treatments-xml/data/03/C4/1A/03C41A4F5D1F60262A80401CCD392AB2.xml

<document ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5258.1.2" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7773275" ID-ZooBank="D5B78BB6-E7AB-4CB8-B202-AA617E06F915" approvalRequired="9" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="5" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="1" approvalRequired_for_treatments="3" checkinTime="1679898889705" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Srinivasan, Pandiarajan, Sivaruban, T., Barathy, S. &amp; Isack, Rajasekaran" docDate="2023" docId="03C41A4F5D1F60262A80401CCD392AB2" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5258.1.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5258 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5258.1.2" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Caenis maduraiensis Balasubramanian and Muthukatturaja 2021" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="44" masterDocId="FFFD62375D1C60232A174607CF3D287F" masterDocTitle="Contribution to the knowledge of family Caenidae (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) from Madurai District, Tamil Nadu" masterLastPageNumber="75" masterPageNumber="39" pageNumber="42" updateTime="1679899625077" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title>Contribution to the knowledge of family Caenidae (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) from Madurai District, Tamil Nadu</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Srinivasan, Pandiarajan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>PG &amp; Research department of Zoology, The American College (affiliated to Madurai Kamaraj University), Madurai- 625002, India. Department of Zoology, Fatima College (affiliated to Madurai Kamaraj University), Madurai- 625018, India. barathyruban @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9464 - 6464 &amp; srini 15.05.1996 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 8118 - 3256</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Sivaruban, T.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>PG &amp; Research department of Zoology, The American College (affiliated to Madurai Kamaraj University), Madurai- 625002, India. Department of Zoology, Fatima College (affiliated to Madurai Kamaraj University), Madurai- 625018, India. barathyruban @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9464 - 6464</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Barathy, S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Isack, Rajasekaran</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>PG &amp; Research department of Zoology, The American College (affiliated to Madurai Kamaraj University), Madurai- 625002, India. Department of Zoology, Fatima College (affiliated to Madurai Kamaraj University), Madurai- 625018, India. barathyruban @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9464 - 6464 &amp; iceisack 143 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9952 - 4335</mods:affiliation>
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<paragraph blockId="3.[151,976,1563,1625]" box="[151,976,1563,1590]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
<heading bold="true" box="[151,976,1563,1590]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" reason="1">
<taxonomicName authority="Balasubramanian and Muthukatturaja, 2021" authorityName="Balasubramanian and Muthukatturaja" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,976,1563,1590]" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" genus="Caenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maduraiensis">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,976,1563,1590]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,405,1563,1590]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Caenis maduraiensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Balasubramanian, C. &amp; Muthukatturaja, M." box="[412,976,1563,1589]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" pagination="377 - 388" refId="ref17247" refString="Balasubramanian, C. &amp; Muthukatturaja, M. (2021) Two additional new species of Clypeocaenis Soldan, 1978 (Ephemeroptera: Caenidae) from the Western Ghats of Peninsular India. Zootaxa, 4915 (3), 377 - 388. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4915.3.6" type="journal article" year="2021">Balasubramanian and Muthukatturaja, 2021</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection box="[151,288,1599,1625]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,976,1563,1625]" box="[151,288,1599,1625]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
(
<figureCitation box="[159,280,1599,1625]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 8–15" captionStart-1="FIGURES 16–19" captionStartId-0="4.[152,270,1745,1769]" captionStartId-1="5.[152,270,1673,1697]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,813,1721]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,741,1649]" captionTargetId-0="figure-296@4.[151,1436,813,1721]" captionTargetId-1="figure-264@5.[151,1436,741,1649]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionText-0="FIGURES 8–15. Caenis maduraiensis Balasubramanian and Muthukatturaja, 2021: (8) male imago (holotype); (9) head of male imago; (10) forceps; (11) forefemur of larval exuvia; (12) hindfemur of larval exuvia; (13) hindclaw; (14) sternum IX of male larval exuvia; (15) shagreen field in the dorsal surface of sternum IX." captionText-1="FIGURES 16–19. SEM view of eggs of Caenis maduraiensis Balasubramanian and Muthukatturaja, 2021: (16, 17) entire view; (18) epithemata; (19) closer view of chorion." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773282" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773284" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7773282/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7773284/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Figs. 8–19</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="42" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1437,1671,2022]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,395,1671,1697]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Materials examined.</emphasis>
Photos of 
<typeStatus box="[514,610,1672,1698]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">paratype</typeStatus>
provided by Zoological Survey of 
<collectingCountry box="[1001,1059,1671,1697]" name="India" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">India</collectingCountry>
(
<collectionCode box="[1073,1120,1671,1697]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">ZSI</collectionCode>
), Southern Regional Centre, Chennai, 
<collectingCountry box="[260,321,1707,1733]" name="India" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">India</collectingCountry>
. 2 L-S-IJ (
<collectionCode box="[454,521,1707,1733]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2xyg-zxc2" name="Department of Biologics Research" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">AMC</collectionCode>
/ZN/199), 2 L-S-I 
<specimenCount box="[730,744,1707,1733]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode box="[760,826,1707,1733]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2xyg-zxc2" name="Department of Biologics Research" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">AMC</collectionCode>
/ZN/200), South 
<collectingCountry box="[1019,1079,1707,1733]" name="India" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">India</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion box="[1092,1228,1707,1733]" country="India" name="Tamil Nadu" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Tamil Nadu</collectingRegion>
, Madurai District, Vaigai river, 
<geoCoordinate box="[295,432,1745,1772]" degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="08" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" precision="15" seconds="32" value="10.142222">10°08′32′′N</geoCoordinate>
, 77°93′20′′E, 
<quantity box="[588,662,1743,1770]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.92" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" unit="m" value="192.0">192 m</quantity>
; 
<materialsCitation box="[674,1135,1743,1770]" collectingDate="2020-10-03" collectionCode="R" collectorName="P. Srinivasan" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" specimenCount="1">
<date box="[674,780,1743,1769]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" value="2020-10-03">
<collectingDate box="[674,780,1743,1769]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" value="2020-10-03">3.X.2020</collectingDate>
</date>
, colls. 
<collectorName box="[859,1003,1743,1770]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">P. Srinivasan</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectionCode box="[1039,1061,1744,1770]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">R</collectionCode>
. Isack
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1437,1671,2022]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,151,789]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,322,1779,1805]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Balasubramanian and Muthukatturaja" authorityYear="2021" box="[334,575,1779,1806]" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" genus="Caenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maduraiensis">
<emphasis box="[334,575,1779,1806]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Caenis maduraiensis</emphasis>
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can be distinguished from all other Indian representatives of 
<taxonomicName box="[1318,1396,1780,1806]" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" genus="Caenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1318,1396,1780,1806]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Caenis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the following combination of characters, in the imago: 1) base of antennal flagellum not dilated; 2) foremargin between lateral and frontal ocelli slightly bowed (
<figureCitation box="[710,779,1851,1877]" captionStart="FIGURES 8–15" captionStartId="4.[152,270,1745,1769]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,813,1721]" captionTargetId="figure-296@4.[151,1436,813,1721]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 8–15. Caenis maduraiensis Balasubramanian and Muthukatturaja, 2021: (8) male imago (holotype); (9) head of male imago; (10) forceps; (11) forefemur of larval exuvia; (12) hindfemur of larval exuvia; (13) hindclaw; (14) sternum IX of male larval exuvia; (15) shagreen field in the dorsal surface of sternum IX." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773282" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773282/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
); 3) foretarsus segment 2 with an apico-median projection (
<bibRefCitation author="Balasubramanian, C. &amp; Muthukatturaja, M." box="[158,649,1887,1913]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" pagination="377 - 388" refId="ref17247" refString="Balasubramanian, C. &amp; Muthukatturaja, M. (2021) Two additional new species of Clypeocaenis Soldan, 1978 (Ephemeroptera: Caenidae) from the Western Ghats of Peninsular India. Zootaxa, 4915 (3), 377 - 388. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4915.3.6" type="journal article" year="2021">Muthukatturaja and Balasubramanian 2021</bibRefCitation>
; 
<figureCitation box="[661,745,1887,1913]" captionStart="FIGURES 24–27" captionStartId="7.[152,270,1421,1445]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,489,1396]" captionTargetId="figure-141@7.[151,1436,489,1397]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 24–27. Male imago of Caenis kaegies sp. n.: (24) prosternal triangle; (25) foretarsus; (26) male genitalia; (27) forceps." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773288" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773288/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
); 3) penis broad, with rounded lobes of moderate length (
<figureCitation captionStart="FIGURES 8–15" captionStartId="4.[152,270,1745,1769]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,813,1721]" captionTargetId="figure-296@4.[151,1436,813,1721]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 8–15. Caenis maduraiensis Balasubramanian and Muthukatturaja, 2021: (8) male imago (holotype); (9) head of male imago; (10) forceps; (11) forefemur of larval exuvia; (12) hindfemur of larval exuvia; (13) hindclaw; (14) sternum IX of male larval exuvia; (15) shagreen field in the dorsal surface of sternum IX." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773282" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773282/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
); 4) forceps marginally narrowed to the tip, with a short spine bent medially and basally with a small rounded bulging in the outer margin (
<figureCitation box="[471,554,1959,1985]" captionStart="FIGURES 8–15" captionStartId="4.[152,270,1745,1769]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,813,1721]" captionTargetId="figure-296@4.[151,1436,813,1721]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 8–15. Caenis maduraiensis Balasubramanian and Muthukatturaja, 2021: (8) male imago (holotype); (9) head of male imago; (10) forceps; (11) forefemur of larval exuvia; (12) hindfemur of larval exuvia; (13) hindclaw; (14) sternum IX of male larval exuvia; (15) shagreen field in the dorsal surface of sternum IX." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773282" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773282/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
). Larva: 1) cuticle of femora of all legs light brownish-ochre, with diffuse light and darker areas; tibiae and tarsi light brownish-ochre (
<figureCitation box="[768,849,1995,2021]" captionStart="FIGURES 8–15" captionStartId="4.[152,270,1745,1769]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,813,1721]" captionTargetId="figure-296@4.[151,1436,813,1721]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 8–15. Caenis maduraiensis Balasubramanian and Muthukatturaja, 2021: (8) male imago (holotype); (9) head of male imago; (10) forceps; (11) forefemur of larval exuvia; (12) hindfemur of larval exuvia; (13) hindclaw; (14) sternum IX of male larval exuvia; (15) shagreen field in the dorsal surface of sternum IX." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773282" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773282/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
); 2) forefemur with a transverse row of 6–7 strongly developed spatulate setae on ¾ of distal region (
<figureCitation box="[689,771,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURES 8–15" captionStartId="4.[152,270,1745,1769]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,813,1721]" captionTargetId="figure-296@4.[151,1436,813,1721]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 8–15. Caenis maduraiensis Balasubramanian and Muthukatturaja, 2021: (8) male imago (holotype); (9) head of male imago; (10) forceps; (11) forefemur of larval exuvia; (12) hindfemur of larval exuvia; (13) hindclaw; (14) sternum IX of male larval exuvia; (15) shagreen field in the dorsal surface of sternum IX." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773282" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773282/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
); 3) proximal inner margin of forefemur with a row of long hair-like bristles (
<figureCitation box="[349,430,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 8–15" captionStartId="4.[152,270,1745,1769]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,813,1721]" captionTargetId="figure-296@4.[151,1436,813,1721]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 8–15. Caenis maduraiensis Balasubramanian and Muthukatturaja, 2021: (8) male imago (holotype); (9) head of male imago; (10) forceps; (11) forefemur of larval exuvia; (12) hindfemur of larval exuvia; (13) hindclaw; (14) sternum IX of male larval exuvia; (15) shagreen field in the dorsal surface of sternum IX." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773282" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773282/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
); 4) hindclaw with a row of very fine microdenticles (
<figureCitation box="[1038,1120,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 8–15" captionStartId="4.[152,270,1745,1769]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,813,1721]" captionTargetId="figure-296@4.[151,1436,813,1721]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 8–15. Caenis maduraiensis Balasubramanian and Muthukatturaja, 2021: (8) male imago (holotype); (9) head of male imago; (10) forceps; (11) forefemur of larval exuvia; (12) hindfemur of larval exuvia; (13) hindclaw; (14) sternum IX of male larval exuvia; (15) shagreen field in the dorsal surface of sternum IX." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773282" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773282/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
); 5) hind margin of sternum IX posteriorly protruding and triangular rounded on the apex (
<figureCitation box="[866,951,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURES 8–15" captionStartId="4.[152,270,1745,1769]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,813,1721]" captionTargetId="figure-296@4.[151,1436,813,1721]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 8–15. Caenis maduraiensis Balasubramanian and Muthukatturaja, 2021: (8) male imago (holotype); (9) head of male imago; (10) forceps; (11) forefemur of larval exuvia; (12) hindfemur of larval exuvia; (13) hindclaw; (14) sternum IX of male larval exuvia; (15) shagreen field in the dorsal surface of sternum IX." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773282" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773282/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
). Egg: 1) chorion strongly pored with two epithemata of coiled-rope-type with numerous small terminal knobs, located at the poles (
<figureCitation box="[1182,1267,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURES 16–19" captionStartId="5.[152,270,1673,1697]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,741,1649]" captionTargetId="figure-264@5.[151,1436,741,1649]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 16–19. SEM view of eggs of Caenis maduraiensis Balasubramanian and Muthukatturaja, 2021: (16, 17) entire view; (18) epithemata; (19) closer view of chorion." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773284" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773284/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
); 2) micropyle short and triangular.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="4.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,541,330,357]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Additions to the description.</emphasis>
Detailed descriptions of the imago and larva of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Balasubramanian and Muthukatturaja" authorityYear="2021" box="[1088,1324,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" genus="Caenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maduraiensis">
<emphasis box="[1088,1324,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Caenis maduraiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are given by 
<bibRefCitation author="Balasubramanian, C. &amp; Muthukatturaja, M." box="[185,687,367,393]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" pagination="377 - 388" refId="ref17247" refString="Balasubramanian, C. &amp; Muthukatturaja, M. (2021) Two additional new species of Clypeocaenis Soldan, 1978 (Ephemeroptera: Caenidae) from the Western Ghats of Peninsular India. Zootaxa, 4915 (3), 377 - 388. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4915.3.6" type="journal article" year="2021">Muthukatturaja and Balasubramanian (2021)</bibRefCitation>
. However, several important diagnostic characters of the imago and larva were not described in the original description.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="4.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,339,438,465]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Male imago</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation box="[354,422,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURES 8–15" captionStartId="4.[152,270,1745,1769]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,813,1721]" captionTargetId="figure-296@4.[151,1436,813,1721]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 8–15. Caenis maduraiensis Balasubramanian and Muthukatturaja, 2021: (8) male imago (holotype); (9) head of male imago; (10) forceps; (11) forefemur of larval exuvia; (12) hindfemur of larval exuvia; (13) hindclaw; (14) sternum IX of male larval exuvia; (15) shagreen field in the dorsal surface of sternum IX." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773282" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773282/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
). Foremargin between lateral and frontal ocelli slightly bowed (
<figureCitation box="[1132,1200,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURES 8–15" captionStartId="4.[152,270,1745,1769]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,813,1721]" captionTargetId="figure-296@4.[151,1436,813,1721]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 8–15. Caenis maduraiensis Balasubramanian and Muthukatturaja, 2021: (8) male imago (holotype); (9) head of male imago; (10) forceps; (11) forefemur of larval exuvia; (12) hindfemur of larval exuvia; (13) hindclaw; (14) sternum IX of male larval exuvia; (15) shagreen field in the dorsal surface of sternum IX." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773282" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773282/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
). Forceps marginally narrowed to the tip, with a short spine bent medially and basally with a small rounded bulging in the outer margin (
<figureCitation box="[159,243,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURES 8–15" captionStartId="4.[152,270,1745,1769]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,813,1721]" captionTargetId="figure-296@4.[151,1436,813,1721]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 8–15. Caenis maduraiensis Balasubramanian and Muthukatturaja, 2021: (8) male imago (holotype); (9) head of male imago; (10) forceps; (11) forefemur of larval exuvia; (12) hindfemur of larval exuvia; (13) hindclaw; (14) sternum IX of male larval exuvia; (15) shagreen field in the dorsal surface of sternum IX." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773282" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773282/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="4.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,279,547,573]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Larva.</emphasis>
Legs. Cuticular coloration: Femora of all legs light brownish-ochre, with diffuse light and darker areas; tibiae and tarsi light brownish-ochre. Foreleg. Femur with a transverse row of 6–7 strongly developed spatulate setae on ¾ of distal region (
<figureCitation box="[477,561,619,645]" captionStart="FIGURES 8–15" captionStartId="4.[152,270,1745,1769]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,813,1721]" captionTargetId="figure-296@4.[151,1436,813,1721]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 8–15. Caenis maduraiensis Balasubramanian and Muthukatturaja, 2021: (8) male imago (holotype); (9) head of male imago; (10) forceps; (11) forefemur of larval exuvia; (12) hindfemur of larval exuvia; (13) hindclaw; (14) sternum IX of male larval exuvia; (15) shagreen field in the dorsal surface of sternum IX." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773282" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773282/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
), row of long hair-like bristles present on 1/3 of the proximal inner margin. Hindleg. Dorsal surface of femur with only a few spatulate setae on the proximal half (
<figureCitation box="[1118,1201,655,681]" captionStart="FIGURES 8–15" captionStartId="4.[152,270,1745,1769]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,813,1721]" captionTargetId="figure-296@4.[151,1436,813,1721]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 8–15. Caenis maduraiensis Balasubramanian and Muthukatturaja, 2021: (8) male imago (holotype); (9) head of male imago; (10) forceps; (11) forefemur of larval exuvia; (12) hindfemur of larval exuvia; (13) hindclaw; (14) sternum IX of male larval exuvia; (15) shagreen field in the dorsal surface of sternum IX." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773282" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773282/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
). Claw with a row of very fine microdenticles, subequal in size (
<figureCitation box="[636,720,691,717]" captionStart="FIGURES 8–15" captionStartId="4.[152,270,1745,1769]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,813,1721]" captionTargetId="figure-296@4.[151,1436,813,1721]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 8–15. Caenis maduraiensis Balasubramanian and Muthukatturaja, 2021: (8) male imago (holotype); (9) head of male imago; (10) forceps; (11) forefemur of larval exuvia; (12) hindfemur of larval exuvia; (13) hindclaw; (14) sternum IX of male larval exuvia; (15) shagreen field in the dorsal surface of sternum IX." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773282" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773282/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
). Abdomen. Hind margin of sternum IX posteriorly protruding, triangular, rounded on the apex (
<figureCitation box="[524,609,727,753]" captionStart="FIGURES 8–15" captionStartId="4.[152,270,1745,1769]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,813,1721]" captionTargetId="figure-296@4.[151,1436,813,1721]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 8–15. Caenis maduraiensis Balasubramanian and Muthukatturaja, 2021: (8) male imago (holotype); (9) head of male imago; (10) forceps; (11) forefemur of larval exuvia; (12) hindfemur of larval exuvia; (13) hindclaw; (14) sternum IX of male larval exuvia; (15) shagreen field in the dorsal surface of sternum IX." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773282" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773282/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
); shagreen on dorsal side of sternum IX with 6–7 irregular rows of very small denticles parallel to the hind margin (
<figureCitation box="[637,721,762,789]" captionStart="FIGURES 8–15" captionStartId="4.[152,270,1745,1769]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,813,1721]" captionTargetId="figure-296@4.[151,1436,813,1721]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 8–15. Caenis maduraiensis Balasubramanian and Muthukatturaja, 2021: (8) male imago (holotype); (9) head of male imago; (10) forceps; (11) forefemur of larval exuvia; (12) hindfemur of larval exuvia; (13) hindclaw; (14) sternum IX of male larval exuvia; (15) shagreen field in the dorsal surface of sternum IX." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773282" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773282/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773282" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7773282" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773282/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" startId="4.[152,270,1745,1769]" targetBox="[151,1436,813,1721]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph blockId="4.[151,1436,1745,1841]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[152,336,1745,1769]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">FIGURES 8–15.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authority="Balasubramanian and Muthukatturaja, 2021" authorityName="Balasubramanian and Muthukatturaja" authorityYear="2021" box="[344,1021,1745,1769]" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" genus="Caenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maduraiensis">
<emphasis box="[344,559,1745,1769]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Caenis maduraiensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Balasubramanian, C. &amp; Muthukatturaja, M." box="[567,1021,1745,1769]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" pagination="377 - 388" refId="ref17247" refString="Balasubramanian, C. &amp; Muthukatturaja, M. (2021) Two additional new species of Clypeocaenis Soldan, 1978 (Ephemeroptera: Caenidae) from the Western Ghats of Peninsular India. Zootaxa, 4915 (3), 377 - 388. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4915.3.6" type="journal article" year="2021">Balasubramanian and Muthukatturaja, 2021</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
: (8) male imago (holotype); (9) head of male imago; (10) forceps; (11) forefemur of larval exuvia; (12) hindfemur of larval exuvia; (13) hindclaw; (14) sternum IX of male larval exuvia; (15) shagreen field in the dorsal surface of sternum IX.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="4.[151,1436,1887,2022]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,246,1887,1913]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Egg</emphasis>
. Length: 105–110 μm; width: 45–55 μm. Elongated (
<figureCitation box="[855,940,1887,1913]" captionStart="FIGURES 16–19" captionStartId="5.[152,270,1673,1697]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,741,1649]" captionTargetId="figure-264@5.[151,1436,741,1649]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 16–19. SEM view of eggs of Caenis maduraiensis Balasubramanian and Muthukatturaja, 2021: (16, 17) entire view; (18) epithemata; (19) closer view of chorion." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773284" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773284/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
); chorion strongly pored (
<figureCitation box="[1237,1319,1887,1913]" captionStart="FIGURES 16–19" captionStartId="5.[152,270,1673,1697]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,741,1649]" captionTargetId="figure-264@5.[151,1436,741,1649]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 16–19. SEM view of eggs of Caenis maduraiensis Balasubramanian and Muthukatturaja, 2021: (16, 17) entire view; (18) epithemata; (19) closer view of chorion." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773284" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773284/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
) with two epithemata of coiled-rope-type with numerous small terminal knobs, located at the poles (
<figureCitation box="[1156,1239,1923,1949]" captionStart="FIGURES 16–19" captionStartId="5.[152,270,1673,1697]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,741,1649]" captionTargetId="figure-264@5.[151,1436,741,1649]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 16–19. SEM view of eggs of Caenis maduraiensis Balasubramanian and Muthukatturaja, 2021: (16, 17) entire view; (18) epithemata; (19) closer view of chorion." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773284" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773284/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
). Epithemata of a modified 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1853" box="[259,406,1959,1986]" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" genus="Clypeocaenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perpusilla">
<emphasis box="[259,406,1959,1986]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">C. perpusilla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subtype (
<figureCitation box="[515,598,1959,1985]" captionStart="FIGURES 16–19" captionStartId="5.[152,270,1673,1697]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,741,1649]" captionTargetId="figure-264@5.[151,1436,741,1649]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 16–19. SEM view of eggs of Caenis maduraiensis Balasubramanian and Muthukatturaja, 2021: (16, 17) entire view; (18) epithemata; (19) closer view of chorion." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773284" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773284/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
). Micropyle short and triangular.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="4.[151,1436,1887,2022]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1436,151,717]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,332,1995,2021]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Discussion.</emphasis>
Formerly Srinivasan 
<emphasis box="[598,662,1995,2021]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">et al.</emphasis>
(2021a), misidentified specimens of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Balasubramanian and Muthukatturaja" authorityYear="2021" box="[1115,1306,1995,2022]" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" genus="Caenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maduraiensis">
<emphasis box="[1115,1306,1995,2022]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">C. maduraiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Malzacher" authorityYear="2015" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" genus="Caenis" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="44" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigropunctatula">
<emphasis italics="true" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Caenis nigropunctatula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on the similar kind of genitalia of the male imago. However, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Balasubramanian and Muthukatturaja" authorityYear="2021" box="[1158,1347,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" genus="Caenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maduraiensis">
<emphasis box="[1158,1347,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">C. maduraiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Malzacher" authorityYear="2015" box="[381,598,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" genus="Caenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigropunctatula">
<emphasis box="[381,598,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">C. nigropunctatula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by, in imago, i) bowed foremargin between lateral and frontal ocelli, whereas, in 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Malzacher" authorityYear="2015" box="[289,502,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" genus="Caenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigropunctatula">
<emphasis box="[289,502,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">C. nigropunctatula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, fore margin between lateral and frontal ocelli straight (
<bibRefCitation author="Malzacher, P." box="[1143,1331,222,249]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" pagination="27 - 47" refId="ref17952" refString="Malzacher, P. (2015) Revision of the Oriental species of the genus Caenis Stephens (Insecta: Ephemeroptera: Caenidae). Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde A, Neue Serie, 8, 27 - 47." type="journal article" year="2015">Malzacher 2015</bibRefCitation>
; 
<figureCitation box="[1344,1422,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURES 4–7" captionStartId="3.[152,270,1421,1445]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,489,1397]" captionTargetId="figure-141@3.[151,1436,489,1397]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 4–7. SEM view of eggs of Caenis americani Srinivasan et al. 2021: (4) entire view; (5) epithemata; (6) closer view of chorion; (7) micropyle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773280" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773280/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">Fig. 4l</figureCitation>
); ii) basal part of the forceps with a small rounded bulging in the outer margin, whereas, in 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Malzacher" authorityYear="2015" box="[1179,1392,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" genus="Caenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigropunctatula">
<emphasis box="[1179,1392,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">C. nigropunctatula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, no bulging in the basal part of the forceps (
<bibRefCitation author="Malzacher, P." box="[610,798,294,321]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" pagination="27 - 47" refId="ref17952" refString="Malzacher, P. (2015) Revision of the Oriental species of the genus Caenis Stephens (Insecta: Ephemeroptera: Caenidae). Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde A, Neue Serie, 8, 27 - 47." type="journal article" year="2015">Malzacher 2015</bibRefCitation>
; 
<figureCitation box="[812,916,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–3" captionStartId="2.[152,270,1817,1841]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,883,1791]" captionTargetId="figure-276@2.[151,1436,883,1791]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–3. Caenis americani Srinivasan et al. 2021: (1) female imago; (2) head and thorax of larval exuvia (arrows indicate bulging in mesonotum); (3) hindleg of larval exuvia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773277" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773277/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">Fig. 1c–i</figureCitation>
). In larva, i) dorsal surface of forefemur with a transverse row of 6–7 strongly developed spatulate setae on ¾ of distal region, whereas, in 
<taxonomicName box="[1229,1429,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" genus="Caenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigropuctatula">
<emphasis box="[1229,1429,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">C. nigropuctatula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, no transverse row in the dorsal surface of forefemur (
<bibRefCitation author="Malzacher, P." box="[775,972,366,393]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" pagination="27 - 47" refId="ref17952" refString="Malzacher, P. (2015) Revision of the Oriental species of the genus Caenis Stephens (Insecta: Ephemeroptera: Caenidae). Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde A, Neue Serie, 8, 27 - 47." type="journal article" year="2015">Malzacher, 2015</bibRefCitation>
); ii) foreclaw without any denticulation, whereas, in 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Malzacher" authorityYear="2015" box="[292,506,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" genus="Caenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigropunctatula">
<emphasis box="[292,506,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">C. nigropunctatula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, foreclaw with a row of strong denticles (
<bibRefCitation author="Malzacher, P." box="[997,1186,402,429]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" pagination="27 - 47" refId="ref17952" refString="Malzacher, P. (2015) Revision of the Oriental species of the genus Caenis Stephens (Insecta: Ephemeroptera: Caenidae). Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde A, Neue Serie, 8, 27 - 47." type="journal article" year="2015">Malzacher 2015</bibRefCitation>
; 2d); iii) shagreen on dorsal side of sternum IX with 6–7 irregular rows of very small denticles parallel to the hind margin, whereas, in 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Malzacher" authorityYear="2015" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" genus="Caenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigropunctatula">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">C. nigropunctatula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, no shagreen field present on the sternum IX (
<bibRefCitation author="Malzacher, P." box="[850,1044,474,501]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" pagination="27 - 47" refId="ref17952" refString="Malzacher, P. (2015) Revision of the Oriental species of the genus Caenis Stephens (Insecta: Ephemeroptera: Caenidae). Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde A, Neue Serie, 8, 27 - 47." type="journal article" year="2015">Malzacher, 2015</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[199,824,510,537]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" type="distribution">
<paragraph blockId="5.[151,1436,151,717]" box="[199,824,510,537]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,352,510,537]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">Distribution.</emphasis>
Vaigai river, Madurai, 
<collectingRegion box="[612,747,511,537]" country="India" name="Tamil Nadu" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">Tamil Nadu</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry box="[759,820,511,537]" name="India" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">India</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="44" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph blockId="5.[151,1436,151,717]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,300,547,573]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">Ecology.</emphasis>
Larvae of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Balasubramanian and Muthukatturaja" authorityYear="2021" box="[423,659,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" genus="Caenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maduraiensis">
<emphasis box="[423,659,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">Caenis maduraiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were collected in the water temperature ranges between 24°C–26°C; pH 7.2–7.3. Substratum is mainly made of cobbles and pebbles. The larvae of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Balasubramanian and Muthukatturaja" authorityYear="2021" box="[1036,1272,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" genus="Caenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maduraiensis">
<emphasis box="[1036,1272,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">Caenis maduraiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shared habitat with 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kluge, Srinivasan, Vasanth, Sivaruban, Barathy &amp; Isack" authorityYear="2022" box="[206,553,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Choroterpes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latus" subGenus="Euthraulus">
<emphasis box="[206,345,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">Choroterpes</emphasis>
(
<emphasis box="[360,484,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">Euthraulus</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis box="[499,553,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">latus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName box="[566,755,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Leptophlebiidae</taxonomicName>
), 
<taxonomicName box="[771,936,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Tenuibaetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis box="[771,899,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">Tenuibaetis</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[949,1053,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Baetidae</taxonomicName>
), 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Muller-Liebenau" authorityYear="1984" box="[1070,1307,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Labiobaetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="operosus">
<emphasis box="[1070,1307,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">Labiobaetis operosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[1320,1424,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Baetidae</taxonomicName>
), 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sivaruban, Srinivasan, Barathy and Isack" authorityYear="2022" box="[151,357,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Nigrobaetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="klugei">
<emphasis box="[151,357,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">Nigrobaetis klugei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[372,476,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Baetidae</taxonomicName>
), 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Srinivasan, Sivaruban, Barathy &amp; Isack" authorityYear="2022" box="[494,748,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Tricorythidae" genus="Tricorythus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meenakshi">
<emphasis box="[494,748,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">Tricorythus meenakshi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lestage" authorityYear="1942" box="[762,920,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Tricorythidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tricorythidae</taxonomicName>
), 
<taxonomicName authority="Srinivasan &amp; Sivaruban &amp; Barathy &amp; Isack, 2023" authorityName="Srinivasan &amp; Sivaruban &amp; Barathy &amp; Isack" authorityYear="2023" box="[938,1191,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" genus="Caenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venkataramani" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis box="[938,1191,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">Caenis venkataramani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1197,1260,655,681]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1197,1260,655,681]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<taxonomicName box="[1274,1382,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Caenidae</taxonomicName>
) and 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Balasubramanian &amp; Muthukatturaja" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,379,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" genus="Clypeocaenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kaveri">
<emphasis box="[151,379,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">Clypeocaenis kaveri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName box="[394,505,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Caenidae</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>