treatments-xml/data/FF/D4/00/FFD40043089905AAFD70D5FF8DC1D97F.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.47.9076" ID-PMC="PMC4389086" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-47-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFF7B10CC8797526FFC9FFA3FFEED14B" ID-PubMed="25878553" ID-Zenodo-Dep="576277" ModsDocID="1314-2003-47-1" checkinTime="1451251570853" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Knapp, Sandra, Stehmann, Joao Renato &amp; Giacomin, Leandro L." docDate="2015" docId="FFD40043089905AAFD70D5FF8DC1D97F" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 47: 1-48" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 47" docPubDate="2015-03-10" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.47.9076" docTitle="Solanum psilophyllum Stehmann &amp; Giacomin 2015, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" id="FFF7B10CC8797526FFC9FFA3FFEED14B" lastPageNumber="14" masterDocId="FFF7B10CC8797526FFC9FFA3FFEED14B" masterDocTitle="New species, additions and a key to the Brazilian species of the Geminata clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in Brazil" masterLastPageNumber="48" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="13" updateTime="1668141325645" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>New species, additions and a key to the Brazilian species of the Geminata clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in Brazil</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Knapp, Sandra</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, United Kingdom</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">s.knapp@nhm.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Stehmann, Joao Renato</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Departamento de Botanica, Laboratorio de Sistematica Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Av. Antonio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, CEP 31270 - 901, MG, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Giacomin, Leandro L.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Departamento de Botanica, Laboratorio de Sistematica Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Av. Antonio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, CEP 31270 - 901, MG, Brazil &amp; (current address) Instituto de Ciencias e Tecnologia das Aguas and Herbario HSTM, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Para - UFOPA, Av. Mendonca Furtado, 2946, Santarem, CEP 68040 - 050, PA, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2015-03-10</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>47</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>48</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.47.9076</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.47.9076</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-47-1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FFF7B10CC8797526FFC9FFA3FFEED14B</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">576277</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152025591" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FFD40043089905AAFD70D5FF8DC1D97F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FFD40043089905AAFD70D5FF8DC1D97F" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName LSID="FFD40043-0899-05AA-FD70-D5FF8DC1D97F" authority="Stehmann &amp; Giacomin" authorityName="Stehmann &amp; Giacomin" authorityYear="2015" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum psilophyllum" order="Solanales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="psilophyllum" status="sp. nov.">Solanum psilophyllum Stehmann &amp; Giacomin</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="12" pageNumber="13">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Photograph of living plants of Solanum lacteum, Solanum psilophyllum and Solanum verticillatum. A Inflorescence and flower of Solanum lacteum (Agra et al. 7284) B Habit of Solanum lacteum (from Linhares, ES; no voucher) C Habit of Solanum psilophyllum showing rhizomatous growth (Giacomin et al. 186) D Flowers and young stems of Solanum psilophyllum (Giacomin et al. 186) E Fruit of Solanum psilophyllum (Giacomin et al. 186) F Immature fruit of Solanum verticillatum, inset shows pseudo-verticillate branching pattern (Giacomin et al. 2016). Photographs: A-E (J. R. Stehmann), F (S. Knapp)." pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figure 8C, D, E</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Holotype specimen of Solanum psilophyllum (Giacomin et al. 186, BHCB 019054). Reproduced with permission of the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais." pageId="12" pageNumber="13">, 12</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
Like 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum evonymoides" order="Solanales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="evonymoides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Solanum evonymoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Sendtn. but differing in smaller flowers, inflorescences that are unbranched or branch only once near the base, pedicels with a constriction at the apex just below the calyx lobes and ovoid-reniform seeds.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="type">
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Type.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
Brazil. Minas Gerais: Mun. Mariana, Mina de 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fazendão">Fazendao</normalizedToken>
, em mata, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="próximo">proximo</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="à">a</normalizedToken>
ferrovia, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="20" direction="south" minutes="08" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="43.7" value="-20.145472">20°08'43.7&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="43" direction="west" minutes="24" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="48.4" value="-43.413445">43°24'48.4&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 875 m, 29 Jul 2008 (fl, fr), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">L.L. Giacomin, J.R. Stehmann, S.G. Resende &amp; F. Pena 186</emphasis>
(holotype: BHCB [BHCB019054]; isotypes: BHCB [BHCB019055], BM, NY, RB).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
Treelet to 4 m, rhizomatous with underground stems; young stems terete, glabrous; new growth completely glabrous, occasionally minutely papillate; bark of older stems greenish brown, slightly winged from the leaf bases. Sympodial units difoliate, geminate; leaves of a pair differing in size but not usually in shape. Leaves simple, the major leaves 10-15(-25) cm long, 4-13 cm wide, elliptic to narrowly elliptic, occasionally wider in the distal third and narrowly obovate, membranous, glabrous on both surfaces, the abaxial surface often drying paler than the adaxial surface; primary veins 8-11 pairs, drying somewhat lighter than the lamina; base attenuate, somewhat oblique; margins entire; apex acute, the tip somewhat blunt; petiole 1.5-2 cm long, glabrous; minor leaves 6-8 cm long, 2-3 cm wide, differing from the majors only in size and sometimes not present in dried specimens. Inflorescences 0.2-2 cm long, opposite the leaves or appearing to arise from the leaf axils, unbranched, but apparently sometimes with 2 inflorescences from one axil and appearing branched (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Giacomin et al. 186</emphasis>
), with 5-8 flowers, glabrous; peduncle 0.1-2 cm; pedicles 1.2-1.5 cm long, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">ca.</emphasis>
0.5 mm in diameter at the base, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">ca.</emphasis>
1.5 mm in diameter at the swollen apex with a marked constriction just below the calyx lobes, slender and expanding distally, spreading or pendant at anthesis, glabrous, articulated at the base; pedicel scars 0.5 -1 mm apart, more congested in the distal part of the inflorescence. Buds obovoid, the corolla strongly exserted from the calyx tube before anthesis. Flowers 5-merous, perfect. Calyx with the tube 0.5-1 mm long, broadly conical, the lobes 1-1.5 mm long, deltate to triangular, reflexed at anthesis, glabrous. Corolla 1.2-1.4 cm in diameter, white, stellate, lobed 1/2 to 2/3 of the way to the base, the lobes 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">ca.</emphasis>
5 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, spread at anthesis, glabrous with the tips minutely papillate. Stamens 3.5-4 mm long; filament tube 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">ca.</emphasis>
0.5 mm long, the free portion of the filaments 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">ca.</emphasis>
0.5 mm long, glabrous; anthers 2.5-3 mm long, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">ca.</emphasis>
1 mm wide, ellipsoid, yellow, poricidal at the tips, the pores lengthening to slits with age. Ovary glabrous; style 5-6 mm long, glabrous; stigma not expanded, blunt, the surface minutely papillate. Fruit a globose berry, 1-1.3 cm in diameter, green, the pericarp not markedly shiny, thick; fruiting pedicels 1.5-1.7 cm long, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">ca.</emphasis>
1 mm in diameter at the base, 2.5-3 mm and expanded at the apex, woody and pendant; calyx lobes in fruit not markedly expanding, but distinctly differentiated from the enlarged pedicel apex. Seeds not known.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="12" pageNumber="13" start="Figure 12" startId="F12">
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figure 12.</emphasis>
Holotype specimen of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Stehmann &amp; Giacomin" authorityYear="2015" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum psilophyllum" order="Solanales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="psilophyllum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Solanum psilophyllum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Giacomin et al. 186</emphasis>
, BHCB019054). Reproduced with permission of the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
In the south-eastern part of the state of Minas Gerais, in islands of forest (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<normalizedToken originalValue="capões">capoes</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
) associated with iron or quartzite formations in the Iron Quadrangle and Serra do 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cipó">Cipo</normalizedToken>
regions, in the southern limit of 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Espinhaço">Espinhaco</normalizedToken>
mountain range (Figure 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Distribution of Solanum psilophyllum." pageId="12" pageNumber="13">13</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="12" pageNumber="13" start="Figure 13" startId="F13">
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figure 13.</emphasis>
Distribution of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Stehmann &amp; Giacomin" authorityYear="2015" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum psilophyllum" order="Solanales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="psilophyllum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Solanum psilophyllum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="ecology">
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Stehmann &amp; Giacomin" authorityYear="2015" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum psilophyllum" order="Solanales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="psilophyllum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Solanum psilophyllum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
grows in the forest understory on thin soils associated with iron-rich or quartzite formations, at elevations from 800-900 m.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="phenology">
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Phenology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Flowering specimens have been collected throughout the year; fruits have only been seen on the type specimen, collected in July. It is probable that this species flowers and fruits sporadically throughout the year.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
Named for its completely glabrous leaves (from the Greek 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">psilos</emphasis>
smooth or bare, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">phyllos</emphasis>
leaf).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="preliminary conservation status (iucn 2014)">
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
Preliminary conservation status (
<bibRefCitation author="IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee" journalOrPublisher="Standards and Petitions Subcommittee" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" publicationUrl="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" refId="B10" refString="IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee, 2014. Guidelines for using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 11. Standards and Petitions Subcommittee, http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf [on 12 Nov 2014]" title="Guidelines for using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 11" url="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" year="2014">IUCN 2014</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
Critically Endangered (CR) B1, 2 a, b(ii, iii, iv); EOO 26 km2 (CR); AOO 16 km2 (EN). 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Stehmann &amp; Giacomin" authorityYear="2015" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum psilophyllum" order="Solanales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="psilophyllum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Solanum psilophyllum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known from only two localities and its habitat is under severe pressure from mining and frequent forest fires (see Notes). The population from which the type specimen was collected, close to a private railroad, has already been destroyed. Although the area of occupancy would suggest a status of Endangered we consider the extreme threats to these populations coupled with the habitat specifity of members of the Geminata clade (see above) warrant a status of Critically Endangered.One of the known collections might be from a protected area (PARNA Serra do 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cipó">Cipo</normalizedToken>
), although not stated on the specimen label (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
Campos &amp; 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Belisário">Belisario</normalizedToken>
CFSC-13505
</emphasis>
) but appears to be from a roadside, subject to occasional fire.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="notes">
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Stehmann &amp; Giacomin" authorityYear="2015" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum psilophyllum" order="Solanales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="psilophyllum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Solanum psilophyllum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the species previously called 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum cormanthum" order="Solanales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cormanthum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Solanum cormanthum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Vell. in 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Lista de Especies de Flora do Brasil</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Stehmann, JR" journalOrPublisher="Jardim Botanico do Rio de Janeiro" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" publicationUrl="http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/jabot/floradobrasil/FB225" refId="B20" refString="Stehmann, JR, Mentz, LA, Agra, MF, Vignoli-Silva, M, Giacomin, L, Rodrigues, IMC, 2014. Solanaceae in Lista de Especies da Flora do Brasil. Jardim Botanico do Rio de Janeiro, http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/jabot/floradobrasil/FB225 [accessed on: 10 Nov. 2014]" title="Solanaceae in Lista de Especies da Flora do Brasil" url="http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/jabot/floradobrasil/FB225" year="2014">Stehmann et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
). That name, however, has been of uncertain application since 
<bibRefCitation author="Sendtner, O" journalOrPublisher="Flora Brasiliensis" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="5 - 200" refId="B18" refString="Sendtner, O, 1846. Solanaceae. Flora Brasiliensis 10: 5 - 200" title="Solanaceae." volume="10" year="1846">Sendtner (1846)</bibRefCitation>
listed a collection from Minas Gerais (&quot;Caxoeira do Campo&quot;) as belonging to 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum cormanthum" order="Solanales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cormanthum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Solanum cormanthum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but with reservations.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
Three sheets of labelled as &quot;Solanum cormanthum Vell.&quot; in 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Martius’s">Martius's</normalizedToken>
hand in Brussels belong to this species as do presumed duplicates of this collection in F (F-680206) and G (G00016950) cited by 
<bibRefCitation author="Knapp, S" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="405 - 458" publicationUrl="10.3417/2006159" refId="B14" refString="Knapp, S, 2008. A revision of the Solanum havanense species group (section Geminata (G. Don) Walp. pro parte) and new taxonomic additions to the Geminata clade (Solanum: Solanaceae). Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 95 (3): 405 - 458, DOI: 10.3417/2006159" title="A revision of the Solanum havanense species group (section Geminata (G. Don) Walp. pro parte) and new taxonomic additions to the Geminata clade (Solanum: Solanaceae)." url="10.3417/2006159" volume="95" year="2008">Knapp (2008)</bibRefCitation>
as belonging to 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum evonymoides" order="Solanales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="evonymoides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Solanum evonymoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Sendtn., a species now considered to only occur from coastal Bahia to northeastern Minas Gerais (see discussion of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="S. Knapp &amp; Stehmann" authorityYear="2015" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum verticillatum" order="Solanales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="verticillatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Solanum verticillatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
below). 
<bibRefCitation author="Sendtner, O" journalOrPublisher="Flora Brasiliensis" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="5 - 200" refId="B18" refString="Sendtner, O, 1846. Solanaceae. Flora Brasiliensis 10: 5 - 200" title="Solanaceae." volume="10" year="1846">Sendtner (1846)</bibRefCitation>
cites a collection in 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Martius’s">Martius's</normalizedToken>
herbarium from &quot;Caxoeira do Campo, prov. Minarum, Martio floret: Martius&quot;; this was probably collected by Claussen. One of the three of the sheets in BR (BR00000825373) is from 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Martius’s">Martius's</normalizedToken>
herbarium and is labelled &quot;Mart. 1839.&quot; Another sheet is definitely attributed to Claussen and collected in 1835, while the third is attributed (&quot;comm. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Schüch">Schuech</normalizedToken>
fil. 1850&quot;) to Guilherme 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Schüch">Schuech</normalizedToken>
, the Baron of Capanema (Minas Gerais, currently the active iron mine of Capanema), who sent plants to Martius.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
The Vellozo illustration of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum cormanthum" order="Solanales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cormanthum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Solanum cormanthum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(tab. 113, 
<bibRefCitation author="Vellozo da Conceicao, JM" journalOrPublisher="Senefelder, Paris" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="B22" refString="Vellozo da Conceicao, JM, 1831. Flora Fluminensis Icones 2 [&quot;1827&quot;]. Senefelder, Paris" title="Flora Fluminensis Icones 2 [&quot; 1827 &quot;]" year="1831">Vellozo 1831</bibRefCitation>
) has distinctly axillary inflorescences and is said to come from what is now the city of Rio de Janeiro (&quot;Praedii S. Crucis&quot;), an area of very different vegetation and soils than the iron or quartzite rich formations of Minas Gerais. We recognise 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum cormanthum" order="Solanales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cormanthum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Solanum cormanthum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
here as a synonym of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Vell., Fl. Flumin. 82. 1829 [&quot;" authorityYear="1825" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum lacteum" order="Solanales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lacteum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Solanum lacteum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, both on morphological and distributional grounds. Members of the Geminata clade are very similar morphologically and 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Vellozo’s">Vellozo's</normalizedToken>
plates are often distinctly suboptimal for secure identification. In view of the restricted distribution and habitat of these plants (see below) we prefer to describe this as new here rather than use 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum cormanthum" order="Solanales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cormanthum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Solanum cormanthum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for these distinct and endangered populations.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Stehmann &amp; Giacomin" authorityYear="2015" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum psilophyllum" order="Solanales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="psilophyllum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<pageBreakToken pageId="13" pageNumber="14" start="start">Solanum</pageBreakToken>
psilophyllum
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a very narrow distribution restricted to the Iron quadrangle, within areas that are today active mines, and to the Serra do 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cipó">Cipo</normalizedToken>
region, were it was collected more than ten years ago, in forest fragments close to roadsides. The fact that no collections are known from northern areas of the 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Espinhaço">Espinhaco</normalizedToken>
range likely indicates that the distribution is extremely restricted to the region acround Serra do 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cipó">Cipo</normalizedToken>
and the Iron Quadrangle. Efforts to locate new populations of this species are urgent, especially considering that most areas where it might occur are currently owned by mining companies and are subject to an intensive land use.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Stehmann &amp; Giacomin" authorityYear="2015" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum psilophyllum" order="Solanales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="psilophyllum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Solanum psilophyllum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is morphologically similar to 
<taxonomicName authorityName="S. Knapp &amp; Stehmann" authorityYear="2015" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum verticillatum" order="Solanales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="verticillatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Solanum verticillatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(described here below), another completely glabrous species of the Geminata clade occurring in the states of 
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. It can be distinguished from that species by its longer calyx lobes and by the swollen distal portions of the pedicels that are markedly constricted just below the calyx lobes. In addition, the leaf texture of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Stehmann &amp; Giacomin" authorityYear="2015" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum psilophyllum" order="Solanales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="psilophyllum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Solanum psilophyllum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is somewhat fleshy, while leaves of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="S. Knapp &amp; Stehmann" authorityYear="2015" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum verticillatum" order="Solanales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="verticillatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Solanum verticillatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are brittle and chartaceous.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Stehmann &amp; Giacomin" authorityYear="2015" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum psilophyllum" order="Solanales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="psilophyllum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Solanum psilophyllum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is also morphologically similar to 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Vell., Fl. Flumin. 82. 1829 [&quot;" authorityYear="1825" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum lacteum" order="Solanales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lacteum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Solanum lacteum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Atlantic forests in Rio de Janeiro, Espirito Santo and Minas Gerais states. It differs from that species in its larger flowers (&gt;1 cm in diameter), longer inflorescences, elliptic rather than obelliptic leaves that do not dry a blackish brown colour and in the non-lenticellate stem. Like 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Vell., Fl. Flumin. 82. 1829 [&quot;" authorityYear="1825" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum lacteum" order="Solanales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lacteum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Solanum lacteum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Stehmann &amp; Giacomin" authorityYear="2015" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum psilophyllum" order="Solanales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="psilophyllum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Solanum psilophyllum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is completely glabrous. 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Stehmann &amp; Giacomin" authorityYear="2015" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum psilophyllum" order="Solanales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="psilophyllum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Solanum psilophyllum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has an underground stem (Figure 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Photograph of living plants of Solanum lacteum, Solanum psilophyllum and Solanum verticillatum. A Inflorescence and flower of Solanum lacteum (Agra et al. 7284) B Habit of Solanum lacteum (from Linhares, ES; no voucher) C Habit of Solanum psilophyllum showing rhizomatous growth (Giacomin et al. 186) D Flowers and young stems of Solanum psilophyllum (Giacomin et al. 186) E Fruit of Solanum psilophyllum (Giacomin et al. 186) F Immature fruit of Solanum verticillatum, inset shows pseudo-verticillate branching pattern (Giacomin et al. 2016). Photographs: A-E (J. R. Stehmann), F (S. Knapp)." pageId="13" pageNumber="14">8C</figureCitation>
), like 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum arboreum" order="Solanales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arboreum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Solanum arboreum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Dunal of northern South America and Central America (see 
<bibRefCitation author="Knapp, S" journalOrPublisher="Flora Neotropica" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 405" refId="B12" refString="Knapp, S, 2002a. Solanum section Geminata (G. Don) Walpers (Solanaceae). Flora Neotropica 84: 1 - 405" title="Solanum section Geminata (G. Don) Walpers (Solanaceae)." volume="84" year="2002 a">Knapp 2002a</bibRefCitation>
); this characteristic may be more common in the Geminata clade than currently thought, as it is rare that the underground parts of these small shrubs are collected or even observed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="specimens examined">
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">BRAZIL. Minas Gerais:</emphasis>
Mun. Santana do Riacho, Serra do 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cipó">Cipo</normalizedToken>
, Rodovia MG-010, Belo Horizonte a 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Conceição">Conceicao</normalizedToken>
do Mato Dentro, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">ca.</emphasis>
de 1.5 km antes da 
<normalizedToken originalValue="bifurcação">bifurcacao</normalizedToken>
para Morro do Pilar, pequeno 
<normalizedToken originalValue="capão">capao</normalizedToken>
da mata a direita, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="próximo">proximo</normalizedToken>
a rodovia, 19 Nov 1993 (fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
M.T.V.A. Campos &amp; A.J.M. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Belisário">Belisario</normalizedToken>
CFSC-13505
</emphasis>
(BHCB); sin. loc., 1835 (infl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">P. Claussen s.n.</emphasis>
(BR); sin. loc., 1839 (infl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">P. Claussen s.n.</emphasis>
(F); Caxoeira do Campo, Mar 1839 (infl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">P. Claussen 200</emphasis>
(BR, G); Mun. Santana do Riacho, Serra do 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cipó">Cipo</normalizedToken>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">ca.</emphasis>
400 m antes da 
<normalizedToken originalValue="bifurcação">bifurcacao</normalizedToken>
Morro do 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pilar-Conceição">Pilar-Conceicao</normalizedToken>
do Mato Dentro, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">ca.</emphasis>
1.8 km da estrada, 2 Mar 2001 (fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">M. Groppo et al. 640</emphasis>
(BHCB); Mun. Catas Altas, Mina de 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fazendão">Fazendao</normalizedToken>
, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="próximo">proximo</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="à">a</normalizedToken>
area da cava, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="20" direction="south" minutes="07" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="38" value="-20.127222">20°07'38&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="43" direction="west" minutes="24" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="48" value="-43.413334">43°24'48&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 970 m, 27 May 2008 (fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">S.G. Rezende et al. 2749</emphasis>
(BHCB); sin. loc., 1850 (infl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
G. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Schüch">Schuech</normalizedToken>
s.n.
</emphasis>
(BR).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>