133 lines
13 KiB
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133 lines
13 KiB
XML
<document id="310915A9BE7152C8540285CF23639CCD" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3872.4.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3278c375-6c89-42a2-b7ac-24b9bb91730e" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="251860" ID-ZooBank="8FECCFC1-7CA9-4A90-B881-4BD40157AD99" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460928091107" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Cock, Matthew J. W. & Congdon, T. Colin E." docDate="2014" docId="03AA87B3FFC23505FF79FF4024B1D8EE" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03872p354.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3872 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Astictopterus stellata subsp. mineni Trimen 1894" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="305" masterDocId="FF93FFCBFFC63501FFEEFFD82603DF67" masterDocTitle="Observations on the biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera). Part 7. Hesperiinae incertae sedis: grass and bamboo feeders" masterLastPageNumber="354" masterPageNumber="301" pageNumber="305" updateTime="1698362795193" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="B8C160B066BBE3ADFB741A704538D84A">
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<mods:title id="3B5AE030210718BE472CFE5B502C406F">Observations on the biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera). Part 7. Hesperiinae incertae sedis: grass and bamboo feeders</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5A93BEA8BF623859852666F04422DD22">Cock, Matthew J. W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="CEFB621D68D07204A42C61BF27269BBF">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="076A0A7172CEA13261D446CA13E96849">Congdon, T. Colin E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="52DFDF0B09B4EDF35B70023629522678">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="5800CB3431A9F5214206801ACC4668A2">
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<mods:date id="AA48BF852FAB687C28581EAEC819C076">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="3E926E2DEBF6936B26C2678C50D1B953">3872</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="8ED5E3F4F23EF26B3511BC56421A0320">4</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="1B76CF9AD517FCF7AACEA05227D1F01B" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3872.4.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03AA87B3FFC23505FF79FF4024B1D8EE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5680966" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119589763" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5680966" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AA87B3FFC23505FF79FF4024B1D8EE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AA87B3FFC23505FF79FF4024B1D8EE" lastPageNumber="305" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">
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<subSubSection id="C319652EFFC23505FF79FF4024B1D8EE" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BBC36A5FFC23505FF79FF402498DFD5" blockId="4.[151,667,152,178]" box="[151,667,152,178]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">
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<heading id="D0F481C9FFC23505FF79FF402498DFD5" bold="true" box="[151,667,152,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFC23505FF79FF402498DFD5" authority="Trimen, 1894" authorityName="Trimen" authorityYear="1894" box="[151,667,152,178]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Astictopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="stellata" subSpecies="mineni">
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<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFC23505FF79FF402498DFD5" bold="true" box="[151,667,152,178]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">
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<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFC23505FF79FF4027EEDFD5" bold="true" box="[151,493,152,178]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Astictopterus stellata mineni</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF924B54FFC23505FE1BFF402498DFD5" author="Trimen" box="[501,667,152,178]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" refString="Trimen, R. (1894) On a collection of butterflies made in Manica, tropical south-east Africa, by Mr. F. C. Selous, in the year 1892. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1894, 14 - 82, plates 4 - 6. Available from: http: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / pdf 3 / 006341100097157. pdf (accessed 9 September 2014)" type="proceedings paper" year="1894">Trimen, 1894</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBC36A5FFC23505FF79FF0722F2DE04" blockId="4.[151,1437,222,571]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">
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Our limited observations are based on an egg that TCEC watched being laid on an unidentified grass on the Rondo Plateau, south-eastern
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<collectingCountry id="F3147635FFC23505FE77FEDA2402DE7C" box="[409,513,258,283]" name="Tanzania" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
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, where the subspecies is
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFC23505FCC8FEDB22B0DE7C" authority="Kielland 1990" authorityName="Kielland" authorityYear="1990" box="[806,1203,258,283]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Astictopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="stellata" subSpecies="mineni">
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<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFC23505FCC8FEDB25F2DE7C" box="[806,1009,258,283]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">A. stellata mineni</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF924B54FFC23505FBECFEDA22A9DE7C" author="Kielland" box="[1026,1194,258,283]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" refString="Kielland, J. (1990) Butterflies of Tanzania. Hill House, Melbourne, Australia, 363 pp." type="book" year="1990">Kielland 1990</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<bibRefCitation id="EF924B54FFC23505FB2EFEDA239FDE7C" box="[1216,1436,258,283]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" refString="Heath, A., Newport, M. A. & Hancock, D. (2002) The Butterflies of Zambia. African Butterfly Research Institute and The Lepidopterists' Society of Africa, Nairobi, Kenya, 137 pp. + CD." type="book">
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Heath
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<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFC23505FAE3FEDC2342DE7C" box="[1293,1345,258,283]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">et al</emphasis>
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. (2002)
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</bibRefCitation>
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give the food plant as
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFC23505FE46FEFF2411DE59" box="[424,530,295,318]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Asystasia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFC23505FE46FEFF2411DE59" box="[424,530,295,318]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Asystasia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. (
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFC23505FDBCFEFE24E4DE58" box="[594,743,294,319]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Acanthaceae</taxonomicName>
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), but we discount this record, which is probably based on MJWC’s observation that adults of
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<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFC23505FDCAFE9324ACDE04" box="[548,687,330,355]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">
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A. s.
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFC23505FDB2FE9224ACDE04" box="[604,687,330,355]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Astictopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stellata">stellata</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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are attracted to
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFC23505FC8DFE9325CEDE05" box="[867,973,331,354]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Asystasia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFC23505FC8DFE9325CEDE05" box="[867,973,331,354]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Asystasia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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flowers (in
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<bibRefCitation id="EF924B54FFC23505FBBBFE9322E7DE04" author="Larsen" box="[1109,1252,331,355]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" refString="Larsen, T. B. (1991) The Butterflies of Kenya and their Natural History. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, 490 pp." type="book" year="1991">Larsen 1991</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBC36A5FFC23505FF29FEB62550DD5D" blockId="4.[151,1437,222,571]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">
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The ovum (Figure 2.1) is pale, dome-shaped and appears to be finely rugose. The early instars are green with a darker dorsal line, black head, T1 dorsal plate and anal plate (Figures 2.3–4), but later the head becomes brown, darker ventrally and posteriorly (Figure 2.5). The original ovum was collected in late
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<date id="FFBD1065FFC23505FB9BFE6E2300DEA8" box="[1141,1283,438,463]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" value="1998-03">March 1998</date>
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, but after the early instars it was transferred onto another grass, and development slowed. MJWC saw and photographed the same caterpillar in rearing in early July when it was still only
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<quantity id="4CFB9B40FFC23505FC90FE2725C5DD70" box="[894,966,511,535]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" unit="mm" value="10.0">10mm</quantity>
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long (MJWC 98/200), and it died soon afterwards. Hence we do not know the final instar or the pupa.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF7C662DFFC23505FF79F97122D5D99B" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/251862/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" targetBox="[150,1433,654,1685]" targetPageId="4">
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<paragraph id="8BBC36A5FFC23505FF79F97122D5D99B" blockId="4.[151,1436,1705,1788]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">
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<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFC23505FF79F9712711D9D9" bold="true" box="[151,274,1705,1727]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
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Early stages of
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFC23505FE5AF9712488D9D8" box="[436,651,1705,1727]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Astictopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stellata">
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<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFC23505FE5AF9712488D9D8" box="[436,651,1705,1727]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Astictopterus stellata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, collected as ovum on unidentified grass, Rondo Plateau, south-east Tanzania [TCEC].
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<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFC23505FF18F91F2700D9BB" bold="true" box="[246,259,1735,1756]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">1</emphasis>
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, ovum, 29 Mar 1998;
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<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFC23505FE00F91F27F9D9BB" bold="true" box="[494,506,1735,1756]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">2</emphasis>
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, first instar caterpillar in shelter, 4 Apr 1998;
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<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFC23505FC34F91F25E5D9BB" bold="true" box="[986,998,1735,1756]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">3</emphasis>
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, second instar caterpillar, 25 Apr 1998;
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<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFC23505FA67F91F2396D9BB" bold="true" box="[1417,1429,1735,1756]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">4</emphasis>
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, third instar caterpillar, 9 May 1998;
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<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFC23505FDEBF93E2412D99C" bold="true" box="[517,529,1766,1787]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">5</emphasis>
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, unknown instar, newly moulted, 4 Jul 1998; 10mm (MJWC 98/200).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BBC36A5FFC23505FF29F8F024B1D8EE" blockId="4.[151,1436,1832,1929]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">
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Although the early stages of the Asian
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFC23505FD7DF8F124EED826" box="[659,749,1833,1857]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Astictopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jama">
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<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFC23505FD7DF8F124EED826" box="[659,749,1833,1857]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">A. jama</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are well documented (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF924B54FFC23505FC17F8F022FFD826" author="Bascombe" box="[1017,1276,1832,1857]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" refString="Bascombe, M. J., Johnston, G. & Bascombe, F. S. (1999) The butterflies of Hong Kong. Academic Press, London, xiii + 422 pp, 222 plates." type="book" year="1999">
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Bascombe
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<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFC23505FB94F8F222AED826" box="[1146,1197,1832,1857]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">et al</emphasis>
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. 1999
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</bibRefCitation>
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), those of the African species are incompletely known, and so we can only compare the early instars. These are rather similar, both species having an unusual black anal plate.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |