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802 lines
127 KiB
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<document id="FA759BD274566C444A108DC5CCFD8D3A" ID-CLB-Dataset="4110" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2021.773.1517" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a5546d7c-09e9-4dd2-982b-e419c3f047e0" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5542069" ID-ZooBank="C69631FE-E71B-4782-8399-1AD84527DA7E" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1633024733025" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Molina, Óscar S. & Gil-Azevedo, Leonardo H." docDate="2021" docId="9D2E87F3FFAA8047FDBAFB9BFE99F8C9" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-773_80-119.pdf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 773" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Simulium (Anasolen) Enderlein 1930" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="108" masterDocId="6117FF8BFFB3805BFF8CFF9BFFC5FFA6" masterDocTitle="Simulium (Trichodagmia) (Diptera, Simuliidae) phylogeny revisited: the Neotropical and Afrotropical connection" masterLastPageNumber="119" masterPageNumber="80" pageNumber="105" updateTime="1699458273741" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="78D2C617EBCF7495787269AC3F1C2336">Simulium (Trichodagmia) (Diptera, Simuliidae) phylogeny revisited: the Neotropical and Afrotropical connection</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5289D55248B2B9B00D9DFD36B3B33EF9">Molina, Óscar S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C228783EB5D314B52D2F60BB326EA933">Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - IOC / Fiocruz, Laboratório de Simulídeos e Oncocercose (LSO / IOC- Fiocruz), Coleção de Simulídeos do IOC - CSIOC / Fiocruz, Referência Nacional em Simulídeos, Oncocercose e Mansonelose, Av. Brazil, 4.365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="55E808E884ED15AEF5230E1986750819" type="email">o.sanchezmolina@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="62583FEFE7DA07924481E556115578E7">Gil-Azevedo, Leonardo H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D05F7528DC427F2E61D028620676B133">Departamento de Entomologia. Museu Nacional-Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista s / n, 20940 - 040, São Cristóvão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="F0AB2C5CEEDEFB1083A2064985606E10">2021</mods:date>
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<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFAA8042FDBAFB9BFC38FBBD" ID-CoL="89RVN" authority="Enderlein, 1930" authorityName="Enderlein" authorityYear="1930" box="[566,1021,1024,1051]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Anasolen">
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<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFAA8042FDBAFB9BFCFEFBBD" bold="true" box="[566,827,1024,1051]" pageId="25" pageNumber="105">
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<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFAA8042FDBAFB9BFD68FBBD" bold="true" box="[566,685,1024,1051]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="105">Simulium</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFAA8042FD32FB9BFCF5FBBD" bold="true" box="[702,816,1024,1051]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="105">Anasolen</emphasis>
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)
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<bibRefCitation id="71164B14FFAA8042FCCEFB9AFC38FBBD" author="Enderlein G." box="[834,1021,1025,1051]" pageId="25" pageNumber="105" pagination="77 - 97" refId="ref18559" refString="Enderlein G. 1930. Der heutige Stand der Klassifikation der Simuliiden. Archiv fur Klassifikatorische und phylogenetische entomologie 1: 77 - 97." type="journal article" year="1930">Enderlein, 1930</bibRefCitation>
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<paragraph id="153836E5FFAA8042FF79FBBFFAFBFB98" blockId="25.[245,1342,1024,1086]" box="[245,1342,1059,1086]" pageId="25" pageNumber="105">
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<figureCitation id="8DBC2A60FFAA8042FF79FBBFFE9BFB98" box="[245,350,1060,1086]" captionStart="Figs 3–15" captionStartId="9.[189,241,1716,1742]" captionTargetBox="[207,1389,278,1665]" captionTargetId="figure-17@9.[189,1398,273,1669]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs 3–15. Females. 3–8. Thorax, dorsal view. 3–4. Simulium (Anasolen) Enderlein, 1930. 3. neireti Roubaud, 1905. 4. nili Gibbins, 1934. — 5. S. (Freemanellum) berghei Fain, 1949. — 6. S. (Hearlea) canadense Hearle, 1932. — 7. S. (Shewellomyia) pictipes Hagen, 1880. — 8. S. (Obuchovia) margaritae Rubtsov, 1956. — 9–15. Cibarium of females. 9–12. S. (Hemicnetha) Enderlein, 1934. 9. brachycladum Lutz & Pinto, 1932. 10. cristalinum Coscarón & Py-Daniel, 1989. 11. tarsatum Macquart, 1846. 12. pulverulentum Knab, 1915. — 13–15. S. (Trichodagmia) Enderlein, 1934. 13. lahillei (Paterson & Shannon, 1927). 14. nigrimanum Macquart, 1838. 15. scutistriatum Lutz, 1909. Scale bars: 3–8 = 0.25 mm; 9–12, 14 = 0.05 mm; 13, 15 = 0.02 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5542075" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5542075/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="105">Figs 3–4</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="8DBC2A60FFAA8042FEE6FBBFFDCBFB98" box="[362,526,1060,1086]" captionStart="Figs 16–32" captionStartId="11.[189,242,1663,1689]" captionTargetBox="[258,1329,265,1625]" captionTargetId="figure-206@11.[255,1331,265,1626]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figs 16–32. Females. 16–21. Hypoginial valves. 16–17. Simulium (Anasolen) Enderlein, 1930. 16. dentulosum Roubaud, 1915.17. neireti Roubaud, 1905. —18. S. (Freemanellum) berghei Fain, 1949. — 19–20. S. (Hemicnetha) Enderlein, 1934. 19. cristalinum Coscarón & Py-Daniel, 1989. 20. virgatum Coquillett, 1902. — 21. S. (Trichodagmia) scutistriatum Lutz, 1909. — 22–32. Anal lobe and cercus. 22–23. S. (Anasolen). 22. masabae Gibbins, 1934. 23. neireti. — 24. S. (Freemanellum) hirsutilateris De-Meillon, 1937.— 25. S. (Hearlea) ayrozai Vargas, 1945. — 26. S. (Hemicnetha) tarsatum Macquart, 1846. — 27. S. (Shewellomyia) claricentrum Adler, 1990. — 28–30. S. (Trichodagmia). 28. guianense Wise, 1911. 29. lahillei (Paterson & Shannon, 1927). 30. scutistriatum. — 31–32. S. (Disculter) subgen. nov. 31. rivasi Ramírez-Pérez, 1971. 32. oviedoi Ramírez-Pérez, 1971. Scale bars: 16–21 = 0.1 mm; 22–32 = 0.05 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5542077" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5542077/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="105">16–17, 22–23</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="8DBC2A60FFAA8042FD96FBBFFDA3FB98" box="[538,614,1060,1086]" captionStart="Figs 33–49" captionStartId="14.[189,242,1674,1700]" captionTargetBox="[250,1339,265,1632]" captionTargetId="figure-11@14.[247,1340,265,1633]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figs 33–49. Males. Ventral plate. 33–37. Simulium (Anasolen) Enderlein, 1930. 33. dentulosum Roubaud, 1915. 34. imerinae Roubaud, 1905. 35. kauntzeum Gibbins, 1938. 36. masabae Gibbins, 1934. 37. nili Gibbins, 1934. — 38. S. (Freemanellum) debegene De-Meillon, 1934. — 39– 40. S. (Hearlea) Vargas et al. 1946. 39. ayrozai Vargas, 1945. 40. larvispinosum De León, 1948. — 41–42. S. (Hemicnetha) Enderlein, 1934. 41. bricenoi Vargas et al., 1946. 42. tarsatum Macquart, 1846. — 43. S. (Shewellomyia) claricentrum Adler, 1990. — 44. S. (Obuchovia) galloprovinciale Giudicelli, 1963. — 45–47. S. (Trichodagmia) Enderlein, 1934. 45. itaunense D’Andretta & Dolores González, 1964. 46. lahillei (Paterson & Shannon, 1927). 47. scutistriatum Lutz, 1909. — 48–49. S. (Disculter) subgen. nov. 48. rivasi Ramírez-Pérez, 1971. 49. oviedoi Ramírez-Pérez, 1971. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5542079" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5542079/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="105">33–37</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="8DBC2A60FFAA8042FDFEFBB8FD7BFB98" box="[626,702,1059,1086]" captionStart="Figs 50–70" captionStartId="16.[189,242,1639,1665]" captionTargetBox="[194,1395,297,1568]" captionTargetId="figure-11@16.[189,1398,291,1571]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figs 50–70. Males. Gonocoxite and gonostyle. 50–54. Simulium (Anasolen) Enderlein, 1930. 50. dentulosum Roubaud, 1915. 51. imerinae Roubaud, 1905. 52. kauntzeum Gibbins, 1938. 53. masabae Gibbins, 1934. 54. nili Gibbins, 1934. — 55–56. S. (Freemanellum) Crosskey, 1969. 55. hirsutilateris De-Meillon, 1937. 56. manense Elsen & Escaffre, 1976. — 57–59. S. (Hearlea) Vargas et al. 1946. 57. ayrozai Vargas, 1945. 58. canadense Hearle, 1932. 59. capricorne De León, 1945. — 60–62. S. (Hemicnetha) Enderlein, 1934. 60. brachycladum Lutz & Pinto, 1932. 61. cristalinum Coscarón & Py-Daniel, 1989. 62. tarsatum Macquart, 1846. — 63. S. (Shewellomyia) claricentrum Adler, 1990. — 64–68. S. (Trichodagmia) Enderlein, 1934. 64. guianense Wise, 1911. 65. hirtipupa Lutz, 1910. 66. itaunense D’Andretta & Dolores González, 1964. 67. lahillei (Paterson & Shannon, 1927). 68. nigrimanum Macquart, 1838. — 69–70. S. (Disculter) subgen. nov. 69. rivasi Ramírez-Pérez, 1971. 70. oviedoi Ramírez-Pérez, 1971. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5542081" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5542081/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="105">50–54</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="8DBC2A60FFAA8042FD46FBB8FCD0FB98" box="[714,789,1059,1086]" captionStart="Figs 71–90" captionStartId="19.[189,242,1678,1704]" captionTargetBox="[244,1348,265,1639]" captionTargetId="figure-18@19.[239,1352,265,1641]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figs 71–90. Pupae. 71–75. Simulium (Anasolen) Enderlein, 1930. 71. ambositrae Grenier & Grjebine, 1959. 72. dentulosum Roubaud, 1915. 73. imerinae Roubaud, 1905. 74. iphias De-Meillon, 1951. 75. nili Gibbins, 1934. — 76–77. S. (Freemanellum) Crosskey, 1969. 76. debegene De-Meillon, 1934. 77. manense Elsen & Escaffre, 1976. — 78–79. S. (Hearlea) Vargas et al. 1946. 78. canadense Hearle, 1932. 79. capricorne De León, 1945. — 80–81. S. (Hemicnetha) Enderlein, 1934. 80. paynei Vargas, 1942. 81. rubrithorax Lutz, 1909. — 82–83. S (Shewellomyia) Peterson, 1975. 82. claricentrum Adler, 1990. 83. pictipes Hagen, 1880. — 84–85. S. (Obuchovia) Rubtsov, 1947. 84. albellum Rubtsov, 1947. 85. galloprovinciale Giudicelli, 1963. — 86–88. S. (Trichodagmia) Enderlein, 1934. 86. nigrimanum Macquart, 1838. 87. orbitale Lutz, 1910. 88. scutistriatum Lutz, 1909. — 89–90. S. (Disculter) subgen. nov. 89. rivasi Ramírez-Pérez, 1971. 90. oviedoi Ramírez-Pérez, 1971. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5542083" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5542083/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="105">71–75</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="8DBC2A60FFAA8042FCAEFBBFFCABFB98" box="[802,878,1060,1086]" captionStart="Figs 91–106" captionStartId="22.[189,242,1746,1772]" captionTargetBox="[193,1394,299,1678]" captionTargetId="figure-11@22.[189,1398,299,1678]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figs 91–106. Gills of pupae. 91–94. Simulium (Anasolen) Enderlein, 1930. 91. bisnovem Gibbins, 1938. 92. dentulosum Roubaud, 1915. 93. imerinae Roubaud, 1905. 94. masabae Gibbins, 1934. — 95– 97. S. (Freemanellum) Crosskey, 1969. 95. debegene De-Meillon, 1934. 96. manense Elsen & Escaffre, 1976. 97. hessei Gibbins, 1941. — 98. S. (Hearlea) canadense Hearle, 1932. — 99–102. S. (Hemicnetha) Enderlein, 1934.99. cristalinum Coscarón & Py-Daniel, 1989.100. earlei Vargaset al., 1946.101. paynei Vargas, 1942. 102. virgatum Coquillett, 1902. —103. S. (Obuchovia) galloprovinciale Giudicelli, 1963. — 104–106. S. (Trichodagmia) Enderlein, 1934. 104. nigrimanum Macquart, 1838. 105. hirtipupa Lutz, 1910. 106. scutistriatum Lutz, 1909. Scale bars: 91–104, 106 = 0.2 mm; 105 = 0.05 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5542085" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5542085/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="105">91–94</figureCitation>
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|
||
<figureCitation id="8DBC2A60FFAA8042FCF6FBBFFB0EFB98" box="[890,1227,1060,1086]" captionStart-0="Figs 107–127. 107–113" captionStart-1="Figs 128–149" captionStartId-0="24.[189,242,1633,1659]" captionStartId-1="26.[189,242,1640,1666]" captionTargetBox-0="[258,1332,270,1587]" captionTargetBox-1="[194,1394,487,1601]" captionTargetId-0="figure-11@24.[244,1343,265,1594]" captionTargetId-1="figure-76@26.[189,1398,483,1603]" captionTargetPageId-0="24" captionTargetPageId-1="26" captionText-0="Figs 107–127. 107–113. Larvas (last instar). 107–108. Simulium (Anasolen) Enderlein, 1930. 107. dentulosum Roubaud, 1915. 108. imerinae Roubaud, 1905. — 109. S. (Freemanellum) manense Elsen & Escaffre, 1976. — 110. S. (Hearlea) canadense Hearle, 1932. —111. S. (Hemicnetha) paynei Vargas, 1942. — 112. S. (Shewellomyia) pictipes Hagen, 1880. —113. S. (Obuchovia) auricoma Meigen, 1818. — 114–126. Last instar larvae. Head, dorsal view. 114–118. S. (Anasolen). 114. ambositrae Grenier & Grjebine, 1959. 115. dentulosum. 116. imerinae. 117. masabae Gibbins, 1934. 118. nili Gibbins, 1934. — 119–120. S. (Freemanellum). 119. manense. 120. hirsutilateris De-Meillon, 1937. — 121. S. (Hearlea) canadense. — 122–123. S. (Hemicnetha). 122. brachycladum Lutz & Pinto, 1932. 123. paynei. — 124–125. S. (Shewellomyia). 124. claricentrum Adler, 1990. 125. pictipes. — 126. S. (Obuchovia) ibericum Crosskey & Santos Grácio, 1985. — 127. Antenna of S. (Anasolen) ambositrae. Scale bars: 107–113 = 1 mm; 114–126 = 0.5 mm; 127 = 0.2 mm." captionText-1="Figs 128–149. Larva (last instar). Postgenal cleft. 128–131. Simulium (Anasolen) Enderlein, 1930. 128. ambositrae Grenier & Grjebine, 1959. 129. dentulosum Roubaud, 1915. 130. imerinae Roubaud, 1905. 131. nili Gibbins, 1934. — 132–135. S. (Freemanellum) Crosskey, 1969. 132. berghei Fain, 1949. 133. hirsutilateris De-Meillon, 1937. 134. debegene De-Meillon, 1934. 135. manense Elsen & Escaffre, 1976. — 136–139. S. (Hearlea) Vargas et al., 1946. 136. ayrozai Vargas, 1945. 137. canadense Hearle, 1932. 138. capricorne De León, 1945. 139. larvispinosum De León, 1948. — 140–143. S. (Hemicnetha) Enderlein, 1934. 140. bricenoi Vargas et al., 1946. 141. cristalinum Coscarón & Py-Daniel, 1989. 142. paynei Vargas, 1942. 143. rubrithorax Lutz, 1909. — 144. S. (Obuchovia) galloprovinciale Giudicelli, 1963. —145–147. S. (Trichodagmia) Enderlein, 1934.145. hirtipupa Lutz, 1910.146. lahillei (Paterson & Shannon, 1927). 147. nigrimanum Macquart, 1838. — 148–149. S. (Disculter) subgen. nov. 148. oviedoi Ramírez-Pérez, 1971. 149. rivasi Ramírez-Pérez, 1971. Scale bars = 0.2 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5542087" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5542089" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5542087/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5542089/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="105">107–108, 114–118, 127–131</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="8DBC2A60FFAA8042FB54FBB8FAFBFB98" box="[1240,1342,1059,1086]" captionStart="Figs 150–157" captionStartId="31.[189,242,1807,1833]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,880,1766]" captionTargetId="figure-125@31.[189,1398,880,1766]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figs 150–157. Larva (last instar). Hypostoma. 150–151. Simulium (Anasolen) Enderlein, 1930. 150. ambositrae Grenier & Grjebine, 1959. 151. nili Gibbins, 1934. — 152. S. (Freemanellum) manense Elsen & Escaffre, 1976. — 153–154. S. (Hemicnetha) Enderlein, 1934. 153. brachycladum Lutz & Pinto, 1932. 154. rubrithorax Lutz, 1909. — 155. S. (Obuchovia) galloprovinciale Giudicelli, 1963. — 156–157. S. (Trichodagmia) Enderlein, 1934. 156. hirtipupa Lutz, 1910. 157. lahillei (Paterson & Shannon, 1927). Scale bars = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5542091" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5542091/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="105">150–151</figureCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="5D9D656EFFAA8042FF31FBFEFD4EFB41" pageId="25" pageNumber="105" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="153836E5FFAA8042FF31FBFEFAB3FBD9" blockId="25.[189,1399,1125,1255]" box="[189,1398,1125,1151]" pageId="25" pageNumber="105">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="359711CBFFAA8042FF31FBFEFAB3FBD9" box="[189,1398,1125,1151]" pageId="25" pageNumber="105">
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="942610F4FFAA8042FF31FBFEFDD0FBD9" author="Enderlein G." box="[189,533,1125,1151]" page="94" pageId="25" pageNumber="105" year="1930">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFAA8042FF31FBFEFDD0FBD9" authority="Enderlein, 1930: 94" authorityName="Enderlein" authorityPageNumber="94" authorityYear="1930" box="[189,533,1125,1151]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Anasolen" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFAA8042FF31FBFEFEEFFBD9" box="[189,298,1125,1151]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="105">Anasolen</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="71164B14FFAA8042FEBCFBFEFDD0FBD9" author="Enderlein G." box="[304,533,1125,1151]" pageId="25" pageNumber="105" pagination="77 - 97" refId="ref18559" refString="Enderlein G. 1930. Der heutige Stand der Klassifikation der Simuliiden. Archiv fur Klassifikatorische und phylogenetische entomologie 1: 77 - 97." type="journal article" year="1930">Enderlein, 1930: 94</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(as genus).
|
||
<typeStatus id="CA3C8847FFAA8042FD13FBFEFD1CFBD9" box="[671,729,1125,1151]" pageId="25" pageNumber="105">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
species:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFAA8042FCCDFBFEFA90FBD9" authority="Enderlein, 1930" authorityName="Enderlein" authorityYear="1930" box="[833,1365,1125,1151]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Anasolen" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adolffriedericianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFAA8042FCCDFBFEFB50FBD9" box="[833,1173,1125,1151]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="105">Anasolen adolffriedericianus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="71164B14FFAA8042FB17FBFEFA90FBD9" author="Enderlein G." box="[1179,1365,1125,1151]" pageId="25" pageNumber="105" pagination="77 - 97" refId="ref18559" refString="Enderlein G. 1930. Der heutige Stand der Klassifikation der Simuliiden. Archiv fur Klassifikatorische und phylogenetische entomologie 1: 77 - 97." type="journal article" year="1930">Enderlein, 1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[=
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="153836E5FFAA8042FF66FB1CFD4EFB41" blockId="25.[189,1399,1125,1255]" pageId="25" pageNumber="105">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="359711CBFFAA8042FF66FB1CFD4EFB41" pageId="25" pageNumber="105">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFAA8042FF66FB1CFD6DFB04" ID-CoL="8DX5Q" authority="Roubaud, 1915" authorityName="Roubaud" authorityYear="1915" box="[234,680,1159,1186]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dentulosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFAA8042FF66FB1CFE22FB07" box="[234,487,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="105">Simulium dentulosum</emphasis>
|
||
Roubaud, 1915
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
].
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFAA8042FF31FB31FEA0FB62" box="[189,357,1194,1220]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="105">Xenosimulium</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="942610F4FFAA8042FEE6FB31FD8EFB62" author="Crosskey R. W." box="[362,587,1194,1220]" page="86" pageId="25" pageNumber="105" year="1969">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="71164B14FFAA8042FEE6FB31FD8EFB62" author="Crosskey R. W." box="[362,587,1194,1220]" pageId="25" pageNumber="105" pagination="1 - 195" refId="ref17980" refString="Crosskey R. W. 1969. A re-classification of the Simuliidae (Diptera) of Africa and its islands. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Entomology. Supplement 14: 1 - 195. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / p. 78201" type="journal article" year="1969">Crosskey, 1969: 86</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, figs 129, 161, 200–201, 277 (as subgenus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFAA8042FBDFFB31FB07FB62" ID-CoL="8VTZ4" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[1107,1218,1194,1220]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFAA8042FBDFFB31FB07FB62" box="[1107,1218,1194,1220]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="105">Simulium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<typeStatus id="CA3C8847FFAA8042FB56FB31FAD1FB62" box="[1242,1300,1194,1220]" pageId="25" pageNumber="105">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
species:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFAA8042FF64FB56FD42FB41" ID-CoL="8DZ62" authority="Roubaud, 1905" authorityName="Roubaud" authorityYear="1905" box="[232,647,1228,1255]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imerinae">
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFAA8042FF64FB56FE0DFB40" box="[232,456,1229,1255]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="105">Simulium imerinae</emphasis>
|
||
Roubaud, 1905
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="5D9D656EFFAA8040FF31FA96FDF7FE55" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="107" pageId="25" pageNumber="105" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="153836E5FFAA8042FF31FA96FEF3FA81" blockId="25.[189,310,1293,1319]" box="[189,310,1293,1319]" pageId="25" pageNumber="105">
|
||
<heading id="4E708189FFAA8042FF31FA96FEF3FA81" bold="true" box="[189,310,1293,1319]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="25" pageNumber="105" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFAA8042FF31FA96FEF3FA81" bold="true" box="[189,310,1293,1319]" pageId="25" pageNumber="105">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="153836E5FFAA8042FF66FAA7FE80FAF0" blockId="25.[189,1400,1340,1505]" box="[234,325,1340,1366]" pageId="25" pageNumber="105">
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFAA8042FF66FAA7FE80FAF0" bold="true" box="[234,325,1340,1366]" pageId="25" pageNumber="105">Female</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="153836E5FFAA8042FF31FAC5FD34FA46" blockId="25.[189,1400,1340,1505]" pageId="25" pageNumber="105">
|
||
Scutum black to dark brown; scutal pattern present (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8DBC2A60FFAA8042FCA7FAC5FC5DFADE" box="[811,920,1374,1400]" captionStart="Figs 3–15" captionStartId="9.[189,241,1716,1742]" captionTargetBox="[207,1389,278,1665]" captionTargetId="figure-17@9.[189,1398,273,1669]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs 3–15. Females. 3–8. Thorax, dorsal view. 3–4. Simulium (Anasolen) Enderlein, 1930. 3. neireti Roubaud, 1905. 4. nili Gibbins, 1934. — 5. S. (Freemanellum) berghei Fain, 1949. — 6. S. (Hearlea) canadense Hearle, 1932. — 7. S. (Shewellomyia) pictipes Hagen, 1880. — 8. S. (Obuchovia) margaritae Rubtsov, 1956. — 9–15. Cibarium of females. 9–12. S. (Hemicnetha) Enderlein, 1934. 9. brachycladum Lutz & Pinto, 1932. 10. cristalinum Coscarón & Py-Daniel, 1989. 11. tarsatum Macquart, 1846. 12. pulverulentum Knab, 1915. — 13–15. S. (Trichodagmia) Enderlein, 1934. 13. lahillei (Paterson & Shannon, 1927). 14. nigrimanum Macquart, 1838. 15. scutistriatum Lutz, 1909. Scale bars: 3–8 = 0.25 mm; 9–12, 14 = 0.05 mm; 13, 15 = 0.02 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5542075" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5542075/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="105">Figs 3–4</figureCitation>
|
||
). Cibarium unpigmented anteromedially and unarmed. Tarsal claw with subbasal tooth shorter than a third of claw length. Hypoginial valves fine and pointed, shorter or longer than sternite VIII width, inwardly directed. Anal lobe subrectangular, shorter than the cercus base width (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8DBC2A60FFAA8042FDD7FA5DFD21FA46" box="[603,740,1478,1504]" captionStart="Figs 16–32" captionStartId="11.[189,242,1663,1689]" captionTargetBox="[258,1329,265,1625]" captionTargetId="figure-206@11.[255,1331,265,1626]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figs 16–32. Females. 16–21. Hypoginial valves. 16–17. Simulium (Anasolen) Enderlein, 1930. 16. dentulosum Roubaud, 1915.17. neireti Roubaud, 1905. —18. S. (Freemanellum) berghei Fain, 1949. — 19–20. S. (Hemicnetha) Enderlein, 1934. 19. cristalinum Coscarón & Py-Daniel, 1989. 20. virgatum Coquillett, 1902. — 21. S. (Trichodagmia) scutistriatum Lutz, 1909. — 22–32. Anal lobe and cercus. 22–23. S. (Anasolen). 22. masabae Gibbins, 1934. 23. neireti. — 24. S. (Freemanellum) hirsutilateris De-Meillon, 1937.— 25. S. (Hearlea) ayrozai Vargas, 1945. — 26. S. (Hemicnetha) tarsatum Macquart, 1846. — 27. S. (Shewellomyia) claricentrum Adler, 1990. — 28–30. S. (Trichodagmia). 28. guianense Wise, 1911. 29. lahillei (Paterson & Shannon, 1927). 30. scutistriatum. — 31–32. S. (Disculter) subgen. nov. 31. rivasi Ramírez-Pérez, 1971. 32. oviedoi Ramírez-Pérez, 1971. Scale bars: 16–21 = 0.1 mm; 22–32 = 0.05 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5542077" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5542077/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="105">Figs 22–23</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="153836E5FFAA8042FF66F99CFEEFF987" blockId="25.[188,1399,1543,1778]" box="[234,298,1543,1569]" pageId="25" pageNumber="105">
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFAA8042FF66F99CFEEFF987" bold="true" box="[234,298,1543,1569]" pageId="25" pageNumber="105">Male</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="153836E5FFAA8042FF31F9B1FD73F957" blockId="25.[188,1399,1543,1778]" pageId="25" pageNumber="105">
|
||
Ventral plate two times longer than wide or with sub-equal width and length, not notched; lateral shoulders projected or not; posteromedial process absent or present. Gonocoxite longer than wide, with base almost equal in width than gonostylus width at their point of intersection (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8DBC2A60FFAA8042FBD9F9F4FB1BF92C" box="[1109,1246,1647,1674]" captionStart="Figs 50–70" captionStartId="16.[189,242,1639,1665]" captionTargetBox="[194,1395,297,1568]" captionTargetId="figure-11@16.[189,1398,291,1571]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figs 50–70. Males. Gonocoxite and gonostyle. 50–54. Simulium (Anasolen) Enderlein, 1930. 50. dentulosum Roubaud, 1915. 51. imerinae Roubaud, 1905. 52. kauntzeum Gibbins, 1938. 53. masabae Gibbins, 1934. 54. nili Gibbins, 1934. — 55–56. S. (Freemanellum) Crosskey, 1969. 55. hirsutilateris De-Meillon, 1937. 56. manense Elsen & Escaffre, 1976. — 57–59. S. (Hearlea) Vargas et al. 1946. 57. ayrozai Vargas, 1945. 58. canadense Hearle, 1932. 59. capricorne De León, 1945. — 60–62. S. (Hemicnetha) Enderlein, 1934. 60. brachycladum Lutz & Pinto, 1932. 61. cristalinum Coscarón & Py-Daniel, 1989. 62. tarsatum Macquart, 1846. — 63. S. (Shewellomyia) claricentrum Adler, 1990. — 64–68. S. (Trichodagmia) Enderlein, 1934. 64. guianense Wise, 1911. 65. hirtipupa Lutz, 1910. 66. itaunense D’Andretta & Dolores González, 1964. 67. lahillei (Paterson & Shannon, 1927). 68. nigrimanum Macquart, 1838. — 69–70. S. (Disculter) subgen. nov. 69. rivasi Ramírez-Pérez, 1971. 70. oviedoi Ramírez-Pérez, 1971. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5542081" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5542081/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="105">Figs 50–54</figureCitation>
|
||
). Gonostylus cylindrical, with medial region equal in width than basal region; sub-equal or shorter than gonocoxite, with blunt apex and apical spinule (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8DBC2A60FFAA8042FDF9F92FFCC6F969" box="[629,771,1716,1743]" captionStart="Figs 50–70" captionStartId="16.[189,242,1639,1665]" captionTargetBox="[194,1395,297,1568]" captionTargetId="figure-11@16.[189,1398,291,1571]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figs 50–70. Males. Gonocoxite and gonostyle. 50–54. Simulium (Anasolen) Enderlein, 1930. 50. dentulosum Roubaud, 1915. 51. imerinae Roubaud, 1905. 52. kauntzeum Gibbins, 1938. 53. masabae Gibbins, 1934. 54. nili Gibbins, 1934. — 55–56. S. (Freemanellum) Crosskey, 1969. 55. hirsutilateris De-Meillon, 1937. 56. manense Elsen & Escaffre, 1976. — 57–59. S. (Hearlea) Vargas et al. 1946. 57. ayrozai Vargas, 1945. 58. canadense Hearle, 1932. 59. capricorne De León, 1945. — 60–62. S. (Hemicnetha) Enderlein, 1934. 60. brachycladum Lutz & Pinto, 1932. 61. cristalinum Coscarón & Py-Daniel, 1989. 62. tarsatum Macquart, 1846. — 63. S. (Shewellomyia) claricentrum Adler, 1990. — 64–68. S. (Trichodagmia) Enderlein, 1934. 64. guianense Wise, 1911. 65. hirtipupa Lutz, 1910. 66. itaunense D’Andretta & Dolores González, 1964. 67. lahillei (Paterson & Shannon, 1927). 68. nigrimanum Macquart, 1838. — 69–70. S. (Disculter) subgen. nov. 69. rivasi Ramírez-Pérez, 1971. 70. oviedoi Ramírez-Pérez, 1971. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5542081" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5542081/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="105">Figs 50–54</figureCitation>
|
||
). Parameres with spines of equal size, or with both distinctly large and small accessory spines.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="153836E5FFAA8042FF66F883FEEEF894" blockId="25.[188,1400,1816,2015]" box="[234,299,1816,1842]" pageId="25" pageNumber="105">
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFAA8042FF66F883FEEEF894" bold="true" box="[234,299,1816,1842]" pageId="25" pageNumber="105">Pupa</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="153836E5FFAA8042FF31F8A0FE5CF879" blockId="25.[188,1400,1816,2015]" pageId="25" pageNumber="105">
|
||
Cocoon aperture upward directed, separated from substratum, not corbicular (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8DBC2A60FFAA8042FBD1F8A0FB2CF8F3" box="[1117,1257,1850,1877]" captionStart="Figs 71–90" captionStartId="19.[189,242,1678,1704]" captionTargetBox="[244,1348,265,1639]" captionTargetId="figure-18@19.[239,1352,265,1641]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figs 71–90. Pupae. 71–75. Simulium (Anasolen) Enderlein, 1930. 71. ambositrae Grenier & Grjebine, 1959. 72. dentulosum Roubaud, 1915. 73. imerinae Roubaud, 1905. 74. iphias De-Meillon, 1951. 75. nili Gibbins, 1934. — 76–77. S. (Freemanellum) Crosskey, 1969. 76. debegene De-Meillon, 1934. 77. manense Elsen & Escaffre, 1976. — 78–79. S. (Hearlea) Vargas et al. 1946. 78. canadense Hearle, 1932. 79. capricorne De León, 1945. — 80–81. S. (Hemicnetha) Enderlein, 1934. 80. paynei Vargas, 1942. 81. rubrithorax Lutz, 1909. — 82–83. S (Shewellomyia) Peterson, 1975. 82. claricentrum Adler, 1990. 83. pictipes Hagen, 1880. — 84–85. S. (Obuchovia) Rubtsov, 1947. 84. albellum Rubtsov, 1947. 85. galloprovinciale Giudicelli, 1963. — 86–88. S. (Trichodagmia) Enderlein, 1934. 86. nigrimanum Macquart, 1838. 87. orbitale Lutz, 1910. 88. scutistriatum Lutz, 1909. — 89–90. S. (Disculter) subgen. nov. 89. rivasi Ramírez-Pérez, 1971. 90. oviedoi Ramírez-Pérez, 1971. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5542083" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5542083/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="105">Figs 71–75</figureCitation>
|
||
). Gill much shorter than pupa body, with trunk developed, and totally free or with base enclosed by cocoon anterior margin; with 8–19 filaments arranged in different planes (tridimensional); filaments stiff, cylindrical, with acute apices of different or same color than rest of the gill; inferior branch multibranched. Thoracic trichomes simples.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="153836E5FFA98040FF66FE92FDF7FE55" blockId="26.[187,1399,264,430]" lastBlockId="27.[188,1400,265,499]" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="107" pageId="26" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA98041FF66FE92FE0AFE84" bold="true" box="[234,463,264,291]" pageId="26" pageNumber="106">Larva (last instar)</emphasis>
|
||
Cephalic apotome spots insertion area pigmented (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8DBC2A60FFA98041FC88FEB0FC62FEE3" box="[772,935,299,325]" captionStart="Figs 107–127. 107–113" captionStartId="24.[189,242,1633,1659]" captionTargetBox="[258,1332,270,1587]" captionTargetId="figure-11@24.[244,1343,265,1594]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figs 107–127. 107–113. Larvas (last instar). 107–108. Simulium (Anasolen) Enderlein, 1930. 107. dentulosum Roubaud, 1915. 108. imerinae Roubaud, 1905. — 109. S. (Freemanellum) manense Elsen & Escaffre, 1976. — 110. S. (Hearlea) canadense Hearle, 1932. —111. S. (Hemicnetha) paynei Vargas, 1942. — 112. S. (Shewellomyia) pictipes Hagen, 1880. —113. S. (Obuchovia) auricoma Meigen, 1818. — 114–126. Last instar larvae. Head, dorsal view. 114–118. S. (Anasolen). 114. ambositrae Grenier & Grjebine, 1959. 115. dentulosum. 116. imerinae. 117. masabae Gibbins, 1934. 118. nili Gibbins, 1934. — 119–120. S. (Freemanellum). 119. manense. 120. hirsutilateris De-Meillon, 1937. — 121. S. (Hearlea) canadense. — 122–123. S. (Hemicnetha). 122. brachycladum Lutz & Pinto, 1932. 123. paynei. — 124–125. S. (Shewellomyia). 124. claricentrum Adler, 1990. 125. pictipes. — 126. S. (Obuchovia) ibericum Crosskey & Santos Grácio, 1985. — 127. Antenna of S. (Anasolen) ambositrae. Scale bars: 107–113 = 1 mm; 114–126 = 0.5 mm; 127 = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5542087" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5542087/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="106">Figs 114–118</figureCitation>
|
||
). Postocciput extended over the cervical sclerites or not. Antenna ranging from equal or shorter, to longer than labral fan stalk, with medial antennomere annulated or not. Mandibles with preapical teeth shorter, equal, or longer than apical tooth; with two to up to five mandibular serrations of different sizes. Postgenal cleft rounded; postgenal bridge longer than hypostomal length (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8DBC2A60FFA88040FDB6FE92FD27FE85" box="[570,738,265,291]" captionStart="Figs 128–149" captionStartId="26.[189,242,1640,1666]" captionTargetBox="[194,1394,487,1601]" captionTargetId="figure-76@26.[189,1398,483,1603]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figs 128–149. Larva (last instar). Postgenal cleft. 128–131. Simulium (Anasolen) Enderlein, 1930. 128. ambositrae Grenier & Grjebine, 1959. 129. dentulosum Roubaud, 1915. 130. imerinae Roubaud, 1905. 131. nili Gibbins, 1934. — 132–135. S. (Freemanellum) Crosskey, 1969. 132. berghei Fain, 1949. 133. hirsutilateris De-Meillon, 1937. 134. debegene De-Meillon, 1934. 135. manense Elsen & Escaffre, 1976. — 136–139. S. (Hearlea) Vargas et al., 1946. 136. ayrozai Vargas, 1945. 137. canadense Hearle, 1932. 138. capricorne De León, 1945. 139. larvispinosum De León, 1948. — 140–143. S. (Hemicnetha) Enderlein, 1934. 140. bricenoi Vargas et al., 1946. 141. cristalinum Coscarón & Py-Daniel, 1989. 142. paynei Vargas, 1942. 143. rubrithorax Lutz, 1909. — 144. S. (Obuchovia) galloprovinciale Giudicelli, 1963. —145–147. S. (Trichodagmia) Enderlein, 1934.145. hirtipupa Lutz, 1910.146. lahillei (Paterson & Shannon, 1927). 147. nigrimanum Macquart, 1838. — 148–149. S. (Disculter) subgen. nov. 148. oviedoi Ramírez-Pérez, 1971. 149. rivasi Ramírez-Pérez, 1971. Scale bars = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5542089" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5542089/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="107">Figs 128–131</figureCitation>
|
||
). Hypostoma anterior margin straight; hipostomal teeth extended beyond or below hypostomal anterior margin; medial tooth longer than lateral ones or at same level; lateral serrations absent or present; paralateral teeth present or absent. Body surface mostly glabrous. Abdomen gradually expanding posteroventrally to last segments, then abruptly contracting to posterior proleg (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8DBC2A60FFA88040FE09FE0FFDEFFE08" box="[389,554,404,430]" captionStart="Figs 107–127. 107–113" captionStartId="24.[189,242,1633,1659]" captionTargetBox="[258,1332,270,1587]" captionTargetId="figure-11@24.[244,1343,265,1594]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figs 107–127. 107–113. Larvas (last instar). 107–108. Simulium (Anasolen) Enderlein, 1930. 107. dentulosum Roubaud, 1915. 108. imerinae Roubaud, 1905. — 109. S. (Freemanellum) manense Elsen & Escaffre, 1976. — 110. S. (Hearlea) canadense Hearle, 1932. —111. S. (Hemicnetha) paynei Vargas, 1942. — 112. S. (Shewellomyia) pictipes Hagen, 1880. —113. S. (Obuchovia) auricoma Meigen, 1818. — 114–126. Last instar larvae. Head, dorsal view. 114–118. S. (Anasolen). 114. ambositrae Grenier & Grjebine, 1959. 115. dentulosum. 116. imerinae. 117. masabae Gibbins, 1934. 118. nili Gibbins, 1934. — 119–120. S. (Freemanellum). 119. manense. 120. hirsutilateris De-Meillon, 1937. — 121. S. (Hearlea) canadense. — 122–123. S. (Hemicnetha). 122. brachycladum Lutz & Pinto, 1932. 123. paynei. — 124–125. S. (Shewellomyia). 124. claricentrum Adler, 1990. 125. pictipes. — 126. S. (Obuchovia) ibericum Crosskey & Santos Grácio, 1985. — 127. Antenna of S. (Anasolen) ambositrae. Scale bars: 107–113 = 1 mm; 114–126 = 0.5 mm; 127 = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5542087" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5542087/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="107">Figs 107–108</figureCitation>
|
||
). Anal sclerite no encircling base of posterior proleg. Posterior portion of abdomen without sclerotized accessory plates. Without 1+1 ventral tubercles. Rectal papillae with three multi-branched or simple lobes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="41F8666DFFA98041FF31F9F3FB1AF845" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5542089" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5542089" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5542089/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="106" startId="26.[189,242,1640,1666]" targetBox="[194,1394,487,1601]" targetPageId="26">
|
||
<paragraph id="153836E5FFA98041FF31F9F3FB1AF845" blockId="26.[188,1399,1640,2019]" pageId="26" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA98041FF31F9F3FEA9F925" bold="true" box="[189,364,1640,1667]" pageId="26" pageNumber="106">Figs 128–149.</emphasis>
|
||
Larva (last instar). Postgenal cleft.
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA98041FCA2F9F2FC50F925" bold="true" box="[814,917,1641,1667]" pageId="26" pageNumber="106">128–131</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA98041FC24F9F2FAB7F925" authority="Enderlein, 1930" authorityName="Enderlein" authorityYear="1930" box="[936,1394,1641,1667]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Anasolen">
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA98041FC24F9F2FBD2F925" box="[936,1047,1641,1667]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="106">Simulium</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA98041FBA0F9F2FB5CF925" box="[1068,1177,1641,1667]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="106">Anasolen</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="71164B14FFA98041FB23F9F2FAB7F925" author="Enderlein G." box="[1199,1394,1641,1667]" pageId="26" pageNumber="106" pagination="77 - 97" refId="ref18559" refString="Enderlein G. 1930. Der heutige Stand der Klassifikation der Simuliiden. Archiv fur Klassifikatorische und phylogenetische entomologie 1: 77 - 97." type="journal article" year="1930">Enderlein, 1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA98041FF31F917FF2CF900" bold="true" box="[189,233,1676,1702]" pageId="26" pageNumber="106">128</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA98041FF75F917FD79F901" authority="Grenier & Grjebine, 1959" authorityName="Grenier & Grjebine" authorityYear="1959" box="[249,700,1676,1703]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ambositrae">
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA98041FF75F917FEB8F900" box="[249,381,1676,1702]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="106">ambositrae</emphasis>
|
||
Grenier & Grjebine, 1959
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA98041FD45F917FD31F900" bold="true" box="[713,756,1676,1702]" pageId="26" pageNumber="106">129</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA98041FC88F917FB89F901" authority="Roubaud, 1915" authorityName="Roubaud" authorityYear="1915" box="[772,1100,1676,1703]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dentulosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA98041FC88F917FC4EF900" box="[772,907,1676,1702]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="106">dentulosum</emphasis>
|
||
Roubaud, 1915
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA98041FBD6F917FB40F900" bold="true" box="[1114,1157,1676,1702]" pageId="26" pageNumber="106">130</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA98041FB18F916FF39F96C" authority="Roubaud, 1905" authorityName="Roubaud" authorityYear="1905" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imerinae">
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA98041FB18F916FB39F900" box="[1172,1276,1677,1702]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="106">imerinae</emphasis>
|
||
Roubaud, 1905
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA98041FE89F934FEF4F96F" bold="true" box="[261,305,1711,1737]" pageId="26" pageNumber="106">131</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA98041FEB3F934FDD0F96F" authority="Gibbins, 1934" authorityName="Gibbins" authorityYear="1934" box="[319,533,1711,1737]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nili">
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA98041FEB3F934FEA3F96F" box="[319,358,1711,1737]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="106">nili</emphasis>
|
||
Gibbins, 1934
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. —
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA98041FDCFF934FD6CF96F" bold="true" box="[579,681,1711,1737]" pageId="26" pageNumber="106">132–135</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA98041FD34F934FD02F96F" box="[696,711,1711,1737]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="106">S</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA98041FD52F934FC4DF96F" box="[734,904,1711,1737]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="106">Freemanellum</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="71164B14FFA98041FC14F934FB8AF96F" author="Crosskey R. W." box="[920,1103,1711,1737]" pageId="26" pageNumber="106" pagination="1 - 195" refId="ref17980" refString="Crosskey R. W. 1969. A re-classification of the Simuliidae (Diptera) of Africa and its islands. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Entomology. Supplement 14: 1 - 195. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / p. 78201" type="journal article" year="1969">Crosskey, 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA98041FBD5F934FB40F96F" bold="true" box="[1113,1157,1711,1737]" pageId="26" pageNumber="106">132</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA98041FB18F934FAB7F96F" authority="Fain, 1949" authorityName="Fain" authorityYear="1949" box="[1172,1394,1711,1737]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="berghei">
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA98041FB18F934FB28F96F" box="[1172,1261,1711,1737]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="106">berghei</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="71164B14FFA98041FB7FF934FAB7F96F" author="Fain A." box="[1267,1394,1711,1737]" pageId="26" pageNumber="106" pagination="295 - 298" refId="ref18647" refString="Fain A. 1949. Simulies du Kivu (Congo Belge). Revue de zoologie et de botanique africaines 42: 295 - 298." type="journal article" year="1949">Fain, 1949</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA98041FF30F949FF2DF94A" bold="true" box="[188,232,1746,1772]" pageId="26" pageNumber="106">133</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA98041FF7BF949FDACF94A" authority="De-Meillon, 1937" authorityName="De-Meillon" authorityYear="1937" box="[247,617,1746,1772]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirsutilateris">
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA98041FF7BF949FE4AF94A" box="[247,399,1746,1772]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="106">hirsutilateris</emphasis>
|
||
De-Meillon, 1937
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA98041FDFFF949FD5AF94A" bold="true" box="[627,671,1746,1772]" pageId="26" pageNumber="106">134</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA98041FD22F949FC3DF94A" authority="De-Meillon, 1934" authorityName="De-Meillon" authorityYear="1934" box="[686,1016,1746,1772]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="debegene">
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA98041FD22F949FCD8F94A" box="[686,797,1746,1772]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="106">debegene</emphasis>
|
||
De-Meillon, 1934
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA98041FB8DF949FBE8F94A" bold="true" box="[1025,1069,1746,1772]" pageId="26" pageNumber="106">135</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA98041FBB0F948FF3FF8A9" authority="Elsen & Escaffre, 1976" authorityName="Elsen & Escaffre" authorityYear="1976" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="manense">
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA98041FBB0F948FB66F94A" box="[1084,1187,1747,1772]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="106">manense</emphasis>
|
||
Elsen & Escaffre, 1976
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. —
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA98041FEA7F96EFE57F8A9" bold="true" box="[299,402,1781,1807]" pageId="26" pageNumber="106">136–139</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA98041FE2DF96DFE75F8B6" box="[417,432,1782,1808]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="106">S</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA98041FE44F96EFDEDF8A9" box="[456,552,1781,1807]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="106">Hearlea</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="71164B14FFA98041FDB5F96DFCD2F8A9" author="Vargas L. A. & Martinez Palacios & Diaz Najera A." box="[569,791,1781,1808]" pageId="26" pageNumber="106" pagination="95 - 192" refId="ref21153" refString="Vargas L. A., Martinez Palacios & Diaz Najera A. 1946. Simulidos de Mexico. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales 7: 95 - 192." type="journal article" year="1946">
|
||
Vargas
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA98041FD03F96DFD14F8A9" box="[655,721,1781,1807]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="106">et al.,</emphasis>
|
||
1946
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA98041FCAFF96EFC8AF8A9" bold="true" box="[803,847,1781,1807]" pageId="26" pageNumber="106">136</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA98041FCD1F96DFB92F8B6" authority="Vargas, 1945" authorityName="Vargas" authorityYear="1945" box="[861,1111,1781,1808]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ayrozai">
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA98041FCD1F96DFC71F8A9" box="[861,948,1782,1807]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="106">ayrozai</emphasis>
|
||
Vargas, 1945
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA98041FBEEF96EFB4BF8A9" bold="true" box="[1122,1166,1781,1807]" pageId="26" pageNumber="106">137</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA98041FB12F96EFF3EF895" authority="Hearle, 1932" authorityName="Hearle" authorityYear="1932" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="canadense">
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA98041FB12F96EFADFF8A9" box="[1182,1306,1781,1807]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="106">canadense</emphasis>
|
||
Hearle, 1932
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA98041FE89F882FEF4F895" bold="true" box="[261,305,1817,1843]" pageId="26" pageNumber="106">138</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA98041FEB3F881FDB3F892" authority="De Leon, 1945" authorityName="De Leon" authorityYear="1945" box="[319,630,1817,1844]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capricorne">
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA98041FEB3F881FE05F895" box="[319,448,1818,1843]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="106">capricorne</emphasis>
|
||
De León, 1945
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA98041FDF3F882FD6EF895" bold="true" box="[639,683,1817,1843]" pageId="26" pageNumber="106">139</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA98041FD36F882FBD2F895" authority="De Leon, 1948" authorityName="De Leon" authorityYear="1948" box="[698,1047,1817,1843]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="larvispinosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA98041FD36F882FCA5F895" box="[698,864,1817,1843]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="106">larvispinosum</emphasis>
|
||
De León, 1948
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. —
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA98041FBC8F882FB6FF895" bold="true" box="[1092,1194,1817,1843]" pageId="26" pageNumber="106">140–143</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA98041FB35F882FB0DF895" box="[1209,1224,1817,1843]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="106">S</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA98041FB53F882FAA8F895" authorityName="Enderlein" authorityYear="1934" box="[1247,1389,1817,1843]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Hemicnetha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA98041FB53F882FAA8F895" box="[1247,1389,1817,1843]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="106">Hemicnetha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) Enderlein, 1934.
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA98041FE1DF8A7FE78F8F0" bold="true" box="[401,445,1852,1878]" pageId="26" pageNumber="106">140</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA98041FE5CF8A7FDF7F8F0" authorityName="Vargas, Palacios & Najera" authorityYear="1946" box="[464,562,1852,1878]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bricenoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA98041FE5CF8A7FDF7F8F0" box="[464,562,1852,1878]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="106">bricenoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="71164B14FFA98041FDB2F8A7FCEFF8F0" author="Vargas L. A. & Martinez Palacios & Diaz Najera A." box="[574,810,1852,1878]" pageId="26" pageNumber="106" pagination="95 - 192" refId="ref21153" refString="Vargas L. A., Martinez Palacios & Diaz Najera A. 1946. Simulidos de Mexico. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales 7: 95 - 192." type="journal article" year="1946">
|
||
Vargas
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA98041FD15F8A6FD25F8F0" box="[665,736,1852,1878]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="106">et al.,</emphasis>
|
||
1946
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA98041FCB7F8A7FCA2F8F0" bold="true" box="[827,871,1852,1878]" pageId="26" pageNumber="106">141</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA98041FCF6F8A7FAB7F8F0" authority="Coscaron & Py-Daniel, 1989" authorityName="Coscaron & Py-Daniel" authorityYear="1989" box="[890,1394,1852,1878]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cristalinum">
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA98041FCF6F8A7FBC5F8F0" box="[890,1024,1852,1878]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="106">cristalinum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="71164B14FFA98041FB80F8A7FAB7F8F0" author="Coscaron S. & Py-Daniel V." box="[1036,1394,1852,1878]" pageId="26" pageNumber="106" pagination="313 - 321" refId="ref17626" refString="Coscaron S. & Py-Daniel V. 1989. Tres especies nuevas de Simulium Latreille de la region Neotropical: Simulium (Hemicnetha) cristalinum sp. n., (Grenieriella) wygodzinskyorum sp. n. y sumapazense sp. n. (Diptera, Simuliidae). Revista de Saude Publica de Sao Paulo 23: 313 - 321. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0034 - 89101989000400007" type="journal article" year="1989">Coscarón & Py-Daniel, 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA98041FF31F8C4FF2CF8DF" bold="true" box="[189,233,1887,1913]" pageId="26" pageNumber="106">142</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA98041FF72F8FBFE38F8DF" authority="Vargas, 1942" authorityName="Vargas" authorityYear="1942" box="[254,509,1887,1914]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paynei">
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA98041FF72F8FBFE89F8DF" box="[254,332,1888,1913]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="106">paynei</emphasis>
|
||
Vargas, 1942
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA98041FD83F8C4FDFEF8DF" bold="true" box="[527,571,1887,1913]" pageId="26" pageNumber="106">143</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA98041FDDCF8C4FCB5F8DF" authority="Lutz, 1909" authorityName="Lutz" authorityYear="1909" box="[592,880,1887,1914]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubrithorax">
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA98041FDDCF8C4FD1CF8DF" box="[592,729,1887,1913]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="106">rubrithorax</emphasis>
|
||
Lutz, 1909
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. —
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA98041FC22F8C4FC1FF8DF" bold="true" box="[942,986,1887,1913]" pageId="26" pageNumber="106">144</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA98041FC63F8C4FEB8F83A" authority="Giudicelli, 1963" authorityName="Giudicelli" authorityYear="1963" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="galloprovinciale" subGenus="Obuchovia">
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA98041FC63F8C4FC3BF8DF" box="[1007,1022,1887,1913]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="106">S</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA98041FB91F8C4FB5BF8DF" box="[1053,1182,1887,1913]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="106">Obuchovia</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA98041FB3AF8C4FAB2F8DF" box="[1206,1399,1887,1913]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="106">galloprovinciale</emphasis>
|
||
Giudicelli, 1963
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. —
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA98041FE29F819FDC9F83A" bold="true" box="[421,524,1922,1948]" pageId="26" pageNumber="106">145–147</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA98041FD97F818FDEFF83B" box="[539,554,1923,1949]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="106">S</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA98041FDB3F819FD21F83A" authorityName="Enderlein" authorityYear="1934" box="[575,740,1922,1948]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Trichodagmia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA98041FDB3F819FD21F83A" box="[575,740,1922,1948]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="106">Trichodagmia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) Enderlein, 1934.
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA98041FC39F819FC24F83A" bold="true" box="[949,993,1922,1948]" pageId="26" pageNumber="106">145</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA98041FC7CF819FB27F83A" authority="Lutz, 1910" authorityName="Lutz" authorityYear="1910" box="[1008,1250,1922,1949]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirtipupa">
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA98041FC7CF819FB98F83A" box="[1008,1117,1922,1948]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="106">hirtipupa</emphasis>
|
||
Lutz, 1910
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA98041FB65F819FAD0F83A" bold="true" box="[1257,1301,1922,1948]" pageId="26" pageNumber="106">146</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA98041FAAFF819FDCEF866" authority="(Paterson & Shannon, 1927)" baseAuthorityName="Paterson & Shannon" baseAuthorityYear="1927" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lahillei">
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA98041FAAFF819FAB3F83A" box="[1315,1398,1922,1948]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="106">lahillei</emphasis>
|
||
(Paterson & Shannon, 1927)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA98041FD98F83EFD85F819" bold="true" box="[532,576,1957,1983]" pageId="26" pageNumber="106">147</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA98041FDC2F83DFC65F866" authority="Macquart, 1838" authorityName="Macquart" authorityYear="1838" box="[590,928,1958,1984]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrimanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA98041FDC2F83DFD18F819" box="[590,733,1958,1983]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="106">nigrimanum</emphasis>
|
||
Macquart, 1838
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. —
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA98041FC40F83EFBF6F819" bold="true" box="[972,1075,1957,1983]" pageId="26" pageNumber="106">148–149</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA98041FBCDF83DFB92F866" box="[1089,1111,1958,1984]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="106">S.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA98041FBEBF83EFB11F819" box="[1127,1236,1957,1983]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="106">Disculter</emphasis>
|
||
) subgen. nov.
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA98041FF30F852FF2DF845" bold="true" box="[188,232,1993,2019]" pageId="26" pageNumber="106">148</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA98041FF74F852FD95F845" authority="Ramirez-Perez, 1971" authorityName="Ramirez-Perez" authorityYear="1971" box="[248,592,1993,2019]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oviedoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA98041FF74F852FE8BF845" box="[248,334,1993,2019]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="106">oviedoi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="71164B14FFA98041FED9F852FD95F845" author="Ramirez-Perez J." box="[341,592,1993,2019]" pageId="26" pageNumber="106" pagination="271 - 371" refId="ref20594" refString="Ramirez-Perez J. 1971. Distribucion geografica y revision taxonomica de los simulidos (Diptera: Nematocera) de Venezuela con descripcion de diez especies nuevas. Acta Biologica Venezolana 7: 271 - 371." type="journal article" year="1971">Ramírez-Pérez, 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA98041FDD0F852FD4DF845" bold="true" box="[604,648,1993,2019]" pageId="26" pageNumber="106">149</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA98041FD1AF851FC1EF845" authority="Ramirez-Perez, 1971" authorityName="Ramirez-Perez" authorityYear="1971" box="[662,987,1993,2019]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rivasi">
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA98041FD1AF851FD1CF845" box="[662,729,1994,2019]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="106">rivasi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="71164B14FFA98041FD6CF852FC1EF845" author="Ramirez-Perez J." box="[736,987,1993,2019]" pageId="26" pageNumber="106" pagination="271 - 371" refId="ref20594" refString="Ramirez-Perez J. 1971. Distribucion geografica y revision taxonomica de los simulidos (Diptera: Nematocera) de Venezuela con descripcion de diez especies nuevas. Acta Biologica Venezolana 7: 271 - 371." type="journal article" year="1971">Ramírez-Pérez, 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Scale bars = 0.2 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="5D9D656EFFA88040FF31FD80FABDFC47" pageId="27" pageNumber="107" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="153836E5FFA88040FF31FD80FEEAFD93" blockId="27.[189,303,539,565]" box="[189,303,539,565]" pageId="27" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<heading id="4E708189FFA88040FF31FD80FEEAFD93" bold="true" box="[189,303,539,565]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="27" pageNumber="107" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA88040FF31FD80FEEAFD93" bold="true" box="[189,303,539,565]" pageId="27" pageNumber="107">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="153836E5FFA88040FF31FDD2FE24FD6B" blockId="27.[189,1399,585,717]" pageId="27" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA88040FF31FDD2FE70FDC5" authority="" authorityName="Enderlein" authorityYear="1930" box="[189,437,585,611]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Anasolen">
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA88040FF31FDD2FEE9FDC5" box="[189,300,585,611]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="107">Simulium</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA88040FEB2FDD2FE6EFDC5" box="[318,427,585,611]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="107">Anasolen</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA88040FE7DFDD2FE3AFDC5" box="[497,511,585,611]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="107">S</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA88040FD94FDD2FD05FDC5" box="[536,704,585,611]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="107">Xenosimulium</emphasis>
|
||
) were both recovered as monophyletic and well supported based on two and eight synapomorphies, respectively (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8DBC2A60FFA88040FCA0FDF7FCAAFD20" box="[812,879,620,646]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[189,232,1810,1836]" captionTargetBox="[246,1347,273,1766]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[218,1369,265,1769]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 1. Strict consensus of the three most parsimonious trees that resulted from the analysis under Implied Weights with K = 3 (Fit = 26.33977; Ci = 0.24; Ri = 0.75). Bremer support values (> 50) mapped above branches and bootstrap values over 50% are given below the nodes. Blue numbers on nodes (1–21) represent clades. Blue terminal taxa are the original ingroup included in the analysis. Colored branches show the proposed classification.Simulium (Disculter) subgen. nov. correspond to old Oviedoi species-group." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5542071" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5542071/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="107">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<tableCitation id="5805035EFFA88040FCF5FDF7FC0AFD20" box="[889,975,620,646]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="6.[189,259,265,291]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Table 2. Synapomorphies of the three trees obtained with implied weights from k3 to k100 (Fig. 1) used to construct the final hypothesis. Bold are non-homoplastic apomorphies." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/41F8666DFFB5805DFF31FE92FBD2FEE0" pageId="27" pageNumber="107" tableUuid="41F8666DFFB5805DFF31FE92FBD2FEE0">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
, nodes 14, 13). In
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA88040FB1AFDF7FB60FD20" box="[1174,1189,620,646]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="107">S</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA88040FB31FDF7FAA0FD20" box="[1213,1381,620,646]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="107">Xenosimulium</emphasis>
|
||
), two of them are unique: larval antenna annulated (45 (1),
|
||
<figureCitation id="8DBC2A60FFA88040FC01FD14FC31FD0F" box="[909,1012,655,681]" captionStart="Figs 107–127. 107–113" captionStartId="24.[189,242,1633,1659]" captionTargetBox="[258,1332,270,1587]" captionTargetId="figure-11@24.[244,1343,265,1594]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figs 107–127. 107–113. Larvas (last instar). 107–108. Simulium (Anasolen) Enderlein, 1930. 107. dentulosum Roubaud, 1915. 108. imerinae Roubaud, 1905. — 109. S. (Freemanellum) manense Elsen & Escaffre, 1976. — 110. S. (Hearlea) canadense Hearle, 1932. —111. S. (Hemicnetha) paynei Vargas, 1942. — 112. S. (Shewellomyia) pictipes Hagen, 1880. —113. S. (Obuchovia) auricoma Meigen, 1818. — 114–126. Last instar larvae. Head, dorsal view. 114–118. S. (Anasolen). 114. ambositrae Grenier & Grjebine, 1959. 115. dentulosum. 116. imerinae. 117. masabae Gibbins, 1934. 118. nili Gibbins, 1934. — 119–120. S. (Freemanellum). 119. manense. 120. hirsutilateris De-Meillon, 1937. — 121. S. (Hearlea) canadense. — 122–123. S. (Hemicnetha). 122. brachycladum Lutz & Pinto, 1932. 123. paynei. — 124–125. S. (Shewellomyia). 124. claricentrum Adler, 1990. 125. pictipes. — 126. S. (Obuchovia) ibericum Crosskey & Santos Grácio, 1985. — 127. Antenna of S. (Anasolen) ambositrae. Scale bars: 107–113 = 1 mm; 114–126 = 0.5 mm; 127 = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5542087" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5542087/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="107">Fig. 127</figureCitation>
|
||
) and larval rectal papillae with undivided lobes (62 (0)).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="153836E5FFA88040FF31FD6FFABDFC47" blockId="27.[189,1400,756,994]" pageId="27" pageNumber="107">
|
||
Both groups form a clade based on five synapomorphies (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8DBC2A60FFA88040FCD5FD6FFC5BFCA8" box="[857,926,756,782]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[189,232,1810,1836]" captionTargetBox="[246,1347,273,1766]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[218,1369,265,1769]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 1. Strict consensus of the three most parsimonious trees that resulted from the analysis under Implied Weights with K = 3 (Fit = 26.33977; Ci = 0.24; Ri = 0.75). Bremer support values (> 50) mapped above branches and bootstrap values over 50% are given below the nodes. Blue numbers on nodes (1–21) represent clades. Blue terminal taxa are the original ingroup included in the analysis. Colored branches show the proposed classification.Simulium (Disculter) subgen. nov. correspond to old Oviedoi species-group." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5542071" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5542071/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="107">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<tableCitation id="5805035EFFA88040FC26FD6FFBC6FCA8" box="[938,1027,756,782]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="6.[189,259,265,291]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Table 2. Synapomorphies of the three trees obtained with implied weights from k3 to k100 (Fig. 1) used to construct the final hypothesis. Bold are non-homoplastic apomorphies." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/41F8666DFFB5805DFF31FE92FBD2FEE0" pageId="27" pageNumber="107" tableUuid="41F8666DFFB5805DFF31FE92FBD2FEE0">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
, node 12), some of them unique among the Afrotropical black flies: hypoginial valves of similar shape and orientation (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8DBC2A60FFA88040FB51FC8CFAADFC94" box="[1245,1384,791,818]" captionStart="Figs 16–32" captionStartId="11.[189,242,1663,1689]" captionTargetBox="[258,1329,265,1625]" captionTargetId="figure-206@11.[255,1331,265,1626]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figs 16–32. Females. 16–21. Hypoginial valves. 16–17. Simulium (Anasolen) Enderlein, 1930. 16. dentulosum Roubaud, 1915.17. neireti Roubaud, 1905. —18. S. (Freemanellum) berghei Fain, 1949. — 19–20. S. (Hemicnetha) Enderlein, 1934. 19. cristalinum Coscarón & Py-Daniel, 1989. 20. virgatum Coquillett, 1902. — 21. S. (Trichodagmia) scutistriatum Lutz, 1909. — 22–32. Anal lobe and cercus. 22–23. S. (Anasolen). 22. masabae Gibbins, 1934. 23. neireti. — 24. S. (Freemanellum) hirsutilateris De-Meillon, 1937.— 25. S. (Hearlea) ayrozai Vargas, 1945. — 26. S. (Hemicnetha) tarsatum Macquart, 1846. — 27. S. (Shewellomyia) claricentrum Adler, 1990. — 28–30. S. (Trichodagmia). 28. guianense Wise, 1911. 29. lahillei (Paterson & Shannon, 1927). 30. scutistriatum. — 31–32. S. (Disculter) subgen. nov. 31. rivasi Ramírez-Pérez, 1971. 32. oviedoi Ramírez-Pérez, 1971. Scale bars: 16–21 = 0.1 mm; 22–32 = 0.05 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5542077" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5542077/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="107">Figs 16–17</figureCitation>
|
||
), similar anal lobe shape (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8DBC2A60FFA88040FE64FCA1FDB1FCF2" box="[488,628,826,852]" captionStart="Figs 16–32" captionStartId="11.[189,242,1663,1689]" captionTargetBox="[258,1329,265,1625]" captionTargetId="figure-206@11.[255,1331,265,1626]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figs 16–32. Females. 16–21. Hypoginial valves. 16–17. Simulium (Anasolen) Enderlein, 1930. 16. dentulosum Roubaud, 1915.17. neireti Roubaud, 1905. —18. S. (Freemanellum) berghei Fain, 1949. — 19–20. S. (Hemicnetha) Enderlein, 1934. 19. cristalinum Coscarón & Py-Daniel, 1989. 20. virgatum Coquillett, 1902. — 21. S. (Trichodagmia) scutistriatum Lutz, 1909. — 22–32. Anal lobe and cercus. 22–23. S. (Anasolen). 22. masabae Gibbins, 1934. 23. neireti. — 24. S. (Freemanellum) hirsutilateris De-Meillon, 1937.— 25. S. (Hearlea) ayrozai Vargas, 1945. — 26. S. (Hemicnetha) tarsatum Macquart, 1846. — 27. S. (Shewellomyia) claricentrum Adler, 1990. — 28–30. S. (Trichodagmia). 28. guianense Wise, 1911. 29. lahillei (Paterson & Shannon, 1927). 30. scutistriatum. — 31–32. S. (Disculter) subgen. nov. 31. rivasi Ramírez-Pérez, 1971. 32. oviedoi Ramírez-Pérez, 1971. Scale bars: 16–21 = 0.1 mm; 22–32 = 0.05 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5542077" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5542077/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="107">Figs 22–23</figureCitation>
|
||
), and shape of pupal gills (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8DBC2A60FFA88040FC4FFCA1FB95FCF2" box="[963,1104,826,852]" captionStart="Figs 91–106" captionStartId="22.[189,242,1746,1772]" captionTargetBox="[193,1394,299,1678]" captionTargetId="figure-11@22.[189,1398,299,1678]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figs 91–106. Gills of pupae. 91–94. Simulium (Anasolen) Enderlein, 1930. 91. bisnovem Gibbins, 1938. 92. dentulosum Roubaud, 1915. 93. imerinae Roubaud, 1905. 94. masabae Gibbins, 1934. — 95– 97. S. (Freemanellum) Crosskey, 1969. 95. debegene De-Meillon, 1934. 96. manense Elsen & Escaffre, 1976. 97. hessei Gibbins, 1941. — 98. S. (Hearlea) canadense Hearle, 1932. — 99–102. S. (Hemicnetha) Enderlein, 1934.99. cristalinum Coscarón & Py-Daniel, 1989.100. earlei Vargaset al., 1946.101. paynei Vargas, 1942. 102. virgatum Coquillett, 1902. —103. S. (Obuchovia) galloprovinciale Giudicelli, 1963. — 104–106. S. (Trichodagmia) Enderlein, 1934. 104. nigrimanum Macquart, 1838. 105. hirtipupa Lutz, 1910. 106. scutistriatum Lutz, 1909. Scale bars: 91–104, 106 = 0.2 mm; 105 = 0.05 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5542085" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5542085/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="107">Figs 91–94</figureCitation>
|
||
). Therefore, we propose to subsume
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA88040FEDBFCC5FEA3FCDE" box="[343,358,862,888]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="107">S</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA88040FE09FCC6FDE8FCD1" box="[389,557,861,887]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="107">Xenosimulium</emphasis>
|
||
) as the Imerinae species-group (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8DBC2A60FFA88040FC43FCC6FBD9FCDE" box="[975,1052,861,888]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[189,232,1810,1836]" captionTargetBox="[246,1347,273,1766]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[218,1369,265,1769]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 1. Strict consensus of the three most parsimonious trees that resulted from the analysis under Implied Weights with K = 3 (Fit = 26.33977; Ci = 0.24; Ri = 0.75). Bremer support values (> 50) mapped above branches and bootstrap values over 50% are given below the nodes. Blue numbers on nodes (1–21) represent clades. Blue terminal taxa are the original ingroup included in the analysis. Colored branches show the proposed classification.Simulium (Disculter) subgen. nov. correspond to old Oviedoi species-group." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5542071" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5542071/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="107">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
, node 13) (five species) in
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA88040FF31FC1AFF09FC3D" box="[189,204,897,923]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="107">S</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA88040FF69FC1AFE97FC3D" authorityName="Enderlein" authorityYear="1930" box="[229,338,897,923]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Anasolen" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA88040FF69FC1AFE97FC3D" box="[229,338,897,923]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="107">Anasolen</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and treat the species already included in
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA88040FCC7FC1AFCA4FC3D" box="[843,865,897,923]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="107">S.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA88040FCFEFC1AFC1AFC3D" authorityName="Enderlein" authorityYear="1930" box="[882,991,897,923]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Anasolen" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA88040FCFEFC1AFC1AFC3D" box="[882,991,897,923]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="107">Anasolen</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) as the Dentulosum species-group (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8DBC2A60FFA88040FF4AFC3FFEC8FC18" box="[198,269,932,958]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[189,232,1810,1836]" captionTargetBox="[246,1347,273,1766]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[218,1369,265,1769]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 1. Strict consensus of the three most parsimonious trees that resulted from the analysis under Implied Weights with K = 3 (Fit = 26.33977; Ci = 0.24; Ri = 0.75). Bremer support values (> 50) mapped above branches and bootstrap values over 50% are given below the nodes. Blue numbers on nodes (1–21) represent clades. Blue terminal taxa are the original ingroup included in the analysis. Colored branches show the proposed classification.Simulium (Disculter) subgen. nov. correspond to old Oviedoi species-group." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5542071" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5542071/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="107">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
, node 14) (11 species). Both species-groups can be differentiated by: female hypoginial valves; male ventral plate and parameres; pupal gill morphology; larval antenna, hypostoma and rectal papillae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="5D9D656EFFA88040FDF9FB84FD62F9AF" pageId="27" pageNumber="107" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="153836E5FFA88040FDF9FB84FC7AFB9F" blockId="27.[629,959,1055,1081]" box="[629,959,1055,1081]" pageId="27" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA88040FDF9FB84FC7AFB9F" bold="true" box="[629,959,1055,1081]" pageId="27" pageNumber="107">Dentulosum species-group</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="153836E5FFA88040FF31FBFBFEDDFBDC" blockId="27.[189,280,1120,1146]" box="[189,280,1120,1146]" pageId="27" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<heading id="4E708189FFA88040FF31FBFBFEDDFBDC" bold="true" box="[189,280,1120,1146]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="27" pageNumber="107" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA88040FF31FBFBFEDDFBDC" bold="true" box="[189,280,1120,1146]" pageId="27" pageNumber="107">Species</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="153836E5FFA88040FF31FB14FD95FB0F" blockId="27.[189,679,1167,1546]" box="[189,592,1167,1193]" pageId="27" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA88040FF31FB14FD95FB0F" ID-CoL="8DX5P" authority="Gibbins, 1938" authorityName="Gibbins" authorityYear="1938" box="[189,592,1167,1193]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bisnovem">
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA88040FF31FB14FE67FB0F" box="[189,418,1167,1193]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="107">Simulium bisnovem</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="71164B14FFA88040FE25FB14FD95FB0F" author="Gibbins E. G." box="[425,592,1167,1193]" pageId="27" pageNumber="107" pagination="21 - 33" refId="ref18959" refString="Gibbins E. G. 1938. Notes on Ethiopian Simuliidae. - II. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 32: 21 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00034983.1938.11685009" type="journal article" year="1938">Gibbins, 1938</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="153836E5FFA88040FF31FB28FDD9FB6B" blockId="27.[189,679,1167,1546]" box="[189,540,1202,1229]" pageId="27" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA88040FF31FB28FDD9FB6B" ID-CoL="8DX5Q" authority="Roubaud, 1915" authorityName="Roubaud" authorityYear="1915" box="[189,540,1202,1229]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dentulosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA88040FF31FB28FEA4FB6A" box="[189,353,1202,1229]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="107">S. dentulosum</emphasis>
|
||
Roubaud, 1915
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="153836E5FFA88040FF31FB4DFDD9FB56" blockId="27.[189,679,1167,1546]" box="[189,540,1238,1264]" pageId="27" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA88040FF31FB4DFDD9FB56" ID-CoL="8DX5R" authority="Gouteux, 1977" authorityName="Gouteux" authorityYear="1977" box="[189,540,1238,1264]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="heptaspicae">
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA88040FF31FB4DFEA3FB56" box="[189,358,1238,1264]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="107">S. heptaspicae</emphasis>
|
||
Gouteux, 1977
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="153836E5FFA88040FF31FB62FDC3FAB5" blockId="27.[189,679,1167,1546]" box="[189,518,1273,1299]" pageId="27" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA88040FF31FB62FDC3FAB5" ID-CoL="8DX5S" authority="Gibbins, 1938" authorityName="Gibbins" authorityYear="1938" box="[189,518,1273,1299]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kauntzeum">
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA88040FF31FB62FE92FAB5" box="[189,343,1273,1299]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="107">S. kauntzeum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="71164B14FFA88040FED3FB62FDC3FAB5" author="Gibbins E. G." box="[351,518,1273,1299]" pageId="27" pageNumber="107" pagination="21 - 33" refId="ref18959" refString="Gibbins E. G. 1938. Notes on Ethiopian Simuliidae. - II. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 32: 21 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00034983.1938.11685009" type="journal article" year="1938">Gibbins, 1938</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="153836E5FFA88040FF31FA87FE35FA90" blockId="27.[189,679,1167,1546]" box="[189,496,1308,1334]" pageId="27" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA88040FF31FA87FE35FA90" ID-CoL="8DX5T" authority="Gibbins, 1934" authorityName="Gibbins" authorityYear="1934" box="[189,496,1308,1334]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="masabae">
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA88040FF31FA87FE87FA90" box="[189,322,1308,1334]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="107">S. masabae</emphasis>
|
||
Gibbins, 1934
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="153836E5FFA88040FF31FADBFE08FAFC" blockId="27.[189,679,1167,1546]" box="[189,461,1343,1370]" pageId="27" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA88040FF31FADBFE08FAFC" ID-CoL="8DX5V" authority="Fain, 1950" authorityName="Fain" authorityYear="1950" box="[189,461,1343,1370]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ngabogei">
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA88040FF31FADBFE82FAFF" box="[189,327,1343,1370]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="107">S. ngabogei</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="71164B14FFA88040FEC3FAA4FE08FAFC" author="Fain A." box="[335,461,1343,1370]" pageId="27" pageNumber="107" pagination="101 - 123" refId="ref18673" refString="Fain A. 1950. Simulies nouvelles du Ruanda-Urundi. Revue de zoologie et de botanique africaines 43: 101 - 123." type="journal article" year="1950">Fain, 1950</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="153836E5FFA88040FF31FAF8FE6AFADB" blockId="27.[189,679,1167,1546]" box="[189,431,1378,1405]" pageId="27" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA88040FF31FAF8FE6AFADB" ID-CoL="8DX5W" authority="Gibbins, 1934" authorityName="Gibbins" authorityYear="1934" box="[189,431,1378,1405]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nili">
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA88040FF31FAF8FEC4FADA" box="[189,257,1378,1405]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="107">S. nili</emphasis>
|
||
Gibbins, 1934
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="153836E5FFA88040FF31FA1DFDC3FA06" blockId="27.[189,679,1167,1546]" box="[189,518,1414,1440]" pageId="27" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA88040FF31FA1DFDC3FA06" ID-CoL="8DX5X" authority="Gibbins, 1937" authorityName="Gibbins" authorityYear="1937" box="[189,518,1414,1440]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="octospicae">
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA88040FF31FA1DFE92FA39" box="[189,343,1414,1440]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="107">S. octospicae</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="71164B14FFA88040FED3FA1DFDC3FA06" author="Gibbins E. G." box="[351,518,1414,1440]" pageId="27" pageNumber="107" pagination="289 - 309" refId="ref18919" refString="Gibbins E. G. 1937. Simuliidae of the Buganda, eastern and western provinces of Uganda. Bulletin of Entomological Research 28: 289 - 309. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0007485300038438" type="journal article" year="1937">Gibbins, 1937</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="153836E5FFA88040FF31FA32FD85FA65" blockId="27.[189,679,1167,1546]" box="[189,576,1449,1475]" pageId="27" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA88040FF31FA32FD85FA65" authority="De-Meillon, 1942" authorityName="De-Meillon" authorityYear="1942" box="[189,576,1449,1475]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhodesiense">
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA88040FF31FA32FEA3FA65" box="[189,358,1449,1475]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="107">S. rhodesiense</emphasis>
|
||
De-Meillon, 1942
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="153836E5FFA88040FF31FA57FD82FA41" blockId="27.[189,679,1167,1546]" box="[189,583,1484,1511]" pageId="27" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA88040FF31FA57FD82FA41" ID-CoL="8DX5Z" authority="Grenier & Ovazza, 1956" authorityName="Grenier & Ovazza" authorityYear="1956" box="[189,583,1484,1511]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shoae">
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA88040FF31FA57FEDBFA40" box="[189,286,1484,1510]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="107">S. shoae</emphasis>
|
||
Grenier & Ovazza, 1956
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="153836E5FFA88040FF31FA6BFD62F9AF" blockId="27.[189,679,1167,1546]" box="[189,679,1519,1546]" pageId="27" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFA88040FF31FA6BFD62F9AF" ID-CoL="8DX62" authority="Grenier, Ovazza & Valade, 1960" authorityName="Grenier, Ovazza & Valade" authorityYear="1960" box="[189,679,1519,1546]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="voltae">
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA88040FF31FA6BFEE7F9AF" box="[189,290,1519,1546]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="107">S. voltae</emphasis>
|
||
Grenier, Ovazza & Valade, 1960
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="5D9D656EFFA88047FF31F9ABFD34FE50" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="108" pageId="27" pageNumber="107" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="153836E5FFA88040FF31F9ABFEF3F9EC" blockId="27.[189,310,1584,1610]" box="[189,310,1584,1610]" pageId="27" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<heading id="4E708189FFA88040FF31F9ABFEF3F9EC" bold="true" box="[189,310,1584,1610]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="27" pageNumber="107" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA88040FF31F9ABFEF3F9EC" bold="true" box="[189,310,1584,1610]" pageId="27" pageNumber="107">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="153836E5FFA88040FF66F9C4FE80F9DF" blockId="27.[189,892,1631,1693]" box="[234,325,1631,1657]" pageId="27" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA88040FF66F9C4FE80F9DF" bold="true" box="[234,325,1631,1657]" pageId="27" pageNumber="107">Female</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="153836E5FFA88040FF31F919FCB9F93B" blockId="27.[189,892,1631,1693]" box="[189,892,1666,1693]" pageId="27" pageNumber="107">
|
||
Hypoginial valves shorter than sternite VIII width (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8DBC2A60FFA88040FC9BF919FCAAF93B" box="[791,879,1666,1693]" captionStart="Figs 16–32" captionStartId="11.[189,242,1663,1689]" captionTargetBox="[258,1329,265,1625]" captionTargetId="figure-206@11.[255,1331,265,1626]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figs 16–32. Females. 16–21. Hypoginial valves. 16–17. Simulium (Anasolen) Enderlein, 1930. 16. dentulosum Roubaud, 1915.17. neireti Roubaud, 1905. —18. S. (Freemanellum) berghei Fain, 1949. — 19–20. S. (Hemicnetha) Enderlein, 1934. 19. cristalinum Coscarón & Py-Daniel, 1989. 20. virgatum Coquillett, 1902. — 21. S. (Trichodagmia) scutistriatum Lutz, 1909. — 22–32. Anal lobe and cercus. 22–23. S. (Anasolen). 22. masabae Gibbins, 1934. 23. neireti. — 24. S. (Freemanellum) hirsutilateris De-Meillon, 1937.— 25. S. (Hearlea) ayrozai Vargas, 1945. — 26. S. (Hemicnetha) tarsatum Macquart, 1846. — 27. S. (Shewellomyia) claricentrum Adler, 1990. — 28–30. S. (Trichodagmia). 28. guianense Wise, 1911. 29. lahillei (Paterson & Shannon, 1927). 30. scutistriatum. — 31–32. S. (Disculter) subgen. nov. 31. rivasi Ramírez-Pérez, 1971. 32. oviedoi Ramírez-Pérez, 1971. Scale bars: 16–21 = 0.1 mm; 22–32 = 0.05 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5542077" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5542077/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="107">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="153836E5FFA88040FF66F95FFEEFF978" blockId="27.[189,1399,1732,1829]" box="[234,298,1732,1758]" pageId="27" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA88040FF66F95FFEEFF978" bold="true" box="[234,298,1732,1758]" pageId="27" pageNumber="107">Male</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="153836E5FFA88040FF31F97CFAB2F882" blockId="27.[189,1399,1732,1829]" pageId="27" pageNumber="107">
|
||
Ventral plate with sub-equal width and length; lateral shoulders present (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8DBC2A60FFA88040FBA6F97CFB44F8A4" box="[1066,1153,1767,1794]" captionStart="Figs 33–49" captionStartId="14.[189,242,1674,1700]" captionTargetBox="[250,1339,265,1632]" captionTargetId="figure-11@14.[247,1340,265,1633]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figs 33–49. Males. Ventral plate. 33–37. Simulium (Anasolen) Enderlein, 1930. 33. dentulosum Roubaud, 1915. 34. imerinae Roubaud, 1905. 35. kauntzeum Gibbins, 1938. 36. masabae Gibbins, 1934. 37. nili Gibbins, 1934. — 38. S. (Freemanellum) debegene De-Meillon, 1934. — 39– 40. S. (Hearlea) Vargas et al. 1946. 39. ayrozai Vargas, 1945. 40. larvispinosum De León, 1948. — 41–42. S. (Hemicnetha) Enderlein, 1934. 41. bricenoi Vargas et al., 1946. 42. tarsatum Macquart, 1846. — 43. S. (Shewellomyia) claricentrum Adler, 1990. — 44. S. (Obuchovia) galloprovinciale Giudicelli, 1963. — 45–47. S. (Trichodagmia) Enderlein, 1934. 45. itaunense D’Andretta & Dolores González, 1964. 46. lahillei (Paterson & Shannon, 1927). 47. scutistriatum Lutz, 1909. — 48–49. S. (Disculter) subgen. nov. 48. rivasi Ramírez-Pérez, 1971. 49. oviedoi Ramírez-Pérez, 1971. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5542079" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5542079/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="107">Fig. 35</figureCitation>
|
||
) or absent (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8DBC2A60FFA88040FA98F97CFECEF883" captionStart="Figs 33–49" captionStartId="14.[189,242,1674,1700]" captionTargetBox="[250,1339,265,1632]" captionTargetId="figure-11@14.[247,1340,265,1633]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figs 33–49. Males. Ventral plate. 33–37. Simulium (Anasolen) Enderlein, 1930. 33. dentulosum Roubaud, 1915. 34. imerinae Roubaud, 1905. 35. kauntzeum Gibbins, 1938. 36. masabae Gibbins, 1934. 37. nili Gibbins, 1934. — 38. S. (Freemanellum) debegene De-Meillon, 1934. — 39– 40. S. (Hearlea) Vargas et al. 1946. 39. ayrozai Vargas, 1945. 40. larvispinosum De León, 1948. — 41–42. S. (Hemicnetha) Enderlein, 1934. 41. bricenoi Vargas et al., 1946. 42. tarsatum Macquart, 1846. — 43. S. (Shewellomyia) claricentrum Adler, 1990. — 44. S. (Obuchovia) galloprovinciale Giudicelli, 1963. — 45–47. S. (Trichodagmia) Enderlein, 1934. 45. itaunense D’Andretta & Dolores González, 1964. 46. lahillei (Paterson & Shannon, 1927). 47. scutistriatum Lutz, 1909. — 48–49. S. (Disculter) subgen. nov. 48. rivasi Ramírez-Pérez, 1971. 49. oviedoi Ramírez-Pérez, 1971. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5542079" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5542079/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="107">Figs 33, 36–37</figureCitation>
|
||
); posteromedial process absent. Parameres with both distinctly large and small accessory spines.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="153836E5FFA88040FF66F8D7FEEEF8C0" blockId="27.[189,1399,1868,1964]" box="[234,299,1868,1894]" pageId="27" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFA88040FF66F8D7FEEEF8C0" bold="true" box="[234,299,1868,1894]" pageId="27" pageNumber="107">Pupa</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="153836E5FFA88040FF31F8F4FF2EF80A" blockId="27.[189,1399,1868,1964]" pageId="27" pageNumber="107">
|
||
Gill filaments with apices darkly pigmented, contrasting in color with the rest of the gill (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8DBC2A60FFA88040FB65F8F4FF1BF80A" captionStart="Figs 91–106" captionStartId="22.[189,242,1746,1772]" captionTargetBox="[193,1394,299,1678]" captionTargetId="figure-11@22.[189,1398,299,1678]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figs 91–106. Gills of pupae. 91–94. Simulium (Anasolen) Enderlein, 1930. 91. bisnovem Gibbins, 1938. 92. dentulosum Roubaud, 1915. 93. imerinae Roubaud, 1905. 94. masabae Gibbins, 1934. — 95– 97. S. (Freemanellum) Crosskey, 1969. 95. debegene De-Meillon, 1934. 96. manense Elsen & Escaffre, 1976. 97. hessei Gibbins, 1941. — 98. S. (Hearlea) canadense Hearle, 1932. — 99–102. S. (Hemicnetha) Enderlein, 1934.99. cristalinum Coscarón & Py-Daniel, 1989.100. earlei Vargaset al., 1946.101. paynei Vargas, 1942. 102. virgatum Coquillett, 1902. —103. S. (Obuchovia) galloprovinciale Giudicelli, 1963. — 104–106. S. (Trichodagmia) Enderlein, 1934. 104. nigrimanum Macquart, 1838. 105. hirtipupa Lutz, 1910. 106. scutistriatum Lutz, 1909. Scale bars: 91–104, 106 = 0.2 mm; 105 = 0.05 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5542085" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5542085/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="107">Figs 91–92, 94</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="153836E5FFAF8047FF66FE92FE0AFE84" blockId="28.[187,1399,264,502]" box="[234,463,264,291]" pageId="28" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFAF8047FF66FE92FE0AFE84" bold="true" box="[234,463,264,291]" pageId="28" pageNumber="108">Larva (last instar)</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="153836E5FFAF8047FF31FEB7FD34FE50" blockId="28.[187,1399,264,502]" pageId="28" pageNumber="108">
|
||
Postocciput extended over the cervical sclerites (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8DBC2A60FFAF8047FD62FEB7FC0DFEE0" box="[750,968,299,326]" captionStart="Figs 107–127. 107–113" captionStartId="24.[189,242,1633,1659]" captionTargetBox="[258,1332,270,1587]" captionTargetId="figure-11@24.[244,1343,265,1594]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figs 107–127. 107–113. Larvas (last instar). 107–108. Simulium (Anasolen) Enderlein, 1930. 107. dentulosum Roubaud, 1915. 108. imerinae Roubaud, 1905. — 109. S. (Freemanellum) manense Elsen & Escaffre, 1976. — 110. S. (Hearlea) canadense Hearle, 1932. —111. S. (Hemicnetha) paynei Vargas, 1942. — 112. S. (Shewellomyia) pictipes Hagen, 1880. —113. S. (Obuchovia) auricoma Meigen, 1818. — 114–126. Last instar larvae. Head, dorsal view. 114–118. S. (Anasolen). 114. ambositrae Grenier & Grjebine, 1959. 115. dentulosum. 116. imerinae. 117. masabae Gibbins, 1934. 118. nili Gibbins, 1934. — 119–120. S. (Freemanellum). 119. manense. 120. hirsutilateris De-Meillon, 1937. — 121. S. (Hearlea) canadense. — 122–123. S. (Hemicnetha). 122. brachycladum Lutz & Pinto, 1932. 123. paynei. — 124–125. S. (Shewellomyia). 124. claricentrum Adler, 1990. 125. pictipes. — 126. S. (Obuchovia) ibericum Crosskey & Santos Grácio, 1985. — 127. Antenna of S. (Anasolen) ambositrae. Scale bars: 107–113 = 1 mm; 114–126 = 0.5 mm; 127 = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5542087" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5542087/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="108">Figs 115, 117–118</figureCitation>
|
||
). Antenna equal or shorter than labral fan stalk; medial antennomere not annulated. Mandibles with preapical teeth shorter (e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFAF8047FB47FED4FAA8FECF" authorityName="Roubaud" authorityYear="1915" box="[1227,1389,335,361]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dentulosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFAF8047FB47FED4FAA8FECF" box="[1227,1389,335,361]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="108">S. dentulosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFAF8047FF31FEE9FEC5FE2A" authorityName="Gibbins" authorityYear="1934" box="[189,256,370,396]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nili">
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFAF8047FF31FEE9FEC5FE2A" box="[189,256,370,396]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="108">S. nili</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) or as long as apical tooth (e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFAF8047FDF4FEE9FCD4FE2A" authorityName="Gibbins" authorityYear="1938" box="[632,785,370,396]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kauntzeum">
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFAF8047FDF4FEE9FCD4FE2A" box="[632,785,370,396]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="108">S. kauntzeum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFAF8047FCACFEE9FC6FFE2A" authorityName="Fain" authorityYear="1950" box="[800,938,370,396]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ngabogei">
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFAF8047FCACFEE9FC6FFE2A" box="[800,938,370,396]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="108">S. ngabogei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); two mandibular serrations of equal or different sizes. Hypostomal (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8DBC2A60FFAF8047FD82FE0EFDB4FE16" box="[526,625,405,432]" captionStart="Figs 150–157" captionStartId="31.[189,242,1807,1833]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,880,1766]" captionTargetId="figure-125@31.[189,1398,880,1766]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figs 150–157. Larva (last instar). Hypostoma. 150–151. Simulium (Anasolen) Enderlein, 1930. 150. ambositrae Grenier & Grjebine, 1959. 151. nili Gibbins, 1934. — 152. S. (Freemanellum) manense Elsen & Escaffre, 1976. — 153–154. S. (Hemicnetha) Enderlein, 1934. 153. brachycladum Lutz & Pinto, 1932. 154. rubrithorax Lutz, 1909. — 155. S. (Obuchovia) galloprovinciale Giudicelli, 1963. — 156–157. S. (Trichodagmia) Enderlein, 1934. 156. hirtipupa Lutz, 1910. 157. lahillei (Paterson & Shannon, 1927). Scale bars = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5542091" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5542091/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="108">Fig. 151</figureCitation>
|
||
) teeth extended beyond hypostomal anterior margin; medial tooth distinctly longer than lateral ones; lateral serrations well-developed, sharp; paralateral teeth present. Rectal papillae with three multi-branched lobes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="5D9D656EFFAF8047FF31FD86FADEFD69" pageId="28" pageNumber="108" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="153836E5FFAF8047FF31FD86FE93FD91" blockId="28.[189,342,541,567]" box="[189,342,541,567]" pageId="28" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<heading id="4E708189FFAF8047FF31FD86FE93FD91" bold="true" box="[189,342,541,567]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="28" pageNumber="108" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFAF8047FF31FD86FE93FD91" bold="true" box="[189,342,541,567]" pageId="28" pageNumber="108">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="153836E5FFAF8047FF31FDD7FADEFD69" blockId="28.[189,1399,588,720]" pageId="28" pageNumber="108">
|
||
Dentulosum is distributed in the following countries of the Afrotropical Region:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6D907675FFAF8047FBE1FDD7FB03FDC0" box="[1133,1222,588,614]" name="Angola" pageId="28" pageNumber="108">Angola</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6D907675FFAF8047FB5EFDD7FAB7FDC0" box="[1234,1394,588,614]" name="Burkina Faso" pageId="28" pageNumber="108">Burkina Faso</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6D907675FFAF8047FF31FDF4FEFFFD2F" box="[189,314,623,649]" name="Cameroon" pageId="28" pageNumber="108">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6D907675FFAF8047FECAFDF4FD7DFD2F" box="[326,696,623,649]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="28" pageNumber="108">Democratic Republic of Congo</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6D907675FFAF8047FD4FFDF4FC58FD2F" box="[707,925,623,649]" name="Equatorial Guinea" pageId="28" pageNumber="108">Equatorial Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6D907675FFAF8047FC24FDF4FC3EFD2F" box="[936,1019,623,649]" name="Eritrea" pageId="28" pageNumber="108">Eritrea</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6D907675FFAF8047FB8AFDF4FBA9FD2F" box="[1030,1132,623,649]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="28" pageNumber="108">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6D907675FFAF8047FBF4FDF4FB0DFD2F" box="[1144,1224,623,649]" name="Ghana" pageId="28" pageNumber="108">Ghana</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6D907675FFAF8047FB58FDF4FAE9FD2F" box="[1236,1324,623,649]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="28" pageNumber="108">Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6D907675FFAF8047FABBFDF4FEC6FD0A" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="28" pageNumber="108">Ivory Coast</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6D907675FFAF8047FE82FD08FE9BFD0B" box="[270,350,659,685]" name="Kenya" pageId="28" pageNumber="108">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6D907675FFAF8047FEE5FD09FE0EFD0A" box="[361,459,658,684]" name="Lesotho" pageId="28" pageNumber="108">Lesotho</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6D907675FFAF8047FE5AFD09FDF6FD0A" box="[470,563,658,684]" name="Malawi" pageId="28" pageNumber="108">Malawi</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6D907675FFAF8047FDB3FD09FD5FFD0A" box="[575,666,658,684]" name="Nigeria" pageId="28" pageNumber="108">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6D907675FFAF8047FD29FD09FCCDFD0A" box="[677,776,658,684]" name="Rwanda" pageId="28" pageNumber="108">Rwanda</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6D907675FFAF8047FC98FD09FBE3FD0A" box="[788,1062,658,684]" name="Sao Tome and Principe" pageId="28" pageNumber="108">São Tomé and Príncipe</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6D907675FFAF8047FBBEFD09FB08FD0A" box="[1074,1229,658,684]" name="Saudi Arabia" pageId="28" pageNumber="108">Saudi Arabia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6D907675FFAF8047FB54FD09FAB7FD0B" box="[1240,1394,658,685]" name="Sierra Leone" pageId="28" pageNumber="108">Sierra Leone</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6D907675FFAF8047FF31FD2EFE90FD69" box="[189,341,693,719]" name="South Africa" pageId="28" pageNumber="108">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6D907675FFAF8047FEEDFD2EFE68FD69" box="[353,429,693,719]" name="Sudan" pageId="28" pageNumber="108">Sudan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6D907675FFAF8047FE35FD2EFDF3FD69" box="[441,566,693,719]" name="Swaziland" pageId="28" pageNumber="108">Swaziland</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6D907675FFAF8047FDCDFD2EFD6BFD69" box="[577,686,693,719]" name="Tanzania" pageId="28" pageNumber="108">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6D907675FFAF8047FD35FD2DFD3DFD76" box="[697,760,694,720]" name="Togo" pageId="28" pageNumber="108">Togo</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6D907675FFAF8047FC8FFD2EFCA4FD69" box="[771,865,693,719]" name="Uganda" pageId="28" pageNumber="108">Uganda</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6D907675FFAF8047FCE0FD2DFC7BFD76" box="[876,958,694,720]" name="Yemen" pageId="28" pageNumber="108">Yemen</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6D907675FFAF8047FC7BFD2EFBB1FD69" box="[1015,1140,693,719]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="28" pageNumber="108">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="71164B14FFAF8047FB0FFD2EFACAFD69" author="Adler P. H." box="[1155,1295,693,719]" pageId="28" pageNumber="108" refId="ref17347" refString="Adler P. H. 2020. World Blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae): A Comprehensive Revision of the Taxonomic and Geographical Inventory. Clemson University, Clemson." type="book" year="2020">Adler 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="5D9D656EFFAF8047FD04FC96FE24FB83" pageId="28" pageNumber="108" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="153836E5FFAF8047FD04FC96FC69FC81" blockId="28.[648,940,781,807]" box="[648,940,781,807]" pageId="28" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFAF8047FD04FC96FC69FC81" bold="true" box="[648,940,781,807]" pageId="28" pageNumber="108">Imerinae species-group</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="153836E5FFAF8047FF31FCD5FEDDFCCE" blockId="28.[189,280,846,872]" box="[189,280,846,872]" pageId="28" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<heading id="4E708189FFAF8047FF31FCD5FEDDFCCE" bold="true" box="[189,280,846,872]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="28" pageNumber="108" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFAF8047FF31FCD5FEDDFCCE" bold="true" box="[189,280,846,872]" pageId="28" pageNumber="108">Species</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="153836E5FFAF8047FF31FCE6FD2BFC3E" blockId="28.[189,750,893,1061]" box="[189,750,893,920]" pageId="28" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFAF8047FF31FCE6FD2BFC3E" ID-CoL="8DZ5H" authority="Grenier & Grjebine, 1959" authorityName="Grenier & Grjebine" authorityYear="1959" box="[189,750,893,920]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ambositrae">
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFAF8047FF31FCE6FE72FC31" box="[189,439,893,919]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="108">Simulium ambositrae</emphasis>
|
||
Grenier & Grjebine, 1959
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="153836E5FFAF8047FF31FC3AFDB4FC1D" blockId="28.[189,750,893,1061]" box="[189,625,928,955]" pageId="28" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFAF8047FF31FC3AFDB4FC1D" ID-CoL="8DZ5V" authority="Ovazza & Ovazza, 1970" authorityName="Ovazza & Ovazza" authorityYear="1970" box="[189,625,928,955]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="griveaudi">
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFAF8047FF31FC3AFE8FFC1C" box="[189,330,928,955]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="108">S. griveaudi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="71164B14FFAF8047FEDEFC3AFDB4FC1D" author="Ovazza M. & Ovazza L." box="[338,625,929,955]" pageId="28" pageNumber="108" pagination="3 - 19" refId="ref20326" refString="Ovazza M. & Ovazza L. 1970. Simulies anthropophiles de Madagascar. Description de Simulium griveaudi n. sp. Journal of Entomological Medicine and Parasitology 1: 3 - 19." type="journal article" year="1970">Ovazza & Ovazza, 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="153836E5FFAF8047FF31FC5FFE3BFC79" blockId="28.[189,750,893,1061]" box="[189,510,964,991]" pageId="28" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFAF8047FF31FC5FFE3BFC79" ID-CoL="8DZ62" authority="Roubaud, 1905" authorityName="Roubaud" authorityYear="1905" box="[189,510,964,991]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imerinae">
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFAF8047FF31FC5FFE87FC78" box="[189,322,964,990]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="108">S. imerinae</emphasis>
|
||
Roubaud, 1905
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="153836E5FFAF8047FF31FC7CFE39FBA4" blockId="28.[189,750,893,1061]" box="[189,508,999,1026]" pageId="28" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFAF8047FF31FC7CFE39FBA4" ID-CoL="8DZ64" authority="De-Meillon, 1951" authorityName="De-Meillon" authorityYear="1951" box="[189,508,999,1026]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iphias">
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFAF8047FF31FC7CFEE7FBA7" box="[189,290,999,1025]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="108">S. iphias</emphasis>
|
||
De-Meillon, 1951
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="153836E5FFAF8047FF31FB90FE24FB83" blockId="28.[189,750,893,1061]" box="[189,481,1034,1061]" pageId="28" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFAF8047FF31FB90FE24FB83" ID-CoL="8DZ69" authority="Roubaud, 1905" authorityName="Roubaud" authorityYear="1905" box="[189,481,1034,1061]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neireti">
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFAF8047FF31FB90FEE0FB82" box="[189,293,1035,1061]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="108">S. neireti</emphasis>
|
||
Roubaud, 1905
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="5D9D656EFFAF8047FF31FBD0FAB2F97A" pageId="28" pageNumber="108" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="153836E5FFAF8047FF31FBD0FEF3FBC3" blockId="28.[189,310,1099,1125]" box="[189,310,1099,1125]" pageId="28" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<heading id="4E708189FFAF8047FF31FBD0FEF3FBC3" bold="true" box="[189,310,1099,1125]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="28" pageNumber="108" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFAF8047FF31FBD0FEF3FBC3" bold="true" box="[189,310,1099,1125]" pageId="28" pageNumber="108">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="153836E5FFAF8047FF66FBE1FE80FB32" blockId="28.[189,886,1146,1208]" box="[234,325,1146,1172]" pageId="28" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFAF8047FF66FBE1FE80FB32" bold="true" box="[234,325,1146,1172]" pageId="28" pageNumber="108">Female</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="153836E5FFAF8047FF31FB06FCB3FB11" blockId="28.[189,886,1146,1208]" box="[189,886,1181,1208]" pageId="28" pageNumber="108">
|
||
Hypoginial valves longer than sternite VIII width (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8DBC2A60FFAF8047FC9DFB06FCA2FB11" box="[785,871,1181,1207]" captionStart="Figs 16–32" captionStartId="11.[189,242,1663,1689]" captionTargetBox="[258,1329,265,1625]" captionTargetId="figure-206@11.[255,1331,265,1626]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figs 16–32. Females. 16–21. Hypoginial valves. 16–17. Simulium (Anasolen) Enderlein, 1930. 16. dentulosum Roubaud, 1915.17. neireti Roubaud, 1905. —18. S. (Freemanellum) berghei Fain, 1949. — 19–20. S. (Hemicnetha) Enderlein, 1934. 19. cristalinum Coscarón & Py-Daniel, 1989. 20. virgatum Coquillett, 1902. — 21. S. (Trichodagmia) scutistriatum Lutz, 1909. — 22–32. Anal lobe and cercus. 22–23. S. (Anasolen). 22. masabae Gibbins, 1934. 23. neireti. — 24. S. (Freemanellum) hirsutilateris De-Meillon, 1937.— 25. S. (Hearlea) ayrozai Vargas, 1945. — 26. S. (Hemicnetha) tarsatum Macquart, 1846. — 27. S. (Shewellomyia) claricentrum Adler, 1990. — 28–30. S. (Trichodagmia). 28. guianense Wise, 1911. 29. lahillei (Paterson & Shannon, 1927). 30. scutistriatum. — 31–32. S. (Disculter) subgen. nov. 31. rivasi Ramírez-Pérez, 1971. 32. oviedoi Ramírez-Pérez, 1971. Scale bars: 16–21 = 0.1 mm; 22–32 = 0.05 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5542077" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5542077/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="108">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="153836E5FFAF8047FF66FB44FEEFFB5F" blockId="28.[188,1398,1247,1379]" box="[234,298,1247,1273]" pageId="28" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFAF8047FF66FB44FEEFFB5F" bold="true" box="[234,298,1247,1273]" pageId="28" pageNumber="108">Male</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="153836E5FFAF8047FF31FA99FC0DFAC4" blockId="28.[188,1398,1247,1379]" pageId="28" pageNumber="108">
|
||
Ventral plate two times longer than wide; lateral shoulders projected (e.g.,
|
||
<figureCitation id="8DBC2A60FFAF8047FBD7FA99FB73FABA" box="[1115,1206,1282,1308]" captionStart="Figs 33–49" captionStartId="14.[189,242,1674,1700]" captionTargetBox="[250,1339,265,1632]" captionTargetId="figure-11@14.[247,1340,265,1633]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figs 33–49. Males. Ventral plate. 33–37. Simulium (Anasolen) Enderlein, 1930. 33. dentulosum Roubaud, 1915. 34. imerinae Roubaud, 1905. 35. kauntzeum Gibbins, 1938. 36. masabae Gibbins, 1934. 37. nili Gibbins, 1934. — 38. S. (Freemanellum) debegene De-Meillon, 1934. — 39– 40. S. (Hearlea) Vargas et al. 1946. 39. ayrozai Vargas, 1945. 40. larvispinosum De León, 1948. — 41–42. S. (Hemicnetha) Enderlein, 1934. 41. bricenoi Vargas et al., 1946. 42. tarsatum Macquart, 1846. — 43. S. (Shewellomyia) claricentrum Adler, 1990. — 44. S. (Obuchovia) galloprovinciale Giudicelli, 1963. — 45–47. S. (Trichodagmia) Enderlein, 1934. 45. itaunense D’Andretta & Dolores González, 1964. 46. lahillei (Paterson & Shannon, 1927). 47. scutistriatum Lutz, 1909. — 48–49. S. (Disculter) subgen. nov. 48. rivasi Ramírez-Pérez, 1971. 49. oviedoi Ramírez-Pérez, 1971. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5542079" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5542079/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="108">Fig. 34</figureCitation>
|
||
); posteromedial process present (e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFAF8047FE35FABDFD83FA99" authorityName="Ovazza & Ovazza" authorityYear="1970" box="[441,582,1317,1344]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="griveaudi">
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFAF8047FE35FABDFD83FA99" box="[441,582,1317,1344]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="108">S. griveaudi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFAF8047FDD9FABDFD7FFA99" authorityName="De-Meillon" authorityYear="1951" box="[597,698,1317,1344]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iphias">
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFAF8047FDD9FABDFD7FFA99" box="[597,698,1317,1344]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="108">S. iphias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFAF8047FD4BFABDFCEAFA99" authorityName="Roubaud" authorityYear="1905" box="[711,815,1318,1344]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neireti">
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFAF8047FD4BFABDFCEAFA99" box="[711,815,1318,1344]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="108">S. neireti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), cylindrical and lower or equal than ventral plate length, or absent (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8DBC2A60FFAF8047FE03FAD3FE22FAC4" box="[399,487,1352,1378]" captionStart="Figs 33–49" captionStartId="14.[189,242,1674,1700]" captionTargetBox="[250,1339,265,1632]" captionTargetId="figure-11@14.[247,1340,265,1633]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figs 33–49. Males. Ventral plate. 33–37. Simulium (Anasolen) Enderlein, 1930. 33. dentulosum Roubaud, 1915. 34. imerinae Roubaud, 1905. 35. kauntzeum Gibbins, 1938. 36. masabae Gibbins, 1934. 37. nili Gibbins, 1934. — 38. S. (Freemanellum) debegene De-Meillon, 1934. — 39– 40. S. (Hearlea) Vargas et al. 1946. 39. ayrozai Vargas, 1945. 40. larvispinosum De León, 1948. — 41–42. S. (Hemicnetha) Enderlein, 1934. 41. bricenoi Vargas et al., 1946. 42. tarsatum Macquart, 1846. — 43. S. (Shewellomyia) claricentrum Adler, 1990. — 44. S. (Obuchovia) galloprovinciale Giudicelli, 1963. — 45–47. S. (Trichodagmia) Enderlein, 1934. 45. itaunense D’Andretta & Dolores González, 1964. 46. lahillei (Paterson & Shannon, 1927). 47. scutistriatum Lutz, 1909. — 48–49. S. (Disculter) subgen. nov. 48. rivasi Ramírez-Pérez, 1971. 49. oviedoi Ramírez-Pérez, 1971. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5542079" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5542079/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="108">Fig. 34</figureCitation>
|
||
). Parameres with all spines equal in size.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="153836E5FFAF8047FF66FA11FEEEFA02" blockId="28.[189,945,1418,1480]" box="[234,299,1418,1444]" pageId="28" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFAF8047FF66FA11FEEEFA02" bold="true" box="[234,299,1418,1444]" pageId="28" pageNumber="108">Pupa</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="153836E5FFAF8047FF31FA36FC74FA61" blockId="28.[189,945,1418,1480]" box="[189,945,1453,1480]" pageId="28" pageNumber="108">
|
||
Gill filaments with apices concolorous with rest of gill (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8DBC2A60FFAF8047FCC0FA36FC61FA61" box="[844,932,1453,1479]" captionStart="Figs 91–106" captionStartId="22.[189,242,1746,1772]" captionTargetBox="[193,1394,299,1678]" captionTargetId="figure-11@22.[189,1398,299,1678]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figs 91–106. Gills of pupae. 91–94. Simulium (Anasolen) Enderlein, 1930. 91. bisnovem Gibbins, 1938. 92. dentulosum Roubaud, 1915. 93. imerinae Roubaud, 1905. 94. masabae Gibbins, 1934. — 95– 97. S. (Freemanellum) Crosskey, 1969. 95. debegene De-Meillon, 1934. 96. manense Elsen & Escaffre, 1976. 97. hessei Gibbins, 1941. — 98. S. (Hearlea) canadense Hearle, 1932. — 99–102. S. (Hemicnetha) Enderlein, 1934.99. cristalinum Coscarón & Py-Daniel, 1989.100. earlei Vargaset al., 1946.101. paynei Vargas, 1942. 102. virgatum Coquillett, 1902. —103. S. (Obuchovia) galloprovinciale Giudicelli, 1963. — 104–106. S. (Trichodagmia) Enderlein, 1934. 104. nigrimanum Macquart, 1838. 105. hirtipupa Lutz, 1910. 106. scutistriatum Lutz, 1909. Scale bars: 91–104, 106 = 0.2 mm; 105 = 0.05 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5542085" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5542085/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="108">Fig. 93</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="153836E5FFAF8047FF66FA74FE0AF9AE" blockId="28.[188,1400,1518,1756]" box="[234,463,1518,1545]" pageId="28" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFAF8047FF66FA74FE0AF9AE" bold="true" box="[234,463,1518,1545]" pageId="28" pageNumber="108">Larva (last instar)</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="153836E5FFAF8047FF31F989FAB2F97A" blockId="28.[188,1400,1518,1756]" pageId="28" pageNumber="108">
|
||
Postocciput extended over the cervical sclerites (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8DBC2A60FFAF8047FC8DF989FCADF98A" box="[769,872,1553,1580]" captionStart="Figs 107–127. 107–113" captionStartId="24.[189,242,1633,1659]" captionTargetBox="[258,1332,270,1587]" captionTargetId="figure-11@24.[244,1343,265,1594]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figs 107–127. 107–113. Larvas (last instar). 107–108. Simulium (Anasolen) Enderlein, 1930. 107. dentulosum Roubaud, 1915. 108. imerinae Roubaud, 1905. — 109. S. (Freemanellum) manense Elsen & Escaffre, 1976. — 110. S. (Hearlea) canadense Hearle, 1932. —111. S. (Hemicnetha) paynei Vargas, 1942. — 112. S. (Shewellomyia) pictipes Hagen, 1880. —113. S. (Obuchovia) auricoma Meigen, 1818. — 114–126. Last instar larvae. Head, dorsal view. 114–118. S. (Anasolen). 114. ambositrae Grenier & Grjebine, 1959. 115. dentulosum. 116. imerinae. 117. masabae Gibbins, 1934. 118. nili Gibbins, 1934. — 119–120. S. (Freemanellum). 119. manense. 120. hirsutilateris De-Meillon, 1937. — 121. S. (Hearlea) canadense. — 122–123. S. (Hemicnetha). 122. brachycladum Lutz & Pinto, 1932. 123. paynei. — 124–125. S. (Shewellomyia). 124. claricentrum Adler, 1990. 125. pictipes. — 126. S. (Obuchovia) ibericum Crosskey & Santos Grácio, 1985. — 127. Antenna of S. (Anasolen) ambositrae. Scale bars: 107–113 = 1 mm; 114–126 = 0.5 mm; 127 = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5542087" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5542087/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="108">Fig. 116</figureCitation>
|
||
). Antenna with distal antennomere and ½ of medial antennomere surpassing labral fan stalk; medial antennomere secondarity annulated (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8DBC2A60FFAF8047FA8FF9AEFAAEF9E9" box="[1283,1387,1589,1615]" captionStart="Figs 107–127. 107–113" captionStartId="24.[189,242,1633,1659]" captionTargetBox="[258,1332,270,1587]" captionTargetId="figure-11@24.[244,1343,265,1594]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figs 107–127. 107–113. Larvas (last instar). 107–108. Simulium (Anasolen) Enderlein, 1930. 107. dentulosum Roubaud, 1915. 108. imerinae Roubaud, 1905. — 109. S. (Freemanellum) manense Elsen & Escaffre, 1976. — 110. S. (Hearlea) canadense Hearle, 1932. —111. S. (Hemicnetha) paynei Vargas, 1942. — 112. S. (Shewellomyia) pictipes Hagen, 1880. —113. S. (Obuchovia) auricoma Meigen, 1818. — 114–126. Last instar larvae. Head, dorsal view. 114–118. S. (Anasolen). 114. ambositrae Grenier & Grjebine, 1959. 115. dentulosum. 116. imerinae. 117. masabae Gibbins, 1934. 118. nili Gibbins, 1934. — 119–120. S. (Freemanellum). 119. manense. 120. hirsutilateris De-Meillon, 1937. — 121. S. (Hearlea) canadense. — 122–123. S. (Hemicnetha). 122. brachycladum Lutz & Pinto, 1932. 123. paynei. — 124–125. S. (Shewellomyia). 124. claricentrum Adler, 1990. 125. pictipes. — 126. S. (Obuchovia) ibericum Crosskey & Santos Grácio, 1985. — 127. Antenna of S. (Anasolen) ambositrae. Scale bars: 107–113 = 1 mm; 114–126 = 0.5 mm; 127 = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5542087" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5542087/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="108">Fig. 127</figureCitation>
|
||
). Mandibles with preapical teeth equal or longer than apical tooth; supernumerary mandibular serrations (except in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFAF8047FEB3F9E7FE26F933" authorityName="Grenier & Grjebine" authorityYear="1959" box="[319,483,1659,1686]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ambositrae">
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFAF8047FEB3F9E7FE8BF930" box="[319,334,1660,1686]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="108">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFAF8047FED3F9E0FE26F933" box="[351,483,1659,1685]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="108">ambositrae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) of different sizes. Hypostomal (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8DBC2A60FFAF8047FCF9F9E0FC19F930" box="[885,988,1659,1686]" captionStart="Figs 150–157" captionStartId="31.[189,242,1807,1833]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,880,1766]" captionTargetId="figure-125@31.[189,1398,880,1766]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figs 150–157. Larva (last instar). Hypostoma. 150–151. Simulium (Anasolen) Enderlein, 1930. 150. ambositrae Grenier & Grjebine, 1959. 151. nili Gibbins, 1934. — 152. S. (Freemanellum) manense Elsen & Escaffre, 1976. — 153–154. S. (Hemicnetha) Enderlein, 1934. 153. brachycladum Lutz & Pinto, 1932. 154. rubrithorax Lutz, 1909. — 155. S. (Obuchovia) galloprovinciale Giudicelli, 1963. — 156–157. S. (Trichodagmia) Enderlein, 1934. 156. hirtipupa Lutz, 1910. 157. lahillei (Paterson & Shannon, 1927). Scale bars = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5542091" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5542091/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="108">Fig. 150</figureCitation>
|
||
) teeth very reduced and extended below hypostomal anterior margin; lateral serrations blunt (e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFAF8047FC2AF904FB83F91E" authorityName="Grenier & Grjebine" authorityYear="1959" box="[934,1094,1694,1721]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ambositrae">
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFAF8047FC2AF904FB83F91E" box="[934,1094,1694,1721]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="108">S. ambositrae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFAF8047FBD8F904FB7EF91E" authorityName="Roubaud" authorityYear="1905" box="[1108,1211,1695,1721]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neireti">
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFAF8047FBD8F904FB7EF91E" box="[1108,1211,1695,1721]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="108">S. neireti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) or absent (e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFAF8047FF30F959FE8CF97A" authorityName="Ovazza & Ovazza" authorityYear="1970" box="[188,329,1730,1756]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="griveaudi">
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFAF8047FF30F959FE8CF97A" box="[188,329,1730,1756]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="108">S. griveaudi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFAF8047FED5F959FE1BF97D" authorityName="Roubaud" authorityYear="1905" box="[345,478,1730,1756]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imerinae">
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFAF8047FED5F959FE1BF97D" box="[345,478,1730,1756]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="108">S. imerinae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFAF8047FE60F959FD94F97A" authorityName="De-Meillon" authorityYear="1951" box="[492,593,1730,1756]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iphias">
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFAF8047FE60F959FD94F97A" box="[492,593,1730,1756]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="108">S. iphias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); paralateral teeth absent. Rectal papillae without secondary lobules.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="5D9D656EFFAF8047FF31F898FE99F8C9" pageId="28" pageNumber="108" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="153836E5FFAF8047FF31F898FE93F8BB" blockId="28.[189,342,1795,1821]" box="[189,342,1795,1821]" pageId="28" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<heading id="4E708189FFAF8047FF31F898FE93F8BB" bold="true" box="[189,342,1795,1821]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="28" pageNumber="108" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFAF8047FF31F898FE93F8BB" bold="true" box="[189,342,1795,1821]" pageId="28" pageNumber="108">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="153836E5FFAF8047FF31F8A9FE99F8C9" blockId="28.[188,1397,1842,1903]" pageId="28" pageNumber="108">
|
||
The Imerinae group is endemic to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6D907675FFAF8047FDC7F8A9FD1CF8EA" box="[587,729,1842,1868]" name="Madagascar" pageId="28" pageNumber="108">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
but
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2874D66FFAF8047FC86F8A9FC4AF8ED" authorityName="Roubaud" authorityYear="1905" box="[778,911,1842,1868]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imerinae">
|
||
<emphasis id="27F3EAF7FFAF8047FC86F8A9FC4AF8ED" box="[778,911,1842,1868]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="108">S. imerinae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is also recorded from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6D907675FFAF8047FB30F8A9FAB0F8EA" box="[1212,1397,1842,1868]" name="Comoros" pageId="28" pageNumber="108">Comoro Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="71164B14FFAF8047FF48F8CEFE89F8C9" author="Adler P. H." box="[196,332,1877,1903]" pageId="28" pageNumber="108" refId="ref17347" refString="Adler P. H. 2020. World Blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae): A Comprehensive Revision of the Taxonomic and Geographical Inventory. Clemson University, Clemson." type="book" year="2020">Adler 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |