289 lines
40 KiB
XML
289 lines
40 KiB
XML
<document id="372581AF3D6C308C639A8AFB250FFE54" ID-CLB-Dataset="31123" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4365.4.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d834dbd0-6d0a-44b6-a642-ac416eb9a9a6" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1119197" ID-ZooBank="27B93F6C-55F8-40BB-A854-EB916E339D04" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1513752234029" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Thandar, Ahmed S." docDate="2017" docId="03B287CAAB528E18FF47FA26FAE4F92D" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4365.4.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4365 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Havelockia ferali subsp. andamanensis Thandar 2017, n. subsp." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="414" masterDocId="FF8BFFB2AB508E1CFFD0FFCCFE33FFB4" masterDocTitle="Two new subfamilies, three new species and a new subspecies of dendrochirotid sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea)" masterLastPageNumber="420" masterPageNumber="410" pageNumber="412" updateTime="1698510438216" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="F87594C0252946B0C17AB744091074B5" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="501989610DB30360837FE51D3A147074">
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<mods:title id="29146B8056CF9BE8458B70CB51AA5261">Two new subfamilies, three new species and a new subspecies of dendrochirotid sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="D59153532C90FFE64813EF4AC07D52C2" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="6637F2AB7AC8A09B0D9FB5333E44E222">
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<mods:roleTerm id="03E8FA48FFFC104C257D9CD3E93F1918">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="614BB12A6C5BC59FE5B6A5BB0F6C1031">Thandar, Ahmed S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="DCDB7A61CE6B1B334D8F4E5304D7492F">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="95F4AB8A4EBCE82F55B4EDBB0AD17434">
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<mods:title id="01FD50A8CC6D167176533806B5B727FE">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="BCE6ECC6614879DD7E1E6584479DFA23">
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<mods:date id="C84A4DF930B04AF6B6B9A248D20EE253">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="F5CC45E517910C9D8ED8A49422F23696">2017-12-20</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="800AE11DAB8FF7C181929BD3872CC0FB" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="7B83EFC8520057710C6D98E5EDCC8A85">4365</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="CF4D7BFD77C49BFA67F572918465E693" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="00835E9D5AB6E092A72A2392135D9FAC">4</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="4701F0B338F75074E91F92FC88F2C816">410</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="07CB0870D992AA407716346839ED777D">420</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="2ACCCDBFDBEBCC2253E6CFE9BF66D62F">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="75D1C2498B83F690D965A6C576F3DA55" type="CLB-Dataset">31123</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="7E4954573B89968417744F7A14F92100" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4365.4.2</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="CEBA8B081ADA7F1D85B076C85C1F4F51" type="GBIF-Dataset">d834dbd0-6d0a-44b6-a642-ac416eb9a9a6</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="4AD117CECC17D2B06FACB7CBAF04359A" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="7BB7C676FC71B87375FA78C0689032CF" type="Zenodo-Dep">1119197</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03B287CAAB528E18FF47FA26FAE4F92D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6028475" ID-GBIF-Taxon="139350590" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6028475" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B287CAAB528E18FF47FA26FAE4F92D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B287CAAB528E18FF47FA26FAE4F92D" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="414" pageId="2" pageNumber="412">
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<subSubSection id="C3016557AB528E1EFF47FA26FEDFF990" pageId="2" pageNumber="412" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA436DCAB528E1EFF47FA26FEDFF990" blockId="2.[151,630,1514,1572]" pageId="2" pageNumber="412">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D5FAB528E1EFF47FA26FC3FF9B7" ID-CoL="7GV4C" authority="Thandar, 2017" authorityName="Thandar" authorityYear="2017" box="[151,524,1514,1539]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Sclerodactylidae" genus="Havelockia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="412" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subSpecies" species="ferali" status="subsp. nov." subSpecies="andamanensis">
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<emphasis id="B96FEACEAB528E1EFF47FA26FC3FF9B7" bold="true" box="[151,524,1514,1539]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="412">Havelockia ferali andamanensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25C57B5AB528E1EFDC3FA27FC45F9B7" box="[531,630,1514,1539]" pageId="2" pageNumber="412" rank="subSpecies">n. subsp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation id="13202A59AB528E1EFF47F9C2FEDFF990" box="[151,236,1550,1572]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,868,890]" captionTargetBox="[152,1424,182,834]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,181,843]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Havelockia ferali andamanensis n. subsp. A. Specimens entire (a: holotype, NHMUK 1886.2.2.21; b: paratype, NHMUK1986.2.2.22-24); B. Tentacle ossicles; C. Anal ossicles; D.Introvert ossicles;E.Body wall tables; F. Tube feet tables; G. Part of calcareous ring (dorsal). (B–F drawn to same scale)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1119199/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="412">Figure 1</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3016557AB528E1EFF47F986FB16F9D7" box="[151,1317,1610,1635]" pageId="2" pageNumber="412" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8BA436DCAB528E1EFF47F986FB16F9D7" blockId="2.[151,1437,1610,2031]" box="[151,1317,1610,1635]" pageId="2" pageNumber="412">
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<emphasis id="B96FEACEAB528E1EFF47F986FF2DF9D7" bold="true" box="[151,286,1610,1635]" pageId="2" pageNumber="412">Etymology.</emphasis>
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This subspecies takes its name from its
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<typeStatus id="54A0887EAB528E1EFD30F987FD23F9D7" box="[736,784,1611,1635]" pageId="2" pageNumber="412">type</typeStatus>
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locality in Mergui Archipelago, Andaman Sea.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3016557AB528E1EFF17F9A2FC00F85B" pageId="2" pageNumber="412" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BA436DCAB528E1EFF17F9A2FC00F85B" blockId="2.[151,1437,1610,2031]" pageId="2" pageNumber="412">
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<emphasis id="B96FEACEAB528E1EFF17F9A2FF72F933" bold="true" box="[199,321,1646,1671]" pageId="2" pageNumber="412">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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A cylindrical, slightly ‘U’-shaped subspecies of
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<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D5FAB528E1EFCB8F9A3FDF5F933" authorityName="Cherbonnier" authorityYear="1988" box="[872,966,1646,1671]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Sclerodactylidae" genus="Havelockia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="412" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ferali">
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<emphasis id="B96FEACEAB528E1EFCB8F9A3FDF5F933" box="[872,966,1646,1671]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="412">H. ferali</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, up to
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<quantity id="4CE39B39AB528E1EFBC5F9A3FA56F932" box="[1045,1125,1647,1671]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="412" unit="mm" value="22.0">22 mm</quantity>
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in length; colour in alcohol yellowish to off-white. Tube feet small, non-retractile. Anal teeth absent, anal papillae sometimes evident. Tentacles 10, in 8 + 2 arrangement. Radial and interradial plates of calcareous ring unfragmented, broadly joined; posterior processes of radial plates fragmented, of approximately same length as radial plates; most radial plates slightly prolonged before bifurcation. Polian vesicle single; stone canal short, suspended in dorsal mesentery; madreporite ‘bean’-shaped. Ossicles of body wall comprise only tables, with irregular, elongated or quadrangular or circular disc, 57–97 µm, perforated by numerous holes. Spire of two pillars, sometimes arched, sometimes terminally bifurcate, with few teeth, sometimes reduced to knobs on surface of disc, crowns non-perforate. Supporting tables of tube feet with curved disc and spire ending in couple of teeth; end-plates present. Introvert with tables with disc smaller than that of body wall tables, 47–73 µm; spire ending in few to many teeth. Tentacle deposits as open rosettes, 15–43 µm.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="DF646654AB538E1FFF47FCA8FD3CFC03" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1119199/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="413" targetBox="[152,1424,182,834]" targetPageId="3">
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<paragraph id="8BA436DCAB538E1FFF47FCA8FD3CFC03" blockId="3.[151,1436,868,951]" pageId="3" pageNumber="413">
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<emphasis id="B96FEACEAB538E1FFF47FCA8FF27FCCE" bold="true" box="[151,276,868,890]" pageId="3" pageNumber="413">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D5FAB538E1FFECCFCA8FC54FCCE" authority="Thandar, 2017" authorityName="Thandar" authorityYear="2017" box="[284,615,868,890]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Sclerodactylidae" genus="Havelockia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="413" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subSpecies" species="ferali" status="subsp. nov." subSpecies="andamanensis">
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<emphasis id="B96FEACEAB538E1FFECCFCA8FC54FCCE" box="[284,615,868,890]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="413">Havelockia ferali andamanensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25C57B5AB538E1FFDBFFCA9FCF8FCCE" box="[623,715,868,890]" pageId="3" pageNumber="413" rank="subSpecies">n. subsp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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A. Specimens entire (a: holotype, NHMUK 1886.2.2.21; b: paratype, NHMUK 1986.2.2.22-24); B. Tentacle ossicles; C. Anal ossicles; D. Introvert ossicles; E. Body wall tables; F. Tube feet tables; G. Part of calcareous ring (dorsal). (B–F drawn to same scale).
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||
</paragraph>
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</caption>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3016557AB538E1FFF17FC2FFA00FBDC" pageId="3" pageNumber="413" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="8BA436DCAB538E1FFF17FC2FFD57FBF7" blockId="3.[151,1436,995,1272]" pageId="3" pageNumber="413">
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<emphasis id="B96FEACEAB538E1FFF17FC2FFF08FC48" bold="true" box="[199,315,995,1020]" pageId="3" pageNumber="413">
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<typeStatus id="54A0887EAB538E1FFF17FC2FFF05FC48" box="[199,310,995,1020]" pageId="3" pageNumber="413" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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<collectionCode id="ED0AAE19AB538E1FFE93FC28FF9EFC4F" box="[323,429,996,1019]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="3" pageNumber="413">NHMUK</collectionCode>
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1886.2.2.21, “Palour Bay, Margui” (locality not clearly legible on label but according to the accession record supplied by the curator at
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<collectionCode id="ED0AAE19AB538E1FFD11FBC4FD1DFBAB" box="[705,814,1032,1055]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="3" pageNumber="413">NHMUK</collectionCode>
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, it should read Palaw Bay, Mergui,
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<collectingCountry id="F30C764CAB538E1FFB06FBC4FB76FB94" box="[1238,1349,1032,1056]" name="Myanmar" pageId="3" pageNumber="413">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
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, on the Andaman Sea); received by
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<collectionCode id="ED0AAE19AB538E1FFE04FBE0FC0DFBF7" box="[468,574,1068,1091]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="3" pageNumber="413">NHMUK</collectionCode>
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from the Indian Museum.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA436DCAB538E1FFF17FB83FA00FBDC" blockId="3.[151,1436,995,1272]" box="[199,1075,1103,1128]" pageId="3" pageNumber="413">
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<materialsCitation id="3B733C81AB538E1FFF17FB83FA00FBDC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1795862888" box="[199,1075,1103,1128]" collectionCode="NHMUK" pageId="3" pageNumber="413" specimenCount="6" typeStatus="paratype">
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<emphasis id="B96FEACEAB538E1FFF17FB83FF75FBDC" bold="true" box="[199,326,1103,1128]" pageId="3" pageNumber="413">
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<typeStatus id="54A0887EAB538E1FFF17FB83FF72FBDC" box="[199,321,1103,1128]" pageId="3" pageNumber="413" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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<collectionCode id="ED0AAE19AB538E1FFE9CFB9CFF85FBD3" box="[332,438,1104,1127]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="3" pageNumber="413">NHMUK</collectionCode>
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1886.2.2.22-24, other data as for holotype,
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<specimenCount id="9D1DFD55AB538E1FFC72FB83FA1CFBDC" box="[930,1071,1103,1128]" pageId="3" pageNumber="413" type="generic">6 specimens</specimenCount>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3016557AB538E1FFF17FBBFFA74FB4C" pageId="3" pageNumber="413" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BA436DCAB538E1FFF17FBBFFA74FB4C" blockId="3.[151,1436,995,1272]" pageId="3" pageNumber="413">
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<emphasis id="B96FEACEAB538E1FFF17FBBFFF6AFB38" bold="true" box="[199,345,1139,1164]" pageId="3" pageNumber="413">Description.</emphasis>
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All specimens cylindrical, slightly ‘U’-shaped, colour in alcohol yellowish to off-white. Largest specimen (
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<typeStatus id="54A0887EAB538E1FFEC0FB5BFF46FB04" box="[272,373,1175,1200]" pageId="3" pageNumber="413" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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)
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<quantity id="4CE39B39AB538E1FFE55FB54FFE6FB1B" box="[389,469,1176,1200]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="413" unit="mm" value="22.0">22 mm</quantity>
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in length,
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<quantity id="4CE39B39AB538E1FFD9FFB5BFCA2FB1B" box="[591,657,1175,1200]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="413" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
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in breadth in mid-body (
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<figureCitation id="13202A59AB538E1FFC7DFB5BFA39FB04" box="[941,1034,1175,1200]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,868,890]" captionTargetBox="[152,1424,182,834]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,181,843]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Havelockia ferali andamanensis n. subsp. A. Specimens entire (a: holotype, NHMUK 1886.2.2.21; b: paratype, NHMUK1986.2.2.22-24); B. Tentacle ossicles; C. Anal ossicles; D.Introvert ossicles;E.Body wall tables; F. Tube feet tables; G. Part of calcareous ring (dorsal). (B–F drawn to same scale)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1119199/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="413">Figure 1</figureCitation>
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Aa). Smallest specimen contracted,
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||
<quantity id="4CE39B39AB538E1FFF47FB70FED4FB67" box="[151,231,1212,1236]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="413" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
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in length and
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||
<quantity id="4CE39B39AB538E1FFE5BFB70FFFFFB67" box="[395,460,1212,1235]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="413" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
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||
in breadth. Calcareous ring and tentacles lost except in
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||
<typeStatus id="54A0887EAB538E1FFB98FB77FA99FB60" box="[1096,1194,1211,1236]" pageId="3" pageNumber="413" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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and in all but one
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||
<quantity id="4CE39B39AB538E1FFA50FB70FEF0FB43" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="413" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
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||
<typeStatus id="54A0887EAB538E1FFF19FB2CFF1AFB4C" box="[201,297,1248,1272]" pageId="3" pageNumber="413" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
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(NHMUK 1886.2.2.22), where it is extruded but still attached to body.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3016557AB538E18FF47FAEBFDCAFED1" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="414" pageId="3" pageNumber="413" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA436DCAB538E1FFF47FAEBFFA5FAF4" blockId="3.[151,1437,1319,2028]" box="[151,406,1319,1344]" pageId="3" pageNumber="413">
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||
<emphasis id="B96FEACEAB538E1FFF47FAEBFECDFAF4" box="[151,254,1319,1344]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="413">Holotype</emphasis>
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||
(
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||
<figureCitation id="13202A59AB538E1FFEDCFAEBFF54FAF4" box="[268,359,1319,1344]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,868,890]" captionTargetBox="[152,1424,182,834]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,181,843]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Havelockia ferali andamanensis n. subsp. A. Specimens entire (a: holotype, NHMUK 1886.2.2.21; b: paratype, NHMUK1986.2.2.22-24); B. Tentacle ossicles; C. Anal ossicles; D.Introvert ossicles;E.Body wall tables; F. Tube feet tables; G. Part of calcareous ring (dorsal). (B–F drawn to same scale)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1119199/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="413">Figure 1</figureCitation>
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Aa)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA436DCAB538E1FFF47FA87FF7DFA64" blockId="3.[151,1437,1319,2028]" pageId="3" pageNumber="413">
|
||
Length
|
||
<quantity id="4CE39B39AB538E1FFF24FA80FF7DFAD7" box="[244,334,1356,1380]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="413" unit="mm" value="22.0">22 mm</quantity>
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. Tube feet small, non-retractile, scattered, some serial arrangement visible, more numerous ventrally. Suckers more or less of equal diameter as tube feet. Anal teeth absent, anal papillae sometimes evident. Tentacles 10, well branched, whitish, in 8 + 2 arrangement, longest
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||
<quantity id="4CE39B39AB538E1FFC58FA5FFDF8FA1F" box="[904,971,1427,1452]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="413" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
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||
, mid-ventral two approximately one third length of others.
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA436DCAB538E1FFF17FA17FD3CF88C" blockId="3.[151,1437,1319,2028]" pageId="3" pageNumber="413">
|
||
Calcareous ring complex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13202A59AB538E1FFDD5FA17FCB0FA40" box="[517,643,1499,1524]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,868,890]" captionTargetBox="[152,1424,182,834]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,181,843]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Havelockia ferali andamanensis n. subsp. A. Specimens entire (a: holotype, NHMUK 1886.2.2.21; b: paratype, NHMUK1986.2.2.22-24); B. Tentacle ossicles; C. Anal ossicles; D.Introvert ossicles;E.Body wall tables; F. Tube feet tables; G. Part of calcareous ring (dorsal). (B–F drawn to same scale)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1119199/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="413">Figure 1G</figureCitation>
|
||
), radial and interradial plates not fused but broadly joined by a membrane; radial plates anteriorly bifurcate, some slightly prolonged posteriorly before bifurcation into paired processes of approximately same length as radial plates; interradial plates anteriorly pointed, posteriorly slightly concave. All plates intact, non-fragmented but radial processes broken up into a series of fragments. Polian vesicle single, slightly elongated; stone canal short, mid-dorsal, attached in dorsal mesentery; madreporic body ‘bean’- shaped. Respiratory trees short, well branched, very transparent, left slightly longer than right, but not reaching end of calcareous ring. Gonad in two tufts of short ‘banana’-shaped tubules, apparently immature or spent in
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A0887EAB538E1FFAEAF97FFBAFF978" box="[1338,1436,1715,1740]" pageId="3" pageNumber="413" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(and all dissected specimens). Longitudinal muscles thin, thread-like. Retractor muscles thicker, more so anteriorly where they insert on the anterior tips of the radial plates, ventral retractors originating more posteriorly at approximately one third body length from posterior end.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA436DCAB538E18FF17F88FFDCAFED1" blockId="3.[151,1437,1319,2028]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,151,1221]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="414" pageId="3" pageNumber="413">
|
||
Ossicles of body wall comprise tables only (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13202A59AB538E1FFD3EF88FFD5AF8E8" box="[750,873,1859,1884]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,868,890]" captionTargetBox="[152,1424,182,834]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,181,843]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Havelockia ferali andamanensis n. subsp. A. Specimens entire (a: holotype, NHMUK 1886.2.2.21; b: paratype, NHMUK1986.2.2.22-24); B. Tentacle ossicles; C. Anal ossicles; D.Introvert ossicles;E.Body wall tables; F. Tube feet tables; G. Part of calcareous ring (dorsal). (B–F drawn to same scale)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1119199/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="413">Figure 1E</figureCitation>
|
||
), with variously-shaped disc, either elongated, quadrangular or circular, perforated by numerous holes, rarely any difference between the four central holes and others. Margin of disc smooth; spire of two pillars of moderate height, sometimes arched, sometimes terminally bifurcate, with few teeth, often reduced to knobs on surface of disc; disc size 57–97 µm (mean 77 µm). Supporting tables of tube feet (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13202A59AB538E1FFE51F81FFFC7F858" box="[385,500,2003,2028]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,868,890]" captionTargetBox="[152,1424,182,834]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,181,843]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Havelockia ferali andamanensis n. subsp. A. Specimens entire (a: holotype, NHMUK 1886.2.2.21; b: paratype, NHMUK1986.2.2.22-24); B. Tentacle ossicles; C. Anal ossicles; D.Introvert ossicles;E.Body wall tables; F. Tube feet tables; G. Part of calcareous ring (dorsal). (B–F drawn to same scale)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1119199/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="413">Figure 1F</figureCitation>
|
||
) with curved disc and two-pillared spire ending in couple of teeth, spire often triangular; disc perforated by a few central holes and one or two terminal holes; end-plates present, with no regular arrangement of holes except in some plates in which medial holes are smaller. Disc of anal tables 53–87 µm (mean 65 µm) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13202A59AB548E18FF2AFF13FF43FF4C" box="[250,368,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,868,890]" captionTargetBox="[152,1424,182,834]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,181,843]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Havelockia ferali andamanensis n. subsp. A. Specimens entire (a: holotype, NHMUK 1886.2.2.21; b: paratype, NHMUK1986.2.2.22-24); B. Tentacle ossicles; C. Anal ossicles; D.Introvert ossicles;E.Body wall tables; F. Tube feet tables; G. Part of calcareous ring (dorsal). (B–F drawn to same scale)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1119199/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="414">Figure 1C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Introvert deposits comprise only tables (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13202A59AB548E18FC80FF13FDF6FF4C" box="[848,965,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,868,890]" captionTargetBox="[152,1424,182,834]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,181,843]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Havelockia ferali andamanensis n. subsp. A. Specimens entire (a: holotype, NHMUK 1886.2.2.21; b: paratype, NHMUK1986.2.2.22-24); B. Tentacle ossicles; C. Anal ossicles; D.Introvert ossicles;E.Body wall tables; F. Tube feet tables; G. Part of calcareous ring (dorsal). (B–F drawn to same scale)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1119199/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="414">Figure 1D</figureCitation>
|
||
) with disc smaller than that of body wall tables, 47–73 µm (mean 64 µm), spire two-pillared, ending in few to numerous teeth, top of spire sometimes perforated. Tentacle deposits comprise only open rosettes of a variety of form (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13202A59AB548E18FBF9FEEBFAADFEF4" box="[1065,1182,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,868,890]" captionTargetBox="[152,1424,182,834]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,181,843]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Havelockia ferali andamanensis n. subsp. A. Specimens entire (a: holotype, NHMUK 1886.2.2.21; b: paratype, NHMUK1986.2.2.22-24); B. Tentacle ossicles; C. Anal ossicles; D.Introvert ossicles;E.Body wall tables; F. Tube feet tables; G. Part of calcareous ring (dorsal). (B–F drawn to same scale)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1119199/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="414">Figure 1B</figureCitation>
|
||
), 15–43 µm in length (mean 29 µm), mostly concentrated in the stalk, few and scattered elsewhere.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3016557AB548E18FF17FEA3FA62FB70" pageId="4" pageNumber="414" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA436DCAB548E18FF17FEA3FA62FB70" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1221]" pageId="4" pageNumber="414">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEACEAB548E18FF17FEA3FF08FE3C" bold="true" box="[199,315,367,392]" pageId="4" pageNumber="414">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
In colour, size and form of the ossicles, the current specimens come very close to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D5FAB548E18FAE7FEBDFF43FE18" authority="Cherbonnier, 1988" authorityName="Cherbonnier" authorityYear="1988" class="Holothuroidea" family="Sclerodactylidae" genus="Havelockia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="4" pageNumber="414" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ferali">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEACEAB548E18FAE7FEBDFBA8FE3C" box="[1335,1435,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="414">H. ferali</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B2DAB548E18FF47FE58FF43FE18" author="Cherbonnier" box="[151,368,404,429]" pageId="4" pageNumber="414" refString="Cherbonnier, G. (1988) Echinodermes: Holothurides. Publiee sous les auspices du Gouvernement de la Republique Malgache, ORSTOM, Paris, 292 pp. [Faune de Madagascar 70]" type="book" year="1988">Cherbonnier, 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
described from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30C764CAB548E18FD92FE58FCFAFE19" box="[578,713,404,429]" name="Madagascar" pageId="4" pageNumber="414">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
but I am inclined to consider the Palaw Bay material as representing a new subspecies. Cherbonnier’s
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A0887EAB548E18FD4CFE7BFCCDFE64" box="[668,766,439,464]" pageId="4" pageNumber="414" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D5FAB548E18FCF3FE75FDB2FE64" authorityName="Cherbonnier" authorityYear="1988" box="[803,897,439,464]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Sclerodactylidae" genus="Havelockia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="4" pageNumber="414" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ferali">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEACEAB548E18FCF3FE75FDB2FE64" box="[803,897,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="414">H. ferali</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
came from Tuléar, and his
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A0887EAB548E18FB62FE74FB2DFE64" box="[1202,1310,440,464]" pageId="4" pageNumber="414" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
from Nosy Bay. Cherbonnier states that his description is valid for the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A0887EAB548E18FCEAFE10FDAFFE41" box="[826,924,476,501]" pageId="4" pageNumber="414" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
only. There are slight variations between the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30C764CAB548E18FF47FE33FF2DFDAC" box="[151,286,511,536]" name="Madagascar" pageId="4" pageNumber="414">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
and the current Palaw Bay material. These variations are here described as it is suspected that they may reflect geographic rather than specific differences. Cherbonnier describes the tube feet as being long with some radial seriation. In the Palaw Bay material the tube feet are short and appear to be mostly scattered. The calcareous ring described by Cherbonnier, while definitely of the sclerodactylid
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A0887EAB548E18FBE4FDA1FA54FD31" box="[1076,1127,621,645]" pageId="4" pageNumber="414">type</typeStatus>
|
||
, shows the radial plates as being enlarged before bifurcation and the posterior processes arise at the level of the posterior end of the interradial plates. In the two Palaw Bay specimens in which the calcareous ring is present, one (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A0887EAB548E18FB11FD78FB10FD78" box="[1217,1315,692,716]" pageId="4" pageNumber="414" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
NHMUK 1886.2.2.22) does show some fragmentation of the plates but both in this specimen and the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A0887EAB548E18FB62FD1BFB24FD44" box="[1202,1303,727,752]" pageId="4" pageNumber="414" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, there is no enlargement of the radial plates before bifurcation. The writer examined some extant
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A0887EAB548E18FBA9FD31FA9AFCA1" box="[1145,1193,765,789]" pageId="4" pageNumber="414">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D5FAB548E18FAEAFD31FBA8FCA1" authorityName="Cherbonnier" authorityYear="1988" box="[1338,1435,764,789]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Sclerodactylidae" genus="Havelockia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="4" pageNumber="414" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ferali">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEACEAB548E18FAEAFD31FBA8FCA1" box="[1338,1435,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="414">H. ferali</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(EcHh 7077, 7076 and 3591) at the MNHN and found that in
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A0887EAB548E18FC58FCECFDDBFC8C" box="[904,1000,800,824]" pageId="4" pageNumber="414" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
7077, the calcareous ring is slightly fragmented, the interradial plates are in a single series and the radial plates into two series, but there was no convincing evidence that this was due to preservation. In specimen numbered 7076, the originally dissected one, also shows a similar calcareous ring and in specimen 3591, the interradials have incipient subdivisions and the radials are deeply cleft with a double series of plates. The body wall and introvert ossicles of the extant
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A0887EAB548E18FABCFC7CFBAFFC7C" box="[1388,1436,944,968]" pageId="4" pageNumber="414">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material are identical to those illustrated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B2DAB548E18FD4AFC18FD4CFC58" author="Cherbonnier" box="[666,895,980,1005]" pageId="4" pageNumber="414" refString="Cherbonnier, G. (1988) Echinodermes: Holothurides. Publiee sous les auspices du Gouvernement de la Republique Malgache, ORSTOM, Paris, 292 pp. [Faune de Madagascar 70]" type="book" year="1988">Cherbonnier (1988)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Although fragmentation is present in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A0887EAB548E18FABCFC19FBAFFC59" box="[1388,1436,981,1005]" pageId="4" pageNumber="414">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material as well as in one of the current specimens, the ring of both subspecies (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D5FAB548E18FB81FC35FAC9FBA4" authority="ferali" authorityName="ferali Cherbonnier" authorityYear="1988" box="[1105,1274,1015,1040]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Sclerodactylidae" genus="Havelockia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="4" pageNumber="414" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subSpecies" species="ferali" subSpecies="ferali">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEACEAB548E18FB81FC35FAC9FBA4" box="[1105,1274,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="414">H. ferali ferali</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D5FAB548E18FAE9FC35FF28FB81" class="Holothuroidea" family="Sclerodactylidae" genus="Havelockia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="4" pageNumber="414" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subSpecies" species="ferali" subSpecies="andamensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEACEAB548E18FAE9FC35FF28FB81" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="414">H. ferali andamensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) appears clearly of the sclerodactylid
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A0887EAB548E18FD1DFBD1FCCEFB81" box="[717,765,1053,1077]" pageId="4" pageNumber="414">type</typeStatus>
|
||
. The ossicles of the current material are similar to those of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A0887EAB548E18FF10FB8CFEC3FBEC" box="[192,240,1088,1112]" pageId="4" pageNumber="414">type</typeStatus>
|
||
illustrated by Cherbonnier except that the spire tops are not as dentate and those of the anal region are not perforated. Hence a comparative study of both the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30C764CAB548E18FD02FBA8FD6AFBC9" box="[722,857,1124,1149]" name="Madagascar" pageId="4" pageNumber="414">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
and the Palaw Bay material indicates that there are some differences which are here regarded as geographic variations in distantly separated populations. It is for this reason that the Palaw Bay material is here described as a new subspecies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D5FAB548E18FC3BFB61FA7AFB71" authorityName="Cherbonnier" authorityYear="1988" box="[1003,1097,1196,1221]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Sclerodactylidae" genus="Havelockia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="4" pageNumber="414" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ferali">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEACEAB548E18FC3BFB61FA7AFB71" box="[1003,1097,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="414">H. ferali</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3016557AB548E18FF47FADBFC1EFACC" pageId="4" pageNumber="414" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA436DCAB548E18FF47FADBFC29FA84" blockId="4.[151,538,1303,1328]" box="[151,538,1303,1328]" pageId="4" pageNumber="414">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEACEAB548E18FF47FADBFED8FA84" bold="true" box="[151,235,1303,1328]" pageId="4" pageNumber="414">Family</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D5FAB548E18FF22FADBFC29FA84" ID-CoL="d0844fef-47d6-413b-a730-1d3eaac60586" authority="Panning, 1949" authorityName="Panning" authorityYear="1949" box="[242,538,1303,1328]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Thyonidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="4" pageNumber="414" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEACEAB548E18FF22FADBFF42FA84" bold="true" box="[242,369,1303,1328]" pageId="4" pageNumber="414">Thyonidae</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B2DAB548E18FEA8FADBFC29FA84" author="Panning" box="[376,538,1303,1328]" pageId="4" pageNumber="414" refString="Panning, A. (1949) Versuch einer Neuordnung der Familie Cucumariidae (Holothurioidea, Dendrochirota). Zoologische Jahrbucher (Abteilung fur Systematik, Okologie und Geographie der Tiere), 78 (4), 404 - 470." type="journal article" year="1949">Panning, 1949</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA436DCAB548E18FF47FA93FC1EFACC" blockId="4.[151,557,1375,1400]" box="[151,557,1375,1400]" pageId="4" pageNumber="414">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEACEAB548E18FF47FA93FF83FACC" bold="true" box="[151,432,1375,1400]" pageId="4" pageNumber="414">Subfamily Thyonininae</emphasis>
|
||
n. subfam.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3016557AB548E18FF47FA6BFD33FA51" pageId="4" pageNumber="414" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA436DCAB548E18FF47FA6BFD33FA51" blockId="4.[151,1436,1447,1689]" pageId="4" pageNumber="414">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEACEAB548E18FF47FA6BFF22FA74" bold="true" box="[151,273,1447,1472]" pageId="4" pageNumber="414">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
A subfamily of the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D5FAB548E18FD9DFA6BFCF6FA74" authorityName="Panning" authorityYear="1949" box="[589,709,1447,1472]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Thyonidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="4" pageNumber="414" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Thyonidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
with body wall ossicles comprising mostly slender curved rods perforated by usually a single or few holes at each end.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3016557AB548E18FF17FA23FA12F998" pageId="4" pageNumber="414" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA436DCAB548E18FF17FA23FD0DF9BC" blockId="4.[151,1436,1447,1689]" box="[199,830,1519,1544]" pageId="4" pageNumber="414">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEACEAB548E18FF17FA23FF67F9BC" bold="true" box="[199,340,1519,1544]" pageId="4" pageNumber="414">Type genus.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D5FAB548E18FE8BFA23FC5DF9BC" authority="Thandar, 1990" authorityName="Thandar" authorityYear="1990" box="[347,622,1519,1544]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Thyonina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="4" pageNumber="414" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEACEAB548E18FE8BFA23FFF6F9BC" box="[347,453,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="414">Thyonina</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B2DAB548E18FE1CFA23FC5DF9BC" author="Thandar" box="[460,622,1519,1544]" pageId="4" pageNumber="414" refString="Thandar, A. S. (1990) The phyllophorid holothurians of southern Africa with the erection of a new genus. South African Journal of Zoology, 25 (4), 207 - 223. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 02541858.1990.11448215" type="journal article" year="1990">Thandar, 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(here designated).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA436DCAB548E18FF17F9D8FA12F998" blockId="4.[151,1436,1447,1689]" box="[199,1057,1556,1581]" pageId="4" pageNumber="414">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEACEAB548E18FF17F9D8FF51F999" bold="true" box="[199,354,1556,1581]" pageId="4" pageNumber="414">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A0887EAB548E18FF17F9D8FF31F999" box="[199,258,1556,1581]" pageId="4" pageNumber="414">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
species.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D5FAB548E18FEB9F9D8FCF1F998" authority="Vaney, 1908" authorityName="Vaney" authorityYear="1908" box="[361,706,1556,1581]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Thyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="4" pageNumber="414" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="articulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEACEAB548E18FEB9F9D8FC03F999" box="[361,560,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="414">Thyone articulata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B2DAB548E18FDE8F9D9FCF1F998" author="Vaney" box="[568,706,1556,1581]" pageId="4" pageNumber="414" refString="Vaney, C. (1908) Les Holothuries recueillies par l'Expedition antarctique ecossaise. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 33 (10), 290 - 299." type="journal article" year="1908">Vaney, 1908</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(designated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B2DAB548E18FCA4F9D8FA26F998" author="Thandar" box="[884,1045,1556,1581]" pageId="4" pageNumber="414" refString="Thandar, A. S. (1990) The phyllophorid holothurians of southern Africa with the erection of a new genus. South African Journal of Zoology, 25 (4), 207 - 223. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 02541858.1990.11448215" type="journal article" year="1990">Thandar 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3016557AB548E18FF17F9FBFAE4F92D" pageId="4" pageNumber="414" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA436DCAB548E18FF17F9FBFAE4F92D" blockId="4.[151,1436,1447,1689]" pageId="4" pageNumber="414">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEACEAB548E18FF17F9FBFF08F9E4" bold="true" box="[199,315,1591,1616]" pageId="4" pageNumber="414">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
This genus was erected by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B2DAB548E18FDA1F9FBFD2CF9E4" author="Thandar" box="[625,799,1591,1616]" pageId="4" pageNumber="414" refString="Thandar, A. S. (1990) The phyllophorid holothurians of southern Africa with the erection of a new genus. South African Journal of Zoology, 25 (4), 207 - 223. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 02541858.1990.11448215" type="journal article" year="1990">Thandar (1990)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for the southern African
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D5FAB548E18FBECF9FBFBABF9E4" authority="Vaney, 1908" authorityName="Vaney" authorityYear="1908" box="[1084,1432,1591,1617]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Thyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="4" pageNumber="414" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="articulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEACEAB548E18FBECF9FBFB30F9E4" box="[1084,1283,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="414">Thyone articulata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B2DAB548E18FADBF9F5FBABF9E4" author="Vaney" box="[1291,1432,1592,1617]" pageId="4" pageNumber="414" refString="Vaney, C. (1908) Les Holothuries recueillies par l'Expedition antarctique ecossaise. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 33 (10), 290 - 299." type="journal article" year="1908">Vaney, 1908</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which remained monotypic since then and was thought to be strictly a southern African genus. The two new species described below are now referred to this genus which after all is not monotypic anymore.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |