203 lines
21 KiB
XML
203 lines
21 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="E5051E757318E8D319FACFEA2B2E5CD6">Morphology and Systematics of Kalophrynus interlineatus-pleurostigma Populations (Anura: Microhylidae: Kalophryninae) and a Taxonomy of the Genus Kalophrynus Tschudi, Asian Sticky Frogs</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="050F81D268D8597729BD1BE6B8F643C2">Zug, George R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="5AAF5E1B1D791389BB005928A371088A">2015</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03856357CC71FFD7FFD05CD1FEA965F1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11512400" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11512400" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03856357CC71FFD7FFD05CD1FEA965F1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03856357CC71FFD7FFD05CD1FEA965F1" lastPageNumber="173" pageId="38" pageNumber="173">
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<heading id="D0DB652DCC71FFD7FFD05CD1FB0261EF" box="[123,1166,219,243]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="38" pageNumber="173" reason="4">
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<emphasis id="B9580E53CC71FFD7FFD05CD1FB0261EF" bold="true" box="[123,1166,219,243]" pageId="38" pageNumber="173">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2CA9C2CC71FFD7FFD05CD1FDBD61EF" ID-CoL="6NJT8" authority="Kiew, 1984" authorityName="Kiew" authorityYear="1984" box="[123,561,219,243]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="38" pageNumber="173" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="palmatissimus">
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<emphasis id="B9580E53CC71FFD7FFD05CD1FE2161EF" bold="true" box="[123,429,219,243]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="173">Kalophrynus palmatissimus</emphasis>
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Kiew, 1984
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</taxonomicName>
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Web-footed Sticky Frog
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33681CACC71FFD7FFD05D09FBE36024" pageId="38" pageNumber="173" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B93D241CC71FFD7FFD05D09FBE36024" blockId="38.[123,1173,259,313]" pageId="38" pageNumber="173">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2CA9C2CC71FFD7FFD05D09FD876005" ID-CoL="6NJT8" authority="Kiew, 1984 b" authorityName="Kiew" authorityYear="1984" box="[123,523,259,281]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="38" pageNumber="173" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="palmatissimus">
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<emphasis id="B9580E53CC71FFD7FFD05D09FE0B6004" box="[123,391,259,280]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="173">Kalophrynus palmatissimus</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B44D81CCC71FFD7FE245D09FBE36024" country="Malaysia" elevation="75" location="Pasoh Forest Reserve in Negeri Sembilian" municipality="Malaya" pageId="38" pageNumber="173" specimenCount="1">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBDAFB0CC71FFD7FE245D09FD876005" author="KIEW, B. H." box="[399,523,259,281]" pageId="38" pageNumber="173" pagination="151 - 156" refId="ref37807" refString="KIEW, B. H. 1984 b. A new species of frog (Kalophrynus baluensis n. sp.) from Mount Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia. Malayan Nature Journal 38: 151 - 156." type="journal article" year="1984">Kiew, 1984b</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<emphasis id="B9580E53CC71FFD7FDB35D09FC866004" box="[536,778,259,281]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="173">Malayan Nature Journal</emphasis>
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||
37:146 [
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<typeStatus id="54976CE3CC71FFD7FCC85D09FC006004" box="[867,908,259,280]" pageId="38" pageNumber="173">type</typeStatus>
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locality: “lowland dipterocarp forest at about
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<elevation id="00013572CC71FFD7FEF75D29FE4C6024" box="[348,448,291,313]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="38" pageNumber="173" unit="m" value="75.0">
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||
a.s.l.
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</elevation>
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at the
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<location id="8EF3849ACC71FFD7FDA95D29FC176025" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03856357CC71FFD7FFD05CD1FEA965F1:8EF3849ACC71FFD7FDA95D29FC176025" box="[514,923,291,313]" country="Malaysia" municipality="Malaya" name="Pasoh Forest Reserve in Negeri Sembilian" pageId="38" pageNumber="173">Pasoh Forest Reserve in Negeri Sembilian</location>
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”,
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<collectingCountry id="F33B92D1CC71FFD7FC195D29FB866025" box="[946,1034,291,313]" name="Malaysia" pageId="38" pageNumber="173">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
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(
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BF7483BCC71FFD7FBB25D29FBED6025" box="[1049,1121,291,313]" pageId="38" pageNumber="173">Malaya</collectingMunicipality>
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).
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</materialsCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33681CACC71FFD7FF005D5EFBD162F1" pageId="38" pageNumber="173" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B93D241CC71FFD7FF005D5EFDB860B0" blockId="38.[123,1174,340,1262]" pageId="38" pageNumber="173">
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<materialsCitation id="3B44D81CCC71FFD7FF005D5EFB866070" box="[171,1034,340,364]" collectionCode="TYPE, MATERIAL" location="British Museum of Natural History" pageId="38" pageNumber="173" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<collectionCode id="ED3D4A84CC71FFD7FF005D5EFF686077" box="[171,228,340,364]" pageId="38" pageNumber="173">TYPE</collectionCode>
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<collectionCode id="ED3D4A84CC71FFD7FF5B5D52FED16077" box="[240,349,344,363]" pageId="38" pageNumber="173">MATERIAL</collectionCode>
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.—
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<typeStatus id="54976CE3CC71FFD7FE2F5D5FFE7E6077" box="[388,498,341,364]" pageId="38" pageNumber="173" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
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</smallCapsWord>
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:
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<location id="8EF3849ACC71FFD7FDAE5D5EFC026070" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03856357CC71FFD7FFD05CD1FEA965F1:8EF3849ACC71FFD7FDAE5D5EFC026070" box="[517,910,340,364]" name="British Museum of Natural History" pageId="38" pageNumber="173">British Museum of Natural History</location>
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1982.1508
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||
</materialsCitation>
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.
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<materialsCitation id="3B44D81CCC71FFD7FBB75D5FFE086090" collectionCode="BMNH" pageId="38" pageNumber="173" specimenCode="BMNH 1982" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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<typeStatus id="54976CE3CC71FFD7FBB75D5FFB026077" box="[1052,1166,341,364]" pageId="38" pageNumber="173" type="paratype">PARATYPES</typeStatus>
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</smallCapsWord>
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:
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<specimenCode id="DB8A7A3ACC71FFD7FFD05D7FFE8A6090" box="[123,262,372,396]" collectionCode="BMNH" pageId="38" pageNumber="173">BMNH 1982</specimenCode>
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.1509–1523
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
,
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<materialsCitation id="3B44D81CCC71FFD7FE3A5D7FFDA160B0" collectionCode="FMNH" country="Malaysia" location="University" municipality="All" pageId="38" pageNumber="173" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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||
<collectionCode id="ED3D4A84CC71FFD7FE3A5D7FFE526090" box="[401,478,373,396]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" name="Field Museum of Natural History" pageId="38" pageNumber="173" type="Museum">FMNH</collectionCode>
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||
two unnumbered (now 216461–462),
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||
<location id="8EF3849ACC71FFD7FCDE5D7EFC6A6090" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03856357CC71FFD7FFD05CD1FEA965F1:8EF3849ACC71FFD7FCDE5D7EFC6A6090" box="[885,998,372,396]" country="Malaysia" municipality="All" name="University" pageId="38" pageNumber="173">University</location>
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||
of
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<collectingCountry id="F33B92D1CC71FFD7FBAC5D7EFBE56090" box="[1031,1129,372,396]" name="Malaysia" pageId="38" pageNumber="173">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
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one unnumbered.
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||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF7483BCC71FFD7FEA75D9EFEA260B0" box="[268,302,404,428]" pageId="38" pageNumber="173">All</collectingMunicipality>
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||
by original designation
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B93D241CC71FFD7FF005DBEFB826390" blockId="38.[123,1174,340,1262]" pageId="38" pageNumber="173">
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<emphasis id="B9580E53CC71FFD7FF005DBEFEA560D7" bold="true" box="[171,297,436,460]" pageId="38" pageNumber="173">DEFINITION</emphasis>
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.— Medium-sized, adults 31.2– 38.
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<quantity id="4CD47FA4CC71FFD7FD0A5DBEFD5260D0" box="[673,734,436,460]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="173" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
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<collectionCode id="ED3D4A84CC71FFD7FD4F5DBEFC9A60D0" box="[740,790,436,460]" pageId="38" pageNumber="173">SVL</collectionCode>
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(
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<emphasis id="B9580E53CC71FFD7FC8F5DBFFCBD60D0" box="[804,817,437,460]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="173">n</emphasis>
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= 19, not sexed); head moderately large 29–34 % HeadL/
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||
<collectionCode id="ED3D4A84CC71FFD7FE265DDEFE3360F0" box="[397,447,468,492]" pageId="38" pageNumber="173">SVL</collectionCode>
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||
; head slightly broader than long 102–116 % HeadW/HeadL; snout moderately broad NA % SnW/HeadL; naris closer to snout than to eye NA % NarEye/SnEye; eye moderately large 36–48 % EyeD/HeadL; tympanum visible and smaller than eye 55–70 % Tymp/EyeD; moderate length forelimb 24–28 % Forarm/
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||
<collectionCode id="ED3D4A84CC71FFD7FD705E3FFC816351" box="[731,781,565,589]" pageId="38" pageNumber="173">SVL</collectionCode>
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||
and forearm shorter than crus length 56–66 % Forarm/CrusL; hindlimb moderate NA % HndlL/
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3D4A84CC71FFD7FCAA5E5FFCBF6371" box="[769,819,597,621]" pageId="38" pageNumber="173">SVL</collectionCode>
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||
, crus moderate length 41–46 % CrusL/
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3D4A84CC71FFD7FF6E5E7FFF7B6391" box="[197,247,629,653]" pageId="38" pageNumber="173">SVL</collectionCode>
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||
, and NA % CrusL/ThghL; hindfoot well developed NA % HndfL/CrusL.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8B93D241CC71FFD7FF005E9FFE1963D0" blockId="38.[123,1174,340,1262]" pageId="38" pageNumber="173">Vomerine teeth presence or absence not reported; palatal fold morphology not reported; tongue elongate with rounded tip.</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8B93D241CC71FFD7FF005EDFFD8C6270" blockId="38.[123,1174,340,1262]" pageId="38" pageNumber="173">Fingers without web; lengths 3>2>1=4; tips rounded and not dilated; subarticular tubercles prominent, number beneath each finger not reported; palmar tubercle not reported. Toes strongly although not fully webbed, web between toes 3 and four to tip of 3, toe lengths 4>3>5>2>1; tips rounded; subarticular tubercles prominent on digits 1, 2, 3, 4, none beneath 5; oval inner and small indistinct outer metatarsal tubercles.</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8B93D241CC71FFD7FF005F7FFBD162F1" blockId="38.[123,1174,340,1262]" pageId="38" pageNumber="173">In life, dorsum light brown to reddish brown with darker brown blotch extending from between eyes and extending posteriorly and breaking into patches on trunk; no inguinal ocelli; lores and temporal area to axilla dark brown, trunk side reddish brown; venter yellowish with two faint longitudinal dusky bars on throat and gray mottling on sides and posterior of abdomen.</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33681CACC71FFD7FF005FFFFD726531" pageId="38" pageNumber="173" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B93D241CC71FFD7FF005FFFFD726531" blockId="38.[123,1174,340,1262]" pageId="38" pageNumber="173">
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|
||
<emphasis id="B9580E53CC71FFD7FF005FFFFEB96510" bold="true" box="[171,309,1013,1037]" pageId="38" pageNumber="173">ETYMOLOGY</emphasis>
|
||
</smallCapsWord>
|
||
.— The specific epithet
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2CA9C2CC71FFD7FD9E5FFFFD426511" authorityName="Kiew" authorityYear="1984" box="[565,718,1013,1037]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="38" pageNumber="173" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="palmatissimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9580E53CC71FFD7FD9E5FFFFD426511" box="[565,718,1013,1037]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="173">palmatissimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
refers to the strongly webbed hindfeet, the greatest amount of webbing seen in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2CA9C2CC71FFD7FDC6581FFD7B6531" authorityName="Tschudi" authorityYear="1838" box="[621,759,1045,1069]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="38" pageNumber="173" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9580E53CC71FFD7FDC6581FFD7B6531" box="[621,759,1045,1069]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="173">Kalophrynus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33681CACC71FFD7FF00583FFBEC65B1" pageId="38" pageNumber="173" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B93D241CC71FFD7FF00583FFBB96571" blockId="38.[123,1174,340,1262]" pageId="38" pageNumber="173">
|
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<emphasis id="B9580E53CC71FFD7FF00583FFECF6550" bold="true" box="[171,323,1077,1101]" pageId="38" pageNumber="173">DISTRIBUTION</emphasis>
|
||
</smallCapsWord>
|
||
.— This species is a resident of
|
||
<location id="8EF3849ACC71FFD7FD18583FFC066551" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03856357CC71FFD7FFD05CD1FEA965F1:8EF3849ACC71FFD7FD18583FFC066551" box="[691,906,1077,1101]" country="Malaysia" name="southern Peninsular" pageId="38" pageNumber="173" stateProvince="Selangor">southern Peninsular</location>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33B92D1CC71FFD7FC3E583FFC7B6551" box="[917,1015,1077,1101]" name="Malaysia" pageId="38" pageNumber="173">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and presently know from only three localities in the provinces of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E81CA3CC71FFD7FD0F585FFC8E6571" box="[676,770,1109,1133]" country="Malaysia" name="Selangor" pageId="38" pageNumber="173">Selangor</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E81CA3CC71FFD7FCBB585FFC356571" box="[784,953,1109,1133]" country="Malaysia" name="Negeri Sembilan" pageId="38" pageNumber="173">Negri Sembilan</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E81CA3CC71FFD7FC5F585FFBA26571" box="[1012,1070,1109,1133]" country="Malaysia" name="Johor" pageId="38" pageNumber="173">Johor</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B93D241CC71FFD7FF00587CFBEC65B1" blockId="38.[123,1174,340,1262]" pageId="38" pageNumber="173">
|
||
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|
||
<emphasis id="B9580E53CC71FFD7FF00587CFE9D6590" bold="true" box="[171,273,1142,1166]" pageId="38" pageNumber="173">NATURAL</emphasis>
|
||
</smallCapsWord>
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="8D75449DCC71FFD7FEBC587CFEF46590" baselines="1160,1159" box="[279,376,1142,1166]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="History" pageId="38" pageNumber="173">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9580E53CC71FFD7FEBC587CFEF46590" bold="true" box="[279,376,1142,1166]" pageId="38" pageNumber="173">HISTORY</emphasis>
|
||
</smallCapsWord>
|
||
.—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2CA9C2CC71FFD7FE0B587FFD466591" authorityName="Kiew" authorityYear="1984" box="[416,714,1141,1165]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="38" pageNumber="173" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="palmatissimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9580E53CC71FFD7FE0B587FFD466591" box="[416,714,1141,1165]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="173">Kalophrynus palmatissimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a terrestrial frog of lowland dipterocarp forests. Kiew (1984) provides details on breeding and tadpole development and morphology.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33681CACC71FFD7FF0058BFFEA965F1" pageId="38" pageNumber="173" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B93D241CC71FFD7FF0058BFFEA965F1" blockId="38.[123,1174,340,1262]" pageId="38" pageNumber="173">
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="8D75449DCC71FFD7FF0058BFFEA465D0" baselines="1223,1223" box="[171,296,1205,1229]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Comments" pageId="38" pageNumber="173">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9580E53CC71FFD7FF0058BFFEA465D0" bold="true" box="[171,296,1205,1229]" pageId="38" pageNumber="173">COMMENTS</emphasis>
|
||
</smallCapsWord>
|
||
.— Preceding information extracted from Kiew (1984),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBDAFB0CC71FFD7FC3858BFFBD265D2" author="CHAN, K. O. & L. L. GRISMER & J. GRISMER" box="[915,1118,1205,1230]" pageId="38" pageNumber="173" pagination="60 - 68" refId="ref37116" refString="CHAN, K. O., L. L. GRISMER, AND J. GRISMER. 2011. A new insular endemic frog of the genus Kalophrynus Tschudi, 1838 (Anura: Microhylidae) from Tioman Island, Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia. Zootaxa 3123: 60 - 68." type="journal article" year="2011">Chan et al. (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBDAFB0CC71FFD7FFD058DCFE9265F2" author="DEHLING, J. M." box="[123,286,1238,1262]" pageId="38" pageNumber="173" pagination="49 - 60" refId="ref37239" refString="DEHLING, J. M. 2011. A new karst-dwelling species of Kalophrynus (Anura: Microhylidae) from Gunung Mulu National Park, Borneo, Malaysia. Zootaxa 2737: 49 - 60." type="journal article" year="2011">Dehling (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |