254 lines
21 KiB
XML
254 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.968.52986" ID-GBIF-Dataset="873f585d-77da-4e41-b3f3-285e5cadfd1d" ID-PMC="PMC7511454" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-968-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="0ABFD46F13B65EEE97867BC2166A59E3" ID-PubMed="33005079" ID-ZooBank="4296306E51B94873AB6F4B475194CA98" ModsDocID="1313-2970-968-1" checkinTime="1600294176945" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Egger, Christina, Neusser, Timea P., Norenburg, Jon, Leasi, Francesca, Buge, Barbara, Vannozzi, Angelo, Cunha, Regina L., Cox, Cymon J. & Joerger, Katharina M." docDate="2020" docId="ADB50B907DE4511DBC12F4A67DC2B51D" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 968: 1-42" docOrigin="ZooKeys 968" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.968.52986" docTitle="Caecum heptagonum Carpenter 1857" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="0ABFD46F13B65EEE97867BC2166A59E3" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="0ABFD46F13B65EEE97867BC2166A59E3" masterDocTitle="Uncovering the shell game with barcodes: diversity of meiofaunal Caecidae snails (Truncatelloidea, Caenogastropoda) from Central America" masterLastPageNumber="42" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668169474796" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Uncovering the shell game with barcodes: diversity of meiofaunal Caecidae snails (Truncatelloidea, Caenogastropoda) from Central America</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Egger, Christina</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>SNSB-Zoologische Staatssammlung Muenchen, Muenchhausenstr. 21, 81247 Munich, Germany & CCMAR, Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005 - 139 Faro, Portugal</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6678-2549</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">christinaegger@gmx.de</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Neusser, Timea P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>LMU Munich, Biocenter, Dept. II, Grosshaderner Str. 2, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Norenburg, Jon</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Leasi, Francesca</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, Geology and Environmental Science. University of Tennessee at Chattanooga. 615 McCallie Ave. Chattanooga, TN 37403, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Buge, Barbara</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, 55 Rue Buffon, 75231 Paris, France</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Vannozzi, Angelo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Independent researcher, Via M. L. Longo 8, Rome, Italy</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Cunha, Regina L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>CCMAR, Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005 - 139 Faro, Portugal</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Cox, Cymon J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>CCMAR, Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005 - 139 Faro, Portugal</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Joerger, Katharina M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>SNSB-Zoologische Staatssammlung Muenchen, Muenchhausenstr. 21, 81247 Munich, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>968</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>42</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.968.52986</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.968.52986</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-968-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">4296306E51B94873AB6F4B475194CA98</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">0ABFD46F13B65EEE97867BC2166A59E3</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="167616174" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:ADB50B907DE4511DBC12F4A67DC2B51D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/ADB50B907DE4511DBC12F4A67DC2B51D" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName LSID="ADB50B90-7DE4-511D-BC12-F4A67DC2B51D" authority="Carpenter, 1857" authorityName="Carpenter" authorityYear="1857" class="Gastropoda" family="Caecidae" genus="Caecum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caecum heptagonum" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="heptagonum">Caecum heptagonum Carpenter, 1857</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Carpenter" authorityYear="1857" class="Gastropoda" family="Caecidae" genus="Caecum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caecum heptagonum" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="heptagonum">Caecum heptagonum</taxonomicName>
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Carpenter, 1857: 319, t. 1524. Type locality:
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Mazatlán">Mazatlan</normalizedToken>
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[Mexico].
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Panama • 1 juv. (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. A-E Caecum heptagonum A specimen USNM 1618866 juvenile specimen with larval shell still attached B-E specimen ZSM-Mol- 20200030, juvenile specimen already resembling closely the adult form B light microscopic picture C SEM scan D close-up of mucro and E microsculpture F-I C. cooperi, specimen MNHN-IM- 2019 - 32 F light microscopic picture G SEM scan H close-up of mucro and I microsculpture whole specimen and close-up of mucro and microsculpture J-M C. debile, specimen MNHN-IM- 2019 - 27 J light microscopic picture K SEM scan L close-up of mucro and M microsculpture N-Q C. striatum, specimen ZSM-Mol- 20100322 N light microscopic picture O SEM scan P close-up of mucro and Q microsculpture R-U C. clathratum, specimen MNHN-IM- 2019 - 17 R light microscopic picture S SEM scan T close-up of mucro and U microsculpture. Scale bars: 10 µm (D, E, I, Q); 20 µm (H, M, P, U); 100 µm (A, B, C, L, N, O, T); 200 µm (F, G, J, K whole specimen); 300 µm (R, S)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.968.52986.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/453119" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">6B-E</figureCitation>
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); Achotines;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="7.6349" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="7.6349">7.6349</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="79.9968" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-79.9968">-79.9968</geoCoordinate>
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; depth 10 m; 6 Mar 2016; USNM Achotines2016 exped.; Stat. PA23a; DNA voucher; DNA bank: r462p4f2t91, GenBank: MT704283, MT731717; ZSM-Mol-20200030. • 1 juv. (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. A-E Caecum heptagonum A specimen USNM 1618866 juvenile specimen with larval shell still attached B-E specimen ZSM-Mol- 20200030, juvenile specimen already resembling closely the adult form B light microscopic picture C SEM scan D close-up of mucro and E microsculpture F-I C. cooperi, specimen MNHN-IM- 2019 - 32 F light microscopic picture G SEM scan H close-up of mucro and I microsculpture whole specimen and close-up of mucro and microsculpture J-M C. debile, specimen MNHN-IM- 2019 - 27 J light microscopic picture K SEM scan L close-up of mucro and M microsculpture N-Q C. striatum, specimen ZSM-Mol- 20100322 N light microscopic picture O SEM scan P close-up of mucro and Q microsculpture R-U C. clathratum, specimen MNHN-IM- 2019 - 17 R light microscopic picture S SEM scan T close-up of mucro and U microsculpture. Scale bars: 10 µm (D, E, I, Q); 20 µm (H, M, P, U); 100 µm (A, B, C, L, N, O, T); 200 µm (F, G, J, K whole specimen); 300 µm (R, S)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.968.52986.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/453119" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">6A</figureCitation>
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); same collection data as for preceding; DNA voucher; GenBank: MT704291, MT731726; USNM 1618866. • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; ZSM-Mol-20200116. • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; ZSM-Mol-20200117. • 1 juv.; Achotines;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="7.6346" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="7.6346">7.6346</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="79.9965" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-79.9965">-79.9965</geoCoordinate>
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; depth 10 m; 6 Mar 2016; USNM Achotines2016 exped.; Stat. PA23b; ZSM-Mol-20200115.
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.968.52986.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/453119" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 6.</emphasis>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A-E</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Carpenter" authorityYear="1857" class="Gastropoda" family="Caecidae" genus="Caecum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caecum heptagonum" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="heptagonum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Caecum heptagonum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
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specimen USNM 1618866 juvenile specimen with larval shell still attached
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B-E</emphasis>
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specimen ZSM-Mol-20200030, juvenile specimen already resembling closely the adult form
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
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light microscopic picture
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
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SEM scan
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
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close-up of mucro and
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
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microsculpture
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F-I</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. cooperi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="cooperi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. cooperi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, specimen MNHN-IM-2019-32
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
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light microscopic picture
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
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SEM scan
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
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close-up of mucro and
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">I</emphasis>
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microsculpture whole specimen and close-up of mucro and microsculpture
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J-M</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. debile" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="debile">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. debile</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, specimen MNHN-IM-2019-27
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J</emphasis>
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light microscopic picture
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K</emphasis>
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SEM scan
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L</emphasis>
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close-up of mucro and
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M</emphasis>
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microsculpture
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N-Q</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. striatum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="striatum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. striatum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, specimen ZSM-Mol-20100322
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N</emphasis>
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light microscopic picture
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">O</emphasis>
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SEM scan
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P</emphasis>
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close-up of mucro and
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Q</emphasis>
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microsculpture
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">R-U</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. clathratum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="clathratum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. clathratum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, specimen MNHN-IM-2019-17
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">R</emphasis>
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light microscopic picture
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S</emphasis>
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SEM scan
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">T</emphasis>
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close-up of mucro and
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">U</emphasis>
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microsculpture. Scale bars: 10
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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(
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D, E, I, Q</emphasis>
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); 20
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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(
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H, M, P, U</emphasis>
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); 100
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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(
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A, B, C, L, N, O, T</emphasis>
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); 200
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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(
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F, G, J, K</emphasis>
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whole specimen); 300
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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(
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">R, S</emphasis>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="shell morphology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Shell morphology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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In juvenile specimens, shell fragile, translucent brownish color. Tube doubles diameter towards aperture, with a moderate curvature in anterior half, increasing distally in curvature. Septum level beneath cutting plane, slightly rising towards mucro (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. A-E Caecum heptagonum A specimen USNM 1618866 juvenile specimen with larval shell still attached B-E specimen ZSM-Mol- 20200030, juvenile specimen already resembling closely the adult form B light microscopic picture C SEM scan D close-up of mucro and E microsculpture F-I C. cooperi, specimen MNHN-IM- 2019 - 32 F light microscopic picture G SEM scan H close-up of mucro and I microsculpture whole specimen and close-up of mucro and microsculpture J-M C. debile, specimen MNHN-IM- 2019 - 27 J light microscopic picture K SEM scan L close-up of mucro and M microsculpture N-Q C. striatum, specimen ZSM-Mol- 20100322 N light microscopic picture O SEM scan P close-up of mucro and Q microsculpture R-U C. clathratum, specimen MNHN-IM- 2019 - 17 R light microscopic picture S SEM scan T close-up of mucro and U microsculpture. Scale bars: 10 µm (D, E, I, Q); 20 µm (H, M, P, U); 100 µm (A, B, C, L, N, O, T); 200 µm (F, G, J, K whole specimen); 300 µm (R, S)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.968.52986.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/453119" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">6D</figureCitation>
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). Mucro slender finger-like shape (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. A-E Caecum heptagonum A specimen USNM 1618866 juvenile specimen with larval shell still attached B-E specimen ZSM-Mol- 20200030, juvenile specimen already resembling closely the adult form B light microscopic picture C SEM scan D close-up of mucro and E microsculpture F-I C. cooperi, specimen MNHN-IM- 2019 - 32 F light microscopic picture G SEM scan H close-up of mucro and I microsculpture whole specimen and close-up of mucro and microsculpture J-M C. debile, specimen MNHN-IM- 2019 - 27 J light microscopic picture K SEM scan L close-up of mucro and M microsculpture N-Q C. striatum, specimen ZSM-Mol- 20100322 N light microscopic picture O SEM scan P close-up of mucro and Q microsculpture R-U C. clathratum, specimen MNHN-IM- 2019 - 17 R light microscopic picture S SEM scan T close-up of mucro and U microsculpture. Scale bars: 10 µm (D, E, I, Q); 20 µm (H, M, P, U); 100 µm (A, B, C, L, N, O, T); 200 µm (F, G, J, K whole specimen); 300 µm (R, S)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.968.52986.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/453119" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">6D</figureCitation>
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). Aperture fragile and partly broken. Shell sculptured by seven longitudinal ridges with transverse ribs crossing, knobs at intersections, ridges less prominent towards posterior. Microsculpture of fine rugose longitudinal stripes, noticeably increasing in width on transversal rings in comparison to interspaces (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. A-E Caecum heptagonum A specimen USNM 1618866 juvenile specimen with larval shell still attached B-E specimen ZSM-Mol- 20200030, juvenile specimen already resembling closely the adult form B light microscopic picture C SEM scan D close-up of mucro and E microsculpture F-I C. cooperi, specimen MNHN-IM- 2019 - 32 F light microscopic picture G SEM scan H close-up of mucro and I microsculpture whole specimen and close-up of mucro and microsculpture J-M C. debile, specimen MNHN-IM- 2019 - 27 J light microscopic picture K SEM scan L close-up of mucro and M microsculpture N-Q C. striatum, specimen ZSM-Mol- 20100322 N light microscopic picture O SEM scan P close-up of mucro and Q microsculpture R-U C. clathratum, specimen MNHN-IM- 2019 - 17 R light microscopic picture S SEM scan T close-up of mucro and U microsculpture. Scale bars: 10 µm (D, E, I, Q); 20 µm (H, M, P, U); 100 µm (A, B, C, L, N, O, T); 200 µm (F, G, J, K whole specimen); 300 µm (R, S)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.968.52986.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/453119" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">6E</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Due to the characteristics of the heptagonal tube with the transversal rings, considered unique among caecids (
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<bibRefCitation author="Lightfoot, J" journalOrPublisher="Of Sea and Shore" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="13 - 26" refId="B62" refString="Lightfoot, J, 1993a. Caecidae of the Panamic Province Part 1. Of Sea and Shore 16: 13 - 26" title="Caecidae of the Panamic Province Part 1." volume="16" year="1993 a">Lightfoot 1993a</bibRefCitation>
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), the investigated specimen could be unambiguously assigned to
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. heptagonum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="heptagonum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. heptagonum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. However, illustrations of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. heptagonum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="heptagonum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. heptagonum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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indicate a very thick shell with distinct differentiated aperture with inner bulge forming a round opening instead of the outer polygonal shape (
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<bibRefCitation author="Keen, AM" journalOrPublisher="Stanford University Press, Stanford" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B53" refString="Keen, AM, 1974. Sea Shells of Tropical West America: Marine Mollusks from Baja California to Peru. Stanford University Press, Stanford" title="Sea Shells of Tropical West America: Marine Mollusks from Baja California to Peru." year="1974">Keen 1974</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Pizzini, M" journalOrPublisher="Iberus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="133 - 140" refId="B80" refString="Pizzini, M, Oliverio, M, Nofroni, I, 1998. Contribution to the knowledge of the family Caecidae 4.: The Temporary septum formation of some caecid species (Caenogastropoda: Rissoidea). Iberus 16: 133 - 140" title="Contribution to the knowledge of the family Caecidae 4.: The Temporary septum formation of some caecid species (Caenogastropoda: Rissoidea)." volume="16" year="1998">Pizzini et al. 1998</bibRefCitation>
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: 142, figs 1-13) including an inner bulge in the aperture, forming a round opening instead of the outer polygonal shape which is absent in the rather thin and fragile investigated specimens. As our samples only comprised juvenile specimen, however, we can attribute this variation to the unfinished shell state.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |