590 lines
77 KiB
XML
590 lines
77 KiB
XML
<document id="5D9C4CFE9D9DB188C7E8B2F0ACC3B4AD" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.195971" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e3eee8e4-bbb7-478c-a86b-55b36c3ec399" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="195971" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460236379633" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Prena, Jens" docDate="2010" docId="1A672222FFF2C268FF75190FFBACFABE" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02507p036.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2507" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Peridinetus Schonherr" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="5" masterDocId="E65E5A5AFFF0C26DFFE21D6DFF87FB2C" masterDocTitle="The Middle American species of Peridinetus Schönherr (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Baridinae)" masterLastPageNumber="36" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="3" updateTime="1698239686841" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="A6F66A2374BD5B065999EEF03664B08A">The Middle American species of Peridinetus Schönherr (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Baridinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="72AF48F3B7142EA60EEF2A74CE384A5D">Prena, Jens</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="531B5930557255CAD4E1E641CF75B2AC">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="69E7E3A1AC96B3DFCEBBD8B01D3A0429">
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<mods:date id="E5E36FAE3B4D939284B571422645B78A">2010</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="FDB09FC60C9EFD7BE9105438E994AC8A">2507</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="9B936426DB38E9154F30DEAB74F8356E" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.195971</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="E31EA5A54E96ECBD42722565C58825C9" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="50BF9359C1DFB431253245D204E1E4BB" type="Zenodo-Dep">195971</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="1A672222FFF2C268FF75190FFBACFABE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6208875" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119388324" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6208875" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1A672222FFF2C268FF75190FFBACFABE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1A672222FFF2C268FF75190FFBACFABE" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<subSubSection id="DAD4C0BFFFF2C26FFF75190FFE2BFF50" box="[151,428,1122,1148]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="92719334FFF2C26FFF75190FFE2BFF50" blockId="2.[151,428,1122,1148]" box="[151,428,1122,1148]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<heading id="C9392458FFF2C26FFF75190FFE2BFF50" bold="true" box="[151,428,1122,1148]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="55CEE8B7FFF2C26FFF75190FFE2BFF50" ID-CoL="8HP8J" authority="Schonherr" authorityName="Schonherr" box="[151,428,1122,1148]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Peridinetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="A0BA4F26FFF2C26FFF75190FFE2BFF50" bold="true" box="[151,428,1122,1148]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<emphasis id="A0BA4F26FFF2C26FFF75190FFEA5FF50" bold="true" box="[151,290,1122,1148]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Peridinetus</emphasis>
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Schönherr
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</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="DAD4C0BFFFF2C26FFF7519C7FDE3FFCD" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="92719334FFF2C26FFF7519C7FA9BFFED" blockId="2.[151,1436,1194,1569]" box="[151,1308,1194,1217]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="B2DEB41AFFF2C26FFF7519C7FA9BFFED" box="[151,1308,1194,1217]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<taxonomicName id="55CEE8B7FFF2C26FFF7519C7FD87FFED" ID-CoL="8HP8J" authority="Schonherr, 1837: 467" authorityName="Schonherr" authorityPageNumber="467" authorityYear="1837" box="[151,512,1194,1217]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Peridinetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="A0BA4F26FFF2C26FFF7519C7FE95FFED" box="[151,274,1194,1217]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Peridinetus</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="136FB525FFF2C26FFEFA19C7FD87FFED" author="Schonherr" box="[280,512,1194,1217]" page="467" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" year="1837">
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<bibRefCitation id="F65FEEC5FFF2C26FFEFA19C7FE4CFFED" author="Schonherr" box="[280,459,1194,1217]" pageId="2" pageNumber="36" refString="Schonherr, C. J. (1837) Genera et species curculionidum cum synonymia hujus familiae, Vol. 4 (1), Roret, Paris; Fleischer, Leipzig, 600 pp." type="book" year="1837">Schönherr, 1837</bibRefCitation>
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: 467
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
.
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||
<typeStatus id="4D752D96FFF2C26FFDE919C7FDC7FFED" box="[523,576,1194,1217]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName id="55CEE8B7FFF2C26FFD4319C7FB93FFED" ID-CoL="6C3C7" authority="Fabricius, 1787" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1787" box="[673,1044,1194,1217]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Curculio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="irroratus">
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<emphasis id="A0BA4F26FFF2C26FFD4319C7FCE3FFED" box="[673,868,1194,1217]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Curculio irroratus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="F65FEEC5FFF2C26FFC8E19C7FB93FFED" author="Fabricius" box="[876,1044,1194,1217]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" refString="Fabricius, J. C. (1787) Mantissa insectorum sistens eorum species nuper detectas adiectis characteribus genericis, differentiis specificis, emendationibus, observationibus. Tom 1. Proft, Hafniae. xx + 348 pp." type="book" year="1787">Fabricius, 1787</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
, by original designation.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="92719334FFF2C26FFF7519A7FDE3FFCD" blockId="2.[151,1436,1194,1569]" box="[151,612,1226,1249]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<emphasis id="A0BA4F26FFF2C26FFF7519A7FE91FFCD" box="[151,278,1226,1249]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Peredinetus</emphasis>
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[lapsus].
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<bibRefCitation id="F65FEEC5FFF2C26FFE9F19A7FDE6FFCD" author="Chevrolat" box="[381,609,1226,1249]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" refString="Chevrolat, A. (1880) [Description de trois Curculionides nouveaux de la Guadeloupe]. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France, 1880 (3), 37 - 38." type="journal article" year="1880">Chevrolat (1880: 38)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="DAD4C0BFFFF2C26FFF751987FDEFFE0D" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="92719334FFF2C26FFF751987FCA9FE2D" blockId="2.[151,1436,1194,1569]" box="[151,814,1258,1281]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<emphasis id="A0BA4F26FFF2C26FFF751987FE90FE2D" box="[151,279,1258,1281]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Peridenetus</emphasis>
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||
[lapsus].
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<bibRefCitation id="F65FEEC5FFF2C26FFE9C1987FDC4FE2D" author="Fiedler" box="[382,579,1258,1281]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" refString="Fiedler, C. (1932) Die Rußlergattung Macromerus (Cryptorrhynchini) (Col. Curcul.). Eine monographische Studie. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 1932 (1), 36 - 88." type="journal article" year="1932">Fiedler (1932: 83)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="F65FEEC5FFF2C26FFDAC1987FCADFE2D" author="Hustache" box="[590,810,1258,1281]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" refString="Hustache, A. (1949) Nouveaux Barinae Sud Americains. Premiere partie - Ambatini, Peridinetini, Pantotelini, Cyrionichyna [sic] et Optanini [sic]. Boletim do Museu Nacional, Nova Serie Zoologia, 95, 1 - 55." type="journal article" year="1949">Hustache (1949: 13)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="92719334FFF2C26FFF751867FDEFFE0D" blockId="2.[151,1436,1194,1569]" box="[151,616,1290,1313]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<emphasis id="A0BA4F26FFF2C26FFF751867FEA7FE0D" box="[151,288,1290,1313]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Peridinetuus</emphasis>
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[lapsus].
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||
<bibRefCitation id="F65FEEC5FFF2C26FFE651867FDE3FE0D" author="Hustache" box="[391,612,1290,1313]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" refString="Hustache, A. (1949) Nouveaux Barinae Sud Americains. Premiere partie - Ambatini, Peridinetini, Pantotelini, Cyrionichyna [sic] et Optanini [sic]. Boletim do Museu Nacional, Nova Serie Zoologia, 95, 1 - 55." type="journal article" year="1949">Hustache (1949: 17)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DAD4C0BFFFF2C26FFF751847FD0CFD0D" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="92719334FFF2C26FFF751847FC52FE4D" blockId="2.[151,1436,1194,1569]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="B2DEB41AFFF2C26FFF751847FC52FE4D" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="55CEE8B7FFF2C26FFF751847FD96FE6D" authority="Schonherr, 1843: 331" authorityName="Schonherr" authorityPageNumber="331" authorityYear="1843" box="[151,529,1322,1345]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Ephimerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="A0BA4F26FFF2C26FFF751847FE8CFE6D" box="[151,267,1322,1345]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ephimerus</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="136FB525FFF2C26FFEFB1847FD96FE6D" author="Schonherr" box="[281,529,1322,1345]" page="331" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" year="1843">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F65FEEC5FFF2C26FFEFB1847FE53FE6D" author="Schonherr" box="[281,468,1322,1345]" pageId="2" pageNumber="36" refString="Schonherr, C. J. (1843) Genera et species curculionidum cum synonymia hujus familiae, Vol. 7 (2), Roret, Paris; Fleischer, Leipzig, 453 pp." type="book" year="1843">Schönherr, 1843</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 331
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
.
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||
<typeStatus id="4D752D96FFF2C26FFDC11847FDDFFE6D" box="[547,600,1322,1345]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
species:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="55CEE8B7FFF2C26FFD2B1847FB05FE6D" ID-CoL="8J46V" authority="Boheman, 1843" authorityName="Boheman" authorityYear="1843" box="[713,1154,1322,1345]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Ephimerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sexguttatus">
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||
<emphasis id="A0BA4F26FFF2C26FFD2B1847FC43FE6D" box="[713,964,1322,1345]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ephimerus sexguttatus</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="F65FEEC5FFF2C26FFC301847FB05FE6D" author="Boheman" box="[978,1154,1322,1345]" pageId="2" pageNumber="34" refString="Boheman, C. H. (1843) In: Schonherr, C. J. (1843), q. v." type="book chapter" year="1843">Boheman, 1843</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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(=
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<taxonomicName id="55CEE8B7FFF2C26FFB5A1847FEF7FE4D" ID-CoL="8J2D5" authority="Fabricius, 1775" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1775" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Curculio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sexguttatus">
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<emphasis id="A0BA4F26FFF2C26FFB5A1847FA1BFE6D" box="[1208,1436,1322,1345]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Curculio sexguttatus</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="F65FEEC5FFF2C26FFF251827FEF7FE4D" author="Fabricius" box="[199,368,1354,1377]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" refString="Fabricius, J. C. (1775) Systema entomologiae, sistens insectorum classes, ordines, genera, species, adiectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, observationibus. Korte, Flensburgi et Lipsiae, xxx + 832 pp." type="book" year="1775">Fabricius, 1775</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
), by original designation.
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||
<treatmentCitation id="136FB525FFF2C26FFD641827FCC0FE4D" author="Prena" box="[646,839,1354,1377]" page="54" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" year="2009">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F65FEEC5FFF2C26FFD641827FCC0FE4D" author="Prena" box="[646,839,1354,1377]" pageId="2" pageNumber="36" refString="Prena, J. (2009 b) The West Indian Peridinetini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Baridinae). Zootaxa, 2210, 51 - 64." type="journal article" year="2009" yearSuffix="b">Prena (2009b: 54)</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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[synonymy].
|
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="92719334FFF2C26FFF751807FEB3FECD" blockId="2.[151,1436,1194,1569]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="A0BA4F26FFF2C26FFF751807FEA6FEAD" box="[151,289,1386,1409]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Phelambates</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F65FEEC5FFF2C26FFECE1807FE29FEAD" author="Jekel" box="[300,430,1386,1409]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" refString="Jekel, H. (1883) Notes sur le travail de M. Chevrolat concernant les Peridinetus. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique, 26 [1882], 84 - 86." type="journal article" year="1883">Jekel, 1883</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 84.
|
||
<typeStatus id="4D752D96FFF2C26FFE081807FD98FEAD" box="[490,543,1386,1409]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
species:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="55CEE8B7FFF2C26FFD691807FBF5FEAD" ID-CoL="76TYF" authority="Chevrolat, 1883" authorityName="Chevrolat" authorityYear="1883" box="[651,1138,1386,1409]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Peridinetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanguinolentus">
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||
<emphasis id="A0BA4F26FFF2C26FFD691807FC34FEAD" box="[651,947,1386,1409]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Peridinetus sanguinolentus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F65FEEC5FFF2C26FFC5D1807FBF5FEAD" author="Chevrolat" box="[959,1138,1386,1409]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" refString="Chevrolat, A. (1883) Essai monographique du genre Peridinetus de Schoenherr. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique, 26 [1882], 79 - 83." type="journal article" year="1883">Chevrolat, 1883</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
, by indication.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F65FEEC5FFF2C26FFAC71807FEEFFE8D" author="Wibmer" pageId="2" pageNumber="36" refString="Wibmer, G. J. & O'Brien, C. W. (1986) Annotated checklist of the weevils (Curculionidae sensu lato) of South America (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 39, i - xvi, 1 - 563." type="journal article" year="1986">Wibmer & O’Brien (1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 279) [implied synonymy with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="55CEE8B7FFF2C26FFD5F18E7FCBFFE8D" ID-CoL="8HP8J" box="[701,824,1418,1441]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Peridinetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A0BA4F26FFF2C26FFD5F18E7FCBFFE8D" box="[701,824,1418,1441]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Peridinetus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on placement of
|
||
<typeStatus id="4D752D96FFF2C26FFBD918E7FBEEFE8D" box="[1083,1129,1418,1441]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F65FEEC5FFF2C26FFB0018E7FA1FFE8D" author="Hustache" box="[1250,1432,1418,1441]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" refString="Hustache, A. (1938) Pars 163: Curculionidae: Barinae. In: Junk, W. & Schenkling, S. (eds.) Coleopterorum Catalogus. ' s-Gravenhage, 219 pp." type="book" year="1938">Hustache (1938)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; however,
|
||
<emphasis id="A0BA4F26FFF2C26FFED218C7FE3DFEED" box="[304,442,1450,1473]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Phelambates</emphasis>
|
||
was overlooked therein],
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F65FEEC5FFF2C26FFD3118C7FBE4FEED" author="Alonso-Zarazaga" box="[723,1123,1450,1473]" pageId="2" pageNumber="34" refString="Alonso-Zarazaga, M. A. & Lyal, H. C. (1999) A world catalogue of families and genera of Curculionoidea (Insecta: Coleoptera) (Excepting Scolytidae and Platypodidae). Entomopraxis, S. C. P., 315 pp." type="book" year="1999">Alonso-Zarazaga & Lyal (1999: 103)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
[synonymy with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="55CEE8B7FFF2C26FFAC318C7FA1BFEED" ID-CoL="8HP8J" box="[1313,1436,1450,1473]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Peridinetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A0BA4F26FFF2C26FFAC318C7FA1BFEED" box="[1313,1436,1450,1473]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Peridinetus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
accepted].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="92719334FFF2C26FFF751887FA10FD2E" blockId="2.[151,1436,1194,1569]" box="[151,1431,1514,1538]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="B2DEB41AFFF2C26FFF751887FA10FD2E" box="[151,1431,1514,1538]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="55CEE8B7FFF2C26FFF751887FE39FD2D" ID-CoL="8HGNV" authority="Casey, 1922: 9" authorityName="Casey" authorityPageNumber="9" authorityYear="1922" box="[151,446,1514,1537]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Conophoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A0BA4F26FFF2C26FFF751887FE9FFD2D" box="[151,280,1514,1537]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Conophoria</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="136FB525FFF2C26FFEFC1887FE39FD2D" author="Casey" box="[286,446,1514,1537]" page="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" year="1922">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F65FEEC5FFF2C26FFEFC1887FE23FD2D" author="Casey" box="[286,420,1514,1537]" pageId="2" pageNumber="34" refString="Casey, T. L. (1922) Studies in the Rhynchophorous subfamily Barinae of the Brazilian fauna. Memoirs on the Coleoptera, 10, 1 - 520." type="journal article" year="1922">Casey, 1922</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 9
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="4D752D96FFF2C26FFE2B1887FE79FD2D" box="[457,510,1514,1537]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
species:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="55CEE8B7FFF2C26FFD821887FC50FD2D" ID-CoL="76SCX" authority="Pascoe 1880" authorityName="Pascoe" authorityYear="1880" box="[608,983,1514,1537]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Peridinetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="distinctus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A0BA4F26FFF2C26FFD821887FCC0FD2D" box="[608,839,1514,1537]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Peridinetus distinctus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F65FEEC5FFF2C26FFCAC1887FC50FD2D" author="Pascoe" box="[846,983,1514,1537]" pageId="2" pageNumber="36" refString="Pascoe, F. P. (1880) New Neotropical Curculionidae. Part III. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 5, 6, 176 - 184." type="journal article" year="1880">Pascoe 1880</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, by original designation.
|
||
<emphasis id="A0BA4F26FFF2C26FFB061887FA10FD2E" bold="true" box="[1252,1431,1514,1538]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">New synonymy.</emphasis>
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="92719334FFF2C26FFF751B67FD0CFD0D" blockId="2.[151,1436,1194,1569]" box="[151,651,1546,1569]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="B2DEB41AFFF2C26FFF751B67FD0CFD0D" box="[151,651,1546,1569]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="55CEE8B7FFF2C26FFF751B67FE2AFD0D" ID-CoL="8HP8J" authority="(Conophoria)" baseAuthorityName="Conophoria" box="[151,429,1546,1569]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Peridinetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A0BA4F26FFF2C26FFF751B67FE95FD0D" box="[151,274,1546,1569]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Peridinetus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="A0BA4F26FFF2C26FFEC31B67FE25FD0D" box="[289,418,1546,1569]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Conophoria</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="136FB525FFF2C26FFE5A1B67FD00FD0D" author="Hustache" box="[440,647,1546,1569]" page="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" year="1938">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F65FEEC5FFF2C26FFE5A1B67FD00FD0D" author="Hustache" box="[440,647,1546,1569]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" refString="Hustache, A. (1938) Pars 163: Curculionidae: Barinae. In: Junk, W. & Schenkling, S. (eds.) Coleopterorum Catalogus. ' s-Gravenhage, 219 pp." type="book" year="1938">Hustache (1938: 8)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DAD4C0BFFFF2C26EFF751B22FBE1FBD0" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="92719334FFF2C26EFF751B22FBE1FBD0" blockId="2.[151,1437,1615,2015]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1436,152,252]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="A0BA4F26FFF2C26FFF751B22FE90FD45" bold="true" box="[151,279,1615,1641]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="55CEE8B7FFF2C26FFEFC1B3DFE22FD45" box="[286,421,1616,1641]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Peridinetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A0BA4F26FFF2C26FFEFC1B3DFE22FD45" box="[286,421,1616,1641]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Peridinetus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
belongs to a moderately diverse group (ca. 400 species) of predominantly Neotropical weevils, which have a ventral tooth on at least the meso- and metafemora and the pygidium covered by the elytra. This group includes several described and undescribed genera with a distinct prosternal channel and separate procoxae. In Middle
|
||
<collectingCountry id="EAD9D3A4FFF2C26FFE1A1BADFDE7FDF6" box="[504,608,1728,1754]" name="United States of America" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="55CEE8B7FFF2C26FFD8E1BADFD74FDF5" box="[620,755,1728,1753]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Peridinetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A0BA4F26FFF2C26FFD8E1BADFD74FDF5" box="[620,755,1728,1753]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Peridinetus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
includes all species with this
|
||
<typeStatus id="4D752D96FFF2C26FFBBA1BADFB0CFDF6" box="[1112,1163,1728,1754]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of prosternum, basally subconnate claws and a rather thick, cylindrical rostrum, which generally is wider than the frons. The body shape varies from ovate to subtriangular (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0AF58FB1FFF2C26FFD761A67FC9DFC08" box="[660,794,1802,1828]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 9 – 16" captionStart-1="FIGURES 17 – 24" captionStart-2="FIGURES 25 – 32" captionStart-3="FIGURES 33 – 40" captionStartId-0="9.[151,269,1698,1722]" captionStartId-1="12.[151,273,1657,1681]" captionStartId-2="18.[151,269,1801,1825]" captionStartId-3="23.[151,269,1913,1937]" captionTargetBox-0="[264,1322,197,1677]" captionTargetBox-1="[264,1322,194,1635]" captionTargetBox-2="[264,1323,296,1787]" captionTargetBox-3="[264,1322,418,1892]" captionTargetId-0="figure@9.[264,1323,197,1677]" captionTargetId-1="figure@12.[264,1323,194,1635]" captionTargetId-2="figure@18.[264,1323,296,1787]" captionTargetId-3="figure@23.[264,1323,418,1892]" captionTargetPageId-0="9" captionTargetPageId-1="12" captionTargetPageId-2="18" captionTargetPageId-3="23" captionText-0="FIGURES 9 – 16. Dorsal and lateral habitus of Peridinetellus and Peridinetus species. 9 – 10, Peridinetellus subglaber, La Selva (Costa Rica); 11 – 12, Peridinetus melastomae, Monteverde (Costa Rica); 13 – 14, P. notabilis, Guanacaste N. P. (Costa Rica); 15 – 16, P. p i c t u s, Río Tuquesa (Panamá)." captionText-1="FIGURES 17 – 24. Dorsal and lateral habitus of Peridinetus species. 17 – 18, P. ca n u s, Volcán (Panamá); 19 – 20, P. rubens, Cerro Campana (Panamá); 21 – 22, P. cretaceus, Turrialba (Costa Rica); 23 – 24, P. distinctus, Columbia Forest (Belize)." captionText-2="FIGURES 25 – 32. Dorsal and lateral habitus of Peridinetus species. 25 – 26, P. costatus, Los Tuxtlas (Mexico); 27 – 28, P. odone, Monteverde (Costa Rica); 29 – 30, P. irroratus, Refugio Bartola (Nicaragua); 31 – 32, P. imperialis, Cerro Campana (Panamá)." captionText-3="FIGURES 33 – 40. Dorsal and lateral habitus of Peridinetus species. 33 – 34, P. wyandoti, Vara Blanca (Costa Rica); 35 – 36, P. illabes, La Fortuna (Panamá); 37 – 38, P. la etu s, La Selva (Costa Rica); 39 – 40, P. p e n a, La Selva (Costa Rica)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/195974/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/195975/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/195976/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/195977/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 11–40</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="0AF58FB1FFF2C26FFCCA1A67FCF1FC08" box="[808,886,1802,1828]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 46 – 49" captionStart-1="FIGURES 50 – 57" captionStart-2="FIGURES 58 – 65" captionStartId-0="26.[151,269,1719,1743]" captionStartId-1="28.[151,271,1735,1759]" captionStartId-2="30.[151,273,1904,1928]" captionTargetBox-0="[264,1323,941,1698]" captionTargetBox-1="[264,1323,255,1724]" captionTargetBox-2="[264,1322,381,1881]" captionTargetId-0="figure@26.[264,1323,941,1698]" captionTargetId-1="figure@28.[264,1323,255,1726]" captionTargetId-2="figure@30.[264,1323,381,1883]" captionTargetPageId-0="26" captionTargetPageId-1="28" captionTargetPageId-2="30" captionText-0="FIGURES 46 – 49. Dorsal and lateral habitus of Peridinetus species. 46 – 47, P. coccineifrons, La Selva (Costa Rica); 48 – 49, P. rufotorquatus, La Selva (Costa Rica)." captionText-1="FIGURES 50 – 57. Dorsal and lateral habitus of Peridinetus species. 50 – 51, P. stigmatipleura, San Isidro del General (Costa Rica); 52 – 53, P. lugubris, Monteverde (Costa Rica); 54 – 55, P. lateralis, Cerro Zurquí (Costa Rica); 56 – 57, P. collaris, Cusuco N. P. (Honduras)." captionText-2="FIGURES 58 – 65. Dorsal and lateral habitus of Peridinetus species. 58 – 59, P. ecuadoricus, Maquipucuna Reserve (Ecuador); 60 – 61, P. frontalis, Paraiso, C. Z. (Panamá); 62 – 63, P. opacus, Cerro Zurquí (Costa Rica); 64 – 65, P. nodicollis, Portobelo (Panamá)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/195979/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/195980/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/195981/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">46–65</figureCitation>
|
||
) and the total length from
|
||
<quantity id="55363ED1FFF2C26FFB5F1A67FAE5FC08" box="[1213,1378,1802,1828]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="11.5" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="7.0" valueMax="11.5" valueMin="2.5">2.5–11.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
. The closely related genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="55CEE8B7FFF2C26FFE7D1A5DFDFFFC66" authority="Prena" authorityName="Prena" box="[415,632,1840,1866]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Palliolatrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A0BA4F26FFF2C26FFE7D1A5DFDACFC65" box="[415,555,1840,1865]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Palliolatrix</emphasis>
|
||
Prena
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs in having the eyes smaller and more widely separated, the rostrum less cylindrical, the antenna inserted more distally on the rostrum and the scrobes more descending. The male genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="55CEE8B7FFF2C26FFE441A16FDB4FCB8" box="[422,563,1915,1940]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Peridinetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A0BA4F26FFF2C26FFE441A16FDB4FCB8" box="[422,563,1915,1940]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Peridinetus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species are remarkably uniform, with the body of the aedeagus almost square and the internal sac long (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0AF58FB1FFF2C26FFDFE1ACDFDE2FC96" box="[540,613,1952,1978]" captionStart="FIGURES 4 – 8" captionStartId="8.[151,272,1910,1934]" captionTargetBox="[279,1301,224,1852]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[240,1342,194,1891]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 4 – 8. Male terminalia of P. ecuadoricus, Matagalpa (Nicaragua). 4 – 5, aedeagus, dorsal and lateral view, internal sac everted. 6, sternite 8, ventral view, with modified seta (not to scale). 7, sternite 9, dorsal view. 8, tegmen, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195973/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). The distal part of the duct is a relatively short, sclerotized tube (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0AF58FB1FFF2C26FFA8E1ACDFF2FFCF3" captionStart="FIGURES 4 – 8" captionStartId="8.[151,272,1910,1934]" captionTargetBox="[279,1301,224,1852]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[240,1342,194,1891]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 4 – 8. Male terminalia of P. ecuadoricus, Matagalpa (Nicaragua). 4 – 5, aedeagus, dorsal and lateral view, internal sac everted. 6, sternite 8, ventral view, with modified seta (not to scale). 7, sternite 9, dorsal view. 8, tegmen, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195973/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
), whereas it is flagelliform and much longer in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="55CEE8B7FFF2C26FFD1D1AA8FC08FCF2" box="[767,911,1989,2014]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Palliolatrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A0BA4F26FFF2C26FFD1D1AA8FC08FCF2" box="[767,911,1989,2014]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Palliolatrix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="55CEE8B7FFF2C26FFC421AA8FAD3FCF3" authority="Champion" authorityName="Champion" box="[928,1364,1989,2015]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Peridinetellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subnudus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A0BA4F26FFF2C26FFC421AA8FB4BFCF2" box="[928,1228,1989,2014]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Peridinetellus subnudus</emphasis>
|
||
Champion
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a glabrous surface, subcylindrical prothorax (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0AF58FB1FFF3C26EFD7A1DF5FD58FB9E" box="[664,735,152,178]" captionStart="FIGURES 9 – 16" captionStartId="9.[151,269,1698,1722]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,197,1677]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[264,1323,197,1677]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 9 – 16. Dorsal and lateral habitus of Peridinetellus and Peridinetus species. 9 – 10, Peridinetellus subglaber, La Selva (Costa Rica); 11 – 12, Peridinetus melastomae, Monteverde (Costa Rica); 13 – 14, P. notabilis, Guanacaste N. P. (Costa Rica); 15 – 16, P. p i c t u s, Río Tuquesa (Panamá)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195974/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
) and slightly more elongate aedeagus, but otherwise seems to share with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="55CEE8B7FFF3C26EFEDE1DD0FE40FBFA" box="[316,455,189,214]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Peridinetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A0BA4F26FFF3C26EFEDE1DD0FE40FBFA" box="[316,455,189,214]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Peridinetus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
most morphological character states; the validity of this generic name should be reassessed in connection with an undescribed Ecuadorian species near
|
||
<taxonomicName id="55CEE8B7FFF3C26EFC361D8FFBE7FBD7" box="[980,1120,226,251]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Peridinetellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subnudus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A0BA4F26FFF3C26EFC361D8FFBE7FBD7" box="[980,1120,226,251]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">P. subnudus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="C6B1C3BCFFF3C26EFF751B7BFF48FD41" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195972/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" targetBox="[264,1322,306,1536]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="92719334FFF3C26EFF751B7BFF48FD41" blockId="3.[151,1436,1558,1645]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="A0BA4F26FFF3C26EFF751B7BFEE4FD02" bold="true" box="[151,355,1558,1582]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">FIGURES 1–3. 1,</emphasis>
|
||
Leaf of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="55CEE8B7FFF3C26EFE201B7AFDDBFD02" box="[450,604,1559,1582]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Piperaceae" genus="Piper" kingdom="Plantae" order="Piperales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="auritum">
|
||
<emphasis id="A0BA4F26FFF3C26EFE201B7AFDDBFD02" box="[450,604,1559,1582]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Piper auritum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="55CEE8B7FFF3C26EFD7F1B7AFC27FD02" box="[669,928,1559,1582]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Perdinetus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ecuadoricus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A0BA4F26FFF3C26EFD7F1B7AFC27FD02" box="[669,928,1559,1582]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Perdinetus ecuadoricus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
resting in self-made hole.
|
||
<emphasis id="A0BA4F26FFF3C26EFB251B7BFB71FD02" bold="true" box="[1223,1270,1558,1582]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">2–3,</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="55CEE8B7FFF3C26EFB1D1B7AFAF1FD02" box="[1279,1398,1559,1582]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Piperaceae" genus="Peperomia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Piperales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A0BA4F26FFF3C26EFB1D1B7AFAF1FD02" box="[1279,1398,1559,1582]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Peperomia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. prob.
|
||
<emphasis id="A0BA4F26FFF3C26EFF351B5AFEA2FD62" box="[215,293,1591,1614]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">ternata</emphasis>
|
||
with galls induced by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="55CEE8B7FFF3C26EFDFD1B5AFC80FD62" box="[543,775,1591,1614]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Peridinetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wyandoti">
|
||
<emphasis id="A0BA4F26FFF3C26EFDFD1B5AFC80FD62" box="[543,775,1591,1614]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Peridinetus wyandoti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Photos by K. Nishida, taken in Braulio Carrillo N.P., Costa Rica.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DAD4C0BFFFF3C26EFF261BF6FBB3FC0A" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="92719334FFF3C26EFF261BF6FBB3FC0A" blockId="3.[151,1437,1691,2016]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="A0BA4F26FFF3C26EFF261BF6FEE3FD99" bold="true" box="[196,356,1691,1717]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="55CEE8B7FFF3C26EFE0F1BF1FDF3FD99" box="[493,628,1692,1717]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Peridinetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A0BA4F26FFF3C26EFE0F1BF1FDF3FD99" box="[493,628,1692,1717]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Peridinetus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been found in Middle
|
||
<collectingCountry id="EAD9D3A4FFF3C26EFC221BF1FBAFFD9A" box="[960,1064,1692,1718]" name="United States of America" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the immediately adjacent parts of North
|
||
<collectingCountry id="EAD9D3A4FFF3C26EFEE71BACFEECFDF7" box="[261,363,1729,1755]" name="United States of America" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="A0BA4F26FFF3C26EFE9C1BACFE24FDF6" box="[382,419,1729,1754]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">i.e.</emphasis>
|
||
, Veracruz in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="EAD9D3A4FFF3C26EFDA61BACFD26FDF7" box="[580,673,1729,1755]" name="Mexico" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
) and the Greater Antilles. In South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="EAD9D3A4FFF3C26EFBAD1BACFB3EFDF7" box="[1103,1209,1729,1755]" name="United States of America" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
, species have been found south to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="EAD9D3A4FFF3C26EFEA81B8BFE2BFC2C" box="[330,428,1766,1792]" name="Ecuador" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
on the Pacific side and south to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="EAD9D3A4FFF3C26EFCCD1B8BFC02FC2C" box="[815,901,1766,1792]" name="Bolivia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="EAD9D3A4FFF3C26EFC221B8BFB8FFC2C" box="[960,1032,1766,1792]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
on the Atlantic side. They inhabit moderately dry to very moist situations, from sea level up to
|
||
<quantity id="55363ED1FFF3C26EFC831A61FC3DFC0A" box="[865,954,1804,1830]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="m" value="3000.0">3000 m</quantity>
|
||
elevation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DAD4C0BFFFF3C269FF261A5CFB6CFE70" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="92719334FFF3C269FF261A5CFD0CFA40" blockId="3.[151,1437,1691,2016]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,152,2007]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="A0BA4F26FFF3C26EFF261A5CFEADFC67" bold="true" box="[196,298,1841,1867]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Biology.</emphasis>
|
||
Adults usually feed on a more or less broad spectrum of species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="55CEE8B7FFF3C26EFB871A5CFB6CFC67" box="[1125,1259,1841,1867]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Piperaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Piperales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Piperaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, especially the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="55CEE8B7FFF3C26EFF071A3AFEA1FC5C" box="[229,294,1879,1904]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Piperaceae" genus="Piper" kingdom="Plantae" order="Piperales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A0BA4F26FFF3C26EFF071A3AFEA1FC5C" box="[229,294,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Piper</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="55CEE8B7FFF3C26EFE561A3AFD3DFC5C" authority="Casey" authorityName="Casey" box="[436,698,1878,1904]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Perdinetus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ecuadoricus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A0BA4F26FFF3C26EFE561A3AFDE1FC5C" box="[436,614,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">P. ecuadoricus</emphasis>
|
||
Casey
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="55CEE8B7FFF3C26EFD251A3AFC7DFC5C" authority="Champion" authorityName="Champion" box="[711,1018,1878,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Peridinetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melastomae">
|
||
<emphasis id="A0BA4F26FFF3C26EFD251A3AFCF2FC5C" box="[711,885,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">P. melastomae</emphasis>
|
||
Champion
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="55CEE8B7FFF3C26EFBD51A3AFADCFC5C" authority="Rosenschold" authorityName="Rosenschold" box="[1079,1371,1878,1904]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Piperaceae" genus="Piper" kingdom="Plantae" order="Piperales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="zinckeni">
|
||
<emphasis id="A0BA4F26FFF3C26EFBD51A3AFB3EFC5C" box="[1079,1209,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">P. zinckeni</emphasis>
|
||
Rosenschöld
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been found tunneling the stem and petiole of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="55CEE8B7FFF3C26EFD5D1A11FC85FCB9" box="[703,770,1916,1941]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Piperaceae" genus="Piper" kingdom="Plantae" order="Piperales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A0BA4F26FFF3C26EFD5D1A11FC85FCB9" box="[703,770,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Piper</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F65FEEC5FFF3C26EFC901A11FE16FC97" author="Bondar" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" refString="Bondar, G. (1943) Notas entomologicas da Baia. XII. Revista de Entomologia, 14 (1 - 2), 85 - 134." type="journal article" year="1943">Bondar 1943; Stockwell, pers. comm.; Prena, unpubl. observations</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="55CEE8B7FFF3C26EFE461ACCFDF0FC97" authority="Prena" authorityName="Prena" box="[420,631,1953,1979]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Peridinetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wyandoti">
|
||
<emphasis id="A0BA4F26FFF3C26EFE461ACCFDABFC96" box="[420,556,1953,1978]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">P. wyandoti</emphasis>
|
||
Prena
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been reared from the stem and petiole of two
|
||
<taxonomicName id="55CEE8B7FFF3C26EFB221ACCFAB8FC96" box="[1216,1343,1953,1978]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Piperaceae" genus="Peperomia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Piperales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A0BA4F26FFF3C26EFB221ACCFAB8FC96" box="[1216,1343,1953,1978]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Peperomia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species (Branstetter, Nishida, Prena, unpubl. observations). The larvae differ morphologically from those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="55CEE8B7FFF3C26EFAD51AAAFA1BFCCC" box="[1335,1436,1991,2016]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Embates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A0BA4F26FFF3C26EFAD51AAAFA1BFCCC" box="[1335,1436,1991,2016]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Embates</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="55CEE8B7FFF4C269FF2B1DF5FED2FB9D" box="[201,341,152,177]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Pardisomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A0BA4F26FFF4C269FF2B1DF5FED2FB9D" box="[201,341,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Pardisomus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having the anus subterminal and the caudal segments less modified (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F65FEEC5FFF4C269FB481DF5FAC4FB9E" author="Prena" box="[1194,1347,152,178]" pageId="4" pageNumber="36" refString="Prena, J. (2003 b) The Pardisomus species (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Baridinae) from Costa Rica, with descriptions of four new species and one larva. Beitrage zur Entomologie, 53, 193 - 210." type="journal article" year="2003" yearSuffix="b">Prena 2003b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F65FEEC5FFF4C269FAB21DF5FA17FB9E" author="Prena" box="[1360,1424,152,178]" pageId="4" pageNumber="36" refString="Prena, J. (2005) The Middle American species of Embates Chevrolat (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Baridinae). Zootaxa, 1100, 1 - 151." type="journal article" year="2005">2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Their development seems to last one year or longer even for the small species (Nishida, pers. comm.; Prena, unpubl. observations). Pupation takes place inside the plant. The adults can be found throughout the year. As with other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="55CEE8B7FFF4C269FEF51C65FEDFFA0D" box="[279,344,264,289]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Piperaceae" genus="Piper" kingdom="Plantae" order="Piperales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A0BA4F26FFF4C269FEF51C65FEDFFA0D" box="[279,344,264,289]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Piper</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-feeding species in the Ambatini and Cyrionychini, they often rest in holes made in the leafblade (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0AF58FB1FFF4C269FF0B1C40FEA8FA6B" box="[233,303,301,327]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 3. 1" captionStartId="3.[151,271,1558,1582]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,306,1536]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[264,1323,306,1537]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 3. 1, Leaf of Piper auritum with Perdinetus ecuadoricus resting in self-made hole. 2 – 3, Peperomia sp. prob. ternata with galls induced by Peridinetus wyandoti. Photos by K. Nishida, taken in Braulio Carrillo N. P., Costa Rica." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195972/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
), thereby exposing their flank and imitating parts of plants or excrement (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F65FEEC5FFF4C269FB491C40FACCFA6B" author="Bondar" box="[1195,1355,301,327]" pageId="4" pageNumber="34" refString="Bondar, G. (1943) Notas entomologicas da Baia. XII. Revista de Entomologia, 14 (1 - 2), 85 - 134." type="journal article" year="1943">Bondar 1943</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F65FEEC5FFF4C269FABA1C40FA10FA6B" author="Bondar" box="[1368,1431,301,327]" pageId="4" pageNumber="34" refString="Bondar, G. (1949) Notas entomologicas da Baia. XXI. Revista de Entomologia, 20 (1 - 3), 173 - 228." type="journal article" year="1949">1949</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F65FEEC5FFF4C269FF751C3FFEADFA40" author="Jolivet" box="[151,298,338,364]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" refString="Jolivet, P. (1994) Mimetisme comportemental sous les Tropiques. Le bulletin ACOREP, 18, 29 - 35." type="journal article" year="1994">Jolivet 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F65FEEC5FFF4C269FED41C3FFE6FFA40" author="Monteiro" box="[310,488,338,364]" pageId="4" pageNumber="36" refString="Monteiro, R. F. (1998) A special camouflage in the neotropical weevil Peridinetus zinckeni Rosenschold, 1837 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Baridinae). In: Colonnelli, E., Louw, S. & Osella, G. (eds.) Taxonomy, ecology and distribution of Curculionoidea (Coleoptera: Polyphaga), Torino, 217 - 220." type="book chapter" year="1998">Monteiro 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F65FEEC5FFF4C269FE171C3FFDF8FA40" author="Prena" box="[501,639,338,364]" pageId="4" pageNumber="36" refString="Prena, J. (2005) The Middle American species of Embates Chevrolat (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Baridinae). Zootaxa, 1100, 1 - 151." type="journal article" year="2005">Prena 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="92719334FFF4C269FF261C1AFB6CFE70" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,2007]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="A0BA4F26FFF4C269FF261C1AFEFEFABD" bold="true" box="[196,377,375,401]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Color pattern.</emphasis>
|
||
Several species treated herein have amazingly similar color patterns. These are matched not only by unrelated weevils, particularly in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="55CEE8B7FFF4C269FD0F1CF0FCE2FA9B" box="[749,869,413,439]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Baridinae">Baridinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="55CEE8B7FFF4C269FC901CF0FB8CFA9B" box="[882,1035,413,439]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Conoderinae">Conoderinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="55CEE8B7FFF4C269FBAA1CF0FB41FA9B" box="[1096,1222,413,439]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Molytinae">Molytinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but also by flies, bees, ants and various other beetles. For example,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F65FEEC5FFF4C269FD0F1CAFFC5BFAF0" author="Hespenheide" box="[749,988,450,476]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" refString="Hespenheide, H. A. (1973) A novel mimicry complex: Beetles and flies. Journal of Entomology, 48, 49 - 56." type="journal article" year="1973">Hespenheide (1973)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
found insects with red anterior, black median and grey to yellow posterior areas in five families, 21 genera and 60 species north of South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="EAD9D3A4FFF4C269FAD51C85FA1BF92E" box="[1335,1436,488,514]" name="United States of America" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
and more elsewhere (see
|
||
<figureCitation id="0AF58FB1FFF4C269FE281F60FDCAF90B" box="[458,589,525,551]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 25 – 32" captionStart-1="FIGURES 33 – 40" captionStart-2="FIGURES 41 – 45" captionStart-3="FIGURES 46 – 49" captionStartId-0="18.[151,269,1801,1825]" captionStartId-1="23.[151,269,1913,1937]" captionStartId-2="24.[151,269,721,745]" captionStartId-3="26.[151,269,1719,1743]" captionTargetBox-0="[264,1323,296,1787]" captionTargetBox-1="[264,1322,418,1892]" captionTargetBox-2="[264,1322,194,699]" captionTargetBox-3="[264,1323,941,1698]" captionTargetId-0="figure@18.[264,1323,296,1787]" captionTargetId-1="figure@23.[264,1323,418,1892]" captionTargetId-2="figure@24.[264,1323,194,700]" captionTargetId-3="figure@26.[264,1323,941,1698]" captionTargetPageId-0="18" captionTargetPageId-1="23" captionTargetPageId-2="24" captionTargetPageId-3="26" captionText-0="FIGURES 25 – 32. Dorsal and lateral habitus of Peridinetus species. 25 – 26, P. costatus, Los Tuxtlas (Mexico); 27 – 28, P. odone, Monteverde (Costa Rica); 29 – 30, P. irroratus, Refugio Bartola (Nicaragua); 31 – 32, P. imperialis, Cerro Campana (Panamá)." captionText-1="FIGURES 33 – 40. Dorsal and lateral habitus of Peridinetus species. 33 – 34, P. wyandoti, Vara Blanca (Costa Rica); 35 – 36, P. illabes, La Fortuna (Panamá); 37 – 38, P. la etu s, La Selva (Costa Rica); 39 – 40, P. p e n a, La Selva (Costa Rica)." captionText-2="FIGURES 41 – 45. Rostrum of species of the Peridinetus sanguinolentus complex, dorsal view. 41, P. l a e t u s, male; 42, P. laetus, female; 43, P. wyandoti, female; 44, P. illabes, female; 45, P. pena, female." captionText-3="FIGURES 46 – 49. Dorsal and lateral habitus of Peridinetus species. 46 – 47, P. coccineifrons, La Selva (Costa Rica); 48 – 49, P. rufotorquatus, La Selva (Costa Rica)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/195976/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/195977/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/195978/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/195979/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 31–49</figureCitation>
|
||
for species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="55CEE8B7FFF4C269FCE31F60FC0BF90A" box="[769,908,525,550]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Peridinetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A0BA4F26FFF4C269FCE31F60FC0BF90A" box="[769,908,525,550]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Peridinetus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). He considered this a case of mimicry and speculated that certain fast-flying flies served as a model. Several such mimicry complexes have been recognized in the beetle literature (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F65FEEC5FFF4C269FDD61F35FD64F95E" author="Lindsley" box="[564,739,600,626]" pageId="4" pageNumber="36" refString="Lindsley, E. G. (1959) Mimetic form and coloration in the Cerambycidae (Coleoptra). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 52 (2), 125 - 131." type="journal article" year="1959">Lindsley 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F65FEEC5FFF4C269FD121F35FCA9F95E" author="Lindsley" box="[752,814,600,626]" pageId="4" pageNumber="36" refString="Lindsley, E. G. (1961) Lycidlike Cerambycidae (Coleoptera). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 54 (5), 628 - 635." type="journal article" year="1961">1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F65FEEC5FFF4C269FCD91F35FB90F95E" author="Hespenheide" box="[827,1047,600,626]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" refString="Hespenheide, H. A. (1995) Mimicry in the Zygopine (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Washington, 14, 145 - 154." type="journal article" year="1995">Hespenheide 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and numerous examples can be found among the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="55CEE8B7FFF4C269FE881F10FE5AF9BB" box="[362,477,637,663]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Baridinae">Baridinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
associated with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="55CEE8B7FFF4C269FD471F10FCADF9BB" box="[677,810,637,663]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Piperaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Piperales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Piperaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. I concur with Hespenheide that these color patterns are convergent and without phylogenetic value. It is not rare that morphologically similar (and probably closely related) species have developed completely different strategies for predator avoidance. For example, cryptic coloration occurs in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="55CEE8B7FFF4C269FE3C1F80FD6DF82B" authority="Fabricius" authorityName="Fabricius" box="[478,746,749,775]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Curculio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="irroratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A0BA4F26FFF4C269FE3C1F80FDE5F82A" box="[478,610,749,774]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. irroratus</emphasis>
|
||
(Fabricius)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="55CEE8B7FFF4C269FCC01F80FB98F82B" authority="Chevrolat" authorityName="Chevrolat" box="[802,1055,749,775]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Peridinetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frontalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A0BA4F26FFF4C269FCC01F80FC26F82A" box="[802,929,749,774]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. frontalis</emphasis>
|
||
Chevrolat
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, while
|
||
<emphasis id="A0BA4F26FFF4C269FB901F80FA86F82A" box="[1138,1281,749,774]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. i m p e r i a l i s</emphasis>
|
||
Prena and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="55CEE8B7FFF4C269FA641F80FED9F800" authority="Champion" authorityName="Champion" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Peridinetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laetus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A0BA4F26FFF4C269FA641F80FF5AF807" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. laetus</emphasis>
|
||
Champion
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
exhibit bright colors that may deceive or warn potential predators about the weevil’s identity and edibility. However, unlike most
|
||
<taxonomicName id="55CEE8B7FFF4C269FDAE1E55FD60F87E" box="[588,743,824,850]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Conoderinae">Conoderinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="55CEE8B7FFF4C269FD161E55FCF9F87D" box="[756,894,824,849]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Peridinetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A0BA4F26FFF4C269FD161E55FCF9F87D" box="[756,894,824,849]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Peridinetus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species (and other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="55CEE8B7FFF4C269FB8A1E55FB5BF87E" box="[1128,1244,824,850]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Baridinae">Baridinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
associated with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="55CEE8B7FFF4C269FF751E30FE9FF85B" box="[151,280,861,887]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Piperaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Piperales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Piperaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) are relatively unwary; when approached they typically drop to the ground rather than flying away. This behavior does not support well their classification as Batesian mimics of fast-flying insects, as novice predators should soon find out about this resource. On the other hand, the stringent aroma of the consumed host plant may render the weevil unpalatable and this could be signaled by bright colors. Whether or not this is the case and the evolution of convergent color patterns in some
|
||
<taxonomicName id="55CEE8B7FFF4C269FC7F1E9FFBA0FF27" box="[925,1063,1010,1035]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Peridinetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A0BA4F26FFF4C269FC7F1E9FFBA0FF27" box="[925,1063,1010,1035]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Peridinetus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species is driven by Müllerian mimicry, remains speculative. It is also possible that convergent color patterns are the result of convergent crypsis wherein the weevils (and possibly other insects) are imitating some plant part. The phenomenon of similar color patterns in unrelated species (called mimetic homoplasy by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F65FEEC5FFF4C269FBA8190FFAB0FF50" author="Hespenheide" box="[1098,1335,1122,1148]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" refString="Hespenheide, H. A. (2005) Weevils of the genera Archocopturus Heller and Zygopsella Champion, sibling species, and mimetic homplasy (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Conoderinae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 107, 671 - 685." type="journal article" year="2005">Hespenheide 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) can be complicated further by the presence of poorly differentiated species complexes. A good example is the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="55CEE8B7FFF4C269FA6419E5FECAFFEA" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Peridinetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanguinolentus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A0BA4F26FFF4C269FA6419E5FECAFFEA" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. sanguinolentus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species complex, where two synapomorphies (plumose setae in the prosternal channel and presence of a dorsal groove on the female rostrum) indicate a close relationship between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="55CEE8B7FFF4C269FB5419BEFAA6FFC0" box="[1206,1313,1235,1260]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Peridinetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="illabes">
|
||
<emphasis id="A0BA4F26FFF4C269FB5419BEFAA6FFC0" box="[1206,1313,1235,1260]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. illabes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="A0BA4F26FFF4C269FAD319BEFA16FFC0" box="[1329,1425,1235,1260]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. l a e t u s</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="A0BA4F26FFF4C269FF751995FF6CFE3D" box="[151,235,1272,1297]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. p e n a</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="55CEE8B7FFF4C269FF1C1995FE48FE3D" box="[254,463,1272,1297]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Peridinetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanguinolentus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A0BA4F26FFF4C269FF1C1995FE48FE3D" box="[254,463,1272,1297]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. sanguinolentus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="55CEE8B7FFF4C269FDE91995FD12FE3D" box="[523,661,1272,1297]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Peridinetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wyandoti">
|
||
<emphasis id="A0BA4F26FFF4C269FDE91995FD12FE3D" box="[523,661,1272,1297]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. wyandoti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, while the color patterns of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="55CEE8B7FFF4C269FC0A1995FB22FE3D" box="[1000,1189,1272,1297]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Peridinetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coccineifrons">
|
||
<emphasis id="A0BA4F26FFF4C269FC0A1995FB22FE3D" box="[1000,1189,1272,1297]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. coccineifrons</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="55CEE8B7FFF4C269FB561995FACDFE3D" box="[1204,1354,1272,1297]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Peridinetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imperialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A0BA4F26FFF4C269FB561995FACDFE3D" box="[1204,1354,1272,1297]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. imperialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="55CEE8B7FFF4C269FA641995FEBBFE1A" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Peridinetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufotorquatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A0BA4F26FFF4C269FA641995FEBBFE1A" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. rufotorquatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
seem to have evolved independently. Very similar color patterns occur also in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="55CEE8B7FFF4C269FB1E1870FEE9FE70" authority="Fabricius" authorityName="Fabricius" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Pteracanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smidtii">
|
||
<emphasis id="A0BA4F26FFF4C269FB1E1870FF60FE70" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Pteracanthus smidtii</emphasis>
|
||
(Fabricius)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="55CEE8B7FFF4C269FE45182EFD70FE70" authority="Pascoe" authorityName="Pascoe" box="[423,759,1346,1372]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Sympages" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="egregius">
|
||
<emphasis id="A0BA4F26FFF4C269FE45182EFD0FFE70" box="[423,648,1347,1372]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Sympages egregius</emphasis>
|
||
(Pascoe)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which are not associated with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="55CEE8B7FFF4C269FB86182FFB60FE70" box="[1124,1255,1346,1372]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Piperaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Piperales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Piperaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DAD4C0BFFFF4C268FF26180AFBACFABE" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="92719334FFF4C268FF26180AFBACFABE" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,2007]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,152,402]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="A0BA4F26FFF4C269FF26180AFED5FEAD" bold="true" box="[196,338,1383,1409]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Discussion.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F65FEEC5FFF4C269FEB81805FE77FEAE" author="Jekel" box="[346,496,1384,1410]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" refString="Jekel, H. (1883) Notes sur le travail de M. Chevrolat concernant les Peridinetus. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique, 26 [1882], 84 - 86." type="journal article" year="1883">Jekel (1883)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F65FEEC5FFF4C269FDCE1805FD49FEAE" author="Casey" box="[556,718,1384,1410]" pageId="4" pageNumber="34" refString="Casey, T. L. (1922) Studies in the Rhynchophorous subfamily Barinae of the Brazilian fauna. Memoirs on the Coleoptera, 10, 1 - 520." type="journal article" year="1922">Casey (1922)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
proposed new generic names for a few, seemingly aberrant species without having examined representative material of the entire group. Although their reasoning is not entirely unjustified when applied to a subjectively selected set of species, a satisfying and sufficiently robust concept for the grouping of all described and undescribed species is difficult to accomplish. With the exclusion of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="55CEE8B7FFF4C269FED01890FE3CFD3A" box="[306,443,1533,1558]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Palliolatrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A0BA4F26FFF4C269FED01890FE3CFD3A" box="[306,443,1533,1558]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Palliolatrix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the South American
|
||
<taxonomicName id="55CEE8B7FFF4C269FD0C1890FB83FD3B" authority="Hustache" authorityName="Hustache" box="[750,1028,1533,1559]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Palliolatrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incisicollis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A0BA4F26FFF4C269FD0C1890FC0AFD3A" box="[750,909,1533,1558]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. incisicollis</emphasis>
|
||
Hustache
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="55CEE8B7FFF4C269FBA21890FAC0FD3B" authority="Chevrolat" authorityName="Chevrolat" box="[1088,1351,1533,1559]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Palliolatrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="suturalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A0BA4F26FFF4C269FBA21890FB41FD3A" box="[1088,1222,1533,1558]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. suturalis</emphasis>
|
||
Chevrolat
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which may not be congeneric, the most aberrant species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="55CEE8B7FFF4C269FCC81B4EFC3EFD10" box="[810,953,1571,1596]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Peridinetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A0BA4F26FFF4C269FCC81B4EFC3EFD10" box="[810,953,1571,1596]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Peridinetus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occur in the Greater Antilles,
|
||
<emphasis id="A0BA4F26FFF4C269FADB1B4EFAD8FD10" box="[1337,1375,1571,1596]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">i.e.</emphasis>
|
||
, one complex with a higher degree of sexual dimorphism and another with basally separate tarsal claws. The validity of the currently monospecific
|
||
<taxonomicName id="55CEE8B7FFF4C269FDBF1B00FC03FDAB" authority="Champion" authorityName="Champion" box="[605,900,1645,1671]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Peridinetellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A0BA4F26FFF4C269FDBF1B00FC85FDAA" box="[605,770,1645,1670]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Peridinetellus</emphasis>
|
||
Champion
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="0AF58FB1FFF4C269FC771B00FC5CFDAB" box="[917,987,1645,1671]" captionStart="FIGURES 9 – 16" captionStartId="9.[151,269,1698,1722]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,197,1677]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[264,1323,197,1677]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 9 – 16. Dorsal and lateral habitus of Peridinetellus and Peridinetus species. 9 – 10, Peridinetellus subglaber, La Selva (Costa Rica); 11 – 12, Peridinetus melastomae, Monteverde (Costa Rica); 13 – 14, P. notabilis, Guanacaste N. P. (Costa Rica); 15 – 16, P. p i c t u s, Río Tuquesa (Panamá)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195974/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
) needs to be reassessed in connection with the South American fauna, where at least one other, still undescribed species of this complex occurs.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="55CEE8B7FFF4C269FF751BD5FEF3FDFE" authority="Casey" authorityName="Casey" box="[151,372,1720,1746]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Conophoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A0BA4F26FFF4C269FF751BD5FEA2FDFD" box="[151,293,1720,1745]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Conophoria</emphasis>
|
||
Casey
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described to accommodate species with a conical pronotum and usually distinct color pattern. However, the pronotum exhibits gradual rather than discrete shapes and the shapes do not correlate with the color pattern. Even though I have used the shape of the pronotum in the first couplet of the key, in combination with the carination of the interstriae, this criterion separates very closely related weevils, such as
|
||
<emphasis id="A0BA4F26FFF4C269FF751A20FEA6FC4A" box="[151,289,1869,1894]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. i r ro r a t u s</emphasis>
|
||
(Fabricius) and
|
||
<emphasis id="A0BA4F26FFF4C269FE161A20FDDDFC4A" box="[500,602,1869,1894]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. j e l s k i i</emphasis>
|
||
Chevrolat or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="55CEE8B7FFF4C269FCEE1A20FB9BFC4B" authority="Champion" authorityName="Champion" box="[780,1052,1869,1895]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Peridinetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lateralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A0BA4F26FFF4C269FCEE1A20FC13FC4A" box="[780,916,1869,1894]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. lateralis</emphasis>
|
||
Champion
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="55CEE8B7FFF4C269FBB81A20FED8FCA0" authority="Champion. Hustache (1938)" authorityName="Champion. Hustache" authorityYear="1938" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Peridinetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melastomae">
|
||
<emphasis id="A0BA4F26FFF4C269FBB81A20FA8BFC4A" box="[1114,1292,1869,1894]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. melastomae</emphasis>
|
||
Champion.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F65FEEC5FFF4C269FF751A1FFED8FCA0" author="Hustache" box="[151,351,1906,1932]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" refString="Hustache, A. (1938) Pars 163: Curculionidae: Barinae. In: Junk, W. & Schenkling, S. (eds.) Coleopterorum Catalogus. ' s-Gravenhage, 219 pp." type="book" year="1938">Hustache (1938)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
placed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="55CEE8B7FFF4C269FE5C1A1EFDC8FCA0" box="[446,591,1907,1932]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Conophoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A0BA4F26FFF4C269FE5C1A1EFDC8FCA0" box="[446,591,1907,1932]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Conophoria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a subgenus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="55CEE8B7FFF4C269FCCA1A1EFC34FCA0" box="[808,947,1907,1932]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Peridinetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A0BA4F26FFF4C269FCCA1A1EFC34FCA0" box="[808,947,1907,1932]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Peridinetus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and was followed therein by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F65FEEC5FFF4C269FAF91A1FFED5FC9E" pageId="4" pageNumber="36" refString="O'Brien, C. W. & Wibmer, G. (1982) Annotated checklist of the weevils (Curculionidae sensu lato) of North America, Central America, and the West Indies (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 34, i - ix, 1 - 382." type="journal article">O’Brien & Wibmer (1982)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F65FEEC5FFF4C269FEBD1AF5FD24FC9E" box="[351,675,1944,1970]" pageId="4" pageNumber="36" refString="Wibmer, G. J. & O'Brien, C. W. (1986) Annotated checklist of the weevils (Curculionidae sensu lato) of South America (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 39, i - xvi, 1 - 563." type="journal article">Wibmer & O’Brien (1986)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F65FEEC5FFF4C269FD521AF5FBB4FC9E" author="Alonso-Zarazaga" box="[688,1075,1944,1970]" pageId="4" pageNumber="34" refString="Alonso-Zarazaga, M. A. & Lyal, H. C. (1999) A world catalogue of families and genera of Curculionoidea (Insecta: Coleoptera) (Excepting Scolytidae and Platypodidae). Entomopraxis, S. C. P., 315 pp." type="book" year="1999">Alonso-Zarazaga & Lyal (1999)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F65FEEC5FFF4C269FB8C1AF5FA9AFC9E" author="Prena" box="[1134,1309,1944,1970]" pageId="4" pageNumber="36" refString="Prena, J. (2009 b) The West Indian Peridinetini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Baridinae). Zootaxa, 2210, 51 - 64." type="journal article" year="2009" yearSuffix="b">Prena (2009b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. However,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F65FEEC5FFF4C269FF751AD0FEC5FCFB" author="Bondar" box="[151,322,1981,2007]" pageId="4" pageNumber="34" refString="Bondar, G. (1949) Notas entomologicas da Baia. XXI. Revista de Entomologia, 20 (1 - 3), 173 - 228." type="journal article" year="1949">Bondar (1949)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
claimed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="55CEE8B7FFF4C269FE4C1AD0FDBBFCFA" box="[430,572,1981,2006]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Conophoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A0BA4F26FFF4C269FE4C1AD0FDBBFCFA" box="[430,572,1981,2006]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Conophoria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was monotypic and accepted its generic rank. Because
|
||
<taxonomicName id="55CEE8B7FFF4C269FB291AD0FADEFCFA" box="[1227,1369,1981,2006]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Conophoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A0BA4F26FFF4C269FB291AD0FADEFCFA" box="[1227,1369,1981,2006]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Conophoria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lacks a meaningful concept and general acceptance, it is placed here in synonymy with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="55CEE8B7FFF5C268FB8E1DF5FB72FB9D" box="[1132,1269,152,177]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Peridinetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A0BA4F26FFF5C268FB8E1DF5FB72FB9D" box="[1132,1269,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Peridinetus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="55CEE8B7FFF5C268FAE61DF5FF55FBFB" authority="Voss" authorityName="Voss" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Piazambates" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A0BA4F26FFF5C268FAE61DF5FA1CFB9D" box="[1284,1435,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Piazambates</emphasis>
|
||
Voss
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, originally described in the Peridinetini, was synonymized with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="55CEE8B7FFF5C268FC371DD0FB3AFBFB" authority="Pascoe" authorityName="Pascoe" box="[981,1213,189,215]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Pardisomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A0BA4F26FFF5C268FC371DD0FBE6FBFA" box="[981,1121,189,214]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Pardisomus</emphasis>
|
||
Pascoe
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F65FEEC5FFF5C268FB091DD0FA1FFBFB" author="Prena" box="[1259,1432,189,215]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" refString="Prena, J. (2003 b) The Pardisomus species (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Baridinae) from Costa Rica, with descriptions of four new species and one larva. Beitrage zur Entomologie, 53, 193 - 210." type="journal article" year="2003" yearSuffix="b">Prena (2003b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Not included in this study is one undescribed, morphologically isolated species near
|
||
<taxonomicName id="55CEE8B7FFF5C268FB4E1D8FFABEFBD7" box="[1196,1337,226,251]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Peridinetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A0BA4F26FFF5C268FB4E1D8FFABEFBD7" box="[1196,1337,226,251]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Peridinetus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(INBC, JPPC, USNM) known by a few specimens collected from the inflorescence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="55CEE8B7FFF5C268FBD51C65FBFFFA0D" box="[1079,1144,264,289]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Piperaceae" genus="Piper" kingdom="Plantae" order="Piperales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A0BA4F26FFF5C268FBD51C65FBFFFA0D" box="[1079,1144,264,289]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Piper</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="EAD9D3A4FFF5C268FB191C65FAF8FA0E" box="[1275,1407,264,290]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
; it is part of a complex that stands in conflict with the current tribal classification of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="55CEE8B7FFF5C268FB4C1C40FAAFFA6B" box="[1198,1320,301,327]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Baridinae">Baridinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Also not included herein are the small species near
|
||
<taxonomicName id="55CEE8B7FFF5C268FD471C3FFBF5FA40" authority="Champion" authorityName="Champion" box="[677,1138,338,364]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cyrionyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oblongoguttatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A0BA4F26FFF5C268FD471C3FFC61FA47" box="[677,998,338,363]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Cyrionyx oblongoguttatus</emphasis>
|
||
Champion
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which morphologically approach
|
||
<taxonomicName id="55CEE8B7FFF5C268FEEB1C15FE17FABD" box="[265,400,376,401]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Peridinetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A0BA4F26FFF5C268FEEB1C15FE17FABD" box="[265,400,376,401]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Peridinetus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but have basally separate claws and lack a frontal fovea.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |