234 lines
26 KiB
XML
234 lines
26 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3789126" ID-GBIF-Dataset="aa97d560-1969-4b79-93bb-2614b7835c0e" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163750237" ID-ISSN="1313–2970" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3789126" approvalRequired="5103" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="74" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="5027" approvalRequired_for_treatments="2" checkinTime="1587982132140" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Pohl, Greg, Anweiler, Gary, Schmidt, Christian & Kondla, Norbert" docDate="2010" docId="03B2F2569FB8A4B0E6A7FA37FE9AAEE5" docLanguage="en" docName="ZK_article_2163.pdf" docOrigin="ZooKeys 38 (38)" docStyle="DocumentStylede.uka.ipd.idaho.easyIO.settings.Settings@2c1f1b55" docStyleName="zookeys.2008.journal_article" docTitle="Crambidae" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageId="150" lastPageNumber="151" masterDocId="FF8B8A2E9F2CA426E62BFFD7FFC6AF1B" masterDocTitle="An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta, Canada" masterLastPageNumber="549" masterPageNumber="1" pageId="148" pageNumber="149" updateTime="1643558428782" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-3.0">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta, Canada</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Pohl, Greg</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Northern Forestry Centre, Natural Resources Canada, Edmonton ,, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Anweiler, Gary</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>University of Alberta Strickland Entomology Museum ,, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Schmidt, Christian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Kondla, Norbert</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Calgary ,, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2010</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2010-03-05</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>38</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>38</mods:number>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>549</mods:end>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.3897/zookeys.38.383</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">aa97d560-1969-4b79-93bb-2614b7835c0e</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1313–2970</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">576629</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3789126" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163750237" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3789126" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B2F2569FB8A4B0E6A7FA37FE9AAEE5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B2F2569FB8A4B0E6A7FA37FE9AAEE5" lastPageId="150" lastPageNumber="151" pageId="148" pageNumber="149">
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<subSubSection box="[140,514,1504,1531]" pageId="148" pageNumber="149" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="148.[140,1108,1504,1707]" box="[140,514,1504,1531]" pageId="148" pageNumber="149">
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<heading box="[140,514,1504,1531]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="148" pageNumber="149" reason="3">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,514,1504,1531]" italics="true" pageId="148" pageNumber="149">
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46.
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<taxonomicName box="[184,325,1504,1531]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="148" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Crambidae</taxonomicName>
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– snout moths
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="150" lastPageNumber="151" pageId="148" pageNumber="149" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="148.[140,1108,1504,1707]" lastBlockId="149.[140,1108,167,405]" lastPageId="149" lastPageNumber="150" pageId="148" pageNumber="149">
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A diverse family of moths that until recently was considered to be a subfamily of
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<taxonomicName box="[1002,1104,1539,1565]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="148" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pyralidae</taxonomicName>
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. They can be separated from all other moths except the
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<taxonomicName box="[710,808,1575,1601]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="148" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pyralidae</taxonomicName>
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by the presence of tympanal chambers on the base of the abdomen, in the space between the thorax and abdomen. They can be separated from the
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<taxonomicName box="[423,521,1645,1671]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="148" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pyralidae</taxonomicName>
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by having a broad opening of the tympanal chambers, and the presence of a large flap (the praecinctorum) over the tympana, between the thorax and abdomen. Several crambid species in a number of subfamilies superficially resemble noctuids but can be easily distinguished from them by the scaled proboscis (in all Pyraloidea). Larvae of most species are borers or concealed feeders of plants. Many species feed on primitive plants such as mosses, rushes, and grasses. Several species are pests of cereal crops.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="149.[140,1108,167,405]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">
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Over 11 000 species of crambids are known worldwide. In North America, 770 species are known, 121 of which are reported herein from AB. Th e arrangement of subfamilies, tribes, and genera presented here follows
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<bibRefCitation author="Munroe E & Becker VO & Shaffer JC & Shaffer M & Solis MA" box="[745,987,378,405]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" pagination="34 - 105" refId="ref259501" refString="Munroe E, Becker VO, Shaffer JC, Shaffer M, Solis MA (1995) Pyraloidea. In: J. B. Heppner (Ed) Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera, Vol. 3. Checklist: Part 2. Hyblaeoidea - Pyraloidea - Tortricoidea. Scientific Publishers, Gainesville, FL, 34 - 105." type="book chapter" year="1995">Munroe et al. (1995)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="149.[140,1108,450,721]" box="[140,339,450,474]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,339,450,474]" italics="true" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">
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46.1.
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<taxonomicName box="[201,339,450,474]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Scopariinae">Scopariinae</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="149.[140,1108,450,721]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">
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Small (
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<quantity box="[220,348,484,510]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" unit="mm" value="20.0" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="10.0">10–30 mm</quantity>
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wingspan) moths with brown and white or black and white triangular forewings. They can be separated from other
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<taxonomicName box="[704,830,519,545]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Crambidae</taxonomicName>
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by the presence of indistinct black scale tufts on the forewings. Larvae are borers or leaf webbers of primitive or higher plants.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="149.[140,1108,450,721]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">
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Four hundred and seventy-nine species of
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<taxonomicName box="[658,789,624,650]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Scopariinae">Scopariinae</taxonomicName>
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are known worldwide, from all regions. Th irty-seven species are known in North America, six of which are reported from AB. Th e group was revised by
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<bibRefCitation author="Munroe E" box="[545,737,695,721]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" pagination="1 - 134" refId="ref259040" refString="Munroe E (1972 a) Pyraloidea: Pyralidae (part): Scopariinae and Nymphulinae. Fasc. 13.1 A. In: Dominick RB, Ferguson DC, Franclemont JG, Hodges RW, Munroe EG (Eds) The moths of America north of Mexico. Wedge Entomological Research Foundation, Washington, D. C., 1 - 134." type="book chapter" year="1972">Munroe (1972a)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="149.[140,1097,768,1530]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">
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934 * R h
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Denis & Schiffermüller" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[291,467,769,790]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Gesneria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="centuriella">
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<emphasis box="[291,467,769,790]" italics="true" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">Gesneria centuriella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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([Denis and Schiffermüller], 1775) Jun – Jul M B G T:
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<bibRefCitation author="Munroe E" box="[347,501,804,826]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" pagination="1 - 134" refId="ref259040" refString="Munroe E (1972 a) Pyraloidea: Pyralidae (part): Scopariinae and Nymphulinae. Fasc. 13.1 A. In: Dominick RB, Ferguson DC, Franclemont JG, Hodges RW, Munroe EG (Eds) The moths of America north of Mexico. Wedge Entomological Research Foundation, Washington, D. C., 1 - 134." type="book chapter" year="1972">Munroe (1972a)</bibRefCitation>
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L:
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<bibRefCitation author="Kearfott WD" box="[346,493,839,861]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" pagination="119 - 125" refId="ref251112" refString="Kearfott WD (1905) Assiniboia microlepidoptera collected by Mr. T. N. Willing. The Canadian Entomologist 37: 119 - 125." type="journal article" year="1905">Kearfott (1905)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Bowman K" box="[503,656,839,861]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" pagination="121 - 165" refId="ref237866" refString="Bowman K (1951) An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta. Canadian Journal of Zoology 29: 121 - 165." type="journal article" year="1951">Bowman (1951)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Munroe E" box="[666,819,839,861]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" pagination="1 - 134" refId="ref259040" refString="Munroe E (1972 a) Pyraloidea: Pyralidae (part): Scopariinae and Nymphulinae. Fasc. 13.1 A. In: Dominick RB, Ferguson DC, Franclemont JG, Hodges RW, Munroe EG (Eds) The moths of America north of Mexico. Wedge Entomological Research Foundation, Washington, D. C., 1 - 134." type="book chapter" year="1972">Munroe (1972a)</bibRefCitation>
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C: AGRL, CNC, NFRC, OLDS, UASM
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="149.[140,1097,768,1530]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">
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935 * R
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<taxonomicName authority="Walker, 1866 M Jul" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1866" box="[291,873,909,931]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Scoparia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biplagialis">
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<emphasis box="[291,464,909,931]" italics="true" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">Scoparia biplagialis</emphasis>
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Walker, 1866 M Jul
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</taxonomicName>
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– E Aug m B – T:
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<bibRefCitation author="Munroe E" box="[347,501,945,967]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" pagination="1 - 134" refId="ref259040" refString="Munroe E (1972 a) Pyraloidea: Pyralidae (part): Scopariinae and Nymphulinae. Fasc. 13.1 A. In: Dominick RB, Ferguson DC, Franclemont JG, Hodges RW, Munroe EG (Eds) The moths of America north of Mexico. Wedge Entomological Research Foundation, Washington, D. C., 1 - 134." type="book chapter" year="1972">Munroe (1972a)</bibRefCitation>
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L:?
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<bibRefCitation author="Munroe E" box="[355,511,980,1002]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" pagination="1 - 134" refId="ref259040" refString="Munroe E (1972 a) Pyraloidea: Pyralidae (part): Scopariinae and Nymphulinae. Fasc. 13.1 A. In: Dominick RB, Ferguson DC, Franclemont JG, Hodges RW, Munroe EG (Eds) The moths of America north of Mexico. Wedge Entomological Research Foundation, Washington, D. C., 1 - 134." type="book chapter" year="1972">Munroe (1972a)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Pohl GR & Langor DW & Landry J-F & Spence JR" box="[520,694,980,1002]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" pagination="530 - 549" refId="ref261848" refString="Pohl GR, Langor DW, Landry J-F, Spence JR (2004 b) Lepidoptera of the Boreal Mixedwood Forest near Lac La Biche, Alberta, including new provincial records. Canadian Field-Naturalist 118: 530 - 549." type="journal article" year="2004">Pohl et al. (2004b)</bibRefCitation>
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C: NFRC, OLDS, UASM
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="149.[140,1097,768,1530]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">
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936 * U
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<taxonomicName authority="Walker, 1866 Jul M" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1866" box="[291,1023,1050,1072]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Scoparia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="basalis">
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<emphasis box="[291,431,1050,1072]" italics="true" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">Scoparia basalis</emphasis>
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Walker, 1866 Jul M
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</taxonomicName>
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b g T:
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<bibRefCitation author="Munroe E" box="[347,501,1086,1108]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" pagination="1 - 134" refId="ref259040" refString="Munroe E (1972 a) Pyraloidea: Pyralidae (part): Scopariinae and Nymphulinae. Fasc. 13.1 A. In: Dominick RB, Ferguson DC, Franclemont JG, Hodges RW, Munroe EG (Eds) The moths of America north of Mexico. Wedge Entomological Research Foundation, Washington, D. C., 1 - 134." type="book chapter" year="1972">Munroe (1972a)</bibRefCitation>
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L:
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<bibRefCitation author="Bowman K" box="[347,499,1121,1143]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" pagination="121 - 165" refId="ref237866" refString="Bowman K (1951) An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta. Canadian Journal of Zoology 29: 121 - 165." type="journal article" year="1951">Bowman (1951)</bibRefCitation>
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C:?CNC,?UASM
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="149.[140,1097,768,1530]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">
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937 R
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<taxonomicName authority="(Dyar, 1929) Jul M B" authorityName="Jul M B" baseAuthorityName="Dyar" baseAuthorityYear="1929" box="[291,1057,1156,1178]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Eudonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albertalis">
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<emphasis box="[291,453,1156,1177]" italics="true" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">Eudonia albertalis</emphasis>
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(Dyar, 1929) Jul M B
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</taxonomicName>
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– T:
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<bibRefCitation author="Munroe E" box="[347,501,1191,1213]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" pagination="1 - 134" refId="ref259040" refString="Munroe E (1972 a) Pyraloidea: Pyralidae (part): Scopariinae and Nymphulinae. Fasc. 13.1 A. In: Dominick RB, Ferguson DC, Franclemont JG, Hodges RW, Munroe EG (Eds) The moths of America north of Mexico. Wedge Entomological Research Foundation, Washington, D. C., 1 - 134." type="book chapter" year="1972">Munroe (1972a)</bibRefCitation>
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L:
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<bibRefCitation author="Bowman K" box="[347,501,1226,1248]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" pagination="121 - 165" refId="ref237866" refString="Bowman K (1951) An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta. Canadian Journal of Zoology 29: 121 - 165." type="journal article" year="1951">Bowman (1951)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Munroe E" box="[511,667,1226,1248]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" pagination="1 - 134" refId="ref259040" refString="Munroe E (1972 a) Pyraloidea: Pyralidae (part): Scopariinae and Nymphulinae. Fasc. 13.1 A. In: Dominick RB, Ferguson DC, Franclemont JG, Hodges RW, Munroe EG (Eds) The moths of America north of Mexico. Wedge Entomological Research Foundation, Washington, D. C., 1 - 134." type="book chapter" year="1972">Munroe (1972a)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Pohl GR & Langor DW & Landry J-F & Spence JR" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" pagination="530 - 549" refId="ref261848" refString="Pohl GR, Langor DW, Landry J-F, Spence JR (2004 b) Lepidoptera of the Boreal Mixedwood Forest near Lac La Biche, Alberta, including new provincial records. Canadian Field-Naturalist 118: 530 - 549." type="journal article" year="2004">Pohl et al. (2004b)</bibRefCitation>
|
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C: CNC, NFRC, OLDS
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="149.[140,1097,768,1530]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">
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938 R
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<taxonomicName authority="(Barnes and McDunnough, 1912) Jul M" authorityName="Jul M" baseAuthorityName="Barnes and McDunnough" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[291,1023,1297,1319]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Eudonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spaldingalis">
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<emphasis box="[291,474,1297,1318]" italics="true" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">Eudonia spaldingalis</emphasis>
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(Barnes and McDunnough, 1912) Jul M
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</taxonomicName>
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– – T:
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<bibRefCitation author="Munroe E" box="[347,501,1332,1354]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" pagination="1 - 134" refId="ref259040" refString="Munroe E (1972 a) Pyraloidea: Pyralidae (part): Scopariinae and Nymphulinae. Fasc. 13.1 A. In: Dominick RB, Ferguson DC, Franclemont JG, Hodges RW, Munroe EG (Eds) The moths of America north of Mexico. Wedge Entomological Research Foundation, Washington, D. C., 1 - 134." type="book chapter" year="1972">Munroe (1972a)</bibRefCitation>
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L:
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<bibRefCitation author="Munroe E" box="[347,501,1367,1389]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" pagination="1 - 134" refId="ref259040" refString="Munroe E (1972 a) Pyraloidea: Pyralidae (part): Scopariinae and Nymphulinae. Fasc. 13.1 A. In: Dominick RB, Ferguson DC, Franclemont JG, Hodges RW, Munroe EG (Eds) The moths of America north of Mexico. Wedge Entomological Research Foundation, Washington, D. C., 1 - 134." type="book chapter" year="1972">Munroe (1972a)</bibRefCitation>
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C: CNC, NFRC
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="149.[140,1097,768,1530]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">
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939 * R
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<taxonomicName authority="(Walker, 1866) Jun" authorityName="Jun" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[291,851,1402,1424]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Eudonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubralis">
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<emphasis box="[291,459,1402,1423]" italics="true" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">Eudonia lugubralis</emphasis>
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(Walker, 1866) Jun
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</taxonomicName>
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– Aug M B g T:
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<bibRefCitation author="Munroe E" box="[347,501,1438,1460]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" pagination="1 - 134" refId="ref259040" refString="Munroe E (1972 a) Pyraloidea: Pyralidae (part): Scopariinae and Nymphulinae. Fasc. 13.1 A. In: Dominick RB, Ferguson DC, Franclemont JG, Hodges RW, Munroe EG (Eds) The moths of America north of Mexico. Wedge Entomological Research Foundation, Washington, D. C., 1 - 134." type="book chapter" year="1972">Munroe (1972a)</bibRefCitation>
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L:
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<bibRefCitation author="Bowman K" box="[347,501,1473,1495]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" pagination="121 - 165" refId="ref237866" refString="Bowman K (1951) An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta. Canadian Journal of Zoology 29: 121 - 165." type="journal article" year="1951">Bowman (1951)</bibRefCitation>
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,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Munroe E" box="[511,667,1473,1495]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" pagination="1 - 134" refId="ref259040" refString="Munroe E (1972 a) Pyraloidea: Pyralidae (part): Scopariinae and Nymphulinae. Fasc. 13.1 A. In: Dominick RB, Ferguson DC, Franclemont JG, Hodges RW, Munroe EG (Eds) The moths of America north of Mexico. Wedge Entomological Research Foundation, Washington, D. C., 1 - 134." type="book chapter" year="1972">Munroe (1972a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lafontaine JD & Wood DM" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" pagination="723 - 785" refId="ref253735" refString="Lafontaine JD, Wood DM (1997) Butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera) of the Yukon. In: Danks HV, Downes JA (Eds) Insects of the Yukon. Biological Survey of Canada (Terrestrial Arthropods), Ottawa, ON, 723 - 785." type="book chapter" year="1997">Lafontaine and Wood (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
C: CNC,?NFRC, UASM
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="149.[140,1108,1576,1672]" box="[140,493,1576,1600]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,493,1576,1600]" italics="true" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">
|
||
46.2.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1810" box="[201,330,1576,1600]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Crambinae">Crambinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
– grass moths
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="149.[140,1108,1576,1672]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">
|
||
Small to medium-sized (
|
||
<quantity box="[428,560,1610,1637]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" unit="mm" value="22.5" valueMax="35.0" valueMin="10.0">10–35 mm</quantity>
|
||
wingspan) moths with elongate palps, narrow triangular forewings, and fan-shaped hindwings. Most species have forewings marked
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="150.[140,1108,167,510]" pageId="150" pageNumber="151">with longitudinal dark and light marks. Adults generally rest head downward, with their wings rolled into a tight tube. Larvae are stem borers or root feeders, predominantly on grasses. Several species are turf pests.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="150.[140,1108,167,510]" pageId="150" pageNumber="151">
|
||
Approximately 1900 species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1810" box="[549,675,272,298]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="150" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Crambinae">Crambinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
are known worldwide. One hundred and ninety-three species are known in North America, 45 of which are reported from AB. Th e group is in need of a modern species-level revision, and useful references are scattered.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Landry B" box="[255,424,378,405]" pageId="150" pageNumber="151" pagination="1 - 242" refId="ref253884" refString="Landry B (1995) A phylogenetic analysis of the major lineages of the Crambinae and of the genera of Crambini of North America (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Memoirs on Entomology International 1: 1 - 242." type="journal article" year="1995">Landry (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
revised the tribes and genera.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Fernald CH" box="[780,952,378,405]" pageId="150" pageNumber="151" refId="ref244482" refString="Fernald CH (1896) Th e Crambidae of North America. Massachussets Agricultural College, Amherst, MA, 93 pp." type="book" year="1896">Fernald (1896)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kearfott WD" pageId="150" pageNumber="151" pagination="367 - 393" refId="ref251138" refString="Kearfott WD (1908) Descriptions of new species of North American crambid moths. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 35: 367 - 393." type="journal article" year="1908">Kearfott (1908)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
provided the most recent coverage of many species; other groups have been treated more recently by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Klots AB" box="[428,567,448,474]" pageId="150" pageNumber="151" pagination="53 - 70" refId="ref251393" refString="Klots AB (1940) North American Crambus I. Th e silvery striped species of California (Pyralidae). Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences 39: 53 - 70." type="journal article" year="1940">Klots (1940</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Klots AB" box="[581,642,448,474]" pageId="150" pageNumber="151" pagination="1 - 17" refId="ref251428" refString="Klots AB (1942) North American Crambus II. New species. American Museum Novitates 1191: 1 - 17." type="journal article" year="1942">1942</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Klots AB" box="[656,717,448,474]" pageId="150" pageNumber="151" pagination="9 - 21" refId="ref251450" refString="Klots AB (1968) The North American Microcrambus (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Journal of the New York Entomological Society 76: 9 - 21." type="journal article" year="1968">1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Klots AB" box="[731,793,448,474]" pageId="150" pageNumber="151" pagination="100 - 120" refId="ref251478" refString="Klots AB (1970) North American Crambinae: notes on the tribe Chiloini and a revision of the genera Eoreuma Ely and Xubida Schaus (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Journal of the New York Entomological Society 78: 100 - 120." type="journal article" year="1970">1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Capps HW" box="[816,967,448,475]" pageId="150" pageNumber="151" pagination="629 - 654" refId="ref239056" refString="Capps HW (1965) A review of the genus Haimbachia Dyar with descriptions of new species (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). Proceedings of the United States National Museum 117: 629 - 654." type="journal article" year="1965">Capps (1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Capps HW" box="[981,1043,448,475]" pageId="150" pageNumber="151" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref239092" refString="Capps HW (1966) Review of New World moths of the genus Euchromius Guenee, with descriptions of two new species (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). Proceedings of the United States National Museum 119: 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="1966">1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bleszynski S" box="[140,345,483,510]" pageId="150" pageNumber="151" pagination="99 - 195" refId="ref237668" refString="Bleszynski S (1970) A revision of the world species of Chilo Zincken (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Entomology) 25: 99 - 195." type="journal article" year="1970">Bleszynski (1970)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |