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<document id="9CCAC693DD481A9546150046CC43EC11" ID-CLB-Dataset="5404" ID-DOI="10.1111/j.1096-3642.2005.00167.x" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7b2437dc-af23-4f18-a2de-8604d0626989" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4634644" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1616618531341" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Pola, M., Cervera, J. L &amp; Gosliner, T. M." docDate="2005" docId="03B5622CFF981209FEB68086FC4BFDD4" docLanguage="en" docName="ZoolJLinnSoc.144.167-189.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 144 (2)" docSource="https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2005.00167.x" docStyle="DocumentStyle:0DD8C314D74634CE09062A86991413F8.2:ZoolJLinnSoc.2002-2009.journal_article" docStyleId="0DD8C314D74634CE09062A86991413F8" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2002-2009.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Roboastra TIGRIS FARMER 1978" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="179" masterDocId="FF8C1A54FF931205FFA4855EFFD2FFBC" masterDocTitle="Review of the systematics of the genus Roboastra Bergh, 1877 (Nudibranchia, Polyceridae, Nembrothinae) with the description of a new species from the Galápagos Islands" masterLastPageNumber="189" masterPageNumber="167" pageNumber="178" updateTime="1698934781332" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
<mods:mods id="20508BDE17AE12D196CB6666B21565A0" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:title id="5511191FB78F701E6231E7001435BDCC">Review of the systematics of the genus Roboastra Bergh, 1877 (Nudibranchia, Polyceridae, Nembrothinae) with the description of a new species from the Galápagos Islands</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="CBF7454AD834D4CD3CA07F9F44CED331" type="personal">
<mods:role id="BCE9CE2DD24C9D3651E11011A9FFD592">
<mods:roleTerm id="EF14F58A716FEB008874B9FF8240EF8A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="0CA73DD6D825A534AD9C82C19462AAE6">Pola, M.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="CCD711124E0B0A4C85B0DBAA486683FE" type="personal">
<mods:role id="2158AF71E3C0BF43A41CC9424EEF738B">
<mods:roleTerm id="8876B48C497177B57717899FF7D57188">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="6934B8D7E1F1A72C6E89AAFDBA48432F">Cervera, J. L</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="FC4E9D381ED248809B6EB9695555A879" type="personal">
<mods:role id="6908A716D157E92B60299373DF5137EA">
<mods:roleTerm id="86726CD2117BCC723440072C5EFB1908">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="C97D784D1BD76094B22D1A9319C80C15">Gosliner, T. M.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="8B4DDBF4E080D9062928C3C6D6517586">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="6EBB46A32F07F631CFA06FD2D1C4A9ED">
<mods:title id="A0430BDAAE854FBE647E19E14E971CD8">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="0DA3FFBB0AC238A34031884BEF86BC44">
<mods:date id="43477425AA6AD56D5C0FEAB938276AFB">2005</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="99BF106CE95F864ECA8A9E15D8C2EAC9" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="92D6DC6F0D5DCBD5D66EE5C37AEE0E61">2005-06-30</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="8A3B43460CC51DEBC54E3B136DE2549E" type="volume">
<mods:number id="1D02B7C451C9EF7E70D4E240CAB6F6B9">144</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="1158A5A35C9B6C863C13099DC3C10052" type="issue">
<mods:number id="693617D58160EF465FEE240C990624BD">2</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="7E418B2654668ED936AB0DE3DB7430AE">167</mods:start>
<mods:end id="761D5911E118D451AE36B71D067A20E7">189</mods:end>
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<mods:url id="C86C3D47B549D710E57E7CBE561894A2">https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2005.00167.x</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="04FFBEDEAB5F9A125FCE7C1FA0A21894">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="55360EBBC0C9AFBF82E14ADB01F113D5" type="CLB-Dataset">5404</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="D6F7D58E72A1A25B518DB46AD94DE0E9" type="DOI">10.1111/j.1096-3642.2005.00167.x</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="EA56B7D670BFDD2987336C339EC04DBF" type="GBIF-Dataset">7b2437dc-af23-4f18-a2de-8604d0626989</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="7DD7F328D55A8ACCE45CD2C4EDB5102C" type="ISSN">0024-4082</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="4456698E8B4D54D5F8FCC7938DA8F7DE" type="Zenodo-Dep">4634644</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03B5622CFF981209FEB68086FC4BFDD4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5113674" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183630588" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5113674" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B5622CFF981209FEB68086FC4BFDD4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B5622CFF981209FEB68086FC4BFDD4" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="179" pageId="11" pageNumber="178">
<subSubSection id="C30680B1FF98120EFEB68086FD48FA53" box="[274,666,1495,1519]" pageId="11" pageNumber="178" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BA3D33AFF98120EFEB68086FD48FA53" blockId="11.[274,666,1495,1551]" box="[274,666,1495,1519]" pageId="11" pageNumber="178">
<heading id="D0EB6456FF98120EFEB68086FD48FA53" box="[274,666,1495,1519]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="178" reason="5">
<taxonomicName id="4C1CA8B9FF98120EFEB68086FD48FA53" ID-CoL="7PFWD" authority="TIGRIS FARMER, 1978" authorityName="TIGRIS FARMER" authorityYear="1978" box="[274,666,1495,1519]" class="Gastropoda" family="Polyceridae" genus="Roboastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="11" pageNumber="178" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9680F28FF98120EFEB68086FE3FFA51" box="[274,493,1496,1519]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="178">ROBOASTRA TIGRIS</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8DAECBFF98120EFE508089FD48FA53" author="Farmer WM" box="[500,666,1495,1519]" pageId="11" pageNumber="178" pagination="375 - 385" refId="ref14739" refString="Farmer WM. 1978. Tambja and Roboastra (Mollusca: Opisthobranchia) from the Gulf of Calilfornia and the Galapagos Islands. Veliger 20 (4): 375 - 385." type="journal article" year="1978">FARMER, 1978</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30680B1FF981209FEE280A9FC4BFDD4" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="179" pageId="11" pageNumber="178" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA3D33AFF98120EFEE280A9FDB5F9B3" blockId="11.[274,666,1495,1551]" box="[326,615,1527,1551]" pageId="11" pageNumber="178">
(
<figureCitation id="1327CFBFFF98120EFEEA80A9FE7FF9B3" box="[334,429,1527,1551]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[142,220,1613,1632]" captionTargetBox="[302,1236,194,1580]" captionTargetId="figure-175@4.[299,1259,188,1580]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3. Drawings of reproductive systems of Roboastra spp. A, R. gracilis. B, R. luteolineata. C, R. tigris. D, R. europaea (adapted from Pola et al., 2003). E, R. caboverdensis. F, R. leonis sp. nov. Scale bar = 1 mm. Abbreviations: am, ampulla; bc, bursa copulatrix; fglm, female gland mass; ga, genital atrium; p, penis; pr, prostate; rs, receptaculum seminis, ud, uterine duct; va, vagina; vd, vas deferens; vgl, vaginal gland." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4634651" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4634651/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="178">FIGS 3C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1327CFBFFF98120EFE1F80A9FE0CF9B3" box="[443,478,1527,1551]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[142,220,196,215]" captionTargetId="figure-27@5.[289,1316,198,1882]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4. Penial morphology of Roboastra spp. A, R. gracilis (CASIZ 087131), scale bar = 30 Mm; B, R. luteolineata (CASIZ 115739), scale bar = 30 Mm. C, R. tigris (NHMLAC 140747), scale bar = 300 Mm. D, R. europaea (MNCN 15.05/46613), scale bar = 50 Mm. E, R. caboverdensis (MNCN 15.05/46614), scale bar = 90 Mm. F, R. leonis sp. nov. (CASIZ 097577), scale bar = 300 Mm. G-I, detail of the three different kinds of spines in R. caboverdensis (MNCN 15.05/46614), scale bar = 10 Mm. J, T. morosa (CASIZ 142786; 35 mm preserved), scale bar = 20 Mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5113662" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5113662/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="178">4C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1327CFBFFF98120EFE4F80A9FDDCF9B3" box="[491,526,1527,1551]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="8.[142,220,1548,1567]" captionTargetBox="[195,1365,197,1514]" captionTargetId="figure-173@8.[195,1368,197,1516]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 6. Photographs of living animals: A, Roboastra luteolineata, Papua New Guinea (photo T.M. Gosliner). B, R. tigris, Mar de Cortés (photo H. Debelius). C1, R. europaea, Carroñera, Spain (light form) (photo L. Tocino). C2, R. europaea, Tarifa, Spain (black form) (photo T.M. Gosliner. D, R. caboverdensis, Cape Verde (photo P. Wirtz). E, R. leonis sp. nov., the Galápagos Islands (photo T.M. Gosliner)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4634657" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4634657/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="178">6B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1327CFBFFF98120EFDBF80A9FD8CF9B3" box="[539,606,1527,1551]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="9.[162,240,1708,1727]" captionTargetBox="[257,1345,197,1676]" captionTargetId="figure-168@9.[257,1346,197,1676]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 7. Scanning electron micrographs of the radula. A, right half of the radula, Roboastra luteolineata (CASIZ 115739), scale bar = 300 Mm. B, innermost lateral teeth, R. luteolineata (CASIZ 086319), scale bar = 30 Mm. C, left half of the radula, R. tigris (CASIZ 057321), scale bar = 300 Mm. D, outermost lateral teeth, R. tigris (CASIZ 068357), scale bar = 90 Mm. E, innermost lateral teeth, R. europaea (CASIZ 166053); white lines indicate the bifid upper cusp of some inner teeth, scale bar = 200 Mm. F, right half of the radula, R. caboverdensis (MNCN 15.05/46614), scale bar = 300 Mm. G, innermost lateral teeth, R. caboverdensis (MNCN 15.05/46614), scale bar = 90 Mm. H, right half of the radula, R. leonis sp. nov. (CASIZ 097577), scale bar = 300 Mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4634659" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4634659/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="178">7C, D</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA3D33AFF98120EFF068376FC5CFECF" blockId="11.[162,779,1576,1904]" lastBlockId="11.[826,1443,196,371]" pageId="11" pageNumber="178">
<emphasis id="B9680F28FF98120EFF068376FE53F981" box="[162,385,1576,1597]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="178">Material examined:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B74D967FF98120EFE2E8376FD06F949" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3325216308" collectingDate="1975-10" collectingDateMax="1984-10" collectingDateMin="1975-10" collectionCode="LACM, R" collectorName="M. Michel &amp; D. Mulliner." country="Mexico" county="Gulf of California" elevation="17" location="Bahia de Los Angeles" municipality="Bahia de Los Angeles" pageId="11" pageNumber="178" specimenCount="4" stateProvince="Baja California">
<location id="8EC385E1FF98120EFE2E8376FD5AF982" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B5622CFF981209FEB68086FC4BFDD4:8EC385E1FF98120EFE2E8376FD5AF982" box="[394,648,1576,1598]" country="Mexico" county="Gulf of California" municipality="Bahia de Los Angeles" name="Bahia de Los Angeles" pageId="11" pageNumber="178" stateProvince="Baja California">Bahía de Los Angeles</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="49D81DD8FF98120EFD318376FF3AF9E0" country="Mexico" name="Baja California" pageId="11" pageNumber="178">Baja California</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="8EC385E1FF98120EFF5F8318FE06F9E0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B5622CFF981209FEB68086FC4BFDD4:8EC385E1FF98120EFF5F8318FE06F9E0" box="[251,468,1606,1628]" country="Mexico" county="Gulf of California" municipality="Bahia de Los Angeles" name="Gulf of California" pageId="11" pageNumber="178" stateProvince="Baja California">Gulf of California</location>
,
<collectingCountry id="F30B93AAFF98120EFE428318FDEAF9E0" box="[486,568,1606,1628]" name="Mexico" pageId="11" pageNumber="178">Mexico</collectingCountry>
,
<date id="FFA2F5FAFF98120EFDEE8318FD38F9E0" box="[586,746,1606,1628]" pageId="11" pageNumber="178" value="1975-10">
<collectingDate id="EFE60C12FF98120EFDEE8318FD38F9E0" box="[586,746,1606,1628]" pageId="11" pageNumber="178" value="1975-10">October 1975</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<specimenCount id="9D1A18B3FF98120EFD588318FECBF9C7" pageId="11" pageNumber="178" type="generic">3 specimens</specimenCount>
,
<elevation id="00313409FF98120EFE90833BFE22F9C7" box="[308,496,1637,1659]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="11" pageNumber="178" unit="m" value="16.5" valueMax="21.0" valueMin="12.0">
<quantity id="4CE47EDFFF98120EFE90833BFE44F9C6" box="[308,406,1637,1658]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="11" pageNumber="178" unit="m" value="16.5" valueMax="21.0" valueMin="12.0">12–21 m</quantity>
depth
</elevation>
,
<quantity id="4CE47EDFFF98120EFDAF833BFD51F9C6" box="[523,643,1637,1659]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="178" unit="mm" value="27.5" valueMax="35.0" valueMin="20.0">20–35 mm</quantity>
preserved length, collected by
<collectorName id="26E9B6ECFF98120EFE2383DAFE28F926" box="[391,506,1668,1690]" pageId="11" pageNumber="178">M. Michel</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="26E9B6ECFF98120EFDBB83DAFD7AF926" box="[543,680,1668,1690]" pageId="11" pageNumber="178">D. Mulliner.</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED0D4BFFFF98120EFD1383DAFCD5F925" box="[695,775,1668,1689]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" name="Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County" pageId="11" pageNumber="178" type="Museum">LACM</collectionCode>
: 140747).
<collectingMunicipality id="6BC74940FF98120EFEA883FCFDD8F904" box="[268,522,1698,1720]" pageId="11" pageNumber="178">Bahía de Los Angeles</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingRegion id="49D81DD8FF98120EFDB383FCFD19F904" box="[535,715,1698,1720]" country="Mexico" name="Baja California" pageId="11" pageNumber="178">Baja California</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCounty id="62C2ABB6FF98120EFD7C83FCFEEAF96B" pageId="11" pageNumber="178">Gulf of California</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingCountry id="F30B93AAFF98120EFEEC839FFE48F96B" box="[328,410,1729,1751]" name="Mexico" pageId="11" pageNumber="178">Mexico</collectingCountry>
,
<date id="FFA2F5FAFF98120EFE0E839FFD9AF96A" box="[426,584,1729,1751]" pageId="11" pageNumber="178" value="1984-10">
<collectingDate id="EFE60C12FF98120EFE0E839FFD9AF96A" box="[426,584,1729,1751]" pageId="11" pageNumber="178" value="1984-10">October 1984</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<specimenCount id="9D1A18B3FF98120EFDFC839FFD0CF96B" box="[600,734,1729,1751]" pageId="11" pageNumber="178" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
,
<elevation id="00313409FF98120EFD4B839FFEFFF94A" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="178" unit="m" value="8.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="7.0">
<quantity id="4CE47EDFFF98120EFD4B839FFF08F949" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="178" unit="m" value="8.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="7.0">7– 10 m</quantity>
depth
</elevation>
,
<quantity id="4CE47EDFFF98120EFEE483BEFE5DF949" box="[320,399,1760,1781]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="178" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
preserved, collected by
<collectionCode id="ED0D4BFFFF98120EFD1B83BEFD06F949" box="[703,724,1760,1781]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="11" pageNumber="178">R</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B74D967FF98120EFD7983BEFC59FECF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3325216311" collectingDate="1985-01" collectingDateMax="1985-04" collectingDateMin="1965-09" collectionCode="CASIZ, R" collectorName="Van Syoc &amp; A. J. Ferreira" country="Mexico" county="Gulf of California" elevation="4" location="Van Syoc" municipality="Bahia de Los Angeles" pageId="11" pageNumber="178" specimenCode="CASIZ 072629" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Baja California">
<collectorName id="26E9B6ECFF98120EFD7983BEFF04F8AF" pageId="11" pageNumber="178">
<location id="8EC385E1FF98120EFD7983BEFF04F8AF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B5622CFF981209FEB68086FC4BFDD4:8EC385E1FF98120EFD7983BEFF04F8AF" country="Mexico" county="Gulf of California" municipality="Bahia de Los Angeles" name="Van Syoc" pageId="11" pageNumber="178" stateProvince="Baja California">Van Syoc</location>
</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="26E9B6ECFF98120EFF5B83A0FE40F8A8" box="[255,402,1790,1812]" pageId="11" pageNumber="178">A.J. Ferreira</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED0D4BFFFF98120EFE0083A0FE26F8AF" box="[420,500,1790,1811]" pageId="11" pageNumber="178">CASIZ</collectionCode>
: 057321).
<collectingMunicipality id="6BC74940FF98120EFDCA83A0FF2CF88F" pageId="11" pageNumber="178">Bahía de Los Angeles</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingRegion id="49D81DD8FF98120EFEA98243FE11F88F" box="[269,451,1821,1843]" country="Mexico" name="Baja California" pageId="11" pageNumber="178">Baja California</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCounty id="62C2ABB6FF98120EFE758243FD77F88F" box="[465,677,1821,1843]" pageId="11" pageNumber="178">Gulf of California</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingCountry id="F30B93AAFF98120EFD178243FCD4F88F" box="[691,774,1821,1843]" name="Mexico" pageId="11" pageNumber="178">Mexico</collectingCountry>
,
<date id="FFA2F5FAFF98120EFF068262FE96F8ED" box="[162,324,1851,1873]" pageId="11" pageNumber="178" value="1985-01">
<collectingDate id="EFE60C12FF98120EFF068262FE96F8ED" box="[162,324,1851,1873]" pageId="11" pageNumber="178" value="1985-01">January 1985</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<specimenCount id="9D1A18B3FF98120EFEF68262FE07F8EE" box="[338,469,1852,1874]" pageId="11" pageNumber="178" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
,
<elevation id="00313409FF98120EFE478262FDA4F8EE" box="[483,630,1852,1874]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="178" unit="m" value="4.0" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="1.0">
<quantity id="4CE47EDFFF98120EFE478262FDFBF8ED" box="[483,553,1852,1873]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="178" unit="m" value="4.0" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="1.0">1–7 m</quantity>
depth
</elevation>
,
<quantity id="4CE47EDFFF98120EFD208262FD01F8ED" box="[644,723,1852,1873]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="178" unit="mm" value="40.0">40 mm</quantity>
preserved, collected by
<collectionCode id="ED0D4BFFFF98120EFE278205FE44F8CC" box="[387,406,1883,1904]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="11" pageNumber="178">R</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="26E9B6ECFF98120EFE3E8205FDD1F8D3" box="[410,515,1882,1904]" pageId="11" pageNumber="178">
<location id="8EC385E1FF98120EFE3E8205FDD1F8D3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B5622CFF981209FEB68086FC4BFDD4:8EC385E1FF98120EFE3E8205FDD1F8D3" box="[410,515,1882,1904]" country="Mexico" county="Gulf of California" municipality="Gulf of California" name="Van Syoc" pageId="11" pageNumber="178" stateProvince="Sonora">Van Syoc</location>
</collectorName>
<emphasis id="B9680F28FF98120EFDAE8205FDE9F8D3" box="[522,571,1882,1904]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="178">et al</emphasis>
. (
<collectionCode id="ED0D4BFFFF98120EFDEB8204FD4DF8D3" box="[591,671,1882,1903]" pageId="11" pageNumber="178">CASIZ</collectionCode>
: 057613). Isla
<location id="8EC385E1FF98120EFCCA859AFBD1FF66" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B5622CFF981209FEB68086FC4BFDD4:8EC385E1FF98120EFCCA859AFBD1FF66" box="[878,1027,196,218]" country="Mexico" county="Gulf of California" municipality="Gulf of California" name="San Esteban" pageId="11" pageNumber="178" stateProvince="Sonora">San Esteban</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="49D81DD8FF98120EFBB5859AFBB1FF65" box="[1041,1123,196,217]" country="Mexico" name="Sonora" pageId="11" pageNumber="178">Sonora</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BC74940FF98120EFBD4859AFAEDFF66" box="[1136,1343,196,218]" pageId="11" pageNumber="178">Gulf of California</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCountry id="F30B93AAFF98120EFAEF859AFA4CFF66" box="[1355,1438,196,218]" name="Mexico" pageId="11" pageNumber="178">Mexico</collectingCountry>
,
<date id="FFA2F5FAFF98120EFC9E85BCFC66FF44" box="[826,948,226,248]" pageId="11" pageNumber="178" value="1985-04">
<collectingDate id="EFE60C12FF98120EFC9E85BCFC66FF44" box="[826,948,226,248]" pageId="11" pageNumber="178" value="1985-04">April 1985</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<specimenCount id="9D1A18B3FF98120EFC1B85BCFBEDFF44" box="[959,1087,226,248]" pageId="11" pageNumber="178" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
,
<elevation id="00313409FF98120EFBED85BCFB19FF44" box="[1097,1227,226,248]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="11" pageNumber="178" unit="m" value="12.0">
<quantity id="4CE47EDFFF98120EFBED85BCFB50FF44" box="[1097,1154,226,248]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="11" pageNumber="178" unit="m" value="12.0">12 m</quantity>
depth
</elevation>
,
<quantity id="4CE47EDFFF98120EFB7285BCFAF7FF44" box="[1238,1317,226,248]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="178" unit="mm" value="40.0">40 mm</quantity>
preserved, collected by
<collectorName id="26E9B6ECFF98120EFC67845FFBFFFEAA" box="[963,1069,257,278]" pageId="11" pageNumber="178">L. Dunne</collectorName>
(
<specimenCode id="DBBA7B41FF98120EFB9E845FFB31FEAB" box="[1082,1251,257,279]" collectionCode="CASIZ" pageId="11" pageNumber="178">CASIZ 072629</specimenCode>
).
<collectingRegion id="49D81DD8FF98120EFB50845FFCB1FE89" country="Mexico" name="Baja California Sur" pageId="11" pageNumber="178">Baja California Sur</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCounty id="62C2ABB6FF98120EFCD1847EFB9FFE8A" box="[885,1101,288,310]" pageId="11" pageNumber="178">Gulf of California</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingCountry id="F30B93AAFF98120EFBFA847EFB62FE8A" box="[1118,1200,288,310]" name="Mexico" pageId="11" pageNumber="178">Mexico</collectingCountry>
,
<date id="FFA2F5FAFF98120EFB65847EFA50FE89" box="[1217,1410,287,310]" pageId="11" pageNumber="178" value="1965-09">
<collectingDate id="EFE60C12FF98120EFB65847EFA50FE89" box="[1217,1410,287,310]" pageId="11" pageNumber="178" value="1965-09">September 1965</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<specimenCount id="9D1A18B3FF98120EFA30847EFC74FEE8" pageId="11" pageNumber="178" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
,
<elevation id="00313409FF98120EFC158460FBE6FEE8" box="[945,1076,318,340]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="178" unit="m" value="30.0">
<quantity id="4CE47EDFFF98120EFC158460FC38FEE8" box="[945,1002,318,340]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="178" unit="m" value="30.0">30 m</quantity>
depth
</elevation>
, collected by
<collectorName id="26E9B6ECFF98120EFB6F8461FA92FEE8" box="[1227,1344,318,340]" pageId="11" pageNumber="178">D. Wobber</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED0D4BFFFF98120EFAEA8460FA4DFEEF" box="[1358,1439,318,339]" pageId="11" pageNumber="178">CASIZ</collectionCode>
: 68357)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA3D33AFF98120EFC9E84CEFADDFD9D" blockId="11.[826,1441,400,545]" pageId="11" pageNumber="178">
<emphasis id="B9680F28FF98120EFC9E84CEFB42FE1A" box="[826,1168,400,422]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="178">
Distribution:
<taxonomicName id="4C1CA8B9FF98120EFC7D84CEFB42FE1A" box="[985,1168,400,422]" class="Gastropoda" family="Polyceridae" genus="Roboastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="11" pageNumber="178" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="tigris">Roboastra tigris</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
has been reported from offshore islands in the central and southern Gulf of California (Islas
<collectingCountry id="F30B93AAFF98120EFBAA8493FB5DFE5F" box="[1038,1167,461,483]" name="Saint Pierre and Miquelon" pageId="11" pageNumber="178">San Pedro</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F30B93AAFF98120EFB008490FAFAFE5F" box="[1188,1320,462,483]" name="Montserrat" pageId="11" pageNumber="178">Monserrate</collectingCountry>
and San Diego, Guaymas, and islands in the region of Bahía de Los Angeles and La Paz) (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8DAECBFF98120EFBC38755FAD1FD9D" author="Farmer WM" box="[1127,1283,523,545]" pageId="11" pageNumber="178" pagination="375 - 385" refId="ref14739" refString="Farmer WM. 1978. Tambja and Roboastra (Mollusca: Opisthobranchia) from the Gulf of Calilfornia and the Galapagos Islands. Veliger 20 (4): 375 - 385." type="journal article" year="1978">Farmer, 1978</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA3D33AFF98120EFC9E8760FBE2FB9C" blockId="11.[826,1443,574,1638]" pageId="11" pageNumber="178">
<emphasis id="B9680F28FF98120EFC9E8760FBE0FDEF" box="[826,1074,574,595]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="178">External morphology</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1327CFBFFF98120EFBEB8760FB72FDE8" box="[1103,1184,574,596]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="8.[142,220,1548,1567]" captionTargetBox="[195,1365,197,1514]" captionTargetId="figure-173@8.[195,1368,197,1516]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 6. Photographs of living animals: A, Roboastra luteolineata, Papua New Guinea (photo T.M. Gosliner). B, R. tigris, Mar de Cortés (photo H. Debelius). C1, R. europaea, Carroñera, Spain (light form) (photo L. Tocino). C2, R. europaea, Tarifa, Spain (black form) (photo T.M. Gosliner. D, R. caboverdensis, Cape Verde (photo P. Wirtz). E, R. leonis sp. nov., the Galápagos Islands (photo T.M. Gosliner)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4634657" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4634657/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="178">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
): Body elongate and limaciform with a long and pointed posterior end of the foot. The preserved animals are
<quantity id="4CE47EDFFF98120EFAA08725FAAEFD2D" box="[1284,1404,635,657]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="178" unit="mm" value="30.0" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="20.0">20–40 mm</quantity>
in length. The body surface is lightly wrinkled with most of the wrinkles following the longitudinal stripes on the notum and both sides of the body. The predominant body colour is a greenish, yellow-ochre, or brown, with five longitudinal dark navy blue stripes outlined by light green. There is a band surrounding the notal edge. Another midline extends from the anterior part, near the edge of the notum, to the middle gills and continues behind these gills. Two other lines start from the rhinophore sheaths and run parallel until they join in the postbranchial region. The line that results from the two joined lines continues to the posterior end of the foot.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA3D33AFF98120EFCF78176FA88F9DA" blockId="11.[826,1443,574,1638]" pageId="11" pageNumber="178">The eyespots are bluish in colour and well defined. They join with the rhinophores to form two shorter lines that continue for a little way behind the eyespots. The sides may have an interrupted stripe. The sole of the foot is blue-black and the foot margin is blue. The head is rounded with a pair of conical, completely retractile perfoliate rhinophores with approximately 35 tightly packed lamellae. The oral tentacles are strongly developed and dorsolaterally grooved along a part of their length and they also are blueblack. There are five nonretractile tripinnate gills; the three anteriormost gills are more highly developed. The gills form a semicircle surrounding the anal papilla, which is elevated and is blue-black. The pinna of the gills is dark blue, while the inner side of the rachis is yellow. The rhinophores and their sheaths are blue-black with light green central axes. The oral area is cobalt blue. The genital pore opens on the right side, midway between the gills and the rhinophores.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA3D33AFF981209FC9E83DAFDAAFDD4" blockId="11.[826,1442,1668,1904]" lastBlockId="12.[142,758,196,1598]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="179" pageId="11" pageNumber="178">
<emphasis id="B9680F28FF98120EFC9E83DAFBE2F925" box="[826,1072,1668,1689]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="178">Internal morphology:</emphasis>
All specimens were dissected. The anterior digestive tract begins with a long, thickwalled, muscular oral tube, which continues into the buccal mass. The buccal mass is elongate and tubular, with a pair of slender elongate pouches opening into the digestive system at the junction of the oral tube and the buccal mass. The salivary glands are small and short, entering on the buccal mass and flanking the oesophagus. The labial cuticle and the labial armature are absent. There is a well-developed blood gland that is granular in texture. The radular formula of one 40-mm-long specimen (preserved) is 28 ¥ 4.1.1.1.4; that of the 30-mm-long specimen (preserved) is 30 ¥ 4–3.1.1.1.3–4. The rachidian tooth (
<figureCitation id="1327CFBFFF9F1209FDDE8403FD1EFECF" box="[634,716,349,371]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="9.[162,240,1708,1727]" captionTargetBox="[257,1345,197,1676]" captionTargetId="figure-168@9.[257,1346,197,1676]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 7. Scanning electron micrographs of the radula. A, right half of the radula, Roboastra luteolineata (CASIZ 115739), scale bar = 300 Mm. B, innermost lateral teeth, R. luteolineata (CASIZ 086319), scale bar = 30 Mm. C, left half of the radula, R. tigris (CASIZ 057321), scale bar = 300 Mm. D, outermost lateral teeth, R. tigris (CASIZ 068357), scale bar = 90 Mm. E, innermost lateral teeth, R. europaea (CASIZ 166053); white lines indicate the bifid upper cusp of some inner teeth, scale bar = 200 Mm. F, right half of the radula, R. caboverdensis (MNCN 15.05/46614), scale bar = 300 Mm. G, innermost lateral teeth, R. caboverdensis (MNCN 15.05/46614), scale bar = 90 Mm. H, right half of the radula, R. leonis sp. nov. (CASIZ 097577), scale bar = 300 Mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4634659" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4634659/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="179">Fig. 7C</figureCitation>
) is broad, thin and very arched at its base with two welldifferentiated lateral cusps and a small one in the middle. The inner lateral tooth (
<figureCitation id="1327CFBFFF9F1209FD9684E7FD57FE73" box="[562,645,441,463]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="9.[162,240,1708,1727]" captionTargetBox="[257,1345,197,1676]" captionTargetId="figure-168@9.[257,1346,197,1676]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 7. Scanning electron micrographs of the radula. A, right half of the radula, Roboastra luteolineata (CASIZ 115739), scale bar = 300 Mm. B, innermost lateral teeth, R. luteolineata (CASIZ 086319), scale bar = 30 Mm. C, left half of the radula, R. tigris (CASIZ 057321), scale bar = 300 Mm. D, outermost lateral teeth, R. tigris (CASIZ 068357), scale bar = 90 Mm. E, innermost lateral teeth, R. europaea (CASIZ 166053); white lines indicate the bifid upper cusp of some inner teeth, scale bar = 200 Mm. F, right half of the radula, R. caboverdensis (MNCN 15.05/46614), scale bar = 300 Mm. G, innermost lateral teeth, R. caboverdensis (MNCN 15.05/46614), scale bar = 90 Mm. H, right half of the radula, R. leonis sp. nov. (CASIZ 097577), scale bar = 300 Mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4634659" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4634659/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="179">Fig. 7C</figureCitation>
) is very curved, with two very well developed cusps. The inner cusp is simple and larger than the outer one, which is very slender. The remaining lateral radular teeth (3- 4) are quadrangular, lack cusps or denticulation and become smaller near the margin (
<figureCitation id="1327CFBFFF9F1209FDB1870CFDB9FDD4" box="[533,619,594,616]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="9.[162,240,1708,1727]" captionTargetBox="[257,1345,197,1676]" captionTargetId="figure-168@9.[257,1346,197,1676]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 7. Scanning electron micrographs of the radula. A, right half of the radula, Roboastra luteolineata (CASIZ 115739), scale bar = 300 Mm. B, innermost lateral teeth, R. luteolineata (CASIZ 086319), scale bar = 30 Mm. C, left half of the radula, R. tigris (CASIZ 057321), scale bar = 300 Mm. D, outermost lateral teeth, R. tigris (CASIZ 068357), scale bar = 90 Mm. E, innermost lateral teeth, R. europaea (CASIZ 166053); white lines indicate the bifid upper cusp of some inner teeth, scale bar = 200 Mm. F, right half of the radula, R. caboverdensis (MNCN 15.05/46614), scale bar = 300 Mm. G, innermost lateral teeth, R. caboverdensis (MNCN 15.05/46614), scale bar = 90 Mm. H, right half of the radula, R. leonis sp. nov. (CASIZ 097577), scale bar = 300 Mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4634659" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4634659/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="179">Fig. 7D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA3D33AFF9F1209FF03872FFD3AFC4A" blockId="12.[142,758,196,1598]" pageId="12" pageNumber="179">
The reproductive system is triaulic.
<figureCitation id="1327CFBFFF9F1209FD20872FFD24FD3A" box="[644,758,625,647]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[142,220,1613,1632]" captionTargetBox="[302,1236,194,1580]" captionTargetId="figure-175@4.[299,1259,188,1580]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3. Drawings of reproductive systems of Roboastra spp. A, R. gracilis. B, R. luteolineata. C, R. tigris. D, R. europaea (adapted from Pola et al., 2003). E, R. caboverdensis. F, R. leonis sp. nov. Scale bar = 1 mm. Abbreviations: am, ampulla; bc, bursa copulatrix; fglm, female gland mass; ga, genital atrium; p, penis; pr, prostate; rs, receptaculum seminis, ud, uterine duct; va, vagina; vd, vas deferens; vgl, vaginal gland." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4634651" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4634651/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="179">Figure 3C</figureCitation>
shows that of the 40-mm-long specimen (preserved) (CASIZ: 072629). The whole genital mass is very small, filling a third of the second body cavity. The hermaphroditic duct widens into a small S-shaped ampulla. The ampulla narrows into a large and wide postampullary duct, which bifurcates into the vas deferens and oviduct. The short oviduct enters the female gland mass. The deferent duct, which lacks a morphologically well-differentiated prostate, is long and coiled, ending in a dilated and darkly pigmented penial sac. The deferent duct has a uniform width, but it is slightly wider and thicker in the prostatic part.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA3D33AFF9F1209FF03815EFF37F982" blockId="12.[142,758,196,1598]" pageId="12" pageNumber="179">
The distal part of the vas deferens enters the wide penial bulb. The penis is located within the distal end of this muscular portion, and it is armed with at least three different kinds of hooked and chitinous spines arranged in helicoidal rows (
<figureCitation id="1327CFBFFF9F1209FE7B8124FDE1FB2C" box="[479,563,1146,1168]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[142,220,196,215]" captionTargetId="figure-27@5.[289,1316,198,1882]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4. Penial morphology of Roboastra spp. A, R. gracilis (CASIZ 087131), scale bar = 30 Mm; B, R. luteolineata (CASIZ 115739), scale bar = 30 Mm. C, R. tigris (NHMLAC 140747), scale bar = 300 Mm. D, R. europaea (MNCN 15.05/46613), scale bar = 50 Mm. E, R. caboverdensis (MNCN 15.05/46614), scale bar = 90 Mm. F, R. leonis sp. nov. (CASIZ 097577), scale bar = 300 Mm. G-I, detail of the three different kinds of spines in R. caboverdensis (MNCN 15.05/46614), scale bar = 10 Mm. J, T. morosa (CASIZ 142786; 35 mm preserved), scale bar = 20 Mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5113662" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5113662/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="179">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
). The bursa copulatrix and seminal receptacle are very small. The former is rounded and the latter is elongate; both are similar in size. The seminal receptacle has a short duct that connects to the vagina after making two loops near the bursa. The vagina is long and straight. Nearly halfway along its length, it branches into the uterine duct, which is long and convoluted and joins with the oviduct. There is a large, thick-walled, inverted L-shaped vaginal gland, which joins the distal part of the vagina; both open into the genital atrium. The reproductive system in this species is very small in the context of the total size of the specimens, and when compared with that of the other species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA3D33AFF9F1209FF2A833BFE67F8CC" blockId="12.[142,758,1637,1904]" pageId="12" pageNumber="179">
<emphasis id="B9680F28FF9F1209FF2A833BFE13F9C7" box="[142,449,1637,1659]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="179">
Remarks:
<taxonomicName id="4C1CA8B9FF9F1209FEA2833BFE13F9C7" box="[262,449,1637,1659]" class="Gastropoda" family="Polyceridae" genus="Roboastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="12" pageNumber="179" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="tigris">Roboastra tigris</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
was described by
<bibRefCitation id="EF8DAECBFF9F1209FD05833BFF0AF926" author="Farmer WM" pageId="12" pageNumber="179" pagination="375 - 385" refId="ref14739" refString="Farmer WM. 1978. Tambja and Roboastra (Mollusca: Opisthobranchia) from the Gulf of Calilfornia and the Galapagos Islands. Veliger 20 (4): 375 - 385." type="journal article" year="1978">Farmer (1978)</bibRefCitation>
. It is easily distinguishable by its colour pattern and large size. Farmer suggested that its size might be linked to its feeding mechanism and explained the role of the coelomic cavity.
<taxonomicName id="4C1CA8B9FF9F1209FD2683BEFF18F8A8" class="Gastropoda" family="Polyceridae" genus="Roboastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="12" pageNumber="179" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="tigris">
<emphasis id="B9680F28FF9F1209FD2683BEFF18F8A8" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="179">Roboastra tigris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
feeds on other polycerids, such as
<taxonomicName id="4C1CA8B9FF9F1209FD3B83A0FE71F88F" authority="Farmer (1978)" authorityName="Farmer" authorityYear="1978" class="Gastropoda" family="Polyceridae" genus="Tambja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="12" pageNumber="179" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="abdere">
<emphasis id="B9680F28FF9F1209FD3B83A0FF08F88E" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="179">Tambja abdere</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8DAECBFF9F1209FF548243FE71F88F" author="Farmer WM" box="[240,419,1821,1843]" pageId="12" pageNumber="179" pagination="375 - 385" refId="ref14739" refString="Farmer WM. 1978. Tambja and Roboastra (Mollusca: Opisthobranchia) from the Gulf of Calilfornia and the Galapagos Islands. Veliger 20 (4): 375 - 385." type="journal article" year="1978">Farmer (1978)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C1CA8B9FF9F1209FE5F8240FEE7F8EE" authority="(Marcus &amp; Marcus, 1967)" baseAuthorityName="Marcus &amp; Marcus" baseAuthorityYear="1967" class="Gastropoda" family="Polyceridae" genus="Tambja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="12" pageNumber="179" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="eliora">
<emphasis id="B9680F28FF9F1209FE5F8240FD85F88E" box="[507,599,1821,1843]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="179">T. eliora</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF8DAECBFF9F1209FDD18243FEFFF8EE" author="Marcus E &amp; Marcus E" pageId="12" pageNumber="179" pagination="1 - 256" refId="ref15405" refString="Marcus E, Marcus E. 1967. American opisthobranch mollusks. Studies in Tropical Oceanography Miami 6: 1 - 256." type="journal article" year="1967">Marcus &amp; Marcus, 1967</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. It was named
<taxonomicName id="4C1CA8B9FF9F1209FE548262FD99F8ED" box="[496,587,1852,1873]" class="Gastropoda" family="Polyceridae" genus="Roboastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="12" pageNumber="179" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="tigris">
<emphasis id="B9680F28FF9F1209FE548262FD99F8ED" box="[496,587,1852,1873]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="179">R. tigris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for its stripes and carnivorous appetite.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA3D33AFF9F1209FC9B859AFC4BFDD4" blockId="12.[806,1422,196,616]" pageId="12" pageNumber="179">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8DAECBFF9F1209FC9B859AFBBAFF65" author="Carte B &amp; Faulkner J" box="[831,1128,196,218]" pageId="12" pageNumber="179" pagination="2314 - 2318" refId="ref14418" refString="Carte B, Faulkner J. 1983. Defensive metabolites from three nembrothid Nudibranchs. Journal of Organic Chemistry 48 (14): 2314 - 2318." type="journal article" year="1983">Carté &amp; Faulkner (1983</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF8DAECBFF9F1209FBDF859AFB61FF66" author="Carte B &amp; Faulkner J" box="[1147,1203,196,218]" pageId="12" pageNumber="179" pagination="795 - 804" refId="ref14446" refString="Carte B, Faulkner J. 1986. Role of secondary metabolites in feeding associations between a predatory nudibranch, two grazing nudibranch, and a bryozoan. Journal of Chemical Ecology 12 (3): 795 - 804." type="journal article" year="1986">1986</bibRefCitation>
) and
<bibRefCitation id="EF8DAECBFF9F1209FAA7859AFC0BFF44" author="Faulkner J &amp; Ghiselin M" pageId="12" pageNumber="179" pagination="295 - 301" refId="ref14772" refString="Faulkner J, Ghiselin M. 1983. Chemical defense and evolutionary ecology of dorid nudibranchs and some other opisthobranch gastropods. Marine Ecology Progress Series 13: 295 - 301." type="book chapter" year="1983">Faulkner &amp; Ghiselin (1983)</bibRefCitation>
studied the defensive metabolites of
<taxonomicName id="4C1CA8B9FF9F1209FC82845CFC53FEAB" box="[806,897,258,279]" class="Gastropoda" family="Polyceridae" genus="Roboastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="12" pageNumber="179" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="tigris">
<emphasis id="B9680F28FF9F1209FC82845CFC53FEAB" box="[806,897,258,279]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="179">R. tigris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This species, and its prey
<taxonomicName id="4C1CA8B9FF9F1209FB4F845CFA81FEAA" authorityName="Farmer" authorityYear="1978" box="[1259,1363,257,279]" class="Gastropoda" family="Polyceridae" genus="Tambja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="12" pageNumber="179" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="abdere">
<emphasis id="B9680F28FF9F1209FB4F845CFA81FEAA" box="[1259,1363,257,279]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="179">T. abdere</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C1CA8B9FF9F1209FC82847EFC50FE89" baseAuthorityName="Marcus &amp; Marcus" baseAuthorityYear="1967" box="[806,898,288,309]" class="Gastropoda" family="Polyceridae" genus="Tambja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="12" pageNumber="179" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="eliora">
<emphasis id="B9680F28FF9F1209FC82847EFC50FE89" box="[806,898,288,309]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="179">T. eliora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, contain tambjamines A- D. These have been traced to a food source, the bryozoan
<taxonomicName id="4C1CA8B9FF9F1209FAA08460FC7BFECE" authorityName="Osburn" authorityYear="1950" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Bugulidae" genus="Sessibugula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="179" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="translucens">
<emphasis id="B9680F28FF9F1209FAA08460FC7BFECE" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="179">Sessibugula translucens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and are implicated in the chemical defence mechanism of the
<taxonomicName id="4C1CA8B9FF9F1209FBF18422FB7EFE2D" authorityName="Burn" authorityYear="1962" box="[1109,1196,380,401]" class="Gastropoda" family="Polyceridae" genus="Tambja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="12" pageNumber="179" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9680F28FF9F1209FBF18422FB7EFE2D" box="[1109,1196,380,401]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="179">Tambja</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species. The radula of
<taxonomicName id="4C1CA8B9FF9F1209FCE784C5FC4CFE0C" box="[835,926,411,432]" class="Gastropoda" family="Polyceridae" genus="Roboastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="12" pageNumber="179" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="tigris">
<emphasis id="B9680F28FF9F1209FCE784C5FC4CFE0C" box="[835,926,411,432]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="179">R. tigris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is very similar to that of
<taxonomicName id="4C1CA8B9FF9F1209FB6E84C5FAF9FE13" authority="Pola &amp; Cervera &amp; Gosliner, 2005" authorityName="Pola &amp; Cervera &amp; Gosliner" authorityYear="2005" box="[1226,1323,410,432]" class="Gastropoda" family="Polyceridae" genus="Roboastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="12" pageNumber="179" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="leonis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9680F28FF9F1209FB6E84C5FAF9FE13" box="[1226,1323,410,432]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="179">R. leonis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25BB253FF9F1209FA9784C5FA58FE0C" box="[1331,1418,411,432]" pageId="12" pageNumber="179" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, but in fully mature specimens the reproductive system is smaller than in
<taxonomicName id="4C1CA8B9FF9F1209FC588486FB8FFE51" authorityName="Pola &amp; Cervera &amp; Gosliner" authorityYear="2005" box="[1020,1117,472,493]" class="Gastropoda" family="Polyceridae" genus="Roboastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="12" pageNumber="179" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="leonis">
<emphasis id="B9680F28FF9F1209FC588486FB8FFE51" box="[1020,1117,472,493]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="179">R. leonis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The bursa copulatrix and the seminal receptacle are both similar in size while in
<taxonomicName id="4C1CA8B9FF9F1209FC828748FC55FD96" authorityName="Pola &amp; Cervera &amp; Gosliner" authorityYear="2005" box="[806,903,533,555]" class="Gastropoda" family="Polyceridae" genus="Roboastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="12" pageNumber="179" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="leonis">
<emphasis id="B9680F28FF9F1209FC828748FC55FD96" box="[806,903,533,555]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="179">R. leonis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
they are unequal in size. These differences were consistent in all specimens of each species examined here.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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