453 lines
52 KiB
XML
453 lines
52 KiB
XML
<document id="70B42C3A669477EE38F28EFEFDE800F6" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3682.3.7" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8aff1255-1356-4493-bad7-9b3e1049513c" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="218673" ID-ZooBank="50B82368-6A4F-4B43-BF99-493AAEDFEC4B" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460643405172" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Liu, Zulian, Xue, Dayong, Wang, Wenkai & Han, Hongxiang" docDate="2013" docId="4A49878AC95FF564FF67FBD1FD03FA9D" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03682p474.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3682 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Psyra Walker 1860" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="461" masterDocId="B670FFF2C95EF566FFF0FFEFFFF3FFB2" masterDocTitle="A review of Psyra Walker, 1860 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae) from China, with description of one new species" masterLastPageNumber="474" masterPageNumber="459" pageNumber="460" updateTime="1698336358715" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="71FEB99C75064CA698188F034C3420E2">A review of Psyra Walker, 1860 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae) from China, with description of one new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="09AC433550C8993D108DEED2E760E46B">Liu, Zulian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9A95354BD8B758D8D386FEAB922625A2">Xue, Dayong</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3409E79AE38D871AEB4488C5F0DB517F">Wang, Wenkai</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="E2D7AA4BFB248D6FF266F72D81BF60D6">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="5251D63ACE4C4364E137ED8C60216337">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="49698216EEF319733F10ED57F40A5FCC">3682</mods:number>
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<treatment id="4A49878AC95FF564FF67FBD1FD03FA9D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6157884" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119571723" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6157884" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4A49878AC95FF564FF67FBD1FD03FA9D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4A49878AC95FF564FF67FBD1FD03FA9D" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="461" pageId="1" pageNumber="460">
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<subSubSection id="8AFA6517C95FF567FF67FBD1FE75FBEA" box="[151,390,1086,1112]" pageId="1" pageNumber="460" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="C25F369CC95FF567FF67FBD1FE75FBEA" blockId="1.[151,390,1086,1112]" box="[151,390,1086,1112]" pageId="1" pageNumber="460">
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<heading id="991781F0C95FF567FF67FBD1FE75FBEA" bold="true" box="[151,390,1086,1112]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="460" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="05E04D1FC95FF567FF67FBD1FE75FBEA" ID-CoL="92LCF" authority="Walker, 1860" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1860" box="[151,390,1086,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Psyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="460" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="F094EA8EC95FF567FF67FBD1FE75FBEA" bold="true" box="[151,390,1086,1112]" pageId="1" pageNumber="460">
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<emphasis id="F094EA8EC95FF567FF67FBD1FF28FBEA" bold="true" box="[151,219,1086,1112]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="460">Psyra</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="A6714B6DC95FF567FF13FBD1FE75FBEA" author="Walker" box="[227,390,1086,1112]" pageId="1" pageNumber="460" refString="Walker, F. (1860, 1863, 1866) List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. British Museum, London, 1860, part 21, 277 - 498; 1863, part 26, 1479 - 1796; 1866, part 35, 1535 - 2040." type="journal article" year="1860">Walker, 1860</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8AFA6517C95FF567FF67FB69FDAFFAA4" pageId="1" pageNumber="460" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="C25F369CC95FF567FF67FB69FEC0FB08" blockId="1.[151,1436,1157,1302]" pageId="1" pageNumber="460">
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<taxonomicName id="05E04D1FC95FF567FF67FB69FE93FB29" ID-CoL="92LCF" authority="Walker, 1860" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1860" box="[151,352,1157,1179]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Psyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="460" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="F094EA8EC95FF567FF67FB69FF21FB29" box="[151,210,1158,1179]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="460">Psyra</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="A6714B6DC95FF567FF28FB6AFE93FB29" author="Walker" box="[216,352,1157,1179]" pageId="1" pageNumber="460" refString="Walker, F. (1860, 1863, 1866) List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. British Museum, London, 1860, part 21, 277 - 498; 1863, part 26, 1479 - 1796; 1866, part 35, 1535 - 2040." type="journal article" year="1860">Walker, 1860</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<emphasis id="F094EA8EC95FF567FE9AFB69FCC5FB29" box="[362,822,1157,1179]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="460">List Specimens lepid. Insects Colln Brit. Mus.</emphasis>
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, 21: 311, 482.
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<typeStatus id="1D5B883EC95FF567FC3BFB69FC0EFB29" box="[971,1021,1158,1179]" pageId="1" pageNumber="460">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName id="05E04D1FC95FF567FBA9FB69FA8AFB29" ID-CoL="4PSGC" authority="Walker, 1860" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1860" box="[1113,1401,1157,1179]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Psyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="460" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cuneata">
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<emphasis id="F094EA8EC95FF567FBA9FB69FB19FB29" box="[1113,1258,1158,1179]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="460">Psyra cuneata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="A6714B6DC95FF567FB00FB6AFA8AFB29" author="Walker" box="[1264,1401,1157,1179]" pageId="1" pageNumber="460" refString="Walker, F. (1860, 1863, 1866) List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. British Museum, London, 1860, part 21, 277 - 498; 1863, part 26, 1479 - 1796; 1866, part 35, 1535 - 2040." type="journal article" year="1860">Walker, 1860</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, by monotypy.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C25F369CC95FF567FF67FB2DFDAFFAA4" blockId="1.[151,1436,1157,1302]" pageId="1" pageNumber="460">
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<emphasis id="F094EA8EC95FF567FF67FB2DFF19FB6A" box="[151,234,1218,1240]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="460">Orbasia</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="A6714B6DC95FF567FF00FB2DFE79FB6A" author="Swinhoe" box="[240,394,1218,1240]" pageId="1" pageNumber="460" refString="Swinhoe, C. (1894) A list of the Lepidoptera of the Khasia Hills. Part II. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 1984, 145 - 223." type="journal article" year="1894">Swinhoe, 1894</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<emphasis id="F094EA8EC95FF567FE64FB2CFD9FFB6A" box="[404,620,1218,1240]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="460">Trans. ent. Soc. Lond</emphasis>
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., 1894: 222.
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<typeStatus id="1D5B883EC95FF567FD01FB2CFCD0FB6A" box="[753,803,1219,1240]" pageId="1" pageNumber="460">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName id="05E04D1FC95FF567FC70FB2DFAF3FB6A" ID-CoL="977WJ" authority="Walker, 1863" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1863" box="[896,1280,1218,1240]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Hyperythra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="460" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spurcataria">
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<emphasis id="F094EA8EC95FF567FC70FB2DFB82FB6A" box="[896,1137,1218,1240]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="460">Hyperythra spurcataria</emphasis>
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Walker, 1863
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</taxonomicName>
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, by monotypy.
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<emphasis id="F094EA8EC95FF567FF67FB0EFEDDFB45" box="[151,302,1249,1271]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="460">Oncodocnemis</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="A6714B6DC95FF567FECAFB0EFE4FFB45" author="Rebel" box="[314,444,1249,1271]" pageId="1" pageNumber="460" refString="Rebel, H. (1901) Famil. Papilionidae - Hepialidae. In: Staudinger, O. & Rebel, H. (Eds.), Catalog der Lepidopteren des palaearctischen Faunengebietes. Vo l. 1. Berlin, pp. 1 - 411." type="journal article" year="1901">Rebel, 1901</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<emphasis id="F094EA8EC95FF567FE3DFB0DFE12FB45" box="[461,481,1250,1271]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="460">in</emphasis>
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Staudinger& Rebel,
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<emphasis id="F094EA8EC95FF567FD38FB0DFBCBFB45" box="[712,1080,1249,1271]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="460">Cat. Lepid. palaearct. Faunengeb.</emphasis>
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, 1: 354.
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<typeStatus id="1D5B883EC95FF567FB53FB0DFB26FB45" box="[1187,1237,1250,1271]" pageId="1" pageNumber="460">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName id="05E04D1FC95FF567FACEFB0EFE35FAA7" ID-CoL="946WH" authority="Graeser, 1892" authorityName="Graeser" authorityYear="1892" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Phasiane" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="460" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boarmiata">
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<emphasis id="F094EA8EC95FF567FACEFB0EFEC2FAA4" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="460">Phasiane boarmiata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="A6714B6DC95FF567FEC7FAEFFE35FAA7" author="Graeser" box="[311,454,1280,1301]" pageId="1" pageNumber="460" refString="Graeser, L. (1892) Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Lepidopteren-Fauna des Amurlandes v. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift, 37 (2), 209 - 234. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnd. 18920370208" type="journal article" year="1892">Graeser, 1892</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, by monotypy.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="8AFA6517C95FF564FF67FAADFF17FD36" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="461" pageId="1" pageNumber="460" type="description">
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<paragraph id="C25F369CC95FF567FF67FAADFA6FF842" blockId="1.[151,1437,1346,2033]" pageId="1" pageNumber="460">
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<emphasis id="F094EA8EC95FF567FF67FAADFEDAFAE9" bold="true" box="[151,297,1346,1371]" pageId="1" pageNumber="460">Description.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="F094EA8EC95FF567FEC4FAACFE83FAE9" box="[308,368,1347,1371]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="460">Head</emphasis>
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. Antenna filiform in both sexes. Frons rounded, slightly projecting. Labial palpus slightly projecting beyond frons.
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<emphasis id="F094EA8EC95FF567FE46FA89FDF4FACC" box="[438,519,1382,1406]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="460">Thorax</emphasis>
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.
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<collectingCountry id="BAF7760CC95FF567FDE6FA89FDBDFACC" box="[534,590,1382,1406]" name="India" pageId="1" pageNumber="460">Hind</collectingCountry>
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tibia dilated and with hair-pencil in male, with two pairs of spurs in both sexes.
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<emphasis id="F094EA8EC95FF567FF13FA63FE86FA11" box="[227,373,1420,1443]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="460">Wing pattern</emphasis>
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. Wings greyish white, greyish green, greyish yellow or grey. Forewing apex sometimes more or less falcate (especially in
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<taxonomicName id="05E04D1FC95FF567FE19FA5FFCDAFA74" authority="Leech, 1897" authorityName="Leech" authorityYear="1897" box="[489,809,1454,1479]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Phasiane" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="460" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufolinearia">
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<emphasis id="F094EA8EC95FF567FE19FA5FFD63FA74" box="[489,656,1454,1479]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="460">P. rufolinearia</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="A6714B6DC95FF567FD6BFA41FCDAFA74" author="Leech" box="[667,809,1454,1478]" pageId="1" pageNumber="460" refString="Leech, J. H. (1897) On Lepidoptera Heterocera from China, Japan, and Corea. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (6) 20, 65 - 111, 228 - 248. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939708680601" type="journal article" year="1897">Leech, 1897</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="05E04D1FC95FF567FC98FA5FFBF9FA74" box="[872,1034,1455,1479]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Hyperythra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="460" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spurcataria">
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<emphasis id="F094EA8EC95FF567FC98FA5FFC85FA75" box="[872,886,1456,1479]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="460">P</emphasis>
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||
.
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||
<emphasis id="F094EA8EC95FF567FC78FA40FBF9FA74" box="[904,1034,1455,1478]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="460">spurcataria</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
); outer margin smooth, or weakly protruding at vein M3, hindwing with outer margin smooth or protruding at M1 and M3. Forewing with transverse lines distinct or indistinct, usually present as different-sized black patches: antemedial line composed of three patches, the patch on inner margin often larger than the other two; postmedial line a series of small dots; submarginal line usually forming two triangular patches between M1 and M3, and one large wedge-shaped patch on vein 2A; terminal line a series of black dots. Hindwing with medial line often straight, band-like if present; postmedial line usually indistinct; terminal or submarginal band present or not. Discal spot in various shapes. Underside dull grey, greyish black or greyish yellow, transverse lines pale brown, a faint broad band usually present outside postmedial line. In
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<taxonomicName id="05E04D1FC95FF567FDD2F93AFD33F95E" box="[546,704,1749,1772]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Hyperythra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="460" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spurcataria">
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||
<emphasis id="F094EA8EC95FF567FDD2F93AFD33F95E" box="[546,704,1749,1772]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="460">P. spurcataria</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
,
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<taxonomicName id="05E04D1FC95FF567FD3EF93AFC23F95E" authority="Yazaki, 1994" authorityName="Yazaki" authorityYear="1994" box="[718,976,1748,1772]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Phasiane" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="460" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crypta">
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||
<emphasis id="F094EA8EC95FF567FD3EF93AFCC1F95E" box="[718,818,1749,1772]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="460">P. crypta</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A6714B6DC95FF567FCCAF93BFC23F95E" author="Yazaki" box="[826,976,1748,1772]" pageId="1" pageNumber="460" refString="Yazaki, K. (1994). Geometridae. In: Haruta, T. (Ed.), Moths of Nepal. Part 3. Tinea, 14 (Suppl. 1), pp. 5 - 40." type="journal article" year="1994">Yazaki, 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05E04D1FC95FF567FC2CF93AFB15F95E" authority="Warren, 1888" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1888" box="[988,1254,1748,1772]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Phasiane" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="460" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="debilis">
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<emphasis id="F094EA8EC95FF567FC2CF93AFBB1F95E" box="[988,1090,1748,1772]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="460">P. debilis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A6714B6DC95FF567FBBAF93AFB15F95E" author="Warren" box="[1098,1254,1748,1772]" pageId="1" pageNumber="460" refString="Warren, W. (1888) On Lepidoptera collected by Major Yerbury in Western India in 1886 and 1887. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1888, 292 - 351." type="proceedings paper" year="1888">Warren, 1888</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05E04D1FC95FF567FB01F93AFA67F95E" box="[1265,1428,1748,1772]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Phasiane" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="460" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufolinearia">
|
||
<emphasis id="F094EA8EC95FF567FB01F93AFA67F95E" box="[1265,1428,1748,1772]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="460">P. rufolinearia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05E04D1FC95FF567FF67F916FE1DF8A2" authority="Pungeler, 1904" authorityName="Pungeler" authorityYear="1904" box="[151,494,1784,1808]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Phasiane" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="460" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bluethgeni">
|
||
<emphasis id="F094EA8EC95FF567FF67F916FED9F8A2" box="[151,298,1784,1808]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="460">P. bluethgeni</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A6714B6DC95FF567FEC9F917FE15F8A2" author="Pungeler" box="[313,486,1784,1808]" pageId="1" pageNumber="460" refString="Pungeler, R. (1904) Neue palaearctische Macrolepidopteren. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift Iris, 16, 286 - 301." type="journal article" year="1904">Püngeler, 1904</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05E04D1FC95FF567FDD7F916FD2FF8A2" box="[551,732,1784,1808]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Psyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="460" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="breviprotrusa" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="F094EA8EC95FF567FDD7F916FD2FF8A2" box="[551,732,1784,1808]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="460">P. breviprotrusa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="EBA757F5C95FF567FD14F917FCCCF8A2" box="[740,831,1784,1808]" pageId="1" pageNumber="460" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="F094EA8EC95FF567FD14F917FCCCF8A2" bold="true" box="[740,831,1784,1808]" pageId="1" pageNumber="460">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, antemedial lines lacking typical patches, postmedial line distinctly linear and not composed of dots, submarginal line composed of small patches between vein Ms and around vein 2A. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05E04D1FC95FF567FE79F8AEFD38F8EA" authority="Moore, 1868" authorityName="Moore" authorityYear="1868" box="[393,715,1856,1880]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Phasiane" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="460" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trilineata">
|
||
<emphasis id="F094EA8EC95FF567FE79F8AEFDE1F8EA" box="[393,530,1856,1880]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="460">P. trilineata</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A6714B6DC95FF567FDD7F8AFFD30F8EA" author="Moore" box="[551,707,1856,1880]" pageId="1" pageNumber="460" refString="Moore, F. (1868) On the Lepidopterous Insects of Bengal (Tribe Geometres et al.). Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1867, 612 - 686." type="proceedings paper" year="1868">Moore, 1868</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, very clear linear transverse lines present on both fore- and hindwings and black patches lacking. Frenulum present.
|
||
<emphasis id="F094EA8EC95FF567FCD0F88AFC71F8CE" box="[800,898,1893,1916]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="460">Venation</emphasis>
|
||
. Forewing with Sc anastomosing with R1 for a short distance, R1 sometimes shortly anastomosing with R2, R2-5 separate from M1, M3 separate from CuA1. Hindwing with R S and M1 separate, M3 and CuA1 separate, 3A present.
|
||
<emphasis id="F094EA8EC95FF567FC4FF85DFBDAF878" box="[959,1065,1970,1994]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="460">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
. Third sternite of male abdomen with setal comb. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05E04D1FC95FF567FE72F835FDD0F843" box="[386,547,2010,2033]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Hyperythra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="460" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spurcataria">
|
||
<emphasis id="F094EA8EC95FF567FE72F835FDD0F843" box="[386,547,2010,2033]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="460">P. spurcataria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, eighth sternite of male with a pair of sclerotized processes.
|
||
<emphasis id="F094EA8EC95FF567FB1DF836FA67F843" box="[1261,1428,2009,2033]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="460">Male genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C25F369CC95CF564FF67FF77FF17FD36" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,1328]" pageId="2" pageNumber="461">
|
||
Uncus very narrow to moderately broad, usually rounded at apex, spinose on dorsal side. Gnathos with central process stout, tongue-like, triangular or slender-stick like, with apex rounded. Valva often long and narrow, usually tapering, sometimes with round tip, occasionally rather short and broad; costal basal lobe of valva more or less curved, occasionally straight, usually with a tiny pointed process at tip (except in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05E04D1FC95CF564FBDDFEEAFB56FEAE" box="[1069,1189,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Psyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dsagara">
|
||
<emphasis id="F094EA8EC95CF564FBDDFEEAFB56FEAE" box="[1069,1189,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="461">P. dsagara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05E04D1FC95CF564FB43FEEAFAA2FEAE" box="[1203,1361,261,284]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Hyperythra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spurcataria">
|
||
<emphasis id="F094EA8EC95CF564FB43FEEAFAA2FEAE" box="[1203,1361,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="461">P. spurcataria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05E04D1FC95CF564FA77FEEAFF2CFEF2" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Phasiane" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crypta">
|
||
<emphasis id="F094EA8EC95CF564FA77FEEAFF2CFEF2" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="461">P. crypta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); sacculus undeveloped except in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05E04D1FC95CF564FD9AFEC6FD13FEF2" box="[618,736,297,320]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Psyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cuneata">
|
||
<emphasis id="F094EA8EC95CF564FD9AFEC6FD13FEF2" box="[618,736,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="461">P. cuneata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Saccus usually expanding. Juxta a wide square-like sclerite, with various posterior decorations. Aedeagus often with one (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05E04D1FC95CF564FC96FEA2FC03FED6" box="[870,1008,332,356]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Psyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moderata">
|
||
<emphasis id="F094EA8EC95CF564FC96FEA2FC03FED6" box="[870,1008,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="461">P. moderata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="F094EA8EC95CF564FBF2FEA2FB88FED6" box="[1026,1147,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="461">P. co n fe r ta</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A6714B6DC95CF564FB79FEA2FAE0FED6" author="Inoue" box="[1161,1299,332,356]" pageId="2" pageNumber="461" refString="Inoue, H. (1983) Eleven new species of the Geometridae from Taiwan. Tinea, 11 (16), 139 - 154." type="journal article" year="1983">Inoue, 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05E04D1FC95CF564FAD4FEA2FEDFFE35" authority="Yazaki, 1992" authorityName="Yazaki" authorityYear="1992" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Phasiane" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulvaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="F094EA8EC95CF564FAD4FEA2FA68FED6" box="[1316,1435,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="461">P. fulvaria</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A6714B6DC95CF564FF67FE80FEDFFE35" author="Yazaki" box="[151,300,367,391]" pageId="2" pageNumber="461" refString="Yazaki, K. (1992) Geometridae. In: Haruta, T. (Ed.), Moths of Nepal. Part 1. Tinea, 13 (Suppl. 2), pp. 5 - 46." type="journal article" year="1992">Yazaki, 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="F094EA8EC95CF564FEC7FE9EFE65FE3A" box="[311,406,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="461">P. c r y p t a</emphasis>
|
||
), two (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05E04D1FC95CF564FE1CFE9EFD60FE3A" box="[492,659,368,392]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Psyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="szetschwana">
|
||
<emphasis id="F094EA8EC95CF564FE1CFE9EFD60FE3A" box="[492,659,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="461">P. szetschwana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05E04D1FC95CF564FD51FE9EFCEAFE3A" box="[673,793,368,392]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Psyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dsagara">
|
||
<emphasis id="F094EA8EC95CF564FD51FE9EFCEAFE3A" box="[673,793,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="461">P. dsagara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05E04D1FC95CF564FCD7FE9EFBB1FE35" authority="Moore, 1868" authorityName="Moore" authorityYear="1868" box="[807,1090,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Phasiane" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="similaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="F094EA8EC95CF564FCD7FE9EFC54FE3A" box="[807,935,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="461">P. similaria</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A6714B6DC95CF564FC5EFE9FFBB1FE35" author="Moore" box="[942,1090,367,391]" pageId="2" pageNumber="461" refString="Moore, F. (1868) On the Lepidopterous Insects of Bengal (Tribe Geometres et al.). Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1867, 612 - 686." type="proceedings paper" year="1868">Moore, 1868</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05E04D1FC95CF564FBBDFE9EFA6BFE35" authority="Walker, 1866" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1866" box="[1101,1432,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Phasiane" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angulifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="F094EA8EC95CF564FBBDFE9EFB2EFE3A" box="[1101,1245,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="461">P. angulifera</emphasis>
|
||
(Walker, 1866))
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, or three (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05E04D1FC95CF564FEF6FE7AFE8DFE1E" box="[262,382,405,428]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Psyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cuneata">
|
||
<emphasis id="F094EA8EC95CF564FEF6FE7AFE8DFE1E" box="[262,382,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="461">P. cuneata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05E04D1FC95CF564FE61FE7AFDF6FE1E" box="[401,517,404,428]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Psyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F094EA8EC95CF564FE61FE7AFDF6FE1E" box="[401,517,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="461">P. gracilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05E04D1FC95CF564FDE8FE7AFD49FE1E" box="[536,698,405,428]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Hyperythra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spurcataria">
|
||
<emphasis id="F094EA8EC95CF564FDE8FE7AFD49FE1E" box="[536,698,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="461">P. spurcataria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) bundles of short spines on vesica, sometimes lacking spinose bundle (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05E04D1FC95CF564FF04FE56FDDAFE7D" authority="Yazaki, 1994" authorityName="Yazaki" authorityYear="1994" box="[244,553,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Phasiane" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="falcipennis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F094EA8EC95CF564FF04FE56FE78FE62" box="[244,395,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="461">P. falcipennis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A6714B6DC95CF564FE63FE58FDDAFE7D" author="Yazaki" box="[403,553,439,463]" pageId="2" pageNumber="461" refString="Yazaki, K. (1994). Geometridae. In: Haruta, T. (Ed.), Moths of Nepal. Part 3. Tinea, 14 (Suppl. 1), pp. 5 - 40." type="journal article" year="1994">Yazaki, 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05E04D1FC95CF564FDC5FE56FD1AFE62" box="[565,745,440,464]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Psyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="breviprotrusa" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="F094EA8EC95CF564FDC5FE56FD1AFE62" box="[565,745,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="461">P. breviprotrusa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="EBA757F5C95CF564FD01FE57FCB8FE62" box="[753,843,440,464]" pageId="2" pageNumber="461" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="F094EA8EC95CF564FD01FE57FCB8FE62" bold="true" box="[753,843,440,464]" pageId="2" pageNumber="461">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05E04D1FC95CF564FCAAFE56FC1FFE62" box="[858,1004,440,464]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Phasiane" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bluethgeni">
|
||
<emphasis id="F094EA8EC95CF564FCAAFE56FC1FFE62" box="[858,1004,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="461">P. bluethgeni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05E04D1FC95CF564FC0BFE56FB7FFE62" box="[1019,1164,440,464]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Phasiane" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boarmiata">
|
||
<emphasis id="F094EA8EC95CF564FC0BFE56FB7FFE62" box="[1019,1164,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="461">P. boarmiata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); the cornutus usually a very thin and long spine, occasionally a short stick-like sclerite.
|
||
<emphasis id="F094EA8EC95CF564FC94FE33FBD1FE46" box="[868,1058,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="461">Female genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
. Ostium bursae sclerotized, small to very broad. Lamella postvaginalis usually a semicircular sclerite, occasionally a pair of processes (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05E04D1FC95CF564FB0FFDEEFA6FFDAA" box="[1279,1436,513,536]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Hyperythra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spurcataria">
|
||
<emphasis id="F094EA8EC95CF564FB0FFDEEFA6FFDAA" box="[1279,1436,513,536]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="461">P. spurcataria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05E04D1FC95CF564FF38FDCAFEDFFD8E" box="[200,300,549,572]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Phasiane" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crypta">
|
||
<emphasis id="F094EA8EC95CF564FF38FDCAFEDFFD8E" box="[200,300,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="461">P. crypta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Antrum short to long. Ductus bursae very narrow to medium broad, short to very long, weakly or strongly sclerotized, wrinkled. Corpus bursae oval or round, bearing a discoid signum with marginal and central spines.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8AFA6517C95CF564FF37FD60FC15FBBD" pageId="2" pageNumber="461" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="C25F369CC95CF564FF37FD60FC15FBBD" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,1328]" pageId="2" pageNumber="461">
|
||
<emphasis id="F094EA8EC95CF564FF37FD60FEB2FD1A" bold="true" box="[199,321,655,680]" pageId="2" pageNumber="461">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Most species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05E04D1FC95CF564FE0EFD7EFDCCFD1A" box="[510,575,657,680]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Psyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F094EA8EC95CF564FE0EFD7EFDCCFD1A" box="[510,575,657,680]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="461">Psyra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be easily recognized by the black submarginal wedge-shaped patch, two triangular patches between vein M, enlarged antemedial patch on the inner margin.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05E04D1FC95CF564FBC6FD5AFB84FD7E" box="[1078,1143,693,716]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Psyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F094EA8EC95CF564FBC6FD5AFB84FD7E" box="[1078,1143,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="461">Psyra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is possibly the only genus in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05E04D1FC95CF564FF17FD38FE94FD5D" box="[231,359,727,751]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ennominae</taxonomicName>
|
||
that has this characteristic wing pattern. The forewing transverse lines of some species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05E04D1FC95CF564FF67FD13FE3BFCA6" authority="Warren, 1893" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1893" box="[151,456,764,788]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Loxaspilates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F094EA8EC95CF564FF67FD13FED6FCA6" box="[151,293,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="461">Loxaspilates</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A6714B6DC95CF564FEDCFD12FE3BFCA6" author="Warren" box="[300,456,764,788]" pageId="2" pageNumber="461" refString="Warren, W. (1893) On new genera and species of moths of the family Geometridae from India, in the collection of H. J. Elwes. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1893, 341 - 434, pls. 30 - 32." type="book chapter" year="1893">Warren, 1893</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, for example
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05E04D1FC95CF564FD95FD12FBDBFCA6" authority="Inoue, 1983" authorityName="Inoue" authorityYear="1983" box="[613,1064,764,788]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Loxaspilates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="densihastigera">
|
||
<emphasis id="F094EA8EC95CF564FD95FD12FCDAFCA6" box="[613,809,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="461">L. densihastigera</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A6714B6DC95CF564FCC1FD12FC4BFCA6" author="Inoue" box="[817,952,764,788]" pageId="2" pageNumber="461" refString="Inoue, H. (1983) Eleven new species of the Geometridae from Taiwan. Tinea, 11 (16), 139 - 154." type="journal article" year="1983">Inoue, 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BAF7760CC95CF564FC38FD13FBD3FCA6" box="[968,1056,764,788]" name="Taiwan" pageId="2" pageNumber="461">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, are composed of elongate black patches similar to those in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05E04D1FC95CF564FE4FFCCEFD95FC8A" box="[447,614,800,824]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Psyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="szetschwana">
|
||
<emphasis id="F094EA8EC95CF564FE4FFCCEFD95FC8A" box="[447,614,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="461">P. szetschwana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05E04D1FC95CF564FD6BFCCEFCE8FC8A" box="[667,795,800,824]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Phasiane" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="similaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="F094EA8EC95CF564FD6BFCCEFCE8FC8A" box="[667,795,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="461">P. similaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but the patches are not wedge-shaped as in the latter two species. The male genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05E04D1FC95CF564FE01FCAAFDC1FCEE" box="[497,562,837,860]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Psyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F094EA8EC95CF564FE01FCAAFDC1FCEE" box="[497,562,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="461">Psyra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are more or less similar to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05E04D1FC95CF564FC3EFCABFAF0FCEE" authority="Warren, 1894" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1894" box="[974,1283,836,860]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Peratophyga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F094EA8EC95CF564FC3EFCABFBACFCEE" box="[974,1119,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="461">Peratophyga</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A6714B6DC95CF564FB97FCAAFAF0FCEE" author="Warren" box="[1127,1283,836,860]" pageId="2" pageNumber="461" refString="Warren, W. (1894) New genera and species of Geometridae. Novitates Zoologicae, 1, 366 - 466." type="journal article" year="1894">Warren, 1894</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, for the latter also has a narrow valva and long costal basal lobe, though they have quite different wing patterns. The costal basal lobe is usually strongly angled or folded, and the gnathos is much smaller in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05E04D1FC95CF564FC00FC63FB72FC16" box="[1008,1153,908,932]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Peratophyga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F094EA8EC95CF564FC00FC63FB72FC16" box="[1008,1153,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="461">Peratophyga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Only one species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05E04D1FC95CF564FAABFC62FEEAFC7A" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Psyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spurcataria">
|
||
<emphasis id="F094EA8EC95CF564FAABFC62FEEAFC7A" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="461">Psyra spurcataria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, shares two processes on the male eighth sternite and a pair of processes of the lamella postvaginalis with the members of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05E04D1FC95CF564FE74FC3BFDE2FC5E" box="[388,529,980,1004]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Loxaspilates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F094EA8EC95CF564FE74FC3BFDE2FC5E" box="[388,529,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="461">Loxaspilates</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but the genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05E04D1FC95CF564FD08FC3AFC66FC5E" box="[760,917,981,1004]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Psyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spurcataria">
|
||
<emphasis id="F094EA8EC95CF564FD08FC3AFC66FC5E" box="[760,917,981,1004]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="461">P. spurcataria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
does not have large separated gnathos arms in the male, and the female ductus bursae is much longer than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05E04D1FC95CF564FCA2FC17FC2CFBA2" box="[850,991,1016,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Loxaspilates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F094EA8EC95CF564FCA2FC17FC2CFBA2" box="[850,991,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="461">Loxaspilates</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8AFA6517C95CF564FF37FBF3FDA2FABE" pageId="2" pageNumber="461" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="C25F369CC95CF564FF37FBF3FDA2FABE" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,1328]" pageId="2" pageNumber="461">
|
||
<emphasis id="F094EA8EC95CF564FF37FBF3FEC8FB86" bold="true" box="[199,315,1052,1076]" pageId="2" pageNumber="461">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The known larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05E04D1FC95CF564FDCCFBF2FD8EFB86" box="[572,637,1053,1076]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Psyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F094EA8EC95CF564FDCCFBF2FD8EFB86" box="[572,637,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="461">Psyra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are polyphagous. The larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05E04D1FC95CF564FC03FBF2FB75FB86" box="[1011,1158,1052,1076]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Phasiane" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bluethgeni">
|
||
<emphasis id="F094EA8EC95CF564FC03FBF2FB75FB86" box="[1011,1158,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="461">P. bluethgeni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been described by Sato in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A6714B6DC95CF564FF1EFBD0FE3FFBE5" author="Sugi" box="[238,460,1087,1111]" pageId="2" pageNumber="461" refString="Sugi, S. (Ed.) (1987) Larvae of Larger Moths in Japan. Kodansha, Tokyo, 441 pp." type="book" year="1987" yearSuffix="p">Sugi (1987, p. 103)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and three colour morphs are figured on pl. 42, figures 1–3. It is stated that 15 species belonging to 10 families of host plants have been recorded for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05E04D1FC95CF564FC81FB8AFBF6FBCE" box="[881,1029,1124,1148]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Phasiane" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bluethgeni">
|
||
<emphasis id="F094EA8EC95CF564FC81FB8AFBF6FBCE" box="[881,1029,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="461">P. bluethgeni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A6714B6DC95CF564FBE5FB8AFAF7FBCE" box="[1045,1284,1124,1148]" pageId="2" pageNumber="461" refString="Parsons, M. S., Scoble, M. J., Honey, M. R, Pitkin, L. M. & Pitkin, B. R. (1999) The catalogue. In: Scoble, M. J. (Ed.), Geometrid moths of the world: a Catalogue (Lepidoptera, Geometridae). CSIRO, Collingwood, pp. 1 - 1016." type="book chapter">
|
||
Parsons
|
||
<emphasis id="F094EA8EC95CF564FB86FB8AFB42FBCE" box="[1142,1201,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="461">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1999)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recorded the following food plants for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05E04D1FC95CF564FE36FB66FDAFFB12" box="[454,604,1160,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Phasiane" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bluethgeni">
|
||
<emphasis id="F094EA8EC95CF564FE36FB66FDAFFB12" box="[454,604,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="461">P. bluethgeni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05E04D1FC95CF564FD9FFB68FCF4FB2D" box="[623,775,1159,1183]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Eupteleaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="2" pageNumber="461" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Eupteleaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05E04D1FC95CF564FCE5FB67FC05FB12" box="[789,1014,1160,1184]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Eupteleaceae" genus="Euptelea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="2" pageNumber="461" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="polyandra">
|
||
<emphasis id="F094EA8EC95CF564FCE5FB67FC05FB12" box="[789,1014,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="461">Euptelea polyandra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05E04D1FC95CF564FBFAFB67FB85FB12" box="[1034,1142,1160,1184]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="461" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fagaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05E04D1FC95CF564FB74FB67FAD8FB12" box="[1156,1323,1160,1184]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="461" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="acuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="F094EA8EC95CF564FB74FB67FAD8FB12" box="[1156,1323,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="461">Quercus acuta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05E04D1FC95CF564FACEFB67FEFCFB76" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="461" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="acutissima">
|
||
<emphasis id="F094EA8EC95CF564FACEFB67FEFCFB76" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="461">Quercus acutissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05E04D1FC95CF564FEEEFB42FE65FB76" box="[286,406,1197,1220]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="2" pageNumber="461" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Lauraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05E04D1FC95CF564FE51FB43FDA8FB76" box="[417,603,1196,1220]" class="Insecta" family="Tineidae" genus="Lindera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="praecox">
|
||
<emphasis id="F094EA8EC95CF564FE51FB43FDA8FB76" box="[417,603,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="461">Lindera praecox</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05E04D1FC95CF564FD9BFB43FD25FB76" box="[619,726,1196,1220]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oleaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="461" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Oleaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05E04D1FC95CF564FD11FB42FC23FB76" box="[737,976,1196,1220]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oleaceae" genus="Fraxinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="461" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sieboldiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="F094EA8EC95CF564FD11FB42FC23FB76" box="[737,976,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="461">Fraxinus sieboldiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05E04D1FC95CF564FC11FB43FB72FB76" box="[993,1153,1196,1220]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polygonales" pageId="2" pageNumber="461" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Polygonaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05E04D1FC95CF564FB7CFB43FA67FB76" box="[1164,1428,1196,1220]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Polygonum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polygonales" pageId="2" pageNumber="461" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cuspidatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="F094EA8EC95CF564FB7CFB43FA67FB76" box="[1164,1428,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="461">Polygonum cuspidatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05E04D1FC95CF564FF67FB3EFEF6FB5A" box="[151,261,1233,1256]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="2" pageNumber="461" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rosaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05E04D1FC95CF564FEE1FB3FFE33FB5A" box="[273,448,1232,1256]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Malus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="2" pageNumber="461" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sieboldii">
|
||
<emphasis id="F094EA8EC95CF564FEE1FB3FFE33FB5A" box="[273,448,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="461">Malus sieboldii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05E04D1FC95CF564FE20FB20FD81FB55" box="[464,626,1231,1255]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Saxifragaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Saxifragales" pageId="2" pageNumber="461" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Saxifragaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05E04D1FC95CF564FD8DFB3FFC9BFB5A" box="[637,872,1232,1256]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Saxifragaceae" genus="Astilbe" kingdom="Plantae" order="Saxifragales" pageId="2" pageNumber="461" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="odontophylla">
|
||
<emphasis id="F094EA8EC95CF564FD8DFB3FFC9BFB5A" box="[637,872,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="461">Astilbe odontophylla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A6714B6DC95CF564FC87FB20FB82FB55" author="Robinson" box="[887,1137,1231,1256]" pageId="2" pageNumber="461" refString="Robinson, G. S., Ackery, P. R., Kitching, I. J., Beccaloni, G. W. & Hernandez, L. M. (2001) Hostplants of the moth and butterfly caterpillars of the Oriental Region. Natural History Museum, London, in association with Southdene Sdn Bhd, Kuala Lumpur, 744 pp." type="book" year="2001">
|
||
Robinson
|
||
<emphasis id="F094EA8EC95CF564FC1BFB3EFBD6FB5A" box="[1003,1061,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="461">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2001
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A6714B6DC95CF564FB8EFB20FB4BFB55" author="Robinson" box="[1150,1208,1231,1255]" pageId="2" pageNumber="461" refString="Robinson, G. S., Ackery, P. R., Kitching, I. J., Beccaloni, G. W. & Hernandez, L. M. (2012) HOSTS - a database of the worlds Lepidopteran hostplants. Available from: http: // www. nhm. ac. uk / research-curation / research / projects / hostplants / (accessed 14 June 2013)" type="journal article" year="2012">2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) recorded
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05E04D1FC95CF564FAC2FB3EFF11FABE" authority="Rosa" authorityName="Rosa" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="2" pageNumber="461" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rosaceae (Rosa)</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a host plant of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05E04D1FC95CF564FE5DFB1AFDB8FABE" box="[429,587,1269,1292]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Psyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spurcataria">
|
||
<emphasis id="F094EA8EC95CF564FE5DFB1AFDB8FABE" box="[429,587,1269,1292]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="461">P. spurcataria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8AFA6517C95CF564FF37FAF8FD03FA9D" box="[199,752,1303,1328]" pageId="2" pageNumber="461" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="C25F369CC95CF564FF37FAF8FD03FA9D" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,1328]" box="[199,752,1303,1328]" pageId="2" pageNumber="461">
|
||
<emphasis id="F094EA8EC95CF564FF37FAF8FE93FA82" bold="true" box="[199,352,1303,1328]" pageId="2" pageNumber="461">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BAF7760CC95CF564FE97FAF8FE5EFA9D" box="[359,429,1303,1327]" name="China" pageId="2" pageNumber="461">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BAF7760CC95CF564FE48FAF8FDF5FA9D" box="[440,518,1303,1327]" name="Russia" pageId="2" pageNumber="461">Russia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BAF7760CC95CF564FDE1FAF6FDA0FA82" box="[529,595,1305,1328]" name="Japan" pageId="2" pageNumber="461">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BAF7760CC95CF564FDAEFAF8FD69FA9D" box="[606,666,1303,1327]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="461">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BAF7760CC95CF564FD56FAF8FD1EFA9D" box="[678,749,1303,1327]" name="Nepal" pageId="2" pageNumber="461">Nepal</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |