" name="Spain" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Spain</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C4D091AFA87F9B2FEAF72EC" author="Ruiz Munoz, F. &amp; Gonzalez-Regalado Montero, M. L. &amp; Redondo Sanz, J. L." pageId="95" pageNumber="96" refId="ref122948" refString="Ruiz Munoz, F., Gonzalez-Regalado Montero, M. L. &amp; Redondo Sanz, J. L. (1997) Guiia de foisiles del sur de la provincia de Huelva. Imprenta Diputacioin, Diputacioin Provincial de Huelva, 204 pp." type="book" year="1997">
Ruiz Muñoz 
<emphasis id="B912EA982C4D091AFF1DF999FF7072EF" box="[151,202,1655,1681]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">et al</emphasis>
. 1997
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C4D091AFEA8F996FE4672EC" author="Landau, B. M. &amp; Silva, C. M. da &amp; Mayoral, E." box="[290,508,1655,1682]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="1 - 90" refId="ref111893" refString="Landau, B. M., Silva, C. M. da &amp; Mayoral, E. (2011) The lower Pliocene gastropods of the Huelva Sands Formation, Guadalquivir Basin, southwestern Spain. Palaeofocus, 4, 1 - 90." type="journal article" year="2011">
Landau 
<emphasis id="B912EA982C4D091AFEF5F999FE0872EF" box="[383,434,1655,1681]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">et al</emphasis>
. 2011
</bibRefCitation>
); central Mediterranean, 
<collectingCountry id="F371761A2C4D091AFC90F996FCF772EF" box="[794,845,1655,1681]" name="Italy" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Italy</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C4D091AFCD7F999FC5F72EC" author="Sacco, F." box="[861,997,1656,1682]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" refId="ref123345" refString="Sacco, F. (1897) I molluschi dei terreni terziarii del Piemonte e della Liguria. 22. Gasteropoda (fine) (Pleurotomariidae, Scissurellidae, Haliotidae, Fissurellidae, Tecturidae, Patellidae, Oocorythidae, Cyclophoridae, Cyclostomidae, Aciculidae, Truncatellidae, Actaeonidae, Tornatinidae, Scaphandridae, Bullidae, Cyclichnidae, Philenidae, Umbrellidae). Pulmonata (Testacellidae, Limacidae, Vitrinidae, Helicidae, Pupidae, Stenogyridae, Succineidae, Auriculidae, Limnaeidae, Physidae; Siphonariidae). Amphineura (Chitonidae). Scaphopoda (Dentaliidae). Carlo Clausen, Torino, 148 pp., 10 pls." type="book" year="1897">Sacco 1897</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C4D091AFC79F996FBC272EC" author="Chirli, C." box="[1011,1144,1655,1682]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" refId="ref98287" refString="Chirli, C. (2013) Malacofauna Pliocenica Toscana. Vol. 9. Gastropoda fine Scaphopoda. Chirli, C., Firenze, 169 pp., 24 pls." type="book" year="2013">Chirli 2013</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C4D091AFB0FF996FA2B72EC" author="Brunetti, M. M. &amp; Cresti, M." box="[1157,1425,1655,1682]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" refId="ref96603" refString="Brunetti, M. M. &amp; Cresti, M. (2018) I fossili di Orciano Pisano. Atlante iconografico. Edizioni Danaus, Palermo, 232 pp." type="book" year="2018">Brunetti &amp; Cresti 2018</bibRefCitation>
). Upper Pliocene: North Sea Basin, Red Crag, 
<collectingCountry id="F371761A2C4D091AFD07F97AFD5072CB" box="[653,746,1691,1717]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">England</collectingCountry>
(S.V. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C4D091AFCA4F97AFC0872C8" author="Wood, S. V." box="[814,946,1691,1718]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="1 - 208" refId="ref129170" refString="Wood, S. V. (1848) A Monograph of the Crag Mollusca or, descriptions of shells from the middle and upper tertiaries of the east of England. Part 1. Univalves. Monograph of the Palaeontographical Society of London, 1, i - xii + 1 - 208, 21 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 02693445.1847.12089320" type="journal article" year="1848">Wood 1848</bibRefCitation>
; Harmer 1923), Oorderen Sands Formation, 
<collectingCountry id="F371761A2C4D091AFF1DF95EFF4D72A7" box="[151,247,1727,1753]" name="Belgium" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Belgium</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C4D091AFE82F921FE0072A7" author="Marquet, R." box="[264,442,1727,1754]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="69 - 149" refId="ref114017" refString="Marquet, R. (1997 b) Pliocene gastropod faunas from Kallo (Oost-Vlaanderen, Belgium), 3 - 4. Caenogastropoda: Aporrhaidae to Muricidae (3); Buccinidae to Helicidae (4). Contributions to Tertiary and Quaternary Geology, 34, 69 - 149." type="journal article" year="1997">Marquet 1997b</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C4D091AFE4DF95EFDAB72A7" author="Marquet, R." box="[455,529,1727,1753]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="263 - 287" refId="ref114105" refString="Marquet, R. (1998 b) The Pliocene turrid gastropods of Belgium. 2. Conidae (genera Asthenotoma, Comarmondia, Cytharella, Mangelia, Lusitanops, Raphitoma and Philbertia). Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Sciences de la Terre, 68, 263 - 287." type="journal article" year="1998">1998b</bibRefCitation>
); western Mediterranean, Estepona Basin (NHMW collection), southern 
<collectingCountry id="F371761A2C4D091AFADAF921FA2672A4" box="[1360,1436,1728,1754]" name="France" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">France</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C4D091AFF15F902FE157280" author="Chirli, C. &amp; Richard, C." box="[159,431,1763,1790]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" refId="ref98392" refString="Chirli, C. &amp; Richard, C. (2008) Les mollusques plaisanciens de la Co ˆ te d'Azur. Chirli, C., Tavarnelle, 128 pp., 25 pls." type="book" year="2008">Chirli &amp; Richard 2008</bibRefCitation>
); central Mediterranean, 
<collectingCountry id="F371761A2C4D091AFD59F902FCBC7283" box="[723,774,1763,1789]" name="Italy" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Italy</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C4D091AFC93F905FC1E7280" author="Sacco, F." box="[793,932,1764,1790]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" refId="ref123345" refString="Sacco, F. (1897) I molluschi dei terreni terziarii del Piemonte e della Liguria. 22. Gasteropoda (fine) (Pleurotomariidae, Scissurellidae, Haliotidae, Fissurellidae, Tecturidae, Patellidae, Oocorythidae, Cyclophoridae, Cyclostomidae, Aciculidae, Truncatellidae, Actaeonidae, Tornatinidae, Scaphandridae, Bullidae, Cyclichnidae, Philenidae, Umbrellidae). Pulmonata (Testacellidae, Limacidae, Vitrinidae, Helicidae, Pupidae, Stenogyridae, Succineidae, Auriculidae, Limnaeidae, Physidae; Siphonariidae). Amphineura (Chitonidae). Scaphopoda (Dentaliidae). Carlo Clausen, Torino, 148 pp., 10 pls." type="book" year="1897">Sacco 1897</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C4D091AFC3EF902FBDD7280" author="Malatesta, A." box="[948,1127,1763,1790]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="1 - 498" refId="ref113889" refString="Malatesta, A. (1974) Malacofauna pliocenica Umbra. Memorie per Servire alla Carta Geologica d'Italia, 13, 1 - 498." type="journal article" year="1974">Malatesta 1974</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C4D091AFBFDF902FA2D7280" author="Cavallo, O. &amp; Repetto, G." box="[1143,1431,1763,1790]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="1 - 251" refId="ref97403" refString="Cavallo, O. &amp; Repetto, G. (1992) Conchiglie fossili del Roero. Atlante iconografico. Associazione Naturalistica Piemontese Memorie (Associazione Amici del Museo ' Federico Eusebio'), 2, 1 - 251." type="journal article" year="1992">Cavallo &amp; Repetto 1992</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C4D091AFF1DF8E9FE68735C" author="Sosso, M. &amp; Dell'Angelo, B." box="[151,466,1799,1826]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" refId="ref125160" refString="Sosso, M. &amp; Dell'Angelo, B. (2010) I fossili del Rio Torsero. Editing Marginalia, Cartotectonica Beusi srl, Prato, 95 pp." type="book" year="2010">Sosso &amp; Dell’Angelo 2010</bibRefCitation>
). Pliocene (indeterminate): North Sea Basin, 
<collectingCountry id="F371761A2C4D091AFC52F8E6FBE5735F" box="[984,1119,1799,1825]" name="Netherlands" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Netherlands</collectingCountry>
(van 
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C4D091AFB28F8E9FF69733B" author="Regteren Altena, C. O. van &amp; Bloklander, A. &amp; Pouderoyen, L. P." pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="1 - 9" refId="ref122060" refString="Regteren Altena, C. O. van, Bloklander, A. &amp; Pouderoyen, L. P. (1964) De fossiele schelpen van de Nederlandse stranden en zeegaten, 6. Basteria, 28, 1 - 9." type="journal article" year="1964">
Regteren Altena 
<emphasis id="B912EA982C4D091AFAE8F8E9FA2F735F" box="[1378,1429,1799,1825]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">et al</emphasis>
. 1964
</bibRefCitation>
). Upper Pliocene-Pleistocene: Atlantic, northwestern 
<collectingCountry id="F371761A2C4D091AFCC2F8CDFC2E7338" box="[840,916,1836,1862]" name="France" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">France</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C4D091AFC22F8CAFBF7733B" author="Brebion, P." box="[936,1101,1835,1861]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" refId="ref95589" refString="Brebion, P. (1964) Les gasteropodes du Redonien et leur signification. Vols. 1 - 2. The`se de doctorat e`s-Sciences. Faculte des Sciences de l'Universite de Paris, Paris, 775 pp., 15 pls. [27 June 1964, unpublished]" type="book" year="1964">Brébion 1964</bibRefCitation>
). Lower Pleistocene: central Mediterranean, 
<collectingCountry id="F371761A2C4D091AFECDF8AEFEC07317" box="[327,378,1871,1897]" name="Italy" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Italy</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C4D091AFE02F8AEFDE07314" author="Cerulli-Irelli, S." box="[392,602,1871,1898]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="23 - 70" refId="ref97575" refString="Cerulli-Irelli, S. (1910) Fauna Malacologica Mariana Parte Quarta. Scaphopoda: - Dentalidae. Gastropoda: - Stenogyridae, Gadiniidae, Acteonidae, Tornatinidae, Scaphandridae, Bullidae, Ringiculidae, Philinidae, Umbrellidae, Conidae, Pleurotomidae. Palaeontographia Italica, 16, 23 - 70 (215 - 262), pls. 3 - 6 (34 - 37)." type="journal article" year="1910">Cerulli-Irelli 1910</bibRefCitation>
); eastern Mediterranean, Rhodes Island (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C4D091AFB94F8AEFABE7314" author="Chirli, C. &amp; Linse, U." box="[1054,1284,1871,1898]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" refId="ref98351" refString="Chirli, C. &amp; Linse, U. (2011) The Pleistocene marine Gastropods of Rhodes Island (Greece). Grafiche PDB, Tavarnelle V. P., Firenze, 262 pp., 90 pls." type="book" year="2011">Chirli &amp; Linse 2011</bibRefCitation>
). Pleistocene: Atlantic, 
<collectingCountry id="F371761A2C4D091AFE89F892FED973F3" box="[259,355,1907,1933]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">England</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F371761A2C4D091AFEF8F892FE7B73F3" box="[370,449,1907,1933]" name="Ireland" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Ireland</collectingCountry>
(Harmer 1923); central Mediterranean, 
<collectingCountry id="F371761A2C4D091AFC1EF892FC7D73F3" box="[916,967,1907,1933]" name="Italy" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Italy</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C4D091AFC53F892FB2F73F3" author="Malatesta A." box="[985,1173,1907,1933]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" refId="ref113854" refString="Malatesta A. (1960) Malacofauna pleistocenica di Grammichele (Sicilia). Memorie per servire alla descrizione della carta Geologica Italiana. XII. Servizio Geologico d'Italia, Roma, 392 pp." type="book" year="1960">Malatesta, 1960</bibRefCitation>
). Present-day: 
<collectingCountry id="F371761A2C4D091AFAC9F892FA2273F3" box="[1347,1432,1907,1933]" name="Iceland" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Iceland</collectingCountry>
, Scandinavia, British Isles, northeastern Atlantic frontage to 
<collectingCountry id="F371761A2C4D091AFCA6F876FC3473CF" box="[812,910,1943,1969]" name="Portugal" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Portugal</collectingCountry>
, Mediterranean, NW Africa and Canary Islands (T.E. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C4D091AFF5FF85AFE2D73A8" author="Thompson, T. E." box="[213,407,1979,2006]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" refId="ref126846" refString="Thompson, T. E. (1988) Molluscs: Benthic opisthobranchs (Mollusca: Gastropoda). In: Kermack, D. M. &amp; Barnes, R. S. K (Eds.), Synopses of the British Fauna. New Series. Vol. 8. 2 nd Edition. E. Brill, J. &amp; Dr. Backhuys, W., Leiden, 356 pp." type="book" year="1988">Thompson, 1988</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>