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<document id="6AE56F27E9975B60AC791F9551E8C285" ID-DOI="10.11865/zs.2023401" ID-ISSN="2095-6827" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10941626" ID-ZooBank="46AA3E9C-C065-415D-946B-0813AF169B14" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1712576771858" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Zhan, Zhihong &amp; Young, Daniel K." docDate="2023" docId="A51987E07F5BFF8DFF02AD08FD19FD2D" docLanguage="en" docName="ZoolSyst.48.4.279-360.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Systematics 48 (4)" docSource="https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/cd623f69-5c7c-3c23-9a34-77dc60046e57/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:07E7829F32901B127B59E960199959BD.1:ZoolSyst.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="07E7829F32901B127B59E960199959BD" docStyleName="ZoolSyst.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Lucanus fortunei Saunders 1854" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="296" masterDocId="5920FF987F54FF9CFF8AAE6BFFD3FFEA" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic assessment and redefinition of the Lucanus fortunei species group in China (Coleoptera: Lucanidae: Lucaninae)" masterLastPageNumber="360" masterPageNumber="279" pageNumber="294" updateTime="1712578213860" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="DE6B0E98EA5A7E06D06AB8059CF3C662">A taxonomic assessment and redefinition of the Lucanus fortunei species group in China (Coleoptera: Lucanidae: Lucaninae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="BC3D1F8A11D234BF59203E45876F32F9">Zhan, Zhihong</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="CAFBE94D2C10431CFA98FCFF366BEF30">Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210000, China &amp; Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA Corresponding author, E-mail: young @ entomology. wisc. edu</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="55622B699ED50A14933BF2891C144F04">Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA Corresponding author, E-mail: young @ entomology. wisc. edu</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="05C98121EF4BAA23A0773198E0A257FA">2023</mods:date>
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<taxonomicName id="EAB04D757F5BFF93FF02AD08FE2FFC91" ID-CoL="6QP5Y" authority="Saunders, 1854" authorityName="Saunders" authorityYear="1854" box="[136,508,867,891]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Lucanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fortunei">
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<emphasis id="1FC4EAE47F5BFF93FF02AD08FE9BFC91" bold="true" box="[136,328,867,891]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="294">Lucanus fortunei</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="49214B077F5BFF93FEC5AD08FE2FFC91" author="Saunders" box="[335,508,867,891]" pageId="15" pageNumber="294" pagination="1 - 55" refId="ref50939" refString="Saunders, W. W. 1854. Characters of undescribed Lucanidae, collected in China, by R. Fortune, Esq. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 2: 1 - 55." type="journal article" year="1854">Saunders, 1854</bibRefCitation>
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(
<figureCitation id="B58B2A737F5BFF93FD90AD08FD45FC91" box="[538,662,867,891]" captionStart="Figures 30–37" captionStartId="16.[155,227,2015,2037]" captionTargetBox="[192,1394,544,1972]" captionTargetId="figure-162@16.[189,1399,537,1975]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figures 30–37. Habitus of Lucanus fortunei. 30. Male, dorsal view. 31. Male, ventral view. 32. Male, lateral view. 33. Major male. 34. Median male. 35. Minor male. 36. Female, dorsal view. 37. Female, ventral view. Scale bar=10mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10941640" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10941640/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="294">Figs 30–37</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="B58B2A737F5BFF93FD2AAD08FD18FC91" box="[672,715,867,891]" captionStart="Figures 244–259" captionStartId="67.[155,227,1984,2006]" captionTargetBox="[193,1395,268,1930]" captionTargetId="figure-83@67.[189,1399,266,1936]" captionTargetPageId="67" captionText="Figures 244–259. Head characters of Lucanus spp., male. 244. L. chengyuani. 245. L. datunensis. 246. L. delavayi. 247. L. derani derani. 248. L. derani fukinukiae. 249. L. fortunei. 250. L. fujianensis. 251. L. kirchneri. 252. L. klapperichi. 253. L. moae. 254. L. swinhoei. 255. L. wuyishanensis. 256. L. brivioi. 257. L. cenwanglaoshanus. 258. L. deuveinaus. 259. L. fairmairei. Scale bar=10mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10941723" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10941723/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="294">249</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="B58B2A737F5BFF93FD5CAD08FCD3FC91" box="[726,768,867,891]" captionStart="Figures 276–307" captionStartId="69.[155,227,1902,1924]" captionTargetBox="[191,1398,252,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-151@69.[189,1398,247,1874]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="Figures 276–307. Prothoracic tibial characters of Lucanus spp., male. 276. L. chengyuani. 277. L. datunensis. 278. L. delavayi. 279. L. derani derani. 280. L. derani fukinukiae. 281. L. fortunei. 282. L. fujianensis. 283. L. kirchneri. 284. L. klapperichi. 285. L. moae. 286. L. swinhoei. 287. L. wuyishanensis. 288. L. brivioi. 289. L. cenwanglaoshanus. 290. L. deuveinaus. 291. L. fairmairei. 292. L. fonti. 293. L. formosus. 294. L. fujitai. 295. L. hewenjiae. 296. L. liuweii. 297. L. miwai. 298. L. szetschuanicus. 299. L. yulaoensis. 300. L. zhanbishengi. 301. L. zhuxiangi. 302. L. dirki. 303. L. kraatzi kraatzi. 304. L. liupengyui. 305. L. nobilis. 306. L. shulini. 307. L. parryi. Scale bar=10mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10941729" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10941729/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="294">281</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="B58B2A737F5BFF93FC81AD08FCE7FC91" box="[779,820,867,891]" captionStart="Figures 308–323" captionStartId="70.[155,227,1993,2015]" captionTargetBox="[192,1396,270,1938]" captionTargetId="figure-92@70.[189,1399,267,1953]" captionTargetPageId="70" captionText="Figures 308–323. Head characters of Lucanus spp., female. 308. L. delavayi. 309. L. derani derani. 310. L. derani fukinukiae. 311. L. fortunei. 312. L. fujianensis. 313. L. kirchneri. 314. L. klapperichi. 315. L. moae. 316. L. swinhoei. 317. L. wuyishanensis. 318. L. brivioi. 319. L. cenwanglaoshanus. 320. L. deuveinaus. 321. L. fairmairei. 322. L. fonti. 323. L. formosus. Scale bar=10mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10941731" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10941731/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="294">311</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="B58B2A737F5BFF93FCB5AD08FCB9FC91" box="[831,874,867,891]" captionStart="Figures 336–363" captionStartId="72.[155,227,1929,1951]" captionTargetBox="[190,1395,375,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-194@72.[189,1399,373,1885]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="Figures 336–363. Prothoracic tibial characters of Lucanus spp., female. 336. L. delavayi. 337. L. derani derani. 338. L. derani fukinukiae. 339. L. fortunei. 340. L. fujianensis. 341. L. kirchneri. 342. L. klapperichi. 343. L. moae. 344. L. swinhoei. 345. L. wuyishanensis. 346. L. brivioi. 347. L. cenwanglaoshanus. 348. L. deuveinaus. 349. L. fairmairei. 350. L. fonti. 351. L. formosus. 352. L. hewenjiae. 353. L. liuweii. 354. L. miwai. 355. L. szetschuanicus. 356. L. zhanbishengi. 357. L. zhuxiangi. 358. L. dirki. 359. L. kraatzi kraatzi. 360. L. liupengyui. 361. L. nobilis. 362. L. shulini. 363. L. parryi. Scale bar=10mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10941737" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10941737/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="294">339</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="B58B2A737F5BFF93FCFFAD08FC06FC91" box="[885,981,867,891]" captionStart="Figures 364–387" captionStartId="73.[155,227,1862,1884]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,386,1822]" captionTargetId="figure-202@73.[189,1399,384,1822]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="Figures 364–387. Male genitalia of Lucanus spp., dorsal view. 364. L. datunensis, dorsal view. 365. L. datunensis, ventral view. 366. L. datunensis, lateral view. 367. L. delavayi, dorsal view. 368. L. delavayi, ventral view. 369. L. delavayi, lateral view. 370. L. derani derani, dorsal view. 371. L. derani derani, ventral view. 372. L. derani derani, lateral view. 373. L. derani fukinukiae, dorsal view. 374. L. derani fukinukiae, ventral view. 375. L. derani fukinukiae, lateral view. 376. L. fortunei, dorsal view. 377. L. fortunei, ventral view. 378. L. fortunei, lateral view. 379. L. fujianensis, dorsal view. 380. L. fujianensis, ventral view. 381. L. fujianensis, lateral view. 382. L. kirchneri, dorsal view. 383. L. kirchneri, ventral view. 384. L. kirchneri, lateral view. 385. L. klapperichi, dorsal view. 386. L. klapperichi, ventral view. 387. L. klapperichi, lateral view. Scale bar=10mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10941741" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10941741/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="294">376–378</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="B58B2A737F5BFF93FC55AD08FBDBFC91" box="[991,1032,867,891]" captionStart="Figures 457–466" captionStartId="77.[155,227,1951,1973]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,239,1939]" captionTargetId="figure-98@77.[189,1399,239,1940]" captionTargetPageId="77" captionText="Figures 457–466. Lucanus spp. 457. Male of L. datunensis flying from its grass habitat from Taiwan, photoed by JingZhi Lin. 458. Male of L. delavayi from Sichuan. 459. Male of L. derani derani from Yunnan. 460. Male of L. derani fukinukiae from Yunnan. 461. Male of L. fortunei from Fujian. 462. Male of L. kirchneri collected from host plant in Fujian. 463. Male of L. klapperichi on host plant in Fujian. 464. A pair of L. moae collected in Sichuan. 465. Male of L. swinhoei in Fujian. 466. Male of L. wuyishanensis in Hunan." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10941751" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10941751/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="294">461</figureCitation>
)
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<paragraph id="2D0F36F67F5BFF93FF02ADEDFA7FFC71" blockId="15.[136,1452,867,2078]" box="[136,1452,902,924]" pageId="15" pageNumber="294">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="0DA011D87F5BFF93FF02ADEDFA7FFC71" box="[136,1452,902,924]" pageId="15" pageNumber="294">
<treatmentCitation id="AC1110E77F5BFF93FF02ADEDFE3FFC76" author="Saunders" box="[136,492,902,924]" page="46" pageId="15" pageNumber="294" year="1854">
<taxonomicName id="EAB04D757F5BFF93FF02ADEDFE3FFC76" ID-CoL="6QP5Y" authority="Saunders, 1854: 46" authorityName="Saunders" authorityPageNumber="46" authorityYear="1854" box="[136,492,902,924]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Lucanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fortunei">
<emphasis id="1FC4EAE47F5BFF93FF02ADEDFEFFFC71" box="[136,300,902,923]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="294">Lucanus fortunei</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="49214B077F5BFF93FEB8ADEDFE3FFC76" author="Saunders" box="[306,492,902,924]" pageId="15" pageNumber="294" pagination="1 - 55" refId="ref50939" refString="Saunders, W. W. 1854. Characters of undescribed Lucanidae, collected in China, by R. Fortune, Esq. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 2: 1 - 55." type="journal article" year="1854">Saunders, 1854: 46</bibRefCitation>
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, plate 3, figs 1–2;
<treatmentCitation id="AC1110E77F5BFF93FD17ADEDFCEFFC76" author="Planet" box="[669,828,902,924]" page="86" pageId="15" pageNumber="294" year="1902">
<bibRefCitation id="49214B077F5BFF93FD17ADEDFCEFFC76" author="Planet" box="[669,828,902,924]" pageId="15" pageNumber="294" refId="ref50838" refString="Planet, L. 1902. Essai Monographique sur les Coleopteres des Genus Pseudolucane et Lucane. II. Deyrolle Fils, Paris. 143 pp." type="book" year="1902">Planet, 1902: 86</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, figs 45–46; Didier &amp; Séguy, 1952: plate 18, figs 1–10;
<bibRefCitation id="49214B077F5BFF93FADDADEDFA7FFC71" author="Bomans" box="[1367,1452,902,923]" pageId="15" pageNumber="294" pagination="3 - 23" refId="ref49546" refString="Bomans, H. 1989. Inventaire d'une collection de Lucanidae recoltes en Chine continentale, avec descriptions d'especes nouvelles. Nouvelle Revue d'Entomologie, 6 (1): 3 - 23." type="journal article" year="1989">Bomans,</bibRefCitation>
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<paragraph id="2D0F36F67F5BFF93FF32ADCDFA78FC51" blockId="15.[136,1452,867,2078]" box="[184,1451,934,956]" pageId="15" pageNumber="294">
1989: 4; Mizunuma &amp; Nagai, 1994: 216, plate 16, figs 112-1–5;
<bibRefCitation id="49214B077F5BFF93FCACADCDFC72FC51" author="Zilioli" box="[806,929,934,956]" pageId="15" pageNumber="294" pagination="137 - 147" refId="ref51539" refString="Zilioli, M. 1998. Note on some new stag-beetles Lucanus from Vietnam and China. Coleopteres, 4 (11): 137 - 147." type="journal article" year="1998">Zilioli, 1998</bibRefCitation>
: figs 5, 13; Huang &amp; Chen, 2010: 50, plate 34, figs 1–
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2D0F36F67F5BFF93FF32ADADFF04FC31" blockId="15.[136,1452,867,2078]" box="[184,215,966,987]" pageId="15" pageNumber="294">10.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="65AA657D7F5BFF93FF02AD8DFC65FBF6" pageId="15" pageNumber="294" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="2D0F36F67F5BFF93FF02AD8DFBD6FC16" blockId="15.[136,1452,867,2078]" box="[136,1029,998,1020]" pageId="15" pageNumber="294">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="0DA011D87F5BFF93FF02AD8DFBD6FC16" box="[136,1029,998,1020]" pageId="15" pageNumber="294">
<treatmentCitation id="AC1110E77F5BFF93FF02AD8DFE20FC16" author="Didier" box="[136,499,998,1020]" page="225" pageId="15" pageNumber="294" year="1931">
<taxonomicName id="EAB04D757F5BFF93FF02AD8DFE20FC16" ID-CoL="6QP6X" authority="Didier, 1931: 225" authorityName="Didier" authorityPageNumber="225" authorityYear="1931" box="[136,499,998,1020]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Lucanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laevigatus">
<emphasis id="1FC4EAE47F5BFF93FF02AD8DFE90FC11" box="[136,323,998,1019]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="294">Lucanus laevigatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="49214B077F5BFF93FEC2AD8DFE20FC16" author="Didier" box="[328,499,998,1020]" pageId="15" pageNumber="294" pagination="212 - 232" refId="ref49746" refString="Didier, R. 1931. Etude sur les Coleopteres Lucanides du globe. XVI. Descriptions de Lucanides nouveaux ou peu connus. Librairie Speciale Agricole, Paris Fascicule, 9: 212 - 232." type="journal article" year="1931">Didier, 1931: 225</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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, fig. 2;
<treatmentCitation id="AC1110E77F5BFF93FDB1AD8DFD3BFC11" author="Arrow &amp; On the genera and nomenclature of the lucanid Coleoptera &amp; Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London" box="[571,744,998,1019]" page="134" pageId="15" pageNumber="294" year="1943">
<bibRefCitation id="49214B077F5BFF93FDB1AD8DFD3BFC11" author="Arrow &amp; On the genera and nomenclature of the lucanid Coleoptera &amp; Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London" box="[571,744,998,1019]" pageId="15" pageNumber="294" pagination="133 - 143" refId="ref49438" refString="Arrow, G. J. 1943. On the genera and nomenclature of the lucanid Coleoptera, and descriptions of a few new species. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (B), 12 (9 - 10): 133 - 143." type="journal article" year="1943">Arrow, 1943: 134</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="AC1110E77F5BFF93FD7AAD8DFC5DFC11" author="Araya" box="[752,910,998,1019]" page="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="294" year="2001">
<bibRefCitation id="49214B077F5BFF93FD7AAD8DFC5DFC11" author="Araya" box="[752,910,998,1019]" pageId="15" pageNumber="294" pagination="8 - 22" refId="ref49399" refString="Araya, K. 2001. Notes on some type specimens of the genus Lucanus (Coleoptera, Lucanidae) from Asia stored in several European museums (1). Gekkan-Mushi, 362: 8 - 22." type="journal article" year="2001">Araya, 2001: 17</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, figs 55–56.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D0F36F67F5BFF93FF02AA6DFC65FBF6" blockId="15.[136,1452,867,2078]" box="[136,950,1030,1052]" pageId="15" pageNumber="294">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="0DA011D87F5BFF93FF02AA6DFC65FBF6" box="[136,950,1030,1052]" pageId="15" pageNumber="294">
<taxonomicName id="EAB04D757F5BFF93FF02AA6DFE64FBF1" ID-CoL="5JFHC" authorityName="Zilioli" authorityYear="1998" box="[136,439,1030,1051]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Lucanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="swinhoei" subSpecies="continentalis">
<emphasis id="1FC4EAE47F5BFF93FF02AA6DFE64FBF1" box="[136,439,1030,1051]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="294">Lucanus swinhoei continentalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<treatmentCitation id="AC1110E77F5BFF93FE49AA6DFDB1FBF1" author="Zilioli" box="[451,610,1030,1052]" page="89" pageId="15" pageNumber="294" year="1999">
<bibRefCitation id="49214B077F5BFF93FE49AA6DFDB1FBF1" author="Zilioli" box="[451,610,1030,1052]" pageId="15" pageNumber="294" pagination="84 - 91" refId="ref51567" refString="Zilioli, M. 1999. Notes on new stag-beetles of the genus Lucanus from China. Coleopteres, 5 (5): 84 - 91." type="journal article" year="1999">Zilioli, 1999: 89</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 5 (Possibly misidentification).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="65AA657D7F5BFF8DFF34AA50FD19FD2D" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="296" pageId="15" pageNumber="294" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="2D0F36F67F5BFF93FF34AA50FBD5FA3A" blockId="15.[136,1452,867,2078]" pageId="15" pageNumber="294">
Material examined. [
<specimenCount id="3BB6FD7F7F5BFF93FE10AA50FE6FFBB8" box="[410,444,1083,1107]" count="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="294" type="male">3♂</specimenCount>
]:
<collectingCountry id="55A776667F5BFF93FE58AA50FDF9FBB9" box="[466,554,1083,1107]" name="China" pageId="15" pageNumber="294">CHINA</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="EF74F8147F5BFF93FDB8AA50FD0EFBB9" box="[562,733,1083,1107]" country="China" name="Anhui" pageId="15" pageNumber="294">Anhui Province</collectingRegion>
, Xianxia town, Xian-Xia // Village, Shilongtou // [
<emphasis id="1FC4EAE47F5BFF93FB7BAA5DFA92FBBB" bold="true" box="[1265,1345,1078,1105]" pageId="15" pageNumber="294">仙Ṙü</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="1FC4EAE47F5BFF93FADFAA5DFA77FBBB" bold="true" box="[1365,1444,1078,1105]" pageId="15" pageNumber="294">
仙
<collectionCode id="4BA1AE337F5BFF93FAFBAA5DFA5BFBBB" box="[1393,1416,1078,1105]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="15" pageNumber="294">Ṙ</collectionCode>
村
</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="1FC4EAE47F5BFF93FF02AA32FF0BFB9E" bold="true" box="[136,216,1113,1140]" pageId="15" pageNumber="294">石ËĿ</emphasis>
]; Alt.
<quantity id="EA489B137F5BFF93FEA8AA36FEB1FB9F" box="[290,354,1117,1141]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="15" pageNumber="294" unit="m" value="750.0">750m</quantity>
; 08 July. 2018 // Zhihong Zhan leg.; [2nd label]:
<geoCoordinate id="488450317F5BFF93FC02AA36FBD3FB9F" box="[904,1024,1117,1141]" degrees="30.4109" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="294" precision="5" value="30.4109">30.4109°N</geoCoordinate>
;
<geoCoordinate id="488450317F5BFF93FB84AA36FB58FB9F" box="[1038,1163,1117,1141]" degrees="119.2842" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="294" precision="5" value="119.2842">119.2842°E</geoCoordinate>
Adult // collected on host plant//
<taxonomicName id="EAB04D757F5BFF93FF5EAAEBFE05FB72" box="[212,470,1152,1176]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Cyclobalanopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="15" pageNumber="294" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glauca">
<emphasis id="1FC4EAE47F5BFF93FF5EAAEBFE05FB72" box="[212,470,1152,1176]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="294">Cyclobalanopsis glauca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
// (Thunberg) Oersted; [3rd label]:
<taxonomicName id="EAB04D757F5BFF93FCDDAAEAFC61FB72" authorityName="Scopoli" authorityYear="1763" box="[855,946,1153,1176]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Lucanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1FC4EAE47F5BFF93FCDDAAEAFC61FB72" box="[855,946,1153,1176]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="294">Lucanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
//
<taxonomicName id="EAB04D757F5BFF93FC45AAEBFBF7FB72" authorityName="Saunders" authorityYear="1854" box="[975,1060,1152,1176]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Lucanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fortunei">
<emphasis id="1FC4EAE47F5BFF93FC45AAEBFBF7FB72" box="[975,1060,1152,1176]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="294">fortunei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
// Saunders
<specimenCount id="3BB6FD7F7F5BFF93FB26AAEAFB13FB72" box="[1196,1216,1153,1176]" count="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="294" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
// det. Z. Zhan; [
<specimenCount id="3BB6FD7F7F5BFF93FAF2AAEBFA48FB72" box="[1400,1435,1152,1176]" count="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="294" type="male">5♂</specimenCount>
]:
<collectingCountry id="55A776667F5BFF93FF02AAC8FF32FB51" box="[136,225,1187,1211]" name="China" pageId="15" pageNumber="294">CHINA</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="EF74F8147F5BFF93FF61AAC8FE60FB51" box="[235,435,1187,1211]" country="China" name="Zhejiang" pageId="15" pageNumber="294">Zhejiang Province</collectingRegion>
, Lishui City, Yunhe County, Zhang-Jia-Di // Village, Jingning // [
<emphasis id="1FC4EAE47F5BFF93FBFAAAF5FB13FB53" bold="true" box="[1136,1216,1182,1209]" pageId="15" pageNumber="294">云和县</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="1FC4EAE47F5BFF93FB5EAAF5FAF7FB53" bold="true" box="[1236,1316,1182,1209]" pageId="15" pageNumber="294">张ẋ地</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="1FC4EAE47F5BFF93FAB2AAF5FABEFB53" bold="true" box="[1336,1389,1182,1209]" pageId="15" pageNumber="294">
D
<collectionCode id="4BA1AE337F5BFF93FAD9AAF5FABEFB53" box="[1363,1389,1182,1209]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="15" pageNumber="294">Ṫ</collectionCode>
</emphasis>
]; Alt.
<quantity id="EA489B137F5BFF93FF02AAAEFF1BFB37" box="[136,200,1221,1245]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="294" unit="m" value="900.0">900m</quantity>
; 10 July. 2019 // Zhihong Zhan leg.; [2nd label]:
<geoCoordinate id="488450317F5BFF93FD54AAAEFC85FB37" box="[734,854,1221,1245]" degrees="27.9760" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="294" precision="5" value="27.976">27.9760°N</geoCoordinate>
;
<geoCoordinate id="488450317F5BFF93FCE8AAAEFC33FB37" box="[866,992,1221,1245]" degrees="119.3745" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="294" precision="5" value="119.3745">119.3745°E</geoCoordinate>
Adult // collected on crown of host plant//
<taxonomicName id="EAB04D757F5BFF93FF02AA83FE5AFAEA" box="[136,393,1256,1280]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Cyclobalanopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="15" pageNumber="294" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glauca">
<emphasis id="1FC4EAE47F5BFF93FF02AA83FE5AFAEA" box="[136,393,1256,1280]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="294">Cyclobalanopsis glauca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
// (Thunberg) Oersted; [3rd label]:
<taxonomicName id="EAB04D757F5BFF93FC88AA82FC8EFAEA" authorityName="Scopoli" authorityYear="1763" box="[770,861,1257,1280]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Lucanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1FC4EAE47F5BFF93FC88AA82FC8EFAEA" box="[770,861,1257,1280]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="294">Lucanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
//
<taxonomicName id="EAB04D757F5BFF93FCF2AA83FC1EFAEA" authorityName="Saunders" authorityYear="1854" box="[888,973,1256,1280]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Lucanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fortunei">
<emphasis id="1FC4EAE47F5BFF93FCF2AA83FC1EFAEA" box="[888,973,1256,1280]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="294">fortunei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
// Saunders
<specimenCount id="3BB6FD7F7F5BFF93FBDAAA82FBB7FAEA" box="[1104,1124,1257,1280]" count="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="294" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
// det. Z. Zhan; [
<specimenCount id="3BB6FD7F7F5BFF93FA9CAA83FAEAFAEA" box="[1302,1337,1256,1280]" count="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="294" type="male">5♂</specimenCount>
]:
<collectingCountry id="55A776667F5BFF93FADAAA83FA7AFAEA" box="[1360,1449,1256,1280]" name="China" pageId="15" pageNumber="294">CHINA</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="EF74F8147F5BFF93FF02AB60FEEBFAC9" box="[136,312,1291,1315]" country="China" name="Fujian" pageId="15" pageNumber="294">Fujian Province</collectingRegion>
, Sanming City, Dehua County // Jiu-Xian-Shan Mt., // [
<emphasis id="1FC4EAE47F5BFF93FC2FAB6DFC26FACB" bold="true" box="[933,1013,1286,1313]" pageId="15" pageNumber="294">德化县</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="1FC4EAE47F5BFF93FB83AB6DFB8AFACB" bold="true" box="[1033,1113,1286,1313]" pageId="15" pageNumber="294">九仙山</emphasis>
]; Alt.
<quantity id="EA489B137F5BFF93FB29AB60FB23FAC9" box="[1187,1264,1291,1315]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="294" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000m</quantity>
; 15 July. 2020 // Zhihong Zhan leg.; [2nd label]:
<geoCoordinate id="488450317F5BFF93FE55AB46FD84FAAF" box="[479,599,1325,1349]" degrees="25.6977" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="294" precision="5" value="25.6977">25.6977°N</geoCoordinate>
;
<geoCoordinate id="488450317F5BFF93FDE8AB46FD0CFAAF" box="[610,735,1325,1349]" degrees="118.1152" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="294" precision="5" value="118.1152">118.1152°E</geoCoordinate>
Adult // collected on crown of host plant//
<taxonomicName id="EAB04D757F5BFF93FB20AB46FA7FFAAF" box="[1194,1452,1325,1349]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Cyclobalanopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="15" pageNumber="294" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glauca">
<emphasis id="1FC4EAE47F5BFF93FB20AB46FA7FFAAF" box="[1194,1452,1325,1349]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="294">Cyclobalanopsis glauca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
// (Thunberg) Oersted; [3rd label]:
<taxonomicName id="EAB04D757F5BFF93FD80AB3AFDB6FA82" authorityName="Scopoli" authorityYear="1763" box="[522,613,1361,1384]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Lucanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1FC4EAE47F5BFF93FD80AB3AFDB6FA82" box="[522,613,1361,1384]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="294">Lucanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
//
<taxonomicName id="EAB04D757F5BFF93FD0CAB3BFD08FA82" authorityName="Saunders" authorityYear="1854" box="[646,731,1360,1384]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Lucanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fortunei">
<emphasis id="1FC4EAE47F5BFF93FD0CAB3BFD08FA82" box="[646,731,1360,1384]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="294">fortunei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
// Saunders
<specimenCount id="3BB6FD7F7F5BFF93FCEDAB3BFCA8FA8D" box="[871,891,1360,1383]" count="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="294" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
// det. Z. Zhan; [
<specimenCount id="3BB6FD7F7F5BFF93FBB4AB3BFB8CFA8D" box="[1086,1119,1360,1384]" count="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="294" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
]:
<collectingCountry id="55A776667F5BFF93FBF3AB3BFB01FA82" box="[1145,1234,1360,1384]" name="China" pageId="15" pageNumber="294">CHINA</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="EF74F8147F5BFF93FB54AB3BFA74FA82" box="[1246,1447,1360,1384]" country="China" name="Zhejiang" pageId="15" pageNumber="294">Zhejiang Province</collectingRegion>
, Lishui City, Yunhe County, Zhang-Jia-Di // Village, Jingning // [
<emphasis id="1FC4EAE47F5BFF93FCD0AB05FC7FFA63" bold="true" box="[858,940,1390,1417]" pageId="15" pageNumber="294">云和县</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="1FC4EAE47F5BFF93FC4BAB05FBC0FA63" bold="true" box="[961,1043,1390,1417]" pageId="15" pageNumber="294">张ẋ地</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="1FC4EAE47F5BFF93FBA3AB05FBB3FA63" bold="true" box="[1065,1120,1390,1417]" pageId="15" pageNumber="294">
D
<collectionCode id="4BA1AE337F5BFF93FBCFAB05FBB3FA63" box="[1093,1120,1390,1417]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="15" pageNumber="294">Ṫ</collectionCode>
</emphasis>
]; Alt.
<quantity id="EA489B137F5BFF93FB26AB18FB3FFA61" box="[1196,1260,1395,1419]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="294" unit="m" value="900.0">900m</quantity>
; 10 July. 2019 // Zhihong Zhan leg.; [2nd label]:
<geoCoordinate id="488450317F5BFF93FE55ABFEFD84FA47" box="[479,599,1429,1453]" degrees="27.9760" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="294" precision="5" value="27.976">27.9760°N</geoCoordinate>
;
<geoCoordinate id="488450317F5BFF93FDE8ABFEFD33FA47" box="[610,736,1429,1453]" degrees="119.3745" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="294" precision="5" value="119.3745">119.3745°E</geoCoordinate>
Adult // collected on crown of host plant//
<taxonomicName id="EAB04D757F5BFF93FB20ABFEFA7FFA47" box="[1194,1452,1429,1453]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Cyclobalanopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="15" pageNumber="294" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glauca">
<emphasis id="1FC4EAE47F5BFF93FB20ABFEFA7FFA47" box="[1194,1452,1429,1453]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="294">Cyclobalanopsis glauca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
// (Thunberg) Oersted; [3rd label]:
<taxonomicName id="EAB04D757F5BFF93FE76ABD2FD84FA3A" authorityName="Scopoli" authorityYear="1763" box="[508,599,1465,1488]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Lucanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1FC4EAE47F5BFF93FE76ABD2FD84FA3A" box="[508,599,1465,1488]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="294">Lucanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
//
<taxonomicName id="EAB04D757F5BFF93FDF9ABD3FD1BFA3A" authorityName="Saunders" authorityYear="1854" box="[627,712,1464,1488]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Lucanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fortunei">
<emphasis id="1FC4EAE47F5BFF93FDF9ABD3FD1BFA3A" box="[627,712,1464,1488]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="294">fortunei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
// Saunders
<specimenCount id="3BB6FD7F7F5BFF93FCC6ABD3FCB3FA25" box="[844,864,1464,1487]" count="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="294" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
// det. Z. Zhan.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D0F36F67F5BFF93FF34ABB0FD7BFA19" blockId="15.[136,1452,867,2078]" box="[190,680,1498,1523]" pageId="15" pageNumber="294">
Body length
<quantity id="EA489B137F5BFF93FECDABB1FE0DFA18" box="[327,478,1498,1522]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.085" metricValueMax="5.74" metricValueMin="2.43" pageId="15" pageNumber="294" unit="mm" value="40.85" valueMax="57.4" valueMin="24.3">24.3–57.4 mm</quantity>
(
<specimenCount id="3BB6FD7F7F5BFF93FE64ABB0FDD1FA18" box="[494,514,1499,1522]" count="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="294" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
);
<quantity id="EA489B137F5BFF93FD93ABB0FDA7FA18" box="[537,628,1499,1523]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.35" pageId="15" pageNumber="294" unit="mm" value="23.5">23.5 mm</quantity>
(
<specimenCount id="3BB6FD7F7F5BFF93FD0EABB0FD4BFA18" box="[644,664,1499,1522]" count="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="294" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D0F36F67F5BFF8CFF37AB96FCB4FECD" blockId="15.[136,1452,867,2078]" lastBlockId="16.[136,1452,236,468]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="295" pageId="15" pageNumber="294">Description. Major male. Body brownish to reddish, length of head, including mandibles, 1.4× width of pronotum and elytra. Head brownish to reddish; mandibles incurved along basal 1/3, straight at middle and apical 1/3; major inner mandibular tooth located at 3/4 of mandibular length, triangular protruding forward and not inflated on either side, 5–6 small inner mandibular teeth located below and above major inner mandibular tooth; apical mandibular forks strongly developed, widely open from front, upper branches of apical fork subequal in length to those of lower apical fork branches; lateral ridges of head well rounded, evenly convex at end of head; clypeolabrum weakly developed, trapezoidal, labrum triangular, single-pointed along midlength. Pronotum brownish to reddish; straight along apex and basal 1/3, weakly rounded at midlength; width 0.5–0.6× that of head and mandibles; prothoracic tibiae reddish, bearing 4–5 spines from apex to midlength; mesothoracic tibiae yellowish to reddish, bearing 2–3 spines at midlength; metathoracic tibiae yellowish to reddish, bearing two spines at basal 1/3. Elytra reddish, usually significantly brighter than head and pronotum; oval, widest at apical 1/3, strongly narrow at basal 1/3. Median male as major male except: head with major inner mandibular tooth single-pointed, weakly triangular pointing forward;&gt;5 small inner mandibular teeth located below and above major tooth, upper denticles always forming a gap between last small tooth and major tooth. Minor male as major and median males except: head with major inner mandibular tooth weakly developed to absent, if developed, single-pointed and not triangular; &lt;5 small inner mandibular teeth located below and above major tooth, upper denticles always forming a gap between last small tooth and major tooth. Genitalia. Ventral plate of 9th abdominal segment constricted before caudal expansion; basal piece usually well defined, 0.3–0.4× length of entire aedeagus; apical flagellum enlarged, flagellum 1.3–1.4× length of aedeagus; aedeagus slender, incurved at basal 1/3, triangular distally.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D0F36F67F44FF8DFF37AF59FCF3FE86" blockId="16.[136,1452,236,468]" lastBlockId="17.[136,1452,236,711]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="296" pageId="16" pageNumber="295">Female. Body dark brownish to black, oval, usually smaller than major and median males, subequal in length or larger than minor male. Head brownish to black; surface punctate; mandibles incurved along basal 1/3 and apical 1/3; mandibular tooth weakly developed, asymmetrical; right mandibular tooth triangular; left mandibular tooth smooth; preocular and postocular margins weakly developed, not forming acute angle or protruding apically; clypeolabrum weakly developed, triangular, single-pointed at middle. Pronotum brownish to black; obscurely punctate; prothoracic tibiae reddish, bearing four spines from apex to midlength; distal two spines strongly developed; prothoracic tibiae 1.2–1.4× width of mesothoracic and metathoracic tibiae; mesothoracic tibiae reddish or brownish, bearing 1–2 spines at midlength; metathoracic tibiae reddish to brownish, bearing 1–2 spines along basal 1/3. Elytra brownish, impunctate, concolorous with head and pronotum; oval, widest along apical 1/3, strongly narrow along basal 1/3.</paragraph>
<caption id="79CF667E7F44FF8CFF11A9B4FB55F7FE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10941640" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10941640" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10941640/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="295" startId="16.[155,227,2015,2037]" targetBox="[192,1394,544,1972]" targetPageId="16" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="2D0F36F67F44FF8CFF11A9B4FB55F7FE" blockId="16.[155,1433,2015,2069]" pageId="16" pageNumber="295">
Figures 30–37. Habitus of
<taxonomicName id="EAB04D757F44FF8CFE2BA98BFD95F81E" authorityName="Saunders" authorityYear="1854" box="[417,582,2015,2037]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Lucanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="295" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fortunei">
<emphasis id="1FC4EAE47F44FF8CFE2BA98BFD95F81E" box="[417,582,2015,2037]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="295">Lucanus fortunei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 30. Male, dorsal view. 31. Male, ventral view. 32. Male, lateral view. 33. Major male. 34. Median male. 35. Minor male. 36. Female, dorsal view. 37. Female, ventral view. Scale bar= 10 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="2D0F36F67F45FF8DFF37AF1CFA4BFE65" blockId="17.[136,1452,236,711]" box="[189,1432,375,399]" pageId="17" pageNumber="296">
Distribution.
<collectingCountry id="55A776667F45FF8DFEC6AF1CFE5FFE65" box="[332,396,375,399]" name="China" pageId="17" pageNumber="296">China</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="EF74F8147F45FF8DFE13AF1CFE33FE65" box="[409,480,375,399]" country="China" name="Anhui" pageId="17" pageNumber="296">Anhui</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="EF74F8147F45FF8DFE61AF1CFD9EFE65" box="[491,589,375,399]" country="China" name="Zhejiang" pageId="17" pageNumber="296">Zhejiang</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="EF74F8147F45FF8DFDDDAF1CFD4DFE65" box="[599,670,375,399]" country="China" name="Fujian" pageId="17" pageNumber="296">Fujian</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="EF74F8147F45FF8DFD23AF1CFD2AFE65" box="[681,761,375,399]" country="China" name="Jiangxi" pageId="17" pageNumber="296">Jiangxi</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="EF74F8147F45FF8DFC89AF1CFC9EFE64" box="[771,845,375,398]" country="China" name="Hunan" pageId="17" pageNumber="296">Hunan</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="EF74F8147F45FF8DFCDDAF1CFC48FE65" box="[855,923,375,399]" country="China" name="Hubei" pageId="17" pageNumber="296">Hubei</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="EF74F8147F45FF8DFC2CAF1CFC2DFE65" box="[934,1022,375,399]" country="China" name="Sichuan" pageId="17" pageNumber="296">Sichuan</collectingRegion>
) (Huang &amp; Chen, 2010;
<bibRefCitation id="49214B077F45FF8DFA8DAF1CFA5FFE65" author="Fujita" box="[1287,1420,375,399]" pageId="17" pageNumber="296" refId="ref49901" refString="Fujita, H. 2010. The Lucanid Beetles of the World. Mushi-sha, Tokyo. 472 pp." type="book" year="2010">Fujita, 2010</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D0F36F67F45FF8DFF37AFF1FF26FE1D" blockId="17.[136,1452,236,711]" pageId="17" pageNumber="296">
Phenology. Adults of
<taxonomicName id="EAB04D757F45FF8DFE29AFF1FDC0FE58" authorityName="Saunders" authorityYear="1854" box="[419,531,410,434]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Lucanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="296" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fortunei">
<emphasis id="1FC4EAE47F45FF8DFE29AFF1FDC0FE58" box="[419,531,410,434]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="296">L. fortunei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have been collected from late June to mid-July. According to
<bibRefCitation id="49214B077F45FF8DFB2EAFF1FAE1FE58" author="Fujita" box="[1188,1330,410,434]" pageId="17" pageNumber="296" refId="ref49901" refString="Fujita, H. 2010. The Lucanid Beetles of the World. Mushi-sha, Tokyo. 472 pp." type="book" year="2010">Fujita (2010)</bibRefCitation>
, specimens of
<taxonomicName id="EAB04D757F45FF8DFF2FAFD6FEC6FE3E" authorityName="Saunders" authorityYear="1854" box="[165,277,444,468]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Lucanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="296" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fortunei">
<emphasis id="1FC4EAE47F45FF8DFF2FAFD6FEC6FE3E" box="[165,277,444,468]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="296">L. fortunei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingRegion id="EF74F8147F45FF8DFEDFAFD7FE78FE3E" box="[341,427,444,468]" country="China" name="Sichuan" pageId="17" pageNumber="296">Sichuan</collectingRegion>
could be collected during early June. However, such collecting dates were not confirmed during this study.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D0F36F67F45FF8DFF37AC69FCD1FD4F" blockId="17.[136,1452,236,711]" pageId="17" pageNumber="296">
Natural history. The typical host plant of
<taxonomicName id="EAB04D757F45FF8DFD0CAC69FD2AFDF0" authorityName="Saunders" authorityYear="1854" box="[646,761,514,538]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Lucanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="296" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fortunei">
<emphasis id="1FC4EAE47F45FF8DFD0CAC69FD2AFDF0" box="[646,761,514,538]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="296">L. fortunei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is
<taxonomicName id="EAB04D757F45FF8DFC97AC69FBF2FDF0" box="[797,1057,514,538]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Cyclobalanopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="17" pageNumber="296" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glauca">
<emphasis id="1FC4EAE47F45FF8DFC97AC69FBF2FDF0" box="[797,1057,514,538]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="296">Cyclobalanopsis glauca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; adults usually are found at heights around
<quantity id="EA489B137F45FF8DFF52AC4FFECFFDD6" box="[216,284,548,572]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="296" unit="m" value="7.0" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="5.0">
5–
<specimenCount id="3BB6FD7F7F45FF8DFF7EAC4FFECFFDD6" box="[244,284,548,572]" count="9" pageId="17" pageNumber="296" type="generic">9 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
. Adult longevity is 10–15 days. There is no published association of larvae and adults. Current rearing records have, however, been recorded by stag beetle amateurs. According to their descriptions, larvae of
<taxonomicName id="EAB04D757F45FF8DFB38AC23FAF6FDB5" authorityName="Saunders" authorityYear="1854" box="[1202,1317,583,607]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Lucanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="296" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fortunei">
<emphasis id="1FC4EAE47F45FF8DFB38AC23FAF6FDB5" box="[1202,1317,583,607]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="296">L. fortunei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
require low temperature (stable 18°C) for their first and second instars. The final larval instar requires stable temperatures around 20– 21°C. The entire larval development is usually 1–1.2 years.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D0F36F67F45FF8DFF37ACC4FD19FD2D" blockId="17.[136,1452,236,711]" box="[189,714,687,711]" pageId="17" pageNumber="296">Collecting methods. Hand and net-trap collected.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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