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<document id="A915DCC3F1581DB0A72C6ED28FFA344F" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.1323.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175­5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5071178" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1625504382456" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Goulet, Henri &amp; Mason, Peter G." docDate="2006" docId="03ACA67B6363654C6004FC961DE1F9BA" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01323p118.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1323 (1)" docSource="https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1323.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:8B0D3ECF822058C8413568C103B59429.6:Zootaxa.2001-2006.monograph" docStyleId="8B0D3ECF822058C8413568C103B59429" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.monograph" docStyleVersion="6" docTitle="Peristenus Foerster 1862" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="32" masterDocId="FF95DE03637C6553610CFFD91967FFE6" masterDocTitle="Review of the Nearctic species of Leiophron and Peristenus (Hymenoptera Braconidae: Euphorinae) parasitizing Lygus (Hemiptera: Miridae: Mirini:)" masterLastPageNumber="118" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="32" updateTime="1698989877144" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="91213B50F99B9D0A8CCF5611A1271396">Review of the Nearctic species of Leiophron and Peristenus (Hymenoptera Braconidae: Euphorinae) parasitizing Lygus (Hemiptera: Miridae: Mirini:)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8AA6099FD38EEFB5C6FDBA1DA6C170C8">Goulet, Henri</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E13AEEA2AE96A339498CD22550E8193F">Mason, Peter G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="603493200BB717167DB7C14DC5015204">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="81993A72AB70C54C538ED9E8A7EF6347">2006</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="E5EE02A5F4EE34CE35ABFE221F654677">2006-09-28</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="7E84B440CB57B81159FE4C96B3466E91">1323</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="BE90D52A30D97073A68EFD184AADB5A8" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.1323.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="BE65D26526B5600B2D070A8ABB96BA14" type="ISSN">1175­5334</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03ACA67B6363654C6004FC961DE1F9BA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5073161" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5073161" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03ACA67B6363654C6004FC961DE1F9BA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03ACA67B6363654C6004FC961DE1F9BA" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<subSubSection id="C31F44E66363654C6004FC96189FFC8F" box="[264,504,847,873]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BBA176D6363654C6004FC96189FFC8F" blockId="31.[264,504,847,873]" box="[264,504,847,873]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<heading id="D0F2A0016363654C6004FC96189FFC8F" bold="true" box="[264,504,847,873]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C056CEE6363654C6004FC96189FFC8F" authority="Foerster" authorityName="Foerster" authorityYear="1862" box="[264,504,847,873]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Peristenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B971CB7F6363654C6004FC96189FFC8F" bold="true" box="[264,504,847,873]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="B971CB7F6363654C6004FC9618E1FC8F" bold="true" box="[264,390,847,873]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Peristenus</emphasis>
Foerster
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31F44E66363654C6004FC401DE1F9BA" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BBA176D6363654C6004FC401B22FBB2" blockId="31.[264,1325,921,1388]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="B971CB7F6363654C6004FC4018EDFC55" bold="true" box="[264,394,921,947]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
Head with medial carina between antennal socket and median ocellus (
<figureCitation id="133E0BE86363654C65F7FC43184EFC3A" captionStart="FIGURES 79–87. 79–80" captionStartId="78.[264,382,1662,1686]" captionTargetBox="[358,1231,329,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-116@78.[358,1231,326,1635]" captionTargetPageId="78" captionText="FIGURES 79–87. 79–80. Frontal view of head (MnEy­Ey = minimum eye distance). 81–82. Lateral view of head (GL = genal length, EyL = eye length, EyH = eye height). 83–84. Dorsal view of head (LOL lateral ocelli length, POL posterior ocelli length, OOL ocellar ocular length, MxHdW = maximum head width, MxGW = maximum genal width). 85. Radial cell and stigma of forewing (RcL = radial cell length, StW = stigma width). 86. Lateral view of seven last flagellomeres (L= length, W = width). 87. Dorsal view of metasomal tergum 1 (L = length, MxW = maximum width, MnW = minimum width)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5071198" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5071198/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Fig. 79</figureCitation>
). Metasomal tergum 2 sharply folded above spiracle, separating tergum into medio­ and laterotergites (the fold caused by break in the cuticle not only by a change in cuticle thickness) (
<figureCitation id="133E0BE86363654C609EFBCB1B62FBCA" box="[402,517,1042,1068]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 1–5" captionStart-1="FIGURES 6–12. 6–9" captionStartId-0="70.[264,382,1793,1817]" captionStartId-1="71.[264,382,1784,1808]" captionTargetBox-0="[313,1273,333,1772]" captionTargetBox-1="[317,1276,326,1763]" captionTargetId-0="figure-39@70.[313,1273,332,1772]" captionTargetId-1="figure-47@71.[316,1276,326,1766]" captionTargetPageId-0="70" captionTargetPageId-1="71" captionText-0="FIGURES 1–5. Habitus with frontal view of head. Codes: “a” clypeal colour; “b” metatibial colour; “c” metacoxal colour; “d” forewing colour; “e” mesoscutal colour." captionText-1="FIGURES 6–12. 6–9. Habitus with frontal view of head. Codes: “a” clypeal colour; “c” metacoxal colour; “f” metafemoral colour; “g” facial colour; “h” genal spot. 10–12. Lateral view of metatibia." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5071180" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5071182" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5071180/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5071182/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Figs. 4–9</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133E0BE86363654C6319FBCB1B02FBCA" box="[533,613,1042,1068]" captionStart="FIGURES 67–78. 67–68" captionStartId="77.[264,382,1790,1814]" captionTargetBox="[313,1273,326,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-57@77.[313,1273,326,1766]" captionTargetPageId="77" captionText="FIGURES 67–78. 67–68. Dorsal view of metasomal tergum 1. 69–70. Ventral view of metasomal segment 1. 71–72. Lateral view of seven last flagellomeres. 73–74. Lateral view of first three flagellomeres. 75–76. Dorsal view of protarsus. 77–78. Lateral view of metasoma." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5071196" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5071196/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">77, 78</figureCitation>
). Hind wing subbasal cell large: vein 1M 0.9–1.7 times as long as vein cu­a (
<figureCitation id="133E0BE86363654C60D3FBE31B50FBB2" box="[479,567,1082,1108]" captionStart="FIGURES 59–66. 59–63" captionStartId="76.[264,382,1790,1814]" captionTargetBox="[313,1273,329,1763]" captionTargetId="figure-36@76.[313,1273,326,1766]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="FIGURES 59–66. 59–63. Radial cell and stigma of forewing. 64. Hind wing. 65–66. Basal and subbasal cells of hind wing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5071194" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5071194/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Fig. 66</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBA176D6363654C6034FBBB1B4EFB12" blockId="31.[264,1325,921,1388]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
The following characters apply to specimens of almost all species. Metasomal tergum 1 with lateral margins meeting ventrally in basal 0.1–0.5 (
<figureCitation id="133E0BE86363654C62B6FB531D73FB42" box="[954,1044,1162,1188]" captionStart="FIGURES 67–78. 67–68" captionStartId="77.[264,382,1790,1814]" captionTargetBox="[313,1273,326,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-57@77.[313,1273,326,1766]" captionTargetPageId="77" captionText="FIGURES 67–78. 67–68. Dorsal view of metasomal tergum 1. 69–70. Ventral view of metasomal segment 1. 71–72. Lateral view of seven last flagellomeres. 73–74. Lateral view of first three flagellomeres. 75–76. Dorsal view of protarsus. 77–78. Lateral view of metasoma." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5071196" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5071196/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Fig. 70</figureCitation>
). Fore wing with radial cell more than 0.5 times maximum width of stigma (
<figureCitation id="133E0BE86363654C628FFB6B1D25FB2A" box="[899,1090,1202,1228]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 50–58. 50–52" captionStart-1="FIGURES 59–66. 59–63" captionStartId-0="75.[264,382,1790,1814]" captionStartId-1="76.[264,382,1790,1814]" captionTargetBox-0="[313,1268,326,1765]" captionTargetBox-1="[313,1273,329,1763]" captionTargetId-0="figure-37@75.[313,1273,326,1766]" captionTargetId-1="figure-36@76.[313,1273,326,1766]" captionTargetPageId-0="75" captionTargetPageId-1="76" captionText-0="FIGURES 50–58. 50–52. Forewing. 53–54. Basal and subbasal cells of forewing. 55–58. Radial cell and stigma of forewing." captionText-1="FIGURES 59–66. 59–63. Radial cell and stigma of forewing. 64. Hind wing. 65–66. Basal and subbasal cells of hind wing." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5071192" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5071194" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5071192/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5071194/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Figs. 52, 57–63</figureCitation>
), and wing densely pubescent (
<figureCitation id="133E0BE86363654C6081FB031B7BFB12" box="[397,540,1242,1268]" captionStart="FIGURES 50–58. 50–52" captionStartId="75.[264,382,1790,1814]" captionTargetBox="[313,1268,326,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-37@75.[313,1273,326,1766]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="FIGURES 50–58. 50–52. Forewing. 53–54. Basal and subbasal cells of forewing. 55–58. Radial cell and stigma of forewing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5071192" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5071192/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Figs. 52, 54</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBA176D6363654C6034FADB18FDFAA2" blockId="31.[264,1325,921,1388]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
The occipital carina development mentioned in
<bibRefCitation id="EF946A9C6363654C628CFADB1D7DFAFA" author="Shaw, S. R." box="[896,1050,1282,1308]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="232 - 254" refId="ref43757" refString="Shaw, S. R. (1997) Subfamily Euphorinae. In: Wharton, R. A., Marsh, P. M., Sharkey, M. J. (Eds.) Manual of the New World genera of the family Braconidae (Hymenoptera) The International Society of Hymenopterists, Washington, DC., pp. 232 - 254." type="book chapter" year="1997">Shaw (1997)</bibRefCitation>
is variable and is not used further.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBA176D6363654C6034FA8B1DEFFA8A" blockId="31.[264,1325,921,1388]" box="[312,1160,1362,1388]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
This is a large worldwide genus. All reared specimens are from
<taxonomicName id="4C056CEE6363654C6528FA8B1DE3FA8A" box="[1060,1156,1362,1388]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Miridae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBA176D6363654C6004FA781DE1F9BA" blockId="31.[264,1323,1441,1628]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="B971CB7F6363654C6004FA781B0DFA5D" bold="true" box="[264,618,1441,1467]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<taxonomicName id="4C056CEE6363654C6004FA781B6AFA5D" authorityName="Loan. Vertical" authorityYear="1973" box="[264,525,1441,1467]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Peristenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="digoneutis">
<emphasis id="B971CB7F6363654C6004FA781B6AFA5D" bold="true" box="[264,525,1441,1467]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Peristenus digoneutis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group.
</emphasis>
Adults show a wide range of colour patterns, but all have the occipital carina widely interrupted dorsally (this character may be hidden in some specimens with the head inclined upward) (
<figureCitation id="133E0BE86363654C6238FA2B1AF4F9EA" box="[820,915,1522,1548]" captionStart="FIGURES 25–36. 25–27" captionStartId="73.[264,382,1785,1809]" captionTargetBox="[316,1271,326,1763]" captionTargetId="figure-60@73.[316,1276,326,1766]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="FIGURES 25–36. 25–27. Dorsal view of head with insert to show sculpture. 28–31. Lateral view of head. 32–33. Posteroir view of head. Code: “a” dorsal end of occipital carina. 34. lateral view of antenna. 35–36. Last five flagellomeres in lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5071186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5071186/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Fig. 32</figureCitation>
). The three included species,
<taxonomicName id="4C056CEE6363654C6419FA2B18E5F9D5" authorityName="Loan. Vertical" authorityYear="1973" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Peristenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="digoneutis">
<emphasis id="B971CB7F6363654C6419FA2B18E5F9D5" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">P. digoneutis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C056CEE6363654C609DF9C31B01F9D2" authority="(Ruthe)" baseAuthorityName="Ruthe" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[401,614,1562,1588]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Peristenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="relictus">
<emphasis id="B971CB7F6363654C609DF9C31B62F9D5" box="[401,517,1562,1587]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">P. relictus</emphasis>
(Ruthe)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C056CEE6363654C6393F9C31AA2F9D2" authority="(Thomson)" authorityName="Loan" authorityYear="1973" baseAuthorityName="Thomson" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[671,965,1562,1588]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Peristenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubricollis">
<emphasis id="B971CB7F6363654C6393F9C31A50F9D5" box="[671,823,1562,1587]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">P. rubricollis</emphasis>
(Thomson)
</taxonomicName>
, were intentionally introduced and established for biological control of
<taxonomicName id="4C056CEE6363654C63EFF99B1A4FF9BD" box="[739,808,1602,1627]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Lygus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B971CB7F6363654C63EFF99B1A4FF9BD" box="[739,808,1602,1627]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Lygus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C056CEE6363654C626DF99B1A9AF9BD" authorityName="Reuter" authorityYear="1896" box="[865,1021,1602,1627]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Adelphocoris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B971CB7F6363654C626DF99B1A9AF9BD" box="[865,1021,1602,1627]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Adelphocoris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
plant bugs.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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