193 lines
23 KiB
XML
193 lines
23 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="46EE28DE9A192A5AAA56A49A607316DF">The Cicadas of Florida (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea: Cicadidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D539BCC6566617587D35BE9C5C2EFE8E">Sanborn, Allen F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B681311E09A47DB7AB86394B21B2EA50">Phillips, Polly K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7169DE7999CC78A1D6E76E64FA59D7E4">Gilllis, Philip</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="EA4F56E44227F54274F250B4686F9558">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="A541140F65119A336A0AE053A2FDA362">2008</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="8B6BD4F60A02F5251EF57A481E7F8789">1916</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="37B47B31E619A62DD79387A5EC03C5EA" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.274559</mods:identifier>
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<paragraph id="8BA34F19FF967830FF08F986FD2FF9A9" blockId="6.[151,671,1578,1604]" box="[151,671,1578,1604]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<emphasis id="B968930BFF967830FF08F986FD2FF9A9" bold="true" box="[151,671,1578,1604]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C349AFF967830FF08F986FE7CF9A9" ID-CoL="8J7LW" authority="Germar" authorityName="Germar" box="[151,460,1578,1604]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Tibicen" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="auletes">
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<emphasis id="B968930BFF967830FF08F986FEFCF9A9" bold="true" box="[151,332,1578,1604]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Tibicen auletes</emphasis>
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(Germar)
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</taxonomicName>
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(Figs. 13, 34–42)
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3061C92FF967831FF08F9D9FB1DFDAF" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BA34F19FF967830FF08F9D9FD82F961" blockId="6.[151,1329,1653,1804]" box="[151,562,1653,1676]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0C6837FF967830FF08F9D9FD82F961" box="[151,562,1653,1676]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C349AFF967830FF08F9D9FD9EF961" ID-CoL="8JG59" authority="Fabricius 1775: 678" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityPageNumber="678" authorityYear="1775" box="[151,558,1653,1676]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Tettigonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grossa">
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<emphasis id="B968930BFF967830FF08F9D9FEFFF961" box="[151,335,1653,1676]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Tettigonia grossa</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0ABD6908FF967830FECAF9D9FD9EF961" author="Fabricius" box="[341,558,1653,1676]" page="678" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" year="1775">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8D32E8FF967830FECAF9D9FE48F961" author="Fabricius" box="[341,504,1653,1676]" pageId="6" pageNumber="20" refString="Fabricius, J. C. (1775) Ryngota. Systema entomologiae, sistens insectorum classes, ordines, genera, species, adiectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, observationibus. 832 pp." type="book" year="1775">Fabricius 1775</bibRefCitation>
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: 678
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA34F19FF967830FF08F939FDB5F921" blockId="6.[151,1329,1653,1804]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0C6837FF967830FF08F939FDB5F921" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C349AFF967830FF08F939FE46F941" authority="Germar 1834: 65" authorityName="Germar" authorityPageNumber="65" authorityYear="1834" box="[151,502,1685,1708]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Cicada" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="auletes">
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<emphasis id="B968930BFF967830FF08F939FE86F941" box="[151,310,1685,1708]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Cicada auletes</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0ABD6908FF967830FEA3F939FE46F941" author="Germar" box="[316,502,1685,1708]" page="65" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" year="1834">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8D32E8FF967830FEA3F939FE7EF941" author="Germar" box="[316,462,1685,1708]" pageId="6" pageNumber="20" refString="Germar, E. R. (1834) Observations sur plusieurs especes du genre Cicada, Latr. Revue Entomologique Publiee par Gustav Silbermann, 2, 49 - 82." type="journal article" year="1834">Germar 1834</bibRefCitation>
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: 65
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<typeStatus id="54A7F1BBFF967830FD9FF939FD85F941" box="[512,565,1685,1708]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Type</typeStatus>
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locality: Pennsylvania. Location of the
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<typeStatus id="54A7F1BBFF967830FC41F939FB8BF941" box="[990,1083,1685,1708]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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specimen is unknown.
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C349AFF967830FF08F919FDB1F921" ID-CoL="6HZ28" authority="Walker 1850: 91" authorityName="Walker" authorityPageNumber="91" authorityYear="1850" box="[151,513,1717,1740]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Fidicina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="literata">
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<emphasis id="B968930BFF967830FF08F919FEF7F921" box="[151,327,1717,1740]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fidicina literata</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0ABD6908FF967830FED3F919FDB1F921" author="Walker" box="[332,513,1717,1740]" page="91" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" year="1850">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8D32E8FF967830FED3F919FE69F921" author="Walker" box="[332,473,1717,1740]" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" refString="Walker, F. (1850) List of the Specimens of Homopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, British Museum Trustees, London, 1, 1 - 260." type="journal article" year="1850">Walker 1850</bibRefCitation>
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: 91
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA34F19FF967830FF08F979FDB1F901" blockId="6.[151,1329,1653,1804]" box="[151,513,1749,1772]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0C6837FF967830FF08F979FDB1F901" box="[151,513,1749,1772]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C349AFF967830FF08F979FE4DF901" authority="Walker 1850: 105" authorityName="Walker" authorityPageNumber="105" authorityYear="1850" box="[151,509,1749,1772]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Cicada" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sonora">
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<emphasis id="B968930BFF967830FF08F979FE85F901" box="[151,309,1749,1772]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Cicada sonora</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0ABD6908FF967830FEA4F979FE4DF901" author="Walker" box="[315,509,1749,1772]" page="105" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" year="1850">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8D32E8FF967830FEA4F979FE77F901" author="Walker" box="[315,455,1749,1772]" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" refString="Walker, F. (1850) List of the Specimens of Homopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, British Museum Trustees, London, 1, 1 - 260." type="journal article" year="1850">Walker 1850</bibRefCitation>
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: 105
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||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BA34F19FF967830FF08F959FCCBF8E1" blockId="6.[151,1329,1653,1804]" box="[151,891,1781,1804]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C349AFF967830FF08F959FEE9F8E1" box="[151,345,1781,1804]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Cicada" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marginata">
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<emphasis id="B968930BFF967830FF08F959FEE9F8E1" box="[151,345,1781,1804]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Cicada marginata</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
[nec Say],
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D32E8FF967830FE4DF959FDD7F8E1" author="Howard" box="[466,615,1781,1804]" pageId="6" pageNumber="20" refString="Howard, L. O. (1901) Suborder Homoptera. The insect book. A popular account of the bees, wasps, ants, grasshoppers, flies and other North American insects exclusive of the butterflies, moths and beetles, with full life histories, tables and bibliographies. Doubleday, Page & Co., New York, 429 pp." type="book" year="1901">Howard 1901</bibRefCitation>
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||
: plate XXVIII, Figure 19.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BA34F19FF967831FF08F891FB5EFE97" blockId="6.[151,1437,1853,1999]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1436,152,578]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C349AFF967830FF08F891FEF7F8BB" ID-CoL="8J7LW" box="[151,327,1853,1878]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Tibicen" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="auletes">
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<emphasis id="B968930BFF967830FF08F891FEF7F8BB" box="[151,327,1853,1878]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Tibicen auletes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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first emerge in early June and can be heard singing until early October. The most common collection dates are in August. The song has been described to sound like roller skates being stroked on a sidewalk or a heavy pulsating drone lasting 15–20 sec with a peak frequency around 3.2 kHz (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8D32E8FF967830FB4BF821FA28F84A" author="Alexander" box="[1236,1432,1933,1959]" pageId="6" pageNumber="18" refString="Alexander, R. D. (1956) A comparative study of sound production in insects, with special reference to the singing Orthoptera and Cicadidae of the eastern United States. Ph. D. dissertation, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 529 pp." type="book" year="1956">Alexander 1956</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8D32E8FF967830FF08F819FE9DF822" author="Moore" box="[151,301,1973,1999]" pageId="6" pageNumber="20" refString="Moore, T. E. (1966) The cicadas of Michigan (Homoptera: Cicadidae). Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts, and Letters, 51, 75 - 95." type="journal article" year="1966">Moore 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D32E8FF967830FEA3F819FDF3F822" author="Alexander" box="[316,579,1973,1999]" pageId="6" pageNumber="18" refString="Alexander, R. D., Pace, A. E., & Otte, D. (1972) The singing insects of Michigan. Great Lakes Entonologist, 5, 33 - 69." type="journal article" year="1972">Alexander et al. 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D32E8FF967830FDCDF819FC9EF822" author="Daniel" box="[594,814,1973,1999]" pageId="6" pageNumber="19" refString="Daniel H. J., Knight, C., & Charles, T. M. (1993) Predicting species by call in three species of North Carolina cicadas. The Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society, 109, 67 - 76." type="journal article" year="1993">Daniel et al. 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D32E8FF967830FCA2F819FB2FF822" author="Elliott" box="[829,1183,1973,1999]" pageId="6" pageNumber="19" refString="Elliott, L., & Hershberger, W. (2006) The songs of insects. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, 228 pp." type="book" year="2006">Elliott and Hershberger 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D32E8FF967830FB2BF819FAFBF822" author="Davis" box="[1204,1355,1973,1999]" pageId="6" pageNumber="19" refString="Davis, W. T. (1918) Mississippi cicadas, with a key to the species of the southeastern United States. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 26, 141 - 155." type="journal article" year="1918">Davis (1918</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D32E8FF967830FAC5F819FA28F822" author="Davis" box="[1370,1432,1973,1999]" pageId="6" pageNumber="19" refString="Davis, W. T. (1922) An annotated list of the cicadas of Virginia with description of a new species. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 30, 36 - 52." type="journal article" year="1922">1922</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D32E8FF977831FF08FF34FF63FF5F" author="Davis" box="[151,211,152,178]" pageId="7" pageNumber="19" refString="Davis, W. T. (1926) The cicadas or harvest flies of New Jersey. State of New Jersey Department of Agriculture Circular, 97, 3 - 26." type="journal article" year="1926">1926</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) remarked on how quiet the song was for the size of the species. A sonagram of the call can be found in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D32E8FF977831FF08FF6CFED0FF37" author="Alexander" box="[151,352,192,218]" pageId="7" pageNumber="18" refString="Alexander, R. D. (1956) A comparative study of sound production in insects, with special reference to the singing Orthoptera and Cicadidae of the eastern United States. Ph. D. dissertation, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 529 pp." type="book" year="1956">Alexander (1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D32E8FF977831FEF3FF6CFE18FF37" author="Alexander" box="[364,424,192,218]" pageId="7" pageNumber="18" refString="Alexander, R. D. (1960) Sound communication in Orthoptera and Cicadidae. In: Lanyon, W. E., & Tavolga, W. N. (Eds), Animal Sounds and Communication. American Institute of Biological Sciences Symposium Series Publication, 7, 38 - 92." type="journal article" year="1960">1960</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D32E8FF977831FE76FF6CFCE5FF37" author="Elliott" box="[489,853,192,218]" pageId="7" pageNumber="19" refString="Elliott, L., & Hershberger, W. (2006) The songs of insects. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, 228 pp." type="book" year="2006">Elliott and Hershberger (2006)</bibRefCitation>
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||
. They sing individually during the day but chorus at dusk (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D32E8FF977831FF62FF44FE3AFEEF" author="Davis" box="[253,394,232,258]" pageId="7" pageNumber="19" refString="Davis, W. T. (1918) Mississippi cicadas, with a key to the species of the southeastern United States. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 26, 141 - 155." type="journal article" year="1918">Davis 1918</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D32E8FF977831FE08FF44FE65FEEF" author="Davis" box="[407,469,232,258]" pageId="7" pageNumber="19" refString="Davis, W. T. (1922) An annotated list of the cicadas of Virginia with description of a new species. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 30, 36 - 52." type="journal article" year="1922">1922</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D32E8FF977831FE7CFF44FD91FEEF" author="Davis" box="[483,545,232,258]" pageId="7" pageNumber="19" refString="Davis, W. T. (1926) The cicadas or harvest flies of New Jersey. State of New Jersey Department of Agriculture Circular, 97, 3 - 26." type="journal article" year="1926">1926</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D32E8FF977831FDB1FF44FD73FEEF" author="Moore" box="[558,707,232,258]" pageId="7" pageNumber="20" refString="Moore, T. E. (1966) The cicadas of Michigan (Homoptera: Cicadidae). Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts, and Letters, 51, 75 - 95." type="journal article" year="1966">Moore 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
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;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D32E8FF977831FD4EFF44FC66FEEF" author="Alexander" box="[721,982,232,258]" pageId="7" pageNumber="18" refString="Alexander, R. D., Pace, A. E., & Otte, D. (1972) The singing insects of Michigan. Great Lakes Entonologist, 5, 33 - 69." type="journal article" year="1972">Alexander et al. 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The species is associated with rocky ravines and hillsides with oak (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C349AFF977831FD88FEBCFDC9FEC4" ID-CoL="8W2YL" box="[535,633,272,297]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968930BFF977831FD88FEBCFDC9FEC4" box="[535,633,272,297]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Quercus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp.) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D32E8FF977831FD4DFEBCFCC8FEC7" author="Beamer" box="[722,888,272,298]" pageId="7" pageNumber="19" refString="Beamer, R. L. (1928) Studies on the biology of Kansas Cicadidae. The University of Kansas Science Bulletin 18, 155 - 263." type="journal article" year="1928">Beamer 1928</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), oak woods in sandy soils (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D32E8FF977831FB47FEBCFF63FEBF" author="Alexander" pageId="7" pageNumber="18" refString="Alexander, R. D., Pace, A. E., & Otte, D. (1972) The singing insects of Michigan. Great Lakes Entonologist, 5, 33 - 69." type="journal article" year="1972">Alexander et al. 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and hardwood habitats (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D32E8FF977831FE65FE94FD60FEBF" author="Daniel" box="[506,720,312,338]" pageId="7" pageNumber="19" refString="Daniel H. J., Knight, C., & Charles, T. M. (1993) Predicting species by call in three species of North Carolina cicadas. The Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society, 109, 67 - 76." type="journal article" year="1993">Daniel et al. 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It has been observed to prefer to oviposit in oak and willow (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C349AFF977831FF3EFECCFF6CFE94" box="[161,220,352,377]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polycitoridae" genus="Salix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968930BFF977831FF3EFECCFF6CFE94" box="[161,220,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Salix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp.) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D32E8FF977831FEB4FECCFE7CFE97" author="Beamer" box="[299,460,352,378]" pageId="7" pageNumber="18" refString="Beamer, R. L. (1925) Notes on the ovipostition of some Kansas cicadas. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 18, 479 - 482." type="journal article" year="1925">Beamer 1925</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and a fifth instar nymph was removed from oak by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D32E8FF977831FBA9FECCFB5AFE97" author="Beamer" box="[1078,1258,352,378]" pageId="7" pageNumber="19" refString="Beamer, R. L. (1928) Studies on the biology of Kansas Cicadidae. The University of Kansas Science Bulletin 18, 155 - 263." type="journal article" year="1928">Beamer (1928)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA34F19FF977831FF59FE24FB1DFDAF" blockId="7.[151,1436,152,578]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C349AFF977831FF59FE24FEC8FE4C" ID-CoL="8J7LW" box="[198,376,392,417]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Tibicen" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="auletes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968930BFF977831FF59FE24FEC8FE4C" box="[198,376,392,417]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Tibicen auletes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is found in the forested areas primarily in the north and central portion of the state (Fig. 13). It inhabits various divisions of the Southeastern Plains and Southern Coastal Plains ecoregions. The species has been collected in Alachua, Duval, Hillsborough, Jackson, Jefferson, Leon, Liberty, Madison, Manatee, Okaloosa, and Volusia counties in Florida. The distributions of the closely related
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C349AFF977831FB23FDACFAF6FDF4" ID-CoL="9F2MC" box="[1212,1350,512,537]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Tibicen" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="figuratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968930BFF977831FB23FDACFAF6FDF4" box="[1212,1350,512,537]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">T. figuratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C349AFF977831FA19FDACFEB0FDAC" ID-CoL="8J7N3" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Tibicen" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="resonans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968930BFF977831FA19FDACFEB0FDAC" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">T. resonans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
extend further south along the east coast than does the distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C349AFF977831FBA9FD84FB16FDAC" ID-CoL="8J7LW" box="[1078,1190,552,577]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Tibicen" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="auletes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968930BFF977831FBA9FD84FB16FDAC" box="[1078,1190,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">T. auletes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |