471 lines
45 KiB
XML
471 lines
45 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5668895" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3d206dab-587e-4305-85b2-65d7c6aab528" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124548563" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5668895" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E94496B3-AC04-4FE2-AFA6-8CC7DBE3A63A" checkinTime="1473752108523" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Sara Ruane, Frank T. Burbrink, Bernard Randriamahatantsoa & Christopher J. Raxworthy" docDate="2016" docId="6D6C87DB6D24A165FCC2DD7BA151FB5C" docLanguage="en" docName="ch-15-346.pdf" docOrigin="Copeia 104 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Madagascarophis lolo Ruane, Burbrink, Randriamahatantsoa & Raxworthy, 2016, new species" docType="treatment" docUuid="E94496B3-AC04-4FE2-AFA6-8CC7DBE3A63A" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="10" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="718" masterDocId="9155FFA36D21A162FFF6DB22A012FFAE" masterDocTitle="The Cat-eyed Snakes of Madagascar: Phylogeny and Description of a New Species of Madagascarophis (Serpentes: Lamprophiidae) from the Tsingy of Ankarana" masterLastPageNumber="721" masterPageNumber="712" pageId="5" pageNumber="716" updateTime="1636564892128" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>The Cat-eyed Snakes of Madagascar: Phylogeny and Description of a New Species of Madagascarophis (Serpentes: Lamprophiidae) from the Tsingy of Ankarana</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Sara Ruane</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Frank T. Burbrink</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Bernard Randriamahatantsoa</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Christopher J. Raxworthy</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Copeia</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>104</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>3</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>712</mods:start>
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<mods:end>721</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.1643/Ch-15-346</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">3d206dab-587e-4305-85b2-65d7c6aab528</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">269699</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">7D899252-C0B1-40CE-9332-ACBC7A6BFA2B</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5668895" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124548563" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5668895" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E94496B3-AC04-4FE2-AFA6-8CC7DBE3A63A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6D6C87DB6D24A165FCC2DD7BA151FB5C" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="718" pageId="5" pageNumber="716">
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="716" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="5.[820,1448,1625,1737]" box="[820,1231,1625,1647]" pageId="5" pageNumber="716">
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<heading bold="true" box="[820,1231,1625,1647]" fontSize="9" level="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="716" reason="6">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[820,1231,1625,1647]" pageId="5" pageNumber="716">
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<taxonomicName box="[820,1071,1625,1647]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Madagascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="716" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lolo" status="new species">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[820,1071,1625,1647]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="716">Madagascarophis lolo</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1087,1231,1625,1647]" pageId="5" pageNumber="716" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph blockId="5.[820,1448,1625,1737]" pageId="5" pageNumber="716">
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||
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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||
<accessionNumber box="[1092,1184,1654,1677]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/E94496" pageId="5" pageNumber="716">E94496</accessionNumber>
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B3-AC04-4FE2-AFA6- 8CC7DBE3A63A
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection box="[820,1125,1714,1737]" pageId="5" pageNumber="716" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="5.[820,1448,1625,1737]" box="[820,1125,1714,1737]" pageId="5" pageNumber="716">
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Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5;
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<tableCitation box="[1046,1125,1714,1737]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="4.[142,190,131,150]" captionTargetBox="[142,1529,222,410]" captionText="Table 1. Genetic similarity of Madagascarophis by maximum percent uncorrected pairwise identity between / within species by gene; locus order is COI / Cmos / Rag 2. Note that as M. fuchsi and M. lolo are represented by one individual, there is no maximum pairwise identity available for within species variation." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/B1BA66456D25A166FF78DBA1A122FF65" pageId="5" pageNumber="716" tableUuid="B1BA66456D25A166FF78DBA1A122FF65">Table 1</tableCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="716" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="5.[820,1490,1768,1940]" pageId="5" pageNumber="716">
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1306565802" collectingDate="2014-02-09" collectionCode="AMNH, RAX" collectorName="B. Randriamahatantsoa & C. Raxworthy & S. Ruane" country="Madagascar" elevation="102" latitude="-12.9421" location="Ankarana National Park, ~ 4 km northwest of the village of Mahamasina, tsingy karst trail" longitude="49.11507" municipality="Diana Region" pageId="5" pageNumber="716" specimenCode="AMNH 176422, RAX 12626" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-adult="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Antsiranana Province" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[820,944,1768,1790]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="716">
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<typeStatus box="[820,914,1768,1790]" pageId="5" pageNumber="716">Holotype</typeStatus>
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.—
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</emphasis>
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<specimenCode box="[945,1112,1768,1791]" pageId="5" pageNumber="716">AMNH 176422</specimenCode>
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(
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<specimenCode box="[1127,1258,1768,1791]" pageId="5" pageNumber="716">
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<accessionNumber box="[1127,1258,1768,1791]" httpUri="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RAX12626" pageId="5" pageNumber="716">RAX 12626</accessionNumber>
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</specimenCode>
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),
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<specimenCount box="[1279,1335,1768,1791]" pageId="5" pageNumber="716" type="adult">adult</specimenCount>
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<specimenCount box="[1344,1397,1768,1791]" pageId="5" pageNumber="716" type="male">male</specimenCount>
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(Fig. 1),
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<collectingCountry box="[820,950,1798,1821]" name="Madagascar" pageId="5" pageNumber="716">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingRegion box="[963,1205,1798,1821]" country="Madagascar" name="Antsiranana" pageId="5" pageNumber="716">Antsiranana Province</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality box="[1218,1371,1798,1821]" pageId="5" pageNumber="716">Diana Region</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6D6C87DB6D24A165FCC2DD7BA151FB5C:E01A60166D24A167FA9FDC24A458F8F6" country="Madagascar" latitude="-12.9421" municipality="Diana Region" name="Ankarana National Park, ~ 4 km northwest of the village of Mahamasina, tsingy karst trail" pageId="5" pageNumber="716" stateProvince="Antsiranana Province">
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Ankarana National Park,
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[989,1007,1828,1850]" pageId="5" pageNumber="716">~</emphasis>
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<quantity box="[1007,1065,1828,1851]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="716" unit="km" value="4.0">4 km</quantity>
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northwest of the village of Mahamasina, tsingy karst trail
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</location>
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,
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<elevation box="[1123,1204,1858,1880]" pageId="5" pageNumber="716">
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1 0
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<quantity box="[1151,1204,1858,1880]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="716" unit="m" value="2.0">2 m</quantity>
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</elevation>
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elevation,
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<geoCoordinate box="[1353,1483,1857,1880]" pageId="5" pageNumber="716">
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4 9.1 1 5 0 7
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<emphasis box="[1461,1469,1858,1880]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="716">°</emphasis>
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E
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</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate box="[820,945,1887,1909]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="716" precision="1" value="-12.9421">
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12.94210
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<emphasis box="[923,931,1887,1909]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="716">°</emphasis>
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S
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</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<collectingDate box="[960,1146,1887,1910]" pageId="5" pageNumber="716" value="2014-02-09">
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<date box="[960,1146,1887,1910]" pageId="5" pageNumber="716" value="2014-02-09">9 February 2014</date>
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</collectingDate>
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, 1930 hours,
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<collectorName pageId="5" pageNumber="716">B. Randriamahatantsoa</collectorName>
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,
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<collectorName box="[916,1069,1917,1940]" pageId="5" pageNumber="716">C. Raxworthy</collectorName>
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,
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<collectorName box="[1081,1180,1918,1939]" pageId="5" pageNumber="716">S. Ruane</collectorName>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="717" pageId="5" pageNumber="716" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph blockId="5.[820,1490,1971,2024]" lastBlockId="6.[142,813,868,2024]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="717" pageId="5" pageNumber="716">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[820,953,1972,1993]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="716">Diagnosis.—</emphasis>
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A new species of
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<taxonomicName box="[1160,1338,1971,1993]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Madagascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="716" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1160,1338,1971,1993]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="716">Madagascarophis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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than can be diagnosed from its congeners by the following combination of characters: an overall gray body color with a black vertebral stripe and alternating light gray blotches down the dorsum, 25 scale rows at midbody, 189 ventral scales and 56 divided subcaudal scales, with extended contact of the posterior inframaxillary scales.
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<emphasis box="[512,749,987,1009]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="717">
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||
<taxonomicName box="[512,745,987,1009]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Madagascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lolo" status="new species">Madagascarophis lolo</taxonomicName>
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,
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||
</emphasis>
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||
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="6" pageNumber="717" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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, differs from all other species of
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<taxonomicName box="[634,812,1017,1039]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Madagascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[634,812,1017,1039]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="717">Madagascarophis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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having a gray body color combined with an alternating pattern of pale gray blotches along the vertebral column and the presence of black scales on the vertebral row scales, giving the appearance of a thin black dorsal stripe (Figs. 1, 3, 4). This overall combination of color and pattern is unique among species of
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<taxonomicName box="[336,514,1196,1218]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Madagascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis box="[336,514,1196,1218]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="717">Madagascarophis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(see
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<bibRefCitation author="Domergue, C. A." box="[568,751,1196,1219]" journalOrPublisher="Paris" pageId="6" pageNumber="717" pagination="455 - 489" part="9" refString="Domergue, C. A. 1987. Notes sur les serpents de la region malgache. VII. Revision du genre Madagascarophis Mertens, 1952. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris 9: 455 - 489." title="Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire Naturelle" type="journal article" year="1987">Domergue, 1987</bibRefCitation>
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:fig. 4 for comparison).
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<emphasis box="[343,577,1226,1248]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="717">
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<taxonomicName box="[343,573,1226,1248]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Madagascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lolo" status="new species">Madagascarophis lolo</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[589,727,1226,1249]" pageId="6" pageNumber="717" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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, differs from all other species with the exception of
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<taxonomicName box="[671,772,1256,1278]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Madagascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuchsi">
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<emphasis box="[671,772,1256,1278]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="717">M. fuchsi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by having extended contact of the posterior inframaxillary scales (
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<figureCitation box="[219,281,1315,1338]" captionStart="Fig. 5" captionStartId="6.[142,169,777,797]" captionTargetBox="[144,1528,131,748]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[144,1528,130,748]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 5. Ventral head view, showing the posterior infralabial scale contact of Madagascarophis lolo (A; RAX 12626), M. fuchsi (B; RAX 12424), M. colubrinus (C; RAX 10540); a scale bar is provided for each species. Photos by SR (A, C) and FTB (B)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5664773" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5664773/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="717">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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). We note the specimen of
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<emphasis box="[588,668,1315,1337]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="717">
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<taxonomicName box="[588,663,1315,1337]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Madagascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lolo" status="new species">M. lolo</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[675,808,1315,1338]" pageId="6" pageNumber="717" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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, has a single gular scale that infringes on the posterior end of the posterior inframaxillaries. However, with the exception of
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<taxonomicName box="[174,272,1405,1427]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Madagascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuchsi">
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<emphasis box="[174,272,1405,1427]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="717">M. fuchsi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, the posterior inframaxillary contact of
|
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<emphasis box="[730,812,1405,1427]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="717">
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<taxonomicName box="[730,808,1405,1427]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Madagascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lolo" status="new species">M. lolo</taxonomicName>
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||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[142,274,1434,1457]" pageId="6" pageNumber="717" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
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, is still much greater than for the other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[142,320,1464,1486]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Madagascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis box="[142,320,1464,1486]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="717">Madagascarophis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[335,398,1464,1487]" captionStart="Fig. 5" captionStartId="6.[142,169,777,797]" captionTargetBox="[144,1528,131,748]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[144,1528,130,748]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 5. Ventral head view, showing the posterior infralabial scale contact of Madagascarophis lolo (A; RAX 12626), M. fuchsi (B; RAX 12424), M. colubrinus (C; RAX 10540); a scale bar is provided for each species. Photos by SR (A, C) and FTB (B)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5664773" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5664773/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="717">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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||
; see
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Glaw" box="[452,653,1464,1487]" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="6" pageNumber="717" pagination="317 - 332" part="3630" refString="Glaw, F., C. Kucharzewski, J. Koehler, M. Vences, and Z. T. Nagy. 2013 a. Resolving an enigma by integrative taxonomy: Madagascarophis fuchsi (Serpentes: Lamprophiidae), a new opisthoglyphous and microendemic snake from northern Madagascar. Zootaxa 3630: 317 - 332." title="Resolving an enigma by integrative taxonomy: Madagascarophis fuchsi (Serpentes: Lamprophiidae), a new opisthoglyphous and microendemic snake from northern Madagascar" type="journal article" year="2013" yearSuffix="a">Glaw et al., 2013a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for additional examples).
|
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5664773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5664773" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5664773/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="717" targetBox="[144,1528,131,748]" targetPageId="6">
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||
<paragraph blockId="6.[142,1530,777,824]" pageId="6" pageNumber="717">
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||
Fig. 5. Ventral head view, showing the posterior infralabial scale contact of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[880,1093,777,797]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Madagascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lolo">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[880,1093,777,797]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="717">
|
||
Madagascarophis
|
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<taxonomicName box="[1058,1093,777,797]" pageId="6" pageNumber="717" rank="species" species="lolo">lolo</taxonomicName>
|
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</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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(A; RAX12626),
|
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<taxonomicName box="[1256,1342,777,798]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Madagascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuchsi">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1256,1342,777,798]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="717">
|
||
M.
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<taxonomicName box="[1287,1342,777,797]" pageId="6" pageNumber="717" rank="species" species="fuchsi">fuchsi</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(B; RAX12424),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Madagascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="colubrinus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="717">
|
||
M.
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[142,241,804,824]" pageId="6" pageNumber="717" rank="species" species="colubrinus">colubrinus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(C; RAX10540); a scale bar is provided for each species. Photos by SR (A, C) and FTB (B).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="717" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[142,813,868,2024]" pageId="6" pageNumber="717">
|
||
<emphasis box="[166,395,1524,1546]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="717">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[166,391,1524,1546]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Madagascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lolo" status="new species">Madagascarophis lolo</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[402,535,1524,1547]" pageId="6" pageNumber="717" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[681,777,1524,1547]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Madagascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuchsi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[681,777,1524,1547]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="717">M. fuchsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having a lower number of infralabial scales (
|
||
<specimenCount box="[625,688,1555,1576]" pageId="6" pageNumber="717" type="generic">
|
||
10
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[659,730,1554,1576]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Madagascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lolo">
|
||
<emphasis box="[659,730,1554,1576]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="717">M. lolo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
vs. 12–
|
||
<specimenCount box="[142,208,1585,1606]" pageId="6" pageNumber="717" type="generic">
|
||
13
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[179,277,1584,1606]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Madagascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuchsi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[179,277,1584,1606]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="717">M. fuchsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
) and a higher ventral scale count (171–
|
||
<specimenCount box="[733,813,1585,1606]" pageId="6" pageNumber="717" type="generic">
|
||
174
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Madagascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuchsi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="717">M. fuchsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
vs. 1 8
|
||
<specimenCount box="[295,355,1614,1636]" pageId="6" pageNumber="717" type="generic">
|
||
9
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[325,408,1614,1636]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Madagascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lolo">
|
||
<emphasis box="[325,408,1614,1636]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="717">M. lolo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
). However, this 1 5 ventral scale difference falls within the intraspecific range of other species (e.g., 35 ventral scales in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[426,589,1673,1696]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Madagascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="meridionalis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[426,589,1673,1696]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="717">M. meridionalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). It differs from the other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[343,521,1703,1725]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Madagascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[343,521,1703,1725]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="717">Madagascarophis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
except
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[621,770,1703,1725]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Madagascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="colubrinus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[621,770,1703,1725]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="717">M. colubrinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having a lower ventral scale count (
|
||
<specimenCount box="[541,619,1734,1755]" pageId="6" pageNumber="717" type="generic">
|
||
189
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[591,663,1733,1755]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Madagascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lolo">
|
||
<emphasis box="[591,663,1733,1755]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="717">M. lolo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
):
|
||
<quantity box="[687,812,1733,1756]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.9784" metricValueMax="5.3086" metricValueMin="4.6482" pageId="6" pageNumber="717" unit="in" value="196.0" valueMax="209.0" valueMin="183.0">183–209 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[142,287,1763,1785]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Madagascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="colubrinus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[142,287,1763,1785]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="717">M. colubrinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity box="[306,434,1763,1786]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.4483" metricValueMax="5.6896" metricValueMin="5.207" pageId="6" pageNumber="717" unit="in" value="214.5" valueMax="224.0" valueMin="205.0">205–224 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[445,573,1763,1785]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Madagascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ocellatus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[445,573,1763,1785]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="717">M. ocellatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<quantity box="[644,773,1763,1786]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.4483" metricValueMax="5.892799999999999" metricValueMin="5.0038" pageId="6" pageNumber="717" unit="in" value="214.5" valueMax="232.0" valueMin="197.0">197–232 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Madagascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="meridionalis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="717">M. meridionalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A general difference between
|
||
<emphasis box="[660,749,1793,1815]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="717">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[660,745,1793,1815]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Madagascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lolo" status="new species">M. lolo</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="6" pageNumber="717" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, and most other
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[422,600,1822,1844]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Madagascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[422,600,1822,1844]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="717">Madagascarophis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the dorsal scale count at midbody.
|
||
<emphasis box="[355,585,1852,1874]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="717">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[355,581,1852,1874]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Madagascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lolo" status="new species">Madagascarophis lolo</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[594,727,1852,1875]" pageId="6" pageNumber="717" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, has 25 dorsal scale rows as does
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[426,524,1882,1904]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Madagascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuchsi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[426,524,1882,1904]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="717">M. fuchsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in contrast to the 27–29 typically found in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[351,494,1912,1934]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Madagascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="colubrinus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[351,494,1912,1934]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="717">M. colubrinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(rarely 25, and not syntopically),
|
||
<quantity box="[220,321,1942,1965]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.874" metricValueMax="8.382" metricValueMin="7.366" pageId="6" pageNumber="717" unit="in" value="31.0" valueMax="33.0" valueMin="29.0">29–33 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[332,499,1942,1964]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Madagascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="meridionalis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[332,499,1942,1964]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="717">M. meridionalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<quantity box="[571,672,1942,1965]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" metricValueMax="7.874" metricValueMin="7.366" pageId="6" pageNumber="717" unit="in" value="30.0" valueMax="31.0" valueMin="29.0">29–31 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[683,812,1942,1964]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Madagascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ocellatus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[683,812,1942,1964]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="717">M. ocellatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Glaw" box="[149,419,1971,1994]" journalOrPublisher="Verlag, Cologne, Germany" pageId="6" pageNumber="717" refString="Glaw, F., and M. Vences. 2007. Amphibians and Reptiles of Madagascar. Third edition. Verlag, Cologne, Germany." title="Amphibians and Reptiles of Madagascar. Third edition" type="book" year="2007">Glaw and Vences, 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Glaw" box="[433,643,1971,1994]" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="6" pageNumber="717" pagination="317 - 332" part="3630" refString="Glaw, F., C. Kucharzewski, J. Koehler, M. Vences, and Z. T. Nagy. 2013 a. Resolving an enigma by integrative taxonomy: Madagascarophis fuchsi (Serpentes: Lamprophiidae), a new opisthoglyphous and microendemic snake from northern Madagascar. Zootaxa 3630: 317 - 332." title="Resolving an enigma by integrative taxonomy: Madagascarophis fuchsi (Serpentes: Lamprophiidae), a new opisthoglyphous and microendemic snake from northern Madagascar" type="journal article" year="2013" yearSuffix="a">Glaw et al., 2013a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It also differs genetically from all other species in the genus, e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[705,776,2001,2023]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Madagascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lolo">
|
||
<emphasis box="[705,776,2001,2023]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="717">M. lolo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
vs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[859,1529,868,979]" pageId="6" pageNumber="717">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[859,954,868,890]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Madagascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuchsi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[859,954,868,890]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="717">M. fuchsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis box="[968,1010,869,890]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="717">COI</emphasis>
|
||
uncorrected pairwise distance =9.6% (
|
||
<tableCitation box="[1435,1512,868,891]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="4.[142,190,131,150]" captionTargetBox="[142,1529,222,410]" captionText="Table 1. Genetic similarity of Madagascarophis by maximum percent uncorrected pairwise identity between / within species by gene; locus order is COI / Cmos / Rag 2. Note that as M. fuchsi and M. lolo are represented by one individual, there is no maximum pairwise identity available for within species variation." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/B1BA66456D25A166FF78DBA1A122FF65" pageId="6" pageNumber="717" tableUuid="B1BA66456D25A166FF78DBA1A122FF65">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
). For specimens not examined here (Appendix 1), additional data were used from
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Domergue, C. A." box="[1122,1323,927,949]" journalOrPublisher="Paris" pageId="6" pageNumber="717" pagination="455 - 489" part="9" refString="Domergue, C. A. 1987. Notes sur les serpents de la region malgache. VII. Revision du genre Madagascarophis Mertens, 1952. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris 9: 455 - 489." title="Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire Naturelle" type="journal article" year="1987">Domergue (1987)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Glaw, F. & C. Kucharzewski & J. Koehler & M. Vences & Z. T. Nagy" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="6" pageNumber="717" pagination="317 - 332" part="3630" refString="Glaw, F., C. Kucharzewski, J. Koehler, M. Vences, and Z. T. Nagy. 2013 a. Resolving an enigma by integrative taxonomy: Madagascarophis fuchsi (Serpentes: Lamprophiidae), a new opisthoglyphous and microendemic snake from northern Madagascar. Zootaxa 3630: 317 - 332." title="Resolving an enigma by integrative taxonomy: Madagascarophis fuchsi (Serpentes: Lamprophiidae), a new opisthoglyphous and microendemic snake from northern Madagascar" type="journal article" year="2013">Glaw et al. (2013a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for the diagnosis.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="718" pageId="6" pageNumber="717" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[859,1529,1009,1795]" pageId="6" pageNumber="717">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[859,1008,1010,1031]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="717">Description.—</emphasis>
|
||
Adult male in excellent state of preservation, tail complete, short ventral slit midbody for DNA tissue sample, lower body slit for assessing gonad development (fully formed mature testes;
|
||
<quantity box="[1186,1269,1098,1119]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="717" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
|
||
length,
|
||
<quantity box="[1369,1439,1098,1119]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="717" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
width). Snout–vent length
|
||
<quantity box="[1080,1179,1127,1150]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.26" pageId="6" pageNumber="717" unit="mm" value="426.0">426 mm</quantity>
|
||
, tail length
|
||
<quantity box="[1324,1410,1127,1150]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="717" unit="mm" value="65.0">65 mm</quantity>
|
||
, tail short (13% of total body length). Head length
|
||
<quantity box="[1328,1413,1157,1178]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="717" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
|
||
, width
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="6" pageNumber="717" unit="mm" value="12.0">12 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Head distinct from neck. Eyes large,
|
||
<quantity box="[1337,1405,1186,1207]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="717" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
|
||
horizontal diameter, pupil vertically elliptical. Supralabials 8, not in contact with the eye. Infralabials 10, first pair in contact behind mental, infralabials
|
||
<quantity box="[1179,1253,1273,1296]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" metricValueMax="12.7" metricValueMin="2.54" pageId="6" pageNumber="717" unit="in" value="3.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="1.0">1–5 in</quantity>
|
||
contact with inframaxillaries. Rostral broader than high,
|
||
<quantity box="[1243,1309,1303,1325]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="717" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide/
|
||
<quantity box="[1380,1464,1303,1326]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="717" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
high, visible from above. Nasal divided below nostril, in contact with 1st and 2nd supralabials. Single loreal, in contact with nasal, preoculars, prefrontal, and supralabials 2 and 3. Circumoculars 9, 1 supraocular, 2 preoculars, 3 suboculars, and 3 postoculars. Temporals 4 + 4/4 + 5. Dorsal surface of head includes pair of internasals (width
|
||
<quantity box="[1325,1415,1479,1502]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="6" pageNumber="717" unit="mm" value="1.7">1.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
/length of suture
|
||
<quantity box="[940,1013,1509,1530]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="717" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
), pair of prefrontals (width
|
||
<quantity box="[1343,1414,1508,1531]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="717" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
/length of suture
|
||
<quantity box="[937,1028,1538,1559]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="6" pageNumber="717" unit="mm" value="2.1">2.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
), pair of supraoculars (width
|
||
<quantity box="[1360,1448,1537,1560]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="6" pageNumber="717" unit="mm" value="2.8">2.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
/length
|
||
<quantity box="[859,951,1567,1589]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8" pageId="6" pageNumber="717" unit="mm" value="4.8">4.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
), frontal longer than wide (length
|
||
<quantity box="[1345,1432,1567,1590]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.7" pageId="6" pageNumber="717" unit="mm" value="5.7">5.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
/anterior width
|
||
<quantity box="[933,1024,1597,1618]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="6" pageNumber="717" unit="mm" value="2.9">2.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
), pair of parietals (length of suture
|
||
<quantity box="[1426,1517,1596,1619]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" pageId="6" pageNumber="717" unit="mm" value="4.6">4.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
). Two pairs of inframaxillaries (anterior inframaxillary length
|
||
<quantity box="[859,950,1655,1677]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.9" pageId="6" pageNumber="717" unit="mm" value="4.9">4.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
, posterior inframaxillary length
|
||
<quantity box="[1318,1410,1655,1677]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="6" pageNumber="717" unit="mm" value="3.1">3.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
), posterior inframaxillaries substantially in contact with each other excepting small gular scale at posterior end (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1370,1435,1713,1736]" captionStart="Fig. 5" captionStartId="6.[142,169,777,797]" captionTargetBox="[144,1528,131,748]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[144,1528,130,748]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 5. Ventral head view, showing the posterior infralabial scale contact of Madagascarophis lolo (A; RAX 12626), M. fuchsi (B; RAX 12424), M. colubrinus (C; RAX 10540); a scale bar is provided for each species. Photos by SR (A, C) and FTB (B)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5664773" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5664773/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="717">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). Dorsal scale rows 23-25-19 at 10th ventral from anterior, midbody, and 10th ventral anterior to cloaca.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[859,1529,1825,2024]" lastBlockId="7.[103,773,131,508]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="718" pageId="6" pageNumber="717">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[859,1147,1825,1847]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="717">Coloration and pattern.—</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal ground color gray in life, alternating lighter gray blotches/squares alongside vertebral column, many vertebral row scales black in coloration, giving general appearance of black dorsal line interrupted occasionally by gray scales (Fig. 1). At roughly the posterior 1/3 of the body, dorsal scale rows 7 and 8 occasionally black, giving spotted appearance in lateral view. Overall coloration pale gray in preservation. Color of iris in life gray/silver with gold flecking (Fig. 1), opaque gray in preservation. Dorsum of head, including rostral, internasals, prefrontals, frontal, supraoculars, and parietals gray. Supralabials 4–8 with gray and white mottling, infralabials with gray and white mottling. Slightly darker diffuse brown line runs from the posterior of eye to posterior margin of mouth. Tail gray with black mottling, darker and more contrasting compared to body, with slight flush of pale orange towards tail tip. Ventral scales cream with no pattern anteriorly, small amounts of gray flecking on ventral scales beginning at the posterior 1/3 of the body, continuing and increasing in intensity onto the subcaudal scales.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[103,773,539,1065]" pageId="7" pageNumber="718">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[103,293,539,561]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="718">Natural history.—</emphasis>
|
||
Similar to other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[588,766,539,561]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Madagascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="718" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[588,766,539,561]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="718">Madagascarophis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[103,180,569,591]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Madagascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="718" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lolo">
|
||
<emphasis box="[103,180,569,591]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="718">M. lolo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears to be crepuscular/nocturnal; the specimen was found active on the ground at 1930 hours on tsingy karst rocks, in an exposed area with low scrub habitat. This is very similar to what has been described for
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Glaw et al., 2013a" authorityName="Glaw et al." authorityYear="2013" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Madagascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="718" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuchsi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[534,631,657,680]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="718">M. fuchsi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Glaw" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="7" pageNumber="718" pagination="317 - 332" part="3630" refString="Glaw, F., C. Kucharzewski, J. Koehler, M. Vences, and Z. T. Nagy. 2013 a. Resolving an enigma by integrative taxonomy: Madagascarophis fuchsi (Serpentes: Lamprophiidae), a new opisthoglyphous and microendemic snake from northern Madagascar. Zootaxa 3630: 317 - 332." title="Resolving an enigma by integrative taxonomy: Madagascarophis fuchsi (Serpentes: Lamprophiidae), a new opisthoglyphous and microendemic snake from northern Madagascar" type="journal article" year="2013" yearSuffix="a">Glaw et al., 2013a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and our own observation of the
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[582,683,687,709]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Madagascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="718" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuchsi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[582,683,687,709]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="718">M. fuchsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sample included here, which we found outside a small cave in the karst system of the Montagne des Français massif, approximately 7 0 km away. By contrast, the other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[103,285,805,827]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Madagascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="718" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[103,285,805,827]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="718">Madagascarophis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
found at Ankarana,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[554,708,805,828]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Madagascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="718" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="colubrinus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[554,708,805,828]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="718">M. colubrinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, was common in canyon forests and surrounding relict forests, as well as in anthropogenically disturbed habitat. We suspect the reason that
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[287,362,894,916]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Madagascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="718" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lolo">
|
||
<emphasis box="[287,362,894,916]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="718">M. lolo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has gone undetected for so long at Ankarana is that the exposed tsingy plateau has been poorly surveyed at night in previous expeditions due to problems of gaining safe access to these areas.
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[491,715,983,1005]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Madagascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="718" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lolo">
|
||
<emphasis box="[491,715,983,1005]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="718">Madagascarophis lolo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may be endemic to the karst habitats of Ankarana, and possibly Analamerana, which is the closest karst system to the east.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="718" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[103,773,1095,1266]" pageId="7" pageNumber="718">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[103,248,1096,1118]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="718">Etymology.—</emphasis>
|
||
The species name,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[489,528,1095,1117]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Madagascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="718" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lolo">
|
||
<emphasis box="[489,528,1095,1117]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="718">lolo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is taken from the Malagasy word for ghost; it is a noun in apposition to the genus name. This name refers to 1) the ghostly pale gray color of the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[234,335,1184,1207]" pageId="7" pageNumber="718">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, and 2) that
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[470,541,1184,1206]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Madagascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="718" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lolo">
|
||
<emphasis box="[470,541,1184,1206]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="718">M. lolo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has eluded discovery for so long at Ankarana, arguably one of the better surveyed sites in
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[189,319,1243,1266]" name="Madagascar" pageId="7" pageNumber="718">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |