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<document id="F04930723E73A73CC2291C5A3C332433" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4194.1.1" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4194.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c7258597-fa96-4b98-a6f8-aecc1f8779d5" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-ZooBank="C21A07A7-3AD9-4AA2-8426-EAB08BA396E6" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1479454031938" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="M. P. Oliveira 1,16, S P. Miranda 2, *,, Es W. Mianzan 10,, Ro E. Migotto 11,, Ne B. Nascimento 2,11, Eli Nogueira Júnior 12,, Er Quiñones 13,, Izio Scarabino 14,, Tín Schiariti 10,, Io N. Stampar 15,, Tronolone 2, , Quíria B. &amp; Onio C. Marques 2,11" docDate="2016" docId="3F6387A9FFBFE21B85D8FC5FD9D563C9" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4194.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4194 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Filellum serratum Clarke 1879" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="83" masterDocId="C35AFFD1FFEDE249854FFFD3DD0E6529" masterDocTitle="Census of Cnidaria (Medusozoa) and Ctenophora from South American marine waters" masterLastPageNumber="256" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="83" updateTime="1698394114374" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="AF8273FB4D294A58A2D13BC7DF6AA00D">Census of Cnidaria (Medusozoa) and Ctenophora from South American marine waters</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="7E73F5606607565E6AEE35E37DFBD640">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="85DBAC5C45C55FD037D56FCD83D803FC">4194</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="958A339DCFF9A11D62FEB66541A10A9E" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4194.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="3F6387A9FFBFE21B85D8FC5FD9D563C9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4512236" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124787367" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4512236" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3F6387A9FFBFE21B85D8FC5FD9D563C9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3F6387A9FFBFE21B85D8FC5FD9D563C9" lastPageNumber="83" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
<subSubSection id="FFD06534FFBFE21B85D8FC5FDC0B611C" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="B77536BFFFBFE21B85D8FC5FDF24668C" blockId="82.[151,554,908,933]" box="[151,554,908,933]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
<heading id="EC3D81D3FFBFE21B85D8FC5FDF24668C" bold="true" box="[151,554,908,933]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" reason="2">
<emphasis id="85BEEAADFFBFE21B85D8FC5FDF24668C" bold="true" box="[151,554,908,933]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
?
<taxonomicName id="70CA4D3CFFBFE21B85EAFC5FDF24668C" ID-CoL="6J2W8" authority="Clarke, 1879" authorityName="Clarke" authorityYear="1879" box="[165,554,908,933]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Filellum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="serratum">
<emphasis id="85BEEAADFFBFE21B85EAFC5FDC76668A" bold="true" box="[165,376,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Filellum serratum</emphasis>
(Clarke, 1879)
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</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B77536BFFFBFE21B85D8FC07DC0B611C" blockId="82.[151,1436,980,1760]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
Synonyms in the area:?
<taxonomicName id="70CA4D3CFFBFE21B84E3FC07DF5B66C5" box="[428,597,980,1004]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Lafoea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="serrata">
<emphasis id="85BEEAADFFBFE21B84E3FC07DF5B66C5" box="[428,597,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Lafoea serrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—Hartlaub 1905 p. 595 [polyp];
<taxonomicName id="70CA4D3CFFBFE21B869DFC07D98166C5" box="[978,1167,980,1005]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Filellum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="serpens">
<emphasis id="85BEEAADFFBFE21B869DFC07D98166C5" box="[978,1167,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Filellum serpens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—Fraser 1938a, 1938b, 1939, 1948; Calder
<emphasis id="85BEEAADFFBFE21B843CFC2ADCA56139" box="[371,427,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">et al.</emphasis>
2003 [non
<taxonomicName id="70CA4D3CFFBFE21B8764FC24DE956139" authority="Hassall, 1848" authorityName="Hassall" authorityYear="1848" box="[555,923,1015,1040]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Filellum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="serpens">
<emphasis id="85BEEAADFFBFE21B8764FC24DFE86139" box="[555,742,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Filellum serpens</emphasis>
(Hassall, 1848)
</taxonomicName>
; polyp];?
<taxonomicName id="70CA4D3CFFBFE21B8144FC24D9D86139" box="[1035,1238,1015,1040]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Filellum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="serratum">
<emphasis id="85BEEAADFFBFE21B8144FC24D9D86139" box="[1035,1238,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Filellum serratum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—Leloup 1974 p. 8 [polyp].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FFD06534FFBFE21B8588FBECD9D563C9" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="B77536BFFFBFE21B8588FBECDE136019" blockId="82.[151,1436,980,1760]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
<materialsCitation id="07A23CE2FFBFE21B8588FBECDE136019" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1328365545" location="South" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="South">
Remarks: polyp—Calder
<emphasis id="85BEEAADFFBFE21B84A0FB92DF256171" box="[495,555,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">et al.</emphasis>
(2003) examined Frasers material and assigned the specimens to
<taxonomicName id="70CA4D3CFFBFE21B8072FBECDCA56155" authority="Clarke, 1879" authorityName="Clarke" authorityYear="1879" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Filellum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="serratum">
<emphasis id="85BEEAADFFBFE21B8072FBECDDF26155" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Filellum serratum</emphasis>
(Clarke, 1879)
</taxonomicName>
. However, literature on the genus
<taxonomicName id="70CA4D3CFFBFE21B867FFBB7DE816154" box="[816,911,1124,1149]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Filellum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="85BEEAADFFBFE21B867FFBB7DE816154" box="[816,911,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Filellum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is replete with doubtful and incorrect records, because the authors based their identifications exclusively on the trophosome in the absence of coppiniae (Peña Cantero
<emphasis id="85BEEAADFFBFE21B85B2FB7EDC3361EC" box="[253,317,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">et al.</emphasis>
1998; Marques
<emphasis id="85BEEAADFFBFE21B8746FB7EDF4661EC" box="[521,584,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">et al.</emphasis>
2011).
<taxonomicName id="70CA4D3CFFBFE21B87E3FB7FDE7061ED" box="[684,894,1196,1221]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Filellum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="serratum">
<emphasis id="85BEEAADFFBFE21B87E3FB7FDE7061ED" box="[684,894,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Filellum serratum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, for instance, can be diagnosed only by the morphology of its coppinia, since its trophosome is identical to other species of the genus (e.g.
<taxonomicName id="70CA4D3CFFBFE21B8196FB02D87761C1" box="[1241,1401,1233,1256]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Filellum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="antarcticum">
<emphasis id="85BEEAADFFBFE21B8196FB02D87761C1" box="[1241,1401,1233,1256]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">F. antarcticum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="70CA4D3CFFBFE21B80C7FB02DC176025" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Filellum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="magnificum">
<emphasis id="85BEEAADFFBFE21B80C7FB02DC176025" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">F. magnificum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="70CA4D3CFFBFE21B8418FB26DCC96024" box="[343,455,1268,1293]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Filellum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nitidum">
<emphasis id="85BEEAADFFBFE21B8418FB26DCC96024" box="[343,455,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">F. nitidum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; see Marques
<emphasis id="85BEEAADFFBFE21B8723FB26DFAB6024" box="[620,677,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">et al.</emphasis>
2011). There is no record of the coppinia of
<taxonomicName id="70CA4D3CFFBFE21B81E8FB26D8276025" box="[1191,1321,1269,1292]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Filellum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="serratum">
<emphasis id="85BEEAADFFBFE21B81E8FB26D8276025" box="[1191,1321,1269,1292]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">F. serratum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for
<collectingRegion id="750EF85DFFBFE21B8014FB27D8926024" box="[1371,1436,1268,1293]" country="Maldives" name="Dhekunu" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">South</collectingRegion>
American waters—consequently, all records are doubtful.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B77536BFFFBFE21B8588FAEFDF5C6379" blockId="82.[151,1436,980,1760]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
Distribution in
<collectingRegion id="750EF85DFFBFE21B843EFAEFDCBC607C" box="[369,434,1340,1365]" country="Maldives" name="Dhekunu" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">South</collectingRegion>
America: polyp—Pacific Ocean,
<collectingCountry id="CFDD762FFFBFE21B8662FAEFDE90607C" box="[813,926,1340,1365]" name="Colombia" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Colombia</collectingCountry>
, at
<geoCoordinate id="D2FE5078FFBFE21B868BFAEFD91A607C" box="[964,1044,1340,1365]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" precision="555" value="6.78">6.78°N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="D2FE5078FFBFE21B8154FAEFD971607C" box="[1051,1151,1340,1365]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" precision="555" value="-77.6">77.60°W</geoCoordinate>
in Octavia Bay,
<collectingCountry id="CFDD762FFFBFE21B8076FAEFD896607C" box="[1337,1432,1340,1365]" name="Ecuador" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
, from
<geoCoordinate id="D2FE5078FFBFE21B859BFAB3DC1C6051" box="[212,274,1376,1400]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" precision="5555" value="-0.1">0.1°S</geoCoordinate>
to
<geoCoordinate id="D2FE5078FFBFE21B847BFA8CDC7C6051" box="[308,370,1375,1400]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" precision="5555" value="-1.5">1.5°S</geoCoordinate>
in
<collectingRegion id="750EF85DFFBFE21B84DAFA8CDF056051" box="[405,523,1375,1400]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Galápagos</collectingRegion>
Archipelago, at
<geoCoordinate id="D2FE5078FFBFE21B878BFAB3DE1E6051" box="[708,784,1376,1400]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" precision="555" value="-2.19">2.19°S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="D2FE5078FFBFE21B8659FAB3DE756051" box="[790,891,1376,1400]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" precision="555" value="-80.9">80.90°W</geoCoordinate>
in
<collectingCountry id="CFDD762FFFBFE21B86D1FAB3D92D6051" box="[926,1059,1375,1400]" name="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
<collectingRegion id="750EF85DFFBFE21B86D1FAB3D92D6051" box="[926,1059,1375,1400]" country="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha" name="Saint Helena" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Santa Elena</collectingRegion>
</collectingCountry>
Bay,
<collectingCountry id="CFDD762FFFBFE21B812DFA8CD9AF6051" box="[1122,1185,1375,1400]" name="Chile" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Chile</collectingCountry>
, from
<geoCoordinate id="D2FE5078FFBFE21B81A6FA8CD84C6051" box="[1257,1346,1375,1400]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" precision="555" value="-41.65">41.65°S</geoCoordinate>
to 52°S (Hartlaub 1905 p. 595; Fraser 1938a, 1938b, 1939, 1948; Leloup 1974 p. 8; Calder
<emphasis id="85BEEAADFFBFE21B8119FA56D99E60B4" box="[1110,1168,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">et al.</emphasis>
2003); Atlantic Ocean,
<collectingCountry id="CFDD762FFFBFE21B85D8FA74DC0660E9" box="[151,264,1447,1472]" name="Colombia" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Colombia</collectingCountry>
, at
<geoCoordinate id="D2FE5078FFBFE21B847DFA74DC8160E9" box="[306,399,1447,1472]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" precision="555" value="11.35">11.35°N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="D2FE5078FFBFE21B84D7FA7BDCF260E9" box="[408,508,1448,1472]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" precision="555" value="-74.27">74.27°W</geoCoordinate>
in Santa Marta,
<collectingCountry id="CFDD762FFFBFE21B87F3FA74DE0E60E9" box="[700,768,1447,1472]" name="Brazil" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Brazil</collectingCountry>
to
<collectingCountry id="CFDD762FFFBFE21B8667FA74DE9460E9" box="[808,922,1447,1472]" name="Argentina" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Argentina</collectingCountry>
, at
<geoCoordinate id="D2FE5078FFBFE21B868BFA74D90160E9" box="[964,1039,1447,1472]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" precision="555" value="-3.54">3.54°S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="D2FE5078FFBFE21B8157FA7BD96160E9" box="[1048,1135,1448,1472]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" precision="5555" value="-38.8">38.8°W</geoCoordinate>
, from
<geoCoordinate id="D2FE5078FFBFE21B81F4FA74D81A60E9" box="[1211,1300,1447,1472]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" precision="555" value="-18.5">18.50°S</geoCoordinate>
to
<geoCoordinate id="D2FE5078FFBFE21B8074FA74D89660E9" box="[1339,1432,1447,1472]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" precision="555" value="-27.5">27.50°S</geoCoordinate>
, from 30ºS to 54°S (Vervoort 1972; Blanco 1976a, 1994a; Bandel &amp; Wedler 1987; El Beshbeeshy 1991, 2011; Blanco 1994; Blanco
<emphasis id="85BEEAADFFBFE21B84C2FA22DCC86321" box="[397,454,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">et al.</emphasis>
1994; Genzano &amp; Zamponi 1997, 2003; Grohmann 1997, 2006; Grohmann
<emphasis id="85BEEAADFFBFE21B8053FA22D85B6321" box="[1308,1365,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">et al.</emphasis>
1997, 2003; Nogueira
<emphasis id="85BEEAADFFBFE21B8403F9C6DC8B6304" box="[332,389,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">et al.</emphasis>
1997; Genzano
<emphasis id="85BEEAADFFBFE21B8773F9C6DF7A6304" box="[572,628,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">et al.</emphasis>
2002, 2009a; Migotto
<emphasis id="85BEEAADFFBFE21B863AF9C6DEA36304" box="[885,941,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">et al.</emphasis>
2002, 2004; Seo 2003;
<taxonomicName id="70CA4D3CFFBFE21B81F7F9C7D8196304" box="[1208,1303,1556,1581]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Rhodaliidae" genus="Rhodalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="82" pageNumber="176" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="miranda">
<collectingRegion id="750EF85DFFBFE21B81F7F9C7D8196304" box="[1208,1303,1556,1581]" country="Venezuela" name="Miranda" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Miranda</collectingRegion>
</taxonomicName>
&amp; Marques 2006, abstract; Fernanadez
<emphasis id="85BEEAADFFBFE21B8484F9EADCF26379" box="[459,508,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">et al</emphasis>
. 2015).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B77536BFFFBFE21B8588F98FD9D563C9" blockId="82.[151,1436,980,1760]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
Habitat: polyp—species with a wide bathymetric range (Peña Cantero
<emphasis id="85BEEAADFFBFE21B8685F98ED90E635C" box="[970,1024,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">et al.</emphasis>
, 1998), up to
<quantity id="70329B5AFFBFE21B81D8F98FD9D8635C" box="[1175,1238,1628,1653]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.2" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" unit="m" value="520.0">520m</quantity>
depth, on fouling, bryozoans, gastropods, polychaete tubes and usually on other hydroid colonies (Fraser 1938a, 1938b; Vervoort 1972; Leloup 1974 p. 8; Blanco 1976a, 1994a; Bandel &amp; Wedler 1987; El Beshbeeshy 1991, 2011; Blanco 1994; Blanco
<emphasis id="85BEEAADFFBFE21B85D8F91ADDC163C9" box="[151,207,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">et al.</emphasis>
1994; Genzano
<emphasis id="85BEEAADFFBFE21B84C8F91ADCB163C9" box="[391,447,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">et al.</emphasis>
2002; Calder
<emphasis id="85BEEAADFFBFE21B8711F91ADF9963C9" box="[606,663,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">et al.</emphasis>
2003; Migotto
<emphasis id="85BEEAADFFBFE21B860AF91ADE7063C9" box="[837,894,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">et al.</emphasis>
2004; Fernanadez
<emphasis id="85BEEAADFFBFE21B811CF91AD98A63C9" box="[1107,1156,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">et al</emphasis>
. 2015).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>