257 lines
29 KiB
XML
257 lines
29 KiB
XML
<document id="677B08449408B6A7A01D7B1B0F5E35B6" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3872.4.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3278c375-6c89-42a2-b7ac-24b9bb91730e" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="251860" ID-ZooBank="8FECCFC1-7CA9-4A90-B881-4BD40157AD99" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460928091107" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Cock, Matthew J. W. & Congdon, T. Colin E." docDate="2014" docId="03AA87B3FFEC352CFF79F90F2480DEB7" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03872p354.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3872 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Monza cretacea Snellen 1872" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="346" masterDocId="FF93FFCBFFC63501FFEEFFD82603DF67" masterDocTitle="Observations on the biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera). Part 7. Hesperiinae incertae sedis: grass and bamboo feeders" masterLastPageNumber="354" masterPageNumber="301" pageNumber="343" updateTime="1698362795193" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="D428B9C14975D71C7F335C7C56F4F422">
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<mods:title id="2B19508BE3C37A80AAC1AB2D0AB67668">Observations on the biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera). Part 7. Hesperiinae incertae sedis: grass and bamboo feeders</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5A543A74540F74CAFB722B4628BCA18B">Cock, Matthew J. W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="9499FDCF794376D3B9B19E45439F0B73" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="2E10F93BEFE3E9C99FF65B1216E4909D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="6F5FDC129400B3BA64935568D19DA83F">Congdon, T. Colin E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="99B8428B1DC8F803885F0CCB8977284E">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="2B2E9E4C8959742ED291EADEF560B510">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="D819BC49EEF965CB01B08751AA8DDD06">
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<mods:date id="0AFA4481285D6A2C9439D8C8638B50DD">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="E5C0A7C6022016F3683319F7CA0AEAAF" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="86BF4AC012314C07EDD6FAE606D9CA26">3872</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="7720350E08B3F627617AE3B1E77E4707">4</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="7210E542E2041C1C67EA04381922BC26" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3872.4.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="AE8C7148D0C9F5D4719FC61DA90E8CB4" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03AA87B3FFEC352CFF79F90F2480DEB7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5681022" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119589682" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5681022" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AA87B3FFEC352CFF79F90F2480DEB7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AA87B3FFEC352CFF79F90F2480DEB7" lastPageId="45" lastPageNumber="346" pageId="42" pageNumber="343">
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<subSubSection id="C319652EFFEC352CFF79F90F2480DEB7" lastPageId="45" lastPageNumber="346" pageId="42" pageNumber="343" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BBC36A5FFEC352BFF79F90F2402D996" blockId="42.[151,513,1751,1777]" box="[151,513,1751,1777]" pageId="42" pageNumber="343">
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<heading id="D0F481C9FFEC352BFF79F90F2402D996" bold="true" box="[151,513,1751,1777]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="42" pageNumber="343" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFEC352BFF79F90F2402D996" ID-CoL="44BLD" authority="Snellen, 1872" authorityName="Snellen" authorityYear="1872" box="[151,513,1751,1777]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Monza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="343" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cretacea">
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<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFEC352BFF79F90F2402D996" bold="true" box="[151,513,1751,1777]" pageId="42" pageNumber="343">
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<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFEC352BFF79F90F2755D996" bold="true" box="[151,342,1751,1777]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="343">Monza cretacea</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF924B54FFEC352BFEB2F90F2402D996" author="Snellen" box="[348,513,1751,1777]" pageId="42" pageNumber="343" refString="Snellen, P. C. T. (1872) Bijdrage tot de Vlinderfauna van Neder-Guinea, zuidwestelijk gedeelte von Afrika. Tijdschrijt voor Entomologie, 15, 1 - 110, plates 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="1872">Snellen, 1872</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBC36A5FFEC352AFF79F8C5232BDE27" blockId="42.[151,1436,1821,2026]" lastBlockId="43.[151,1437,151,320]" lastPageId="43" lastPageNumber="344" pageId="42" pageNumber="343">
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This species occurs from
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<collectingCountry id="F3147635FFEC352BFE56F8C5240AD851" box="[440,521,1821,1846]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="42" pageNumber="343">Guinea</collectingCountry>
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to
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<collectingCountry id="F3147635FFEC352BFDC3F8C52487D851" box="[557,644,1821,1846]" name="Uganda" pageId="42" pageNumber="343">Uganda</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry id="F3147635FFEC352BFD53F8C52511D851" box="[701,786,1821,1846]" name="Angola" pageId="42" pageNumber="343">Angola</collectingCountry>
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, with a possible record from south-western
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<collectingCountry id="F3147635FFEC352BFAEEF8C7234AD850" box="[1280,1353,1823,1847]" name="Kenya" pageId="42" pageNumber="343">Kenya</collectingCountry>
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(South Kavirondo, after a van Someren manuscript stating that the abdomen was white) (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF924B54FFEC352BFBD8F89A22CBD83D" author="Larsen" box="[1078,1224,1858,1882]" pageId="42" pageNumber="343" refString="Larsen, T. B. (1991) The Butterflies of Kenya and their Natural History. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, 490 pp." type="book" year="1991">Larsen 1991</bibRefCitation>
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). The
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<typeStatus id="54B88807FFEC352BFAFEF89A2343D83D" box="[1296,1344,1858,1882]" pageId="42" pageNumber="343">type</typeStatus>
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locality ‘Neder-Guinea’ is given as a false locality in
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<bibRefCitation id="EF924B54FFEC352BFD44F8BD2595D819" box="[682,918,1893,1918]" pageId="42" pageNumber="343" refString="Ackery, P. R., Smith, C. R. & Vane-Wright, R. I. (1995) Carcasson's African Butterflies. An annotated catalogue of the Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea of the Afrotropical Region. CSIRO Publications, Melbourne, Australia, 803 pp." type="book">
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Ackery
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<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFEC352BFCE8F8BF2539D819" box="[774,826,1893,1918]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="343">et al</emphasis>
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. (1995)
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</bibRefCitation>
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but
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<bibRefCitation id="EF924B54FFEC352BFC23F8BD2275D819" author="Snellen" box="[973,1142,1893,1918]" pageId="42" pageNumber="343" refString="Snellen, P. C. T. (1872) Bijdrage tot de Vlinderfauna van Neder-Guinea, zuidwestelijk gedeelte von Afrika. Tijdschrijt voor Entomologie, 15, 1 - 110, plates 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="1872">Snellen (1872)</bibRefCitation>
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is referring to the region where van Woerden collected in Lower
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<collectingCountry id="F3147635FFEC352BFD89F85124B8D8C5" box="[615,699,1929,1954]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="42" pageNumber="343">Guinea</collectingCountry>
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, at the mouth of the
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<collectingCountry id="F3147635FFEC352BFC5EF85225F8D8C5" box="[944,1019,1930,1954]" name="Republic of the Congo" pageId="42" pageNumber="343">Congo</collectingCountry>
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River of
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<collectingCountry id="F3147635FFEC352BFB80F85122AFD8C5" box="[1134,1196,1929,1954]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="42" pageNumber="343">Zaire</collectingCountry>
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, at around 6 degrees south latitude (
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<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFEC352BFEAEF875249AD88D" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="343">
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de landstreek waar var Woerden verzamelde, ligt in Neder-Guinea aan den mond der rivier
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<collectingCountry id="F3147635FFEC352BFABFF876239FD8A2" box="[1361,1436,1966,1989]" name="Republic of the Congo" pageId="42" pageNumber="343">Congo</collectingCountry>
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of
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<collectingCountry id="F3147635FFEC352BFF5AF80B26F0D88D" box="[180,243,2003,2026]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="42" pageNumber="343">Zaire</collectingCountry>
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, op ongeveer 6 graden Zuiderbreedte
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</emphasis>
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).
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<bibRefCitation id="EF924B54FFEC352BFD5FF80A2544D88D" author="Evans" box="[689,839,2002,2026]" pageId="42" pageNumber="343" refString="Evans, W. H. (1937) A catalogue of the African Hesperiidae indicating the classification and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum. British Museum (Natural History), London, UK, 212 pp., 30 plates." type="book" year="1937">Evans (1937)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="EF924B54FFEC352BFC90F8092296D88D" author="Lindsey" box="[894,1173,2001,2026]" pageId="42" pageNumber="343" refString="Lindsey, A. W. Jr. & Miller, L. D. (1965) Superfamily Hesperioidea. Family Hesperiidae. In: Fox, R. M., Lindsey, A. W. Jr., Clench, H. K. & Miller, L. D. (Eds.), The butterflies of Liberia. Memoirs of the American Entomological Society, 19, pp. 47 - 146." type="journal article" year="1965">Lindsey & Miller (1965)</bibRefCitation>
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point out that although the uncus and right clasper are constant, the left clasper is individually highly variable and no alignment with adult markings or geographic distribution has been made. Although
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<bibRefCitation id="EF924B54FFED352AFC6DFF65221ADFB3" author="Evans" box="[899,1049,188,212]" pageId="43" pageNumber="344" refString="Evans, W. H. (1937) A catalogue of the African Hesperiidae indicating the classification and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum. British Museum (Natural History), London, UK, 212 pp., 30 plates." type="book" year="1937">Evans (1937</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EF924B54FFED352AFBC4FF642260DFB2" author="Evans" box="[1066,1123,188,213]" pageId="43" pageNumber="344" refString="Evans, W. H. (1956) Revisional notes on African Hesperiidae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 12, 8, 881 - 885. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222935508655708" type="journal article" year="1956">1956</bibRefCitation>
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) treated
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFED352AFB3FFF65235DDFB3" box="[1233,1374,189,212]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Monza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="344" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctata">
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<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFED352AFB3FFF65235DDFB3" box="[1233,1374,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="344">M. punctata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as a subspecies of
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFED352AFEDBFF39248DDF9F" authority="Carcasson (1981)" authorityName="Carcasson" authorityYear="1981" box="[309,654,224,248]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Monza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="344" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cretacea">
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<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFED352AFEDBFF3927B9DF9F" box="[309,442,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="344">M. cretacea</emphasis>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EF924B54FFED352AFE27FF38248DDF9F" author="Carcasson" box="[457,654,224,248]" pageId="43" pageNumber="344" refString="Carcasson, R. H. (1981) Collins Handguide to the Butterflies of Africa. Collins, London, 188 pp." type="book" year="1981">Carcasson (1981)</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="EF924B54FFED352AFD29FF0725AFDF9F" box="[711,940,223,248]" pageId="43" pageNumber="344" refString="Ackery, P. R., Smith, C. R. & Vane-Wright, R. I. (1995) Carcasson's African Butterflies. An annotated catalogue of the Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea of the Afrotropical Region. CSIRO Publications, Melbourne, Australia, 803 pp." type="book">
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Ackery
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<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFED352AFCCFFF392550DF9F" box="[801,851,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="344">et al</emphasis>
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. (1995)
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</bibRefCitation>
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accept that it is a valid species (see below). Nevertheless,
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<bibRefCitation id="EF924B54FFED352AFED7FEDD27D9DE7A" author="Larsen" box="[313,474,260,285]" pageId="43" pageNumber="344" refString="Larsen, T. B. (2005) Butterflies of West Africa. Vols. 1. & 2. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, Denmark, 595 + 270 pp." type="book" year="2005">Larsen (2005)</bibRefCitation>
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suggests there may be 3–4 species in the
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<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFED352AFC27FEDD22BEDE7B" box="[969,1213,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="344">
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFED352AFC27FEDD2252DE7B" box="[969,1105,261,284]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Monza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="344" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cretacea">M. cretacea</taxonomicName>
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-
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFED352AFBB5FEDD22BEDE7B" box="[1115,1213,261,284]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Monza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="344" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctata">punctata</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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complex. We have single observations from
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<collectingCountry id="F3147635FFED352AFE5DFEF0244BDE27" box="[435,584,295,320]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="43" pageNumber="344">Côte d’Ivoire</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry id="F3147635FFED352AFD91FEFF24D5DE27" box="[639,726,295,320]" name="Nigeria" pageId="43" pageNumber="344">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
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, but unfortunately both reared specimens are female.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBC36A5FFED352AFF79FEB7271DDEEF" blockId="43.[151,1436,367,536]" box="[151,286,367,392]" pageId="43" pageNumber="344">
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<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFED352AFF79FEB7271DDEEF" box="[151,286,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="344">Food plants</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBC36A5FFED352AFF79FE4D26D1DD7F" blockId="43.[151,1436,367,536]" pageId="43" pageNumber="344">
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In
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<collectingCountry id="F3147635FFED352AFF59FE4C2751DECA" box="[183,338,404,429]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="43" pageNumber="344">Côte d’Ivoire</collectingCountry>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EF924B54FFED352AFEB1FE4D241ADECB" author="Vuattoux" box="[351,537,404,428]" pageId="43" pageNumber="344" refString="Vuattoux, R. (1999) Les lepidopteres hesperiides de la Station de Lamto (Cote d'Ivoire). Lambillionea, 94, 562 - 568." type="journal article" year="1999">Vuattoux (1999)</bibRefCitation>
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reared this species three times from
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFED352AFC2CFE4D229CDECA" box="[962,1183,404,429]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Setaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="43" pageNumber="344" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="megaphylla">
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<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFED352AFC2CFE4D229CDECA" box="[962,1183,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="344">Setaria megaphylla</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and once from sugarcane,
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFED352AFF34FE6F27E0DEB7" box="[218,483,439,464]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Saccharum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="43" pageNumber="344" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="officinarum">
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<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFED352AFF34FE6F27E0DEB7" box="[218,483,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="344">Saccharum officinarum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, which is an introduced species. MJWC found a pupa on
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<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFED352AFB93FE6F2379DEB7" box="[1149,1402,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="344">Megathrysus maximus</emphasis>
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(=
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFED352AFF79FE05276CDE93" box="[151,367,477,500]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Panicum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="43" pageNumber="344" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="maximum">
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<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFED352AFF79FE05276CDE93" box="[151,367,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="344">Panicum maximum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) in
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<collectingCountry id="F3147635FFED352AFE72FE0427F3DE92" box="[412,496,476,501]" name="Nigeria" pageId="43" pageNumber="344">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
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(94/108) and a caterpillar in
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<collectingCountry id="F3147635FFED352AFCD7FE0425CCDE92" box="[825,975,476,501]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="43" pageNumber="344">Côte d’Ivoire</collectingCountry>
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on what was probably
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFED352AFB3BFE052364DE93" box="[1237,1383,477,500]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Panicum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="43" pageNumber="344" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="maximum">
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<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFED352AFB3BFE052364DE93" box="[1237,1383,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="344">M. maximum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(89/ 205).
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF7C662DFFED352AFF79F8CA247DD802" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/251904/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="344" targetBox="[151,1436,605,1769]" targetPageId="43">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBC36A5FFED352AFF79F8CA247DD802" blockId="43.[151,1436,1810,1893]" pageId="43" pageNumber="344">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFED352AFF79F8CA2724D840" bold="true" box="[151,295,1810,1832]" pageId="43" pageNumber="344">FIGURE 44.</emphasis>
|
||
Final instar caterpillar of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFED352AFDBDF8CB24F8D84F" box="[595,763,1811,1832]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Monza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="344" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cretacea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFED352AFDBDF8CB24F8D84F" box="[595,763,1811,1832]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="344">Monza cretacea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
collected on probably
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFED352AFBEFF8CA22EFD84F" box="[1025,1260,1810,1832]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="344">Megathrysus maximus</emphasis>
|
||
, 28 May 1989, Adiopodoumé, Côte d’Ivoire; moulted to final instar c. 4 Jun; photographed 14 Jun; pupal shelter 18 Jun; 40mm; 90/205.
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFED352AFA67F8E92396D821" bold="true" box="[1417,1429,1841,1862]" pageId="43" pageNumber="344">1</emphasis>
|
||
, detail of head, dorsolateral view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFED352AFE04F89727F5D803" bold="true" box="[490,502,1871,1892]" pageId="43" pageNumber="344">2</emphasis>
|
||
, dorsal view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBC36A5FFED352AFF79F86E2724D8A8" blockId="43.[151,1437,1974,2035]" box="[151,295,1974,1999]" pageId="43" pageNumber="344">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFED352AFF79F86E2724D8A8" box="[151,295,1974,1999]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="344">Leaf shelters</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBC36A5FFED352DFF79F802249BDE02" blockId="43.[151,1437,1974,2035]" lastBlockId="44.[151,1437,151,357]" lastPageId="44" lastPageNumber="345" pageId="43" pageNumber="344">
|
||
A penultimate instar caterpillar (89/205A) was found in a shelter about
|
||
<quantity id="4CFB9B40FFED352AFC55F8022201D894" box="[955,1026,2010,2035]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="43" pageNumber="344" unit="mm" value="60.0">60mm</quantity>
|
||
long, made by rolling the distal part of a leaf downwards, the apex of the leaf being about
|
||
<quantity id="4CFB9B40FFEA352DFD01FF402535DFD7" box="[751,822,152,176]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="44" pageNumber="345" unit="mm" value="20.0">20mm</quantity>
|
||
beyond the end of the shelter; feeding was basal to the shelter; the distal end of the shelter was blocked with frass and an early instar head capsule (?n-3). The pupal shelter found in the field (94/108) was made from the distal
|
||
<quantity id="4CFB9B40FFEA352DFCD0FF072590DF9F" box="[830,915,223,248]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="44" pageNumber="345" unit="mm" value="150.0">150mm</quantity>
|
||
of a leaf rolled downwards and sealed at each end; lined with silk, but no wax; basal to shelter, feeding left the midrib bare for about
|
||
<quantity id="4CFB9B40FFEA352DFB92FEDC22C5DE7A" box="[1148,1222,260,285]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="44" pageNumber="345" unit="mm" value="50.0">50mm</quantity>
|
||
, so that the shelter was pendulous. In contrast, the shelter of 89/205A was lightly dusted with white waxy powder at each end, and more sparsely ventral to the pupa (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13382A20FFEA352DFDF4FE94248FDE02" box="[538,652,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 45" captionStartId="44.[151,250,1362,1384]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,439,1337]" captionTargetId="figure@44.[151,1436,439,1337]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURE 45. Pupa of Monza cretacea collected on probably Megathrysus maximus, 28 May 1989, Adiopodoumé, Côte d’Ivoire; pupal shelter 18 Jun; photographed 23 Jun; adult 9 Jul; 23 mm; 90 / 205 A. 1, dorsal view; 2, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/251905/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="345">Figure 45</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF7C662DFFEA352DFF79FA8A230FDAE1" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/251905/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="345" targetBox="[151,1436,439,1337]" targetPageId="44">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBC36A5FFEA352DFF79FA8A230FDAE1" blockId="44.[151,1436,1362,1414]" pageId="44" pageNumber="345">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFEA352DFF79FA8A2727DA00" bold="true" box="[151,292,1362,1384]" pageId="44" pageNumber="345">FIGURE 45.</emphasis>
|
||
Pupa of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFEA352DFE63FA8B2430DA0F" box="[397,563,1363,1384]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Monza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="345" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cretacea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFEA352DFE63FA8B2430DA0F" box="[397,563,1363,1384]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="345">Monza cretacea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
collected on probably
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFEA352DFCC0FA8A2214DA0F" box="[814,1047,1362,1384]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="345">Megathrysus maximus</emphasis>
|
||
, 28 May 1989, Adiopodoumé, Côte d’Ivoire; pupal shelter 18 Jun; photographed 23 Jun; adult 9 Jul; 23mm; 90/205A.
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFEA352DFC34FAA825E4DAE2" bold="true" box="[986,999,1392,1413]" pageId="44" pageNumber="345">1</emphasis>
|
||
, dorsal view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFEA352DFB98FAA82281DAE2" bold="true" box="[1142,1154,1392,1413]" pageId="44" pageNumber="345">2</emphasis>
|
||
, lateral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBC36A5FFEA352DFF79FA6B2716DAAB" blockId="44.[151,1436,1459,2024]" box="[151,277,1459,1484]" pageId="44" pageNumber="345">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFEA352DFF79FA6B2716DAAB" box="[151,277,1459,1484]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="345">Caterpillar</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBC36A5FFEA352DFF79FA0F2209D973" blockId="44.[151,1436,1459,2024]" pageId="44" pageNumber="345">
|
||
The following is based on MJWC’s observations in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3147635FFEA352DFD33FA0F256CDA97" box="[733,879,1495,1520]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="44" pageNumber="345">Côte d'Ivoire</collectingCountry>
|
||
(89/205A). An early instar head capsule found in the leaf shelter was black, the surface finely striated, 1.1 x
|
||
<quantity id="4CFB9B40FFEA352DFCC7FA242574D973" box="[809,887,1532,1556]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="44" pageNumber="345" unit="mm" value="1.2">1.2mm</quantity>
|
||
wide x high.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBC36A5FFEA352DFF29F9F82263D9C4" blockId="44.[151,1436,1459,2024]" pageId="44" pageNumber="345">
|
||
In the penultimate instar, the head measured 2.5 x
|
||
<quantity id="4CFB9B40FFEA352DFCEEF9C7254DD95F" box="[768,846,1567,1592]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="44" pageNumber="345" unit="mm" value="2.6">2.6mm</quantity>
|
||
wide x high, rounded, rugose; matt black, the frons, clypeus and around the mouthparts brown; pronotum narrow, black; body dull green, similar in tone to food plant, with yellowish bands of folded cuticle at intersegmental region; spiracles brown, those of T1 and A8 quite conspicuous; anal plate with a pair of longitudinally elongate conspicuous black spots.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBC36A5FFEA352DFF29F977259BD880" blockId="44.[151,1436,1459,2024]" pageId="44" pageNumber="345">
|
||
The final instar caterpillar grew to
|
||
<quantity id="4CFB9B40FFEA352DFDA2F9772497D9A0" box="[588,660,1711,1735]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="44" pageNumber="345" unit="mm" value="40.0">40mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13382A20FFEA352DFD4CF9772511D9A0" box="[674,786,1711,1736]" captionStart="FIGURE 44" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1810,1832]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,605,1769]" captionTargetId="figure@43.[151,1436,605,1769]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 44. Final instar caterpillar of Monza cretacea collected on probably Megathrysus maximus, 28 May 1989, Adiopodoumé, Côte d’Ivoire; moulted to final instar c. 4 Jun; photographed 14 Jun; pupal shelter 18 Jun; 40 mm; 90 / 205. 1, detail of head, dorsolateral view; 2, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/251904/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="345">Figure 44</figureCitation>
|
||
) and is quite similar to that of the dark form of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFEA352DFACBF9682396D9AF" box="[1317,1429,1711,1736]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Monza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="345" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alberti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFEA352DFACBF9682396D9AF" box="[1317,1429,1711,1736]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="345">M. alberti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Head large, 3.0 x
|
||
<quantity id="4CFB9B40FFEA352DFE89F90C27B5D98B" box="[359,438,1748,1772]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="44" pageNumber="345" unit="mm" value="3.8">3.8mm</quantity>
|
||
wide x high; shiny rugose; dark except for a pale brown stripe each side of epicranial suture in upper half of face, the corresponding adjacent sutures brown; upper adfrontals pale brown against adfrontal suture, making an inverted V in lower part of face; pale brown frons. Pronotum a narrow black plate on posterior margin of T1, not extending as far as the spiracle. Body whitish green, tinged yellow on posterior margin of A1–A4; inter-segmental area corrugated with about seven folds; darker dorsal line; subdorsal black dot in smooth area of A1–A8; spiracles brown, those of T1 and A8 conspicuous. Wax glands not noted. The head capsule of the cast final caterpillar skin of the collection from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3147635FFEA352DFCE9F8732558D8A3" box="[775,859,1963,1988]" name="Nigeria" pageId="44" pageNumber="345">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
(94/108B) was similar, 2.9 x
|
||
<quantity id="4CFB9B40FFEA352DFB5BF8742300D8A3" box="[1205,1283,1964,1988]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="44" pageNumber="345" unit="mm" value="3.4">3.4mm</quantity>
|
||
wide x high; rather than black, the head is brown, paler posterior to the stemmata.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBC36A5FFEB352CFF79FF4126D0DFD7" blockId="45.[151,1437,153,464]" box="[151,211,153,176]" pageId="45" pageNumber="346">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFEB352CFF79FF4126D0DFD7" box="[151,211,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="346">Pupa</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBC36A5FFEB352CFF79FF642480DEB7" blockId="45.[151,1437,153,464]" pageId="45" pageNumber="346">
|
||
The pupa of 89/205A from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3147635FFEB352CFE3BFF64246EDFB2" box="[469,621,188,213]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="45" pageNumber="346">Côte d’Ivoire</collectingCountry>
|
||
was
|
||
<quantity id="4CFB9B40FFEB352CFD45FF6424F1DFB3" box="[683,754,188,212]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="45" pageNumber="346" unit="mm" value="23.0">23mm</quantity>
|
||
long, while that of 94/108B from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3147635FFEB352CFB6FFF6422D6DFB2" box="[1153,1237,188,213]" name="Nigeria" pageId="45" pageNumber="346">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
was
|
||
<quantity id="4CFB9B40FFEB352CFAFCFF64235EDFB3" box="[1298,1373,188,212]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="45" pageNumber="346" unit="mm" value="22.0">22mm</quantity>
|
||
; both were female. Pupa 89/205A: cylindrical; thorax bulges above head; rather truncate at posterior end, with downturned cremaster; proboscis sheath extends to end of cremaster; light brown, matt surface; front of head brown, shiny; similar texture in three spots on anterior dorsal thorax, the central one anterior to the other two which lie between the T1 spiracles (all of which are missing on pupa 94/108B); erect brown setae on anterior part of thorax from wing base to wing base, and on posterior margin of thorax, ventrally on head and on anterior and posterior parts of the eye. T1 spiracle brown; raised, semicircular; brown; comprising four (89/205A) or six (94/108B) raised portions, separated by longitudinal grooves.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |