269 lines
32 KiB
XML
269 lines
32 KiB
XML
<document id="3BFDF2DE624AEEEC606C2D424133FF81" ID-CLB-Dataset="134452" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3724.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3fe084ed-d367-4d5a-9ed0-48882760ba96" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5267833" ID-ZooBank="7D05BB2E-4373-4AFB-8DD3-ABE203D3BEC1" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629915050425" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Cock, Matthew J. W. & Congdon, Colin E." docDate="2013" docId="0385994AFF85FFDC9BFDFDD9FE50BAB8" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03724p085.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3724 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3724.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Platylesches galesa Hewitson 1877" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="61" masterDocId="FFBCE132FFBEFFE09B6AFF91FFD5BA40" masterDocTitle="Observations on the Biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera). Part 5. Hesperiinae incertae sedis: Dicotyledon Feeders" masterLastPageNumber="85" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="60" updateTime="1699144858824" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="95D68E795A1DFB04004BDC30EF8AF9AE" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:title id="51F836E08387CA9D61997560E79711EB">Observations on the Biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera). Part 5. Hesperiinae incertae sedis: Dicotyledon Feeders</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="593BAF55B7EBBE45933DA0822D3D2EC8" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="9B0B976495D49A2D36A86C32D6A0FEEC">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="DC7535A1DB10D8970990569728EE8E44">Cock, Matthew J. W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="2C862A7BD618A72204BDB7F828A2835B">C / o CABI Europe - UK, Bakeham Lane, Egham, TW 20 9 TY, UK (e-mail: m. cock @ cabi. org; mjwcock @ btinternet. com)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="A19D830747BC0F1C71C6E852098FFD08" type="email">m.cock@cabi.org</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="54DF1A2E416917678489F77884134A41">Congdon, Colin E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="AECCF87DF28F11FC8F549D57F33B705E">African Butterfly Research Institute (ABRI), P. O. Box 14308, Nairobi, Kenya (e-mail: colin. congdon @ gmail. com)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="5C62A096B5BB93EC01FC9E39390A5739" type="email">colin.congdon@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="03EE78A965C269F0D1F3DFD346A0E756">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="3591F406FAE02248DC44877EA0FAB2FE">
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<mods:date id="F73C0F952213FDDB922EE555AC62A4EC">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="EE46757C85D0EB5184E8C4682FB253E6">2013-10-25</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="17F6E683F4447695C13974A560393AB8" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="709CF58CF21A57A53164E1DB6844F3DC">3724</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="BB5166F526D5555D1FB2B8767C9E67A6">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3724.1.1</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="CA76A857BC5EB1FEB6210E40FE69F19C">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="6B9D76C7C2F7A94EEA98FC98D0B1F1D0" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3724.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="0385994AFF85FFDC9BFDFDD9FE50BAB8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7044088" ID-GBIF-Taxon="199911034" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7044088" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0385994AFF85FFDC9BFDFDD9FE50BAB8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0385994AFF85FFDC9BFDFDD9FE50BAB8" lastPageId="60" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
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<subSubSection id="C3367BD7FF85FFDB9BFDFDD9FD90B822" box="[151,581,584,610]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B93285CFF85FFDB9BFDFDD9FD90B822" blockId="59.[151,581,584,610]" box="[151,581,584,610]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
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<heading id="D0DB9F30FF85FFDB9BFDFDD9FD90B822" bold="true" box="[151,581,584,610]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF85FFDB9BFDFDD9FD90B822" ID-CoL="4JSBV" authority="Hewitson, 1877" authorityName="Hewitson" authorityYear="1877" box="[151,581,584,610]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Platylesches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="galesa">
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<emphasis id="B958F44EFF85FFDB9BFDFDD9FD90B822" bold="true" box="[151,581,584,610]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
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<emphasis id="B958F44EFF85FFDB9BFDFDD9FEABB822" bold="true" box="[151,382,584,610]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Platylesches galesa</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF85FFDB9AECFDD9FD90B822" author="Hewitson" box="[390,581,584,610]" firstAuthor="Hewitson" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="76 - 85" refId="ref43135" refString="Hewitson, W. C. (1877) Descriptions of twenty-five new species of Hesperidae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 19 (4), 76 - 85. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222937708682096" type="journal article" year="1877">Hewitson, 1877</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3367BD7FF85FFDB9BFDFD1FFD76B91B" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8B93285CFF85FFDB9BFDFD1FFD76B91B" blockId="59.[151,1436,654,859]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
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This widespread species was described from West Africa (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF85FFDB9848FD1FFC1AB8E7" author="Hewitson" box="[802,975,654,679]" firstAuthor="Hewitson" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="76 - 85" refId="ref43135" refString="Hewitson, W. C. (1877) Descriptions of twenty-five new species of Hesperidae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 19 (4), 76 - 85. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222937708682096" type="journal article" year="1877">Hewitson 1877</bibRefCitation>
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) and reported from
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<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFF85FFDB9FC5FD1FFA94B8E6" box="[1199,1345,654,679]" name="Sierra Leone" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Sierra Leone</collectingCountry>
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, west to
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<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFF85FFDB9BFDFD23FF29B88B" box="[151,252,690,715]" name="Tanzania" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
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and south to
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<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFF85FFDB9AFFFD23FDD8B88B" box="[405,525,690,715]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFF85FFDB992EFD23FD09B88B" box="[580,732,690,715]" name="Mozambique" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
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. MJWC encountered this species in
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<collectingRegion id="49E8E6BEFF85FFDB9F1FFD22FB11B88A" box="[1141,1220,691,714]" country="Zimbabwe" name="Harare" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Harare</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFF85FFDB9FA5FD23FA9EB88B" box="[1231,1355,690,715]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
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; he did not see adults, but found a caterpillar (90/200) in the Botanical Gardens on a shoot of
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF85FFDB9F3BFD46FAC5B8AF" box="[1105,1296,726,751]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chrysobalanaceae" genus="Parinari" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="curatellifolia">
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<emphasis id="B958F44EFF85FFDB9F3BFD46FAC5B8AF" box="[1105,1296,726,751]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Pa. curatellifolia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation id="131734D9FF85FFDB9E74FD47FA5AB8AF" box="[1310,1423,726,751]" captionStart="FIGURE 65" captionStartId="61.[151,249,1351,1373]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,373,1330]" captionTargetId="figure-199@61.[151,1435,373,1330]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="FIGURE 65. Shoots of Parinari curatellifolia, Botanic Gardens, Harare, Zimbabwe, 27 Jun 1991." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5267972" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5267972/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Figure 65</figureCitation>
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). In TCEC’s experience it is generally a species found in or near forest.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF85FFDB98D4FD6AFB88B953" author="Larsen" box="[958,1117,762,787]" firstAuthor="Larsen" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" refId="ref43862" refString="Larsen, T. B. (1991) The Butterflies of Kenya and their Natural History. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, 490 pp." type="book" year="1991">Larsen (1991)</bibRefCitation>
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lists
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF85FFDB9FF6FD6BFAD8B953" authorityName="Hewitson" authorityYear="1877" box="[1180,1293,762,787]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Platylesches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="galesa">
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<emphasis id="B958F44EFF85FFDB9FF6FD6BFAD8B953" box="[1180,1293,762,787]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Pl. galesa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as a species that might occur in
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<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFF85FFDB9A1DFC8EFE11B977" box="[375,452,799,823]" name="Kenya" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Kenya</collectingCountry>
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. Now that the food plant is known it should not be too difficult to track it down where the food plant occurs, if it is a Kenyan species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3367BD7FF85FFDC9BFDFC1BFE50BAB8" lastPageId="60" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B93285CFF85FFDB9BFDFC1BFECBB9E3" blockId="59.[151,1436,906,1327]" box="[151,286,906,931]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
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<emphasis id="B958F44EFF85FFDB9BFDFC1BFECBB9E3" box="[151,286,906,931]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Food plants</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B93285CFF85FFDB9BFDFC3EFEE7BF6F" blockId="59.[151,1436,906,1327]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF85FFDB9BFDFC3EFE95B987" author="Murray" box="[151,320,942,967]" firstAuthor="Murray" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="219 - 227" refId="ref44540" refString="Murray, D. (1959) The genitalia and food-plants of the South African Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera). Durban Museum Novitates, 5, 219 - 227, plates i - iii." type="journal article" year="1959">Murray (1959)</bibRefCitation>
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states that the food plants in
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<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFF85FFDB99F4FC3FFCE4B987" box="[670,817,942,967]" name="South Africa" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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are
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF85FFDB9802FC3FFBC8B986" box="[872,1053,942,967]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Ehrharta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="erecta">
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<emphasis id="B958F44EFF85FFDB9802FC3FFBC8B986" box="[872,1053,942,967]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Ehrharta erecta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and certain other grasses, but as discussed in the introduction to
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF85FFDB9A96FC43FD5DB9AB" authorityName="Holland" authorityYear="1896" box="[508,648,978,1003]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Platylesches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B958F44EFF85FFDB9A96FC43FD5DB9AB" box="[508,648,978,1003]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Platylesches</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, all records from grasses should be discounted.
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF85FFDB9FC8FC42FA49B9AB" box="[1186,1436,978,1003]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chrysobalanaceae" genus="Parinari" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="curatellifolia">
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<emphasis id="B958F44EFF85FFDB9FC8FC42FA49B9AB" box="[1186,1436,978,1003]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Parinari curatellifolia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is now known to be a food plant of
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF85FFDB9974FC67FD58BE4F" authorityName="Hewitson" authorityYear="1877" box="[542,653,1014,1039]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Platylesches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="galesa">
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<emphasis id="B958F44EFF85FFDB9974FC67FD58BE4F" box="[542,653,1014,1039]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Pl. galesa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, based on our and others’ observations, but probably first observed by Ivan Bampton in the 1980s. The record from a
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF85FFDB99CCFB8AFCFBBE72" box="[678,814,1051,1074]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chrysobalanaceae" genus="Parinari" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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<emphasis id="B958F44EFF85FFDB99CCFB8AFCD3BE72" box="[678,774,1051,1074]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Parinari</emphasis>
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sp.
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</taxonomicName>
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by MJWC (pers. comm. T.B. Larsen
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<quantity id="4CD485B9FF85FFDB9FBEFB8BFAFCBE73" box="[1236,1321,1050,1075]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.06222" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" unit="in" value="1993.0">1993 in</quantity>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF85FFDB9E5AFB8BFF05BE17" author="Woodhall, S. E." journalOrPublisher="Metamorphosis" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="127 - 131" part="5" refId="ref47039" refString="Woodhall, S. E. (1994) Notes on the early stages of three species of Platylesches Holland (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). Metamorphosis, 5, 127 - 131, plate 4." title="Notes on the early stages of three species of Platylesches Holland (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae)" type="journal article" year="1994">Woodhall 1994</bibRefCitation>
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) is actually from
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF85FFDB9AF1FBAEFD89BE17" box="[411,604,1086,1111]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chrysobalanaceae" genus="Parinari" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="curatellifolia">
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<emphasis id="B958F44EFF85FFDB9AF1FBAEFD89BE17" box="[411,604,1086,1111]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Pa. curatellifolia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in
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<collectingRegion id="49E8E6BEFF85FFDB99E8FBAEFD04BE16" box="[642,721,1087,1110]" country="Zimbabwe" name="Harare" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Harare</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFF85FFDB99B7FBAFFC80BE17" box="[733,853,1086,1111]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
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(90/200), and not from
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<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFF85FFDB9F02FBAEFB60BE17" box="[1128,1205,1087,1111]" name="Kenya" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Kenya</collectingCountry>
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. Subsequent authors repeat this food plant (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF85FFDB9AF2FBF3FDA5BE3B" author="Pringle" box="[408,624,1122,1147]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Pringle" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" refId="ref45070" refString="Pringle, E. L. L., Henning, G. A. & Ball, J. B. (Eds.) (1994) Pennington's Butterflies of Southern Africa. Second Edition. Struik Winchester, Cape Town, South Africa, 800 pp." type="book" year="1994">
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Pringle
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<emphasis id="B958F44EFF85FFDB9A99FBF2FDF3BE3B" box="[499,550,1122,1147]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">et al</emphasis>
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. 1994
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF85FFDB9916FBF3FCB7BE3B" author="Henning, G. A. & Henning, S. F." box="[636,866,1122,1147]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="76 - 81" refId="ref42867" refString="Henning, G. A. & Henning, S. F. (1997) Notes on the genus Platylesches Holland (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) with a description of a new species from South Africa. Metamorphosis, 8 (2), 76 - 81." type="journal article" year="1997">
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Henning
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<emphasis id="B958F44EFF85FFDB998FFBF2FCCDBE3B" box="[741,792,1122,1147]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">et al</emphasis>
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. 1997
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF85FFDB9804FBF3FBE2BE3B" author="Heath" box="[878,1079,1122,1147]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Heath" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" refId="ref42672" refString="Heath, A., Newport, M. A. & Hancock, D. (2002) The Butterflies of Zambia. African Butterfly Research Institute and The Lepidopterists' Society of Africa, Nairobi, Kenya, 137 pp. + CD." type="book" year="2002">
|
||
Heath
|
||
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF85FFDB98D0FBF2FC39BE3B" box="[954,1004,1122,1147]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2002
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF85FFDB9F29FBF3FB27BE3B" author="Woodhall, S." bookContentInfo="440 pp." box="[1091,1266,1122,1147]" journalOrPublisher="Struik Nature, Capetown, South Africa" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" refId="ref47013" refString="Woodhall, S. (2005) Field Guide to Butterflies of South Africa. Struik Nature, Capetown, South Africa, 440 pp." title="Field Guide to Butterflies of South Africa" type="book" year="2005">Woodhall 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF85FFDB9F95FBF2FA44BE3B" author="Larsen" box="[1279,1425,1122,1147]" firstAuthor="Larsen" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" refId="ref43974" refString="Larsen, T. B. (2005) Butterflies of West Africa. 2 vols. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, Denmark, 595 pp. & 270 pp." type="book" year="2005">Larsen 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). TCEC has reared
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF85FFDB9A0AFB17FE05BEDF" authorityName="Hewitson" authorityYear="1877" box="[352,464,1158,1183]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Platylesches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="galesa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF85FFDB9A0AFB17FE05BEDF" box="[352,464,1158,1183]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Pl. galesa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF85FFDB997CFB16FD00BEDF" box="[534,725,1158,1183]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chrysobalanaceae" genus="Parinari" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="curatellifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF85FFDB997CFB16FD00BEDF" box="[534,725,1158,1183]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Pa. curatellifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFF85FFDB9990FB17FC9ABEDF" box="[762,847,1158,1183]" name="Malawi" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Malawi</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Mt.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E8E6BEFF85FFDB98FAFB17FC3ABEDF" box="[912,1007,1158,1183]" country="Malawi" name="Mulanje" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Mulanje</collectingRegion>
|
||
) and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFF85FFDB9F47FB17FB47BEDF" box="[1069,1170,1158,1183]" name="Tanzania" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Rondo Plateau, southeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFF85FFDB9B86FB3BFE81BE83" box="[236,340,1194,1219]" name="Tanzania" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
||
; Kihansi Gorge, Udzungwa Mts.) and northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFF85FFDB980DFB3BFC2EBE83" box="[871,1019,1194,1219]" name="Mozambique" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Mt. Jao). The record by TCEC from a tall, woody species of
|
||
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF85FFDB9AD7FB5EFDC3BEA6" box="[445,534,1231,1254]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Parnari</emphasis>
|
||
in the Udzungwa Mountains in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFF85FFDB98F1FB5FFC2ABEA7" box="[923,1023,1230,1255]" name="Tanzania" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
||
(pers. comm. T.B. Larsen
|
||
<quantity id="4CD485B9FF85FFDB9E28FB5FFA49BEA7" box="[1346,1436,1230,1255]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.06222" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" unit="in" value="1993.0">1993 in</quantity>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF85FFDB9BFDFB63FE9CBF4B" author="Woodhall, S. E." box="[151,329,1266,1291]" journalOrPublisher="Metamorphosis" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="127 - 131" part="5" refId="ref47039" refString="Woodhall, S. E. (1994) Notes on the early stages of three species of Platylesches Holland (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). Metamorphosis, 5, 127 - 131, plate 4." title="Notes on the early stages of three species of Platylesches Holland (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae)" type="journal article" year="1994">Woodhall 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) is from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF85FFDB9AA8FB62FD92BF4B" box="[450,583,1266,1291]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chrysobalanaceae" genus="Parinari" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="excelsa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF85FFDB9AA8FB62FD92BF4B" box="[450,583,1266,1291]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Pa. excelsa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and TCEC has also reared
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF85FFDB98CEFB63FBCEBF4B" authorityName="Hewitson" authorityYear="1877" box="[932,1051,1266,1291]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Platylesches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="galesa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF85FFDB98CEFB63FBCEBF4B" box="[932,1051,1266,1291]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Pl. galesa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF85FFDB9F01FB62FB24BF4B" box="[1131,1265,1266,1291]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chrysobalanaceae" genus="Parinari" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="excelsa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF85FFDB9F01FB62FB24BF4B" box="[1131,1265,1266,1291]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Pa. excelsa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at Mt. Mabu,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFF85FFDB9BFDFA87FEFABF6F" box="[151,303,1302,1327]" name="Mozambique" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B93285CFF85FFDB9BFDFACEFF0FBF36" blockId="59.[151,1436,1375,1615]" box="[151,218,1375,1398]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF85FFDB9BFDFACEFF0FBF36" box="[151,218,1375,1398]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Tetraodontidae" genus="Ovum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraodontiformes" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF85FFDB9BFDFACEFF0FBF36" box="[151,218,1375,1398]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Ovum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B93285CFF85FFDB9BFDFA13FDD6BC0E" blockId="59.[151,1436,1375,1615]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||
The ova shown in
|
||
<figureCitation id="131734D9FF85FFDB9A0FFA13FE33BFDB" box="[357,486,1410,1435]" captionStart="FIGURE 66" captionStartId="61.[151,249,1901,1923]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1423,1879]" captionTargetId="figure-203@61.[151,1436,1423,1879]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="FIGURE 66. Ova of Platylesches spp. 1, eclosed ova laid on terminal foliage of a shoot of Parinari curatellifolia, Harare, Zimbabwe, 27 Jun 1991 (91/200—a final instar caterpillar of Pl. galesa was found at the same time, but adults of Pl. moritili were also flying and the ova could have been of either species); 2, ovum of Pl. sp. on Pa. curatellifolia, Mgololo, Mufindi, Tanzania, 2 Feb 1998, TCEC (Pl. galesa and other spp. were present)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5267974" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5267974/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Figure 66.1</figureCitation>
|
||
were laid on the youngest leaves and stems of flush growth of suckers or saplings of about
|
||
<quantity id="4CD485B9FF85FFDB9BB7FA37FED4BFFF" box="[221,257,1446,1471]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="1.0">1m</quantity>
|
||
in the Botanic Gardens,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E8E6BEFF85FFDB994AFA36FDA5BFFE" box="[544,624,1447,1470]" country="Zimbabwe" name="Harare" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Harare</collectingRegion>
|
||
. A final instar caterpillar of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF85FFDB98DFFA37FBF3BFFF" authorityName="Hewitson" authorityYear="1877" box="[949,1062,1446,1471]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Platylesches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="galesa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF85FFDB98DFFA37FBF3BFFF" box="[949,1062,1446,1471]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Pl. galesa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was found at the same time, but adults of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF85FFDB9A6AFA5BFEA9BFA3" authorityName="Wallengren" authorityYear="1857" box="[256,380,1482,1507]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Platylesches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moritili">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF85FFDB9A6AFA5BFEA9BFA3" box="[256,380,1482,1507]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Pl. moritili</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were also flying and the eggs could have been of either species. The living ova (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131734D9FF85FFDB9E65FA5BFA40BFA3" box="[1295,1429,1482,1507]" captionStart="FIGURE 66" captionStartId="61.[151,249,1901,1923]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1423,1879]" captionTargetId="figure-203@61.[151,1436,1423,1879]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="FIGURE 66. Ova of Platylesches spp. 1, eclosed ova laid on terminal foliage of a shoot of Parinari curatellifolia, Harare, Zimbabwe, 27 Jun 1991 (91/200—a final instar caterpillar of Pl. galesa was found at the same time, but adults of Pl. moritili were also flying and the ova could have been of either species); 2, ovum of Pl. sp. on Pa. curatellifolia, Mgololo, Mufindi, Tanzania, 2 Feb 1998, TCEC (Pl. galesa and other spp. were present)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5267974" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5267974/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Figure 66.2</figureCitation>
|
||
) are copper-orange in colour and would blend quite well with the hairs of the same colour on young flush growth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131734D9FF85FFDB9BF4F983FEF2BC6B" box="[158,295,1554,1579]" captionStart="FIGURE 66" captionStartId="61.[151,249,1901,1923]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1423,1879]" captionTargetId="figure-203@61.[151,1436,1423,1879]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="FIGURE 66. Ova of Platylesches spp. 1, eclosed ova laid on terminal foliage of a shoot of Parinari curatellifolia, Harare, Zimbabwe, 27 Jun 1991 (91/200—a final instar caterpillar of Pl. galesa was found at the same time, but adults of Pl. moritili were also flying and the ova could have been of either species); 2, ovum of Pl. sp. on Pa. curatellifolia, Mgololo, Mufindi, Tanzania, 2 Feb 1998, TCEC (Pl. galesa and other spp. were present)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5267974" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5267974/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Figure 66.1</figureCitation>
|
||
). Once the ova eclose, they are white and quite conspicuous in situ as the newly hatched caterpillar leaves most of the shell uneaten.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B93285CFF85FFDB9BFDF9EFFEF2BCD7" blockId="59.[151,1436,1662,1795]" box="[151,295,1662,1687]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF85FFDB9BFDF9EFFEF2BCD7" box="[151,295,1662,1687]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Leaf shelters</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B93285CFF85FFDB9BFDF933FCB6BD42" blockId="59.[151,1436,1662,1795]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||
The mature caterpillar from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E8E6BEFF85FFDB9ABCF932FDF7BCFA" box="[470,546,1699,1722]" country="Zimbabwe" name="Harare" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Harare</collectingRegion>
|
||
had made a shelter by folding a leaf downwards along each side of the mid rib and joining the edges. The caterpillar rested on the midrib (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131734D9FF85FFDB985DF957FC6ABC9F" box="[823,959,1734,1759]" captionStart="FIGURE 67" captionStartId="62.[151,249,667,689]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,189,645]" captionTargetId="figure-461@62.[151,1436,189,645]" captionTargetPageId="62" captionText="FIGURE 67. Final instar caterpillar of Platylesches galesa in shelter on Parinari curatellifolia, Harare, Zimbabwe, 27 Jun 1991, 24mm (91/200). 1, dorsal view; 2, anterolateral view of head." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5267976" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5267976/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Figure 67.1</figureCitation>
|
||
). Feeding was on the apical portion of the leaf and shelter, and in captivity most the leaf shelter was eaten.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B93285CFF85FFDB9BFDF8A3FEC0BD0B" blockId="59.[151,1436,1842,2011]" box="[151,277,1842,1867]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF85FFDB9BFDF8A3FEC0BD0B" box="[151,277,1842,1867]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Caterpillar</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B93285CFF85FFDB9BFDF8C6FDBEBD9B" blockId="59.[151,1436,1842,2011]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||
No detailed description was prepared, but the final instar caterpillar from Harare is shown in
|
||
<figureCitation id="131734D9FF85FFDB9FC2F8C7FAC2BD2F" box="[1192,1303,1878,1903]" captionStart="FIGURE 67" captionStartId="62.[151,249,667,689]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,189,645]" captionTargetId="figure-461@62.[151,1436,189,645]" captionTargetPageId="62" captionText="FIGURE 67. Final instar caterpillar of Platylesches galesa in shelter on Parinari curatellifolia, Harare, Zimbabwe, 27 Jun 1991, 24mm (91/200). 1, dorsal view; 2, anterolateral view of head." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5267976" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5267976/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Figure 67</figureCitation>
|
||
. The colour and markings of the head of the final instar caterpillar are different from that of any other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF85FFDB9FBCF8EBFA49BDD2" box="[1238,1436,1914,1939]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Platylesches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF85FFDB9FBCF8EBFAB7BDD3" box="[1238,1378,1914,1939]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Platylesches</emphasis>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
documented so far. Caterpillars documented by TCEC from the Udzungus and Riondo Plateau,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFF85FFDB9FBAF80FFAEDBDF7" box="[1232,1336,1950,1975]" name="Tanzania" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and Mt. Mabu,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFF85FFDB9B8CF853FEA8BD9B" box="[230,381,1986,2011]" name="Mozambique" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
|
||
, are almost identical.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B93285CFF82FFDC9BFDFF08FF07BAF0" blockId="60.[151,1436,153,248]" box="[151,210,153,176]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF82FFDC9BFDFF08FF07BAF0" box="[151,210,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Pupa</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B93285CFF82FFDC9BFDFF2DFE50BAB8" blockId="60.[151,1436,153,248]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
The caterpillar from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E8E6BEFF82FFDC9AE9FF2DFE1ABA93" box="[387,463,188,211]" country="Zimbabwe" name="Harare" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Harare</collectingRegion>
|
||
pupated between a leaf and the base of rearing container, and rather than disturb it, it was not documented.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |