353 lines
47 KiB
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353 lines
47 KiB
XML
<document id="97A9283CBAD45E4AAD8A83FB20B1798E" ID-DOI="10.11865/zs.2023401" ID-ISSN="2095-6827" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10941626" ID-ZooBank="46AA3E9C-C065-415D-946B-0813AF169B14" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1712576771858" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Zhan, Zhihong & Young, Daniel K." docDate="2023" docId="A51987E07F4AFFBCFF02ABBCFF24F978" docLanguage="en" docName="ZoolSyst.48.4.279-360.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Systematics 48 (4)" docSource="https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/cd623f69-5c7c-3c23-9a34-77dc60046e57/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:07E7829F32901B127B59E960199959BD.1:ZoolSyst.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="07E7829F32901B127B59E960199959BD" docStyleName="ZoolSyst.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Lucanus brivioi Zilioli 2003" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="311" masterDocId="5920FF987F54FF9CFF8AAE6BFFD3FFEA" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic assessment and redefinition of the Lucanus fortunei species group in China (Coleoptera: Lucanidae: Lucaninae)" masterLastPageNumber="360" masterPageNumber="279" pageNumber="309" updateTime="1712578213860" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="A6B211298DBEA58039BA95030DFD1A88">A taxonomic assessment and redefinition of the Lucanus fortunei species group in China (Coleoptera: Lucanidae: Lucaninae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="1C9A5D58AC204FBA686E569DB59A320F">Zhan, Zhihong</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="7A73965690AC6BFDBC89054AEB476F17">Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210000, China & Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA Corresponding author, E-mail: young @ entomology. wisc. edu</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="4B895C307B8E09A1BE5809CD0E291BAE">Young, Daniel K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="A55CFC3199068DFE69C9D8FABE67C5AD">Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA Corresponding author, E-mail: young @ entomology. wisc. edu</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="1F1A9496845B766BACE568408546BA2F">Zoological Systematics</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="ED90C7DE3392FE5B3BB37C7457E809CF">2023</mods:date>
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<treatment id="A51987E07F4AFFBCFF02ABBCFF24F978" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10941413" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10941413" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A51987E07F4AFFBCFF02ABBCFF24F978" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A51987E07F4AFFBCFF02ABBCFF24F978" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="311" pageId="30" pageNumber="309">
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<paragraph id="2D0F36F67F4AFF82FF02ABBCFC0BFA05" blockId="30.[136,1452,1495,2092]" box="[136,984,1495,1519]" pageId="30" pageNumber="309">
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<heading id="7647819A7F4AFF82FF02ABBCFC0BFA05" box="[136,984,1495,1519]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="30" pageNumber="309" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="EAB04D757F4AFF82FF02ABBCFE17FA05" ID-CoL="6QP3Q" authority="Zilioli, 2003" authorityName="Zilioli" authorityYear="2003" box="[136,452,1495,1519]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Lucanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="309" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brivioi">
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<emphasis id="1FC4EAE47F4AFF82FF02ABBCFE17FA05" bold="true" box="[136,452,1495,1519]" pageId="30" pageNumber="309">
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<emphasis id="1FC4EAE47F4AFF82FF02ABBCFEE5FA05" bold="true" box="[136,310,1495,1519]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="309">Lucanus brivioi</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="49214B077F4AFF82FEB7ABBCFE17FA05" author="Zilioli" box="[317,452,1495,1519]" pageId="30" pageNumber="309" pagination="83 - 89" refId="ref51680" refString="Zilioli, M. 2003. Lucanus brivioi n. sp., a new stag beetles from the Wuyi shan mountains, Fujian, China. Atti della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano, 144 (1): 83 - 89." type="journal article" year="2003">Zilioli, 2003</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation id="B58B2A737F4AFF82FE68ABBCFD8EFA05" box="[482,605,1495,1519]" captionStart="Figures 86–93" captionStartId="31.[155,227,1743,1765]" captionTargetBox="[197,1395,268,1700]" captionTargetId="figure-163@31.[189,1399,267,1703]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figures 86–93. Habitus of Lucanus brivioi. 86. Male, dorsal view. 87. Male, ventral view. 88. Male, lateral view. 89. Major male. 90. Median male. 91. Minor male. 92. Female, dorsal view. 93. Female, ventral view. Scale bar=10mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10941662" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10941662/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="309">Figs 86–93</figureCitation>
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,
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||
<figureCitation id="B58B2A737F4AFF82FDE2ABBCFD40FA05" box="[616,659,1495,1519]" captionStart="Figures 244–259" captionStartId="67.[155,227,1984,2006]" captionTargetBox="[193,1395,268,1930]" captionTargetId="figure-83@67.[189,1399,266,1936]" captionTargetPageId="67" captionText="Figures 244–259. Head characters of Lucanus spp., male. 244. L. chengyuani. 245. L. datunensis. 246. L. delavayi. 247. L. derani derani. 248. L. derani fukinukiae. 249. L. fortunei. 250. L. fujianensis. 251. L. kirchneri. 252. L. klapperichi. 253. L. moae. 254. L. swinhoei. 255. L. wuyishanensis. 256. L. brivioi. 257. L. cenwanglaoshanus. 258. L. deuveinaus. 259. L. fairmairei. Scale bar=10mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10941723" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10941723/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="309">256</figureCitation>
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,
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||
<figureCitation id="B58B2A737F4AFF82FD17ABBCFD1BFA05" box="[669,712,1495,1519]" captionStart="Figures 276–307" captionStartId="69.[155,227,1902,1924]" captionTargetBox="[191,1398,252,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-151@69.[189,1398,247,1874]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="Figures 276–307. Prothoracic tibial characters of Lucanus spp., male. 276. L. chengyuani. 277. L. datunensis. 278. L. delavayi. 279. L. derani derani. 280. L. derani fukinukiae. 281. L. fortunei. 282. L. fujianensis. 283. L. kirchneri. 284. L. klapperichi. 285. L. moae. 286. L. swinhoei. 287. L. wuyishanensis. 288. L. brivioi. 289. L. cenwanglaoshanus. 290. L. deuveinaus. 291. L. fairmairei. 292. L. fonti. 293. L. formosus. 294. L. fujitai. 295. L. hewenjiae. 296. L. liuweii. 297. L. miwai. 298. L. szetschuanicus. 299. L. yulaoensis. 300. L. zhanbishengi. 301. L. zhuxiangi. 302. L. dirki. 303. L. kraatzi kraatzi. 304. L. liupengyui. 305. L. nobilis. 306. L. shulini. 307. L. parryi. Scale bar=10mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10941729" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10941729/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="309">288</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="B58B2A737F4AFF82FD59ABBCFD2EFA05" box="[723,765,1495,1519]" captionStart="Figures 308–323" captionStartId="70.[155,227,1993,2015]" captionTargetBox="[192,1396,270,1938]" captionTargetId="figure-92@70.[189,1399,267,1953]" captionTargetPageId="70" captionText="Figures 308–323. Head characters of Lucanus spp., female. 308. L. delavayi. 309. L. derani derani. 310. L. derani fukinukiae. 311. L. fortunei. 312. L. fujianensis. 313. L. kirchneri. 314. L. klapperichi. 315. L. moae. 316. L. swinhoei. 317. L. wuyishanensis. 318. L. brivioi. 319. L. cenwanglaoshanus. 320. L. deuveinaus. 321. L. fairmairei. 322. L. fonti. 323. L. formosus. Scale bar=10mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10941731" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10941731/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="309">318</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="B58B2A737F4AFF82FC82ABBCFCE0FA05" box="[776,819,1495,1519]" captionStart="Figures 336–363" captionStartId="72.[155,227,1929,1951]" captionTargetBox="[190,1395,375,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-194@72.[189,1399,373,1885]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="Figures 336–363. Prothoracic tibial characters of Lucanus spp., female. 336. L. delavayi. 337. L. derani derani. 338. L. derani fukinukiae. 339. L. fortunei. 340. L. fujianensis. 341. L. kirchneri. 342. L. klapperichi. 343. L. moae. 344. L. swinhoei. 345. L. wuyishanensis. 346. L. brivioi. 347. L. cenwanglaoshanus. 348. L. deuveinaus. 349. L. fairmairei. 350. L. fonti. 351. L. formosus. 352. L. hewenjiae. 353. L. liuweii. 354. L. miwai. 355. L. szetschuanicus. 356. L. zhanbishengi. 357. L. zhuxiangi. 358. L. dirki. 359. L. kraatzi kraatzi. 360. L. liupengyui. 361. L. nobilis. 362. L. shulini. 363. L. parryi. Scale bar=10mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10941737" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10941737/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="309">346</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="B58B2A737F4AFF82FCB7ABBCFC4EFA05" box="[829,925,1495,1519]" captionStart="Figures 388–411" captionStartId="74.[155,227,1866,1888]" captionTargetBox="[192,1394,394,1826]" captionTargetId="figure-191@74.[189,1399,388,1826]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="Figures 388–411. Male genitalia of Lucanus spp., dorsal view. 388. L. moae, dorsal view. 389. L. moae, ventral view. 390. L. moae, lateral view. 391. L. swinhoei, dorsal view. 392. L. swinhoei, ventral view. 393. L. swinhoei, lateral view. 394. L. wuyishanensis, dorsal view. 395. L. wuyishanensis, ventral view. 396. L. wuyishanensis, lateral view. 397. L. brivioi, dorsal view. 398. L. brivioi, ventral view. 399. L. brivioi, lateral view. 400. L. cenwanglaoshanus, dorsal view. 401. L. cenwanglaoshanus, ventral view. 402. L. cenwanglaoshanus, lateral view. 403. L. deuveinaus, dorsal view. 404. L. deuveinaus, ventral view. 405. L. deuveinaus, lateral view. 406. L. fairmairei, dorsal view. 407. L. fairmairei, ventral view. 408. L. fairmairei, lateral view. 409. L. fonti, dorsal view. 410. L. fonti, ventral view. 411. L. fonti, lateral view. Scale bar=10mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10941743" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10941743/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="309">397–399</figureCitation>
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,
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||
<figureCitation id="B58B2A737F4AFF82FC22ABBCFC01FA05" box="[936,978,1495,1519]" captionStart="Figures 467–476" captionStartId="78.[155,227,1963,1985]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,239,1939]" captionTargetId="figure-97@78.[189,1399,239,1940]" captionTargetPageId="78" captionText="Figures 467–476. Lucanus spp. 467. Adults of L. brivioi on host plant in Fujian. 468. Male of L. fairmairei in Sichuan. 469. Male of L. fonti in Zhejiang. 470. Male of L. formosus in Yunnan. 471. Male of L. liuweii collected from host plant in Zhejiang. 472. Male of L. miwai on grass in Taiwan. 473. Male of L. zhuxiangi in Guangdong. 474. Male of L. dirki in Yunnan. 475. Male of L. parryi in Sichuan. 476. Final instar larva of L. kirchneri." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10941753" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10941753/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="309">467</figureCitation>
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)
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="0DA011D87F4AFF82FF02AB91FADFF9FA" box="[136,1292,1530,1552]" pageId="30" pageNumber="309">
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<treatmentCitation id="AC1110E77F4AFF82FF02AB91FE03F9FA" author="Zilioli" box="[136,464,1530,1552]" page="266" pageId="30" pageNumber="309" year="2003">
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<taxonomicName id="EAB04D757F4AFF82FF02AB91FE03F9FA" ID-CoL="6QP3Q" authority="Zilioli, 2003: 266" authorityName="Zilioli" authorityPageNumber="266" authorityYear="2003" box="[136,464,1530,1552]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Lucanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="309" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brivioi">
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<emphasis id="1FC4EAE47F4AFF82FF02AB91FEF3F9E5" box="[136,288,1530,1551]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="309">Lucanus brivioi</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="49214B077F4AFF82FEAFAB91FE03F9FA" author="Zilioli" box="[293,464,1530,1552]" pageId="30" pageNumber="309" pagination="83 - 89" refId="ref51680" refString="Zilioli, M. 2003. Lucanus brivioi n. sp., a new stag beetles from the Wuyi shan mountains, Fujian, China. Atti della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano, 144 (1): 83 - 89." type="journal article" year="2003">Zilioli, 2003: 266</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
|
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</treatmentCitation>
|
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, figs 1–4; Huang & Chen, 2010: 82–83, plate 63, fig. 3; Huang & Chen, 2017: 16–17.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="65AA657D7F4AFFBCFF34A844FF24F978" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="311" pageId="30" pageNumber="309" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="2D0F36F67F4AFF82FF34A844FE72F7C6" blockId="30.[136,1452,1495,2092]" pageId="30" pageNumber="309">
|
||
Material examined. [
|
||
<specimenCount id="3BB6FD7F7F4AFF82FE17A845FE13F9AC" box="[413,448,1582,1606]" count="5" pageId="30" pageNumber="309" type="male">5♂</specimenCount>
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]:
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||
<collectingCountry id="55A776667F4AFF82FE52A844FDE2F9AD" box="[472,561,1583,1607]" name="China" pageId="30" pageNumber="309">CHINA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
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||
<collectingRegion id="EF74F8147F4AFF82FDB6A844FD3AF9AD" box="[572,745,1583,1607]" country="China" name="Fujian" pageId="30" pageNumber="309">Fujian Province</collectingRegion>
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||
, Sanming City, De-Hua County // Jiu-Xian-Shan Mt., // [
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||
<emphasis id="1FC4EAE47F4AFF82FADFA841FA76F9AF" bold="true" box="[1365,1445,1578,1605]" pageId="30" pageNumber="309">三fi市</emphasis>
|
||
,
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||
<emphasis id="1FC4EAE47F4AFF82FF02A827FF0BF98D" bold="true" box="[136,216,1612,1639]" pageId="30" pageNumber="309">德化县</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="1FC4EAE47F4AFF82FF66A827FEEFF98D" bold="true" box="[236,316,1612,1639]" pageId="30" pageNumber="309">九仙山</emphasis>
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||
]; Alt.
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||
<quantity id="EA489B137F4AFF82FE09A83AFE03F983" box="[387,464,1617,1641]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="309" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000m</quantity>
|
||
; 15 July. 2019 // Zhihong Zhan leg.; [2nd label]:
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||
<geoCoordinate id="488450317F4AFF82FC63A83AFBB2F983" box="[1001,1121,1617,1641]" degrees="25.6977" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="30" pageNumber="309" precision="5" value="25.6977">25.6977°N</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<geoCoordinate id="488450317F4AFF82FBE7A83AFB39F983" box="[1133,1258,1617,1641]" degrees="118.1152" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="30" pageNumber="309" precision="5" value="118.1152">118.1152°E</geoCoordinate>
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||
Adult // collected on host plant//
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||
<taxonomicName id="EAB04D757F4AFF82FEAEA81FFDF6F966" box="[292,549,1652,1676]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Cyclobalanopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="30" pageNumber="309" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glauca">
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||
<emphasis id="1FC4EAE47F4AFF82FEAEA81FFDF6F966" box="[292,549,1652,1676]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="309">Cyclobalanopsis glauca</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
// (Thunberg) Oersted; [3rd label]:
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||
<taxonomicName id="EAB04D757F4AFF82FC12A81EFC20F966" authorityName="Scopoli" authorityYear="1763" box="[920,1011,1653,1676]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Lucanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="309" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1FC4EAE47F4AFF82FC12A81EFC20F966" box="[920,1011,1653,1676]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="309">Lucanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
//
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EAB04D757F4AFF82FB86A81FFB80F966" authorityName="Zilioli" authorityYear="2003" box="[1036,1107,1652,1676]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Lucanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="309" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brivioi">
|
||
<emphasis id="1FC4EAE47F4AFF82FB86A81FFB80F966" box="[1036,1107,1652,1676]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="309">brivioi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
// Zilioli
|
||
<specimenCount id="3BB6FD7F7F4AFF82FB3CA81FFB19F961" box="[1206,1226,1652,1675]" count="1" pageId="30" pageNumber="309" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
// det. Z. Zhan; [
|
||
<specimenCount id="3BB6FD7F7F4AFF82FAF2A81FFA48F961" box="[1400,1435,1652,1676]" count="5" pageId="30" pageNumber="309" type="male">5♂</specimenCount>
|
||
]:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="55A776667F4AFF82FF02A8FCFF33F945" box="[136,224,1687,1711]" name="China" pageId="30" pageNumber="309">CHINA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="EF74F8147F4AFF82FF66A8FCFE4FF945" box="[236,412,1687,1711]" country="China" name="Fujian" pageId="30" pageNumber="309">Fujian Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Sanming City, Dehua County // Jiu-Xian-Shan Mt., // [
|
||
<emphasis id="1FC4EAE47F4AFF82FB8AA8F9FB83F947" bold="true" box="[1024,1104,1682,1709]" pageId="30" pageNumber="309">德化县</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="1FC4EAE47F4AFF82FBEEA8F9FB67F947" bold="true" box="[1124,1204,1682,1709]" pageId="30" pageNumber="309">九仙山</emphasis>
|
||
]; Alt.
|
||
<quantity id="EA489B137F4AFF82FB77A8FCFA99F945" box="[1277,1354,1687,1711]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="309" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000m</quantity>
|
||
; 15 July. 2020 // Zhihong Zhan leg.; [2nd label]:
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="488450317F4AFF82FDBAA8D2FD7BF93B" box="[560,680,1721,1745]" degrees="25.6977" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="30" pageNumber="309" precision="5" value="25.6977">25.6977°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="488450317F4AFF82FD39A8D2FCFCF93B" box="[691,815,1721,1745]" degrees="118.1152" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="30" pageNumber="309" precision="5" value="118.1152">118.1152°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
Adult // collected on crown of host plant//
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EAB04D757F4AFF82FB70A8D2FF02F91E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Cyclobalanopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="30" pageNumber="309" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glauca">
|
||
<emphasis id="1FC4EAE47F4AFF82FB70A8D2FF02F91E" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="309">Cyclobalanopsis glauca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
// (Thunberg) Oersted; [3rd label]:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EAB04D757F4AFF82FDD2A8B6FD60F91E" authorityName="Scopoli" authorityYear="1763" box="[600,691,1757,1780]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Lucanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="309" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1FC4EAE47F4AFF82FDD2A8B6FD60F91E" box="[600,691,1757,1780]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="309">Lucanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
//
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EAB04D757F4AFF82FD59A8B7FCC9F91E" authorityName="Zilioli" authorityYear="2003" box="[723,794,1756,1780]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Lucanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="309" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brivioi">
|
||
<emphasis id="1FC4EAE47F4AFF82FD59A8B7FCC9F91E" box="[723,794,1756,1780]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="309">brivioi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
// Zilioli
|
||
<specimenCount id="3BB6FD7F7F4AFF82FC0CA8B7FC49F919" box="[902,922,1756,1779]" count="1" pageId="30" pageNumber="309" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
// det. Z. Zhan; [
|
||
<specimenCount id="3BB6FD7F7F4AFF82FBD3A8B7FBA8F919" box="[1113,1147,1756,1780]" count="5" pageId="30" pageNumber="309" type="male">5♂</specimenCount>
|
||
]:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="55A776667F4AFF82FB1EA8B7FB3EF91E" box="[1172,1261,1756,1780]" name="China" pageId="30" pageNumber="309">CHINA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="EF74F8147F4AFF82FB73A8B7FA7BF91E" box="[1273,1448,1756,1780]" country="China" name="Fujian" pageId="30" pageNumber="309">Fujian Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Sanming City, Dehua County // Jiu-Xian-Shan Mt., // [
|
||
<emphasis id="1FC4EAE47F4AFF82FD55A891FCFCF8FF" bold="true" box="[735,815,1786,1813]" pageId="30" pageNumber="309">三fi市</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="1FC4EAE47F4AFF82FCC9A891FC40F8FF" bold="true" box="[835,915,1786,1813]" pageId="30" pageNumber="309">德化县</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="1FC4EAE47F4AFF82FC2DA891FC24F8FF" bold="true" box="[935,1015,1786,1813]" pageId="30" pageNumber="309">九仙山</emphasis>
|
||
]; Alt.
|
||
<quantity id="EA489B137F4AFF82FBB5A894FB5FF8FD" box="[1087,1164,1791,1815]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="309" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000m</quantity>
|
||
; 13 June. 2021 // Zhihong Zhan leg.; [2nd label]:
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="488450317F4AFF82FE1BA94AFDDAF8D3" box="[401,521,1825,1849]" degrees="25.6977" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="30" pageNumber="309" precision="5" value="25.6977">25.6977°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="488450317F4AFF82FD93A94AFD45F8D3" box="[537,662,1825,1849]" degrees="118.1152" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="30" pageNumber="309" precision="5" value="118.1152">118.1152°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
Adult // collected on crown of host plant//
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EAB04D757F4AFF82FB01A94AFA42F8D3" box="[1163,1425,1825,1849]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Cyclobalanopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="30" pageNumber="309" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glauca">
|
||
<emphasis id="1FC4EAE47F4AFF82FB01A94AFA42F8D3" box="[1163,1425,1825,1849]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="309">Cyclobalanopsis glauca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
// (Thunberg) Oersted; [3rd label]:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EAB04D757F4AFF82FE69A92EFDEDF8B6" authorityName="Scopoli" authorityYear="1763" box="[483,574,1861,1884]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Lucanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="309" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1FC4EAE47F4AFF82FE69A92EFDEDF8B6" box="[483,574,1861,1884]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="309">Lucanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
//
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EAB04D757F4AFF82FDD2A92FFD4CF8B6" authorityName="Zilioli" authorityYear="2003" box="[600,671,1860,1884]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Lucanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="309" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brivioi">
|
||
<emphasis id="1FC4EAE47F4AFF82FDD2A92FFD4CF8B6" box="[600,671,1860,1884]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="309">brivioi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
// Zilioli
|
||
<specimenCount id="3BB6FD7F7F4AFF82FC8BA92FFCC6F8B1" box="[769,789,1860,1883]" count="1" pageId="30" pageNumber="309" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
// det. Z. Zhan; [
|
||
<specimenCount id="3BB6FD7F7F4AFF82FC4FA92FFC34F8B1" box="[965,999,1860,1884]" count="5" pageId="30" pageNumber="309" type="male">5♂</specimenCount>
|
||
]:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="55A776667F4AFF82FC77A92FFB85F8B6" box="[1021,1110,1860,1884]" name="China" pageId="30" pageNumber="309">CHINA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="EF74F8147F4AFF82FBD5A92FFAD8F8B6" box="[1119,1291,1860,1884]" country="China" name="Fujian" pageId="30" pageNumber="309">Fujian Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Sanming City, Dehua County // Lian-Hua-Feng Mt., // [
|
||
<emphasis id="1FC4EAE47F4AFF82FDB4A909FD5DF897" bold="true" box="[574,654,1890,1917]" pageId="30" pageNumber="309">三fi市</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="1FC4EAE47F4AFF82FD28A909FD21F897" bold="true" box="[674,754,1890,1917]" pageId="30" pageNumber="309">德化县</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="1FC4EAE47F4AFF82FC8CA909FC85F897" bold="true" box="[774,854,1890,1917]" pageId="30" pageNumber="309">
|
||
<collectionCode id="4BA1AE337F4AFF82FC8CA909FC93F897" box="[774,832,1890,1917]" pageId="30" pageNumber="309">KAE</collectionCode>
|
||
峰
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
]; Alt.
|
||
<quantity id="EA489B137F4AFF82FC11A90CFC3BF895" box="[923,1000,1895,1919]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="30" pageNumber="309" unit="m" value="1200.0">1200m</quantity>
|
||
; 18 June. 2021 // Zhihong Zhan leg.; [2nd label]:
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="488450317F4AFF82FF5EA9E2FE9EF84B" box="[212,333,1929,1953]" degrees="28.0946" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="30" pageNumber="309" precision="5" value="28.0946">28.0946°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="488450317F4AFF82FED3A9E2FE04F84B" box="[345,471,1929,1953]" degrees="118.5218" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="30" pageNumber="309" precision="5" value="118.5218">118.5218°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
Adult // collected on crown of host plant//
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EAB04D757F4AFF82FC24A9E2FB62F84B" box="[942,1201,1929,1953]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Cyclobalanopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="30" pageNumber="309" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glauca">
|
||
<emphasis id="1FC4EAE47F4AFF82FC24A9E2FB62F84B" box="[942,1201,1929,1953]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="309">Cyclobalanopsis glauca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
// (Thunberg) Oersted; [3rd label]:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EAB04D757F4AFF82FE8DA9C6FEB2F82E" authorityName="Scopoli" authorityYear="1763" box="[263,353,1965,1988]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Lucanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="309" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1FC4EAE47F4AFF82FE8DA9C6FEB2F82E" box="[263,353,1965,1988]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="309">Lucanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
//
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EAB04D757F4AFF82FEF5A9C7FE15F82E" authorityName="Zilioli" authorityYear="2003" box="[383,454,1964,1988]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Lucanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="309" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brivioi">
|
||
<emphasis id="1FC4EAE47F4AFF82FEF5A9C7FE15F82E" box="[383,454,1964,1988]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="309">brivioi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
// Zilioli
|
||
<specimenCount id="3BB6FD7F7F4AFF82FDA7A9C7FD92F829" box="[557,577,1964,1987]" count="1" pageId="30" pageNumber="309" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
// det. Z. Zhan; [
|
||
<specimenCount id="3BB6FD7F7F4AFF82FD7DA9C7FCCAF829" box="[759,793,1964,1988]" count="5" pageId="30" pageNumber="309" type="female">5♀</specimenCount>
|
||
]:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="55A776667F4AFF82FCBBA9C7FC59F82E" box="[817,906,1964,1988]" name="China" pageId="30" pageNumber="309">CHINA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="EF74F8147F4AFF82FC1EA9C7FB93F82E" box="[916,1088,1964,1988]" country="China" name="Fujian" pageId="30" pageNumber="309">Fujian Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Sanming City, De-Hua County // Jiu-Xian-Shan Mt., // [
|
||
<emphasis id="1FC4EAE47F4AFF82FEF0A9A1FE19F80F" bold="true" box="[378,458,1994,2021]" pageId="30" pageNumber="309">三fi市</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="1FC4EAE47F4AFF82FE54A9A1FDFDF80F" bold="true" box="[478,558,1994,2021]" pageId="30" pageNumber="309">德化县</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="1FC4EAE47F4AFF82FDC8A9A1FD41F80F" bold="true" box="[578,658,1994,2021]" pageId="30" pageNumber="309">九仙山</emphasis>
|
||
]; Alt.
|
||
<quantity id="EA489B137F4AFF82FD5DA9A4FCF7F80D" box="[727,804,1999,2023]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="309" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000m</quantity>
|
||
; 10 July. 2019 // Zhihong Zhan leg.; [2nd label]:
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="488450317F4AFF82FABAA9A5FA7BF80C" box="[1328,1448,1998,2022]" degrees="25.6977" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="30" pageNumber="309" precision="5" value="25.6977">25.6977°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="488450317F4AFF82FF02A99AFED6F7E3" box="[136,261,2033,2057]" degrees="118.1152" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="30" pageNumber="309" precision="5" value="118.1152">118.1152°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
Adult // collected on host plant//
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EAB04D757F4AFF82FDE7A99AFCBCF7E3" box="[621,879,2033,2057]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Cyclobalanopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="30" pageNumber="309" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glauca">
|
||
<emphasis id="1FC4EAE47F4AFF82FDE7A99AFCBCF7E3" box="[621,879,2033,2057]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="309">Cyclobalanopsis glauca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
// (Thunberg) Oersted; [3rd label]:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EAB04D757F4AFF82FB67A999FA9BF7E3" authorityName="Scopoli" authorityYear="1763" box="[1261,1352,2034,2057]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Lucanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="309" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1FC4EAE47F4AFF82FB67A999FA9BF7E3" box="[1261,1352,2034,2057]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="309">Lucanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
//
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EAB04D757F4AFF82FAEFA99AFA7FF7E3" authorityName="Zilioli" authorityYear="2003" box="[1381,1452,2033,2057]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Lucanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="309" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brivioi">
|
||
<emphasis id="1FC4EAE47F4AFF82FAEFA99AFA7FF7E3" box="[1381,1452,2033,2057]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="309">brivioi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
// Zilioli
|
||
<specimenCount id="3BB6FD7F7F4AFF82FF6DA67FFF28F7C1" box="[231,251,2068,2091]" count="1" pageId="30" pageNumber="309" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
// det. Z. Zhan.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="79CF667E7F4BFF83FF11A8A4FB55F8EE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10941662" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10941662" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10941662/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="310" startId="31.[155,227,1743,1765]" targetBox="[197,1395,268,1700]" targetPageId="31" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="2D0F36F67F4BFF83FF11A8A4FB55F8EE" blockId="31.[155,1433,1743,1797]" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">
|
||
Figures 86–93. Habitus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EAB04D757F4BFF83FE2EA8BBFDEEF90E" authorityName="Zilioli" authorityYear="2003" box="[420,573,1743,1765]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Lucanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="310" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brivioi">
|
||
<emphasis id="1FC4EAE47F4BFF83FE2EA8BBFDEEF90E" box="[420,573,1743,1765]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">Lucanus brivioi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. 86. Male, dorsal view. 87. Male, ventral view. 88. Male, lateral view. 89. Major male. 90. Median male. 91. Minor male. 92. Female, dorsal view. 93. Female, ventral view. Scale bar= 10 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="2D0F36F67F4BFF83FF37A95AFD37F8A3" blockId="31.[136,1452,1841,2073]" box="[189,740,1841,1865]" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">
|
||
Body length
|
||
<quantity id="EA489B137F4BFF83FECDA95AFE0DF8A3" box="[327,478,1841,1865]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.015" metricValueMax="6.51" metricValueMin="3.52" pageId="31" pageNumber="310" unit="mm" value="50.15" valueMax="65.1" valueMin="35.2">35.2–65.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="3BB6FD7F7F4BFF83FE64A959FDD1F8A3" box="[494,514,1842,1865]" count="1" pageId="31" pageNumber="310" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
);
|
||
<quantity id="EA489B137F4BFF83FD93A95AFD63F8A3" box="[537,688,1841,1865]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0949999999999998" metricValueMax="3.35" metricValueMin="2.84" pageId="31" pageNumber="310" unit="mm" value="30.95" valueMax="33.5" valueMin="28.4">28.4–33.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="3BB6FD7F7F4BFF83FD4AA959FD07F8A3" box="[704,724,1842,1865]" count="1" pageId="31" pageNumber="310" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2D0F36F67F4BFFBCFF37A93FFC41FD4E" blockId="31.[136,1452,1841,2073]" lastBlockId="32.[136,1459,236,1682]" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="311" pageId="31" pageNumber="310">Description. Major male. Body brownish to reddish, surface with metallicluster, head, including widest region of mandibular bases, 2× width of pronotum and elytra. Head brownish to somewhat reddish, metallic, surface covered with vestiture of scarsely visible, short yellowish setae; mandibles incurved at basal, straight at midlength and apex;major inner mandibular tooth located halfway to apex, sharply triangular protruding forward and not inflated on either side,>6 small inner mandibular teeth located below and above major inner mandibular tooth; apical mandibular fork strongly developed, sharply open from front, upper branches of apical fork 1.4× length of lower apical fork branches; anterolateral ridges of head well developed, posterolateral margin of head evenly convex, but slightly wider than anterolateral ridges; clypeolabrum well developed, trapezoidal, labrum triangular, protruding along midlength and labral margins. Pronotum brownish to reddish, metallic; surface covered with vestiture of scarsely visible but dense, short setae; convex at apex and base, significantly protruding along midlength; 0.5× width of head and mandibles; prothoracic tibiae bright reddish, each bearing>5 spines from apex to basal 1/3; mesothoracic tibiae bright reddish, each bearing 2–3 spines at midlength; metathoracic tibiae bright reddish, each bearing two minor spines along basal 1/3. Elytra reddish, surface smooth and metallic; slender, widest at apical 1/3, strongly narrow at basal 1/3. Median male as major male except: head with mandibles strongly incurved at basal 1/3; major inner mandibular tooth weakly triangular pointing forward;>5 small inner mandibular teeth located below major tooth. Minor male as major and median males except: head with mandible straight at basal 1/3 and midlength, incurved at front; major inner mandibular tooth weakly developed to absent, single-point and not triangular; <4 small inner mandibular teeth located below and above major tooth. Genitalia. Ventral plate of 9th abdominal segment constricted before caudal expansion; basal piece usually clearly defined, 0.5–0.7× length of entire aedeagus; apical flagellum enlarged, flagellum 0.75× length of entire aedeagus; aedeagus stout, incurved at basal 1/3, triangular distally.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2D0F36F67F74FFBCFF37ACC4FD47FC15" blockId="32.[136,1459,236,1682]" pageId="32" pageNumber="311">Female. Body black, surface shinning, oval, usually smaller than major and median males, subequal in length to or larger than minor male. Head black, surface clearly punctate; mandibles incurved at basal 1/3 and apical 1/3; mandibular tooth well developed, asymmetrical; right mandibular tooth triangular; left mandibular tooth smooth; preocular and postocular margins strongly developed, forming acute angle, protruding apically; clypeolabrum weakly developed, triangular, single-pointed at middle. Pronotum black, surface shinning; obscurely but densely punctate; anterior pronotum significant enlarged and incurved, equal to or 1.2× width of posterolateral pronotum; prothoracic tibiae black, each bearing four spines from apex to midlength; distal two spines strongly developed; prothoracic tibiae 1.2× width of mesothoracic and metathoracic tibiae; mesothoracic tibiae black, each bearing two spines at midlength; metathoracic tibiae black, each bearing a single spine at basal 1/3. Elytra black, surface shinning and somewhat metallic, concolorous with head and pronotum; oval, widest at apical 1/3, strongly narrow at basal 1/3.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2D0F36F67F74FFBCFF37AA62FD48FBCB" blockId="32.[136,1459,236,1682]" box="[189,667,1033,1057]" pageId="32" pageNumber="311">
|
||
Distribution.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="55A776667F74FFBCFEC6AA62FE5FFBCB" box="[332,396,1033,1057]" name="China" pageId="32" pageNumber="311">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="EF74F8147F74FFBCFE13AA62FE0CFBCB" box="[409,479,1033,1057]" country="China" name="Fujian" pageId="32" pageNumber="311">Fujian</collectingRegion>
|
||
(Sanming City)).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2D0F36F67F74FFBCFF37AA47FC49FBAE" blockId="32.[136,1459,236,1682]" box="[189,922,1068,1092]" pageId="32" pageNumber="311">
|
||
Phenology. Adults of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EAB04D757F74FFBCFE2FAA46FDDBFBAE" authorityName="Zilioli" authorityYear="2003" box="[421,520,1068,1092]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Lucanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brivioi">
|
||
<emphasis id="1FC4EAE47F74FFBCFE2FAA46FDDBFBAE" box="[421,520,1068,1092]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="311">L. brivioi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were collected from mid-June (
|
||
<collectionCode id="4BA1AE337F74FFBCFCD6AA47FC5DFBAE" box="[860,910,1068,1092]" pageId="32" pageNumber="311">FUJ</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2D0F36F67F74FFBCFF37AA24FCC5FB18" blockId="32.[136,1459,236,1682]" pageId="32" pageNumber="311">
|
||
Natural history. Typical host plants of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EAB04D757F74FFBCFDD7AA24FD12FB8D" authorityName="Zilioli" authorityYear="2003" box="[605,705,1103,1127]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Lucanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brivioi">
|
||
<emphasis id="1FC4EAE47F74FFBCFDD7AA24FD12FB8D" box="[605,705,1103,1127]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="311">L. brivioi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EAB04D757F74FFBCFD78AA24FC27FB8D" box="[754,1012,1103,1127]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Cyclobalanopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="32" pageNumber="311" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glauca">
|
||
<emphasis id="1FC4EAE47F74FFBCFD78AA24FC27FB8D" box="[754,1012,1103,1127]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="311">Cyclobalanopsis glauca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, height around
|
||
<quantity id="EA489B137F74FFBCFB15AA24FB0CFB8C" box="[1183,1247,1103,1127]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="311" unit="m" value="7.0" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="5.0">5–9 m</quantity>
|
||
with diameter less than
|
||
<quantity id="EA489B137F74FFBCFF34AA19FED3FB63" box="[190,256,1138,1162]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="311" unit="cm" value="20.0">20 cm</quantity>
|
||
. Adult longevity is 10–15 days. There is no published association of larvae and adults. Current rearing records have, however, been recorded by stag beetle amateurs. According to their descriptions, larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EAB04D757F74FFBCFB37AAFEFAF7FB46" authorityName="Zilioli" authorityYear="2003" box="[1213,1316,1172,1196]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Lucanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brivioi">
|
||
<emphasis id="1FC4EAE47F74FFBCFB37AAFEFAF7FB46" box="[1213,1316,1172,1196]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="311">L. brivioi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
require low temperature (stable 19°C) for their first and second instars. The final larval instar requires stable temperatures around 20– 21°C. The entire larval development is usually 1.2–1.4 years.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2D0F36F67F74FFBCFF37AA97FD19FAFE" blockId="32.[136,1459,236,1682]" box="[189,714,1276,1300]" pageId="32" pageNumber="311">Collecting methods. Hand and net-trap collected.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2D0F36F67F74FFBCFF37AB74FF24F978" blockId="32.[136,1459,236,1682]" pageId="32" pageNumber="311">
|
||
Remarks.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EAB04D757F74FFBCFEA0AB4BFE00FADD" authorityName="Zilioli" authorityYear="2003" box="[298,467,1311,1335]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Lucanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brivioi">
|
||
<emphasis id="1FC4EAE47F74FFBCFEA0AB4BFE00FADD" box="[298,467,1311,1335]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="311">Lucanus brivioi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been recorded only from Central of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="EF74F8147F74FFBCFC00AB74FBE6FADD" box="[906,1077,1311,1335]" country="China" name="Fujian" pageId="32" pageNumber="311">Fujian Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
in three mountains: Dai-Yun-Shan Mt., Jiu-Xian-Shan Mt., and Lian-Hua-Feng Mt. During summers between 2017 and 2021, three field trips were carried out to find and collect
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EAB04D757F74FFBCFED4AB0EFE17FA96" authorityName="Zilioli" authorityYear="2003" box="[350,452,1380,1404]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Lucanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brivioi">
|
||
<emphasis id="1FC4EAE47F74FFBCFED4AB0EFE17FA96" box="[350,452,1380,1404]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="311">L. brivioi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It should be noted that the number of adults observed in the field has been dramatically decreasing starting in 2019. The decline of adults might be accounted for by two reasons. The first relates to human activities. The primary site for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EAB04D757F74FFBCFEEEABC1FE14FA28" authorityName="Zilioli" authorityYear="2003" box="[356,455,1450,1474]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Lucanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brivioi">
|
||
<emphasis id="1FC4EAE47F74FFBCFEEEABC1FE14FA28" box="[356,455,1450,1474]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="311">L. brivioi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is in the Jiu-Xian-Shan Mt., a famous National Forest Park in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="EF74F8147F74FFBCFBEAABC1FB7BFA28" box="[1120,1192,1450,1474]" country="China" name="Fujian" pageId="32" pageNumber="311">Fujian</collectingRegion>
|
||
. From 2019 to 2021, the use of
|
||
<collectionCode id="4BA1AE337F74FFBCFF45ABA7FF27FA0E" box="[207,244,1484,1508]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12582" name="Amherst College, Beneski Museum of Natural History" pageId="32" pageNumber="311" type="University or college">AC</collectionCode>
|
||
(agricultural chemicals) in Jiu-Xian-Shan sharply increased, killing the host plant of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EAB04D757F74FFBCFB01ABA6FB3CFA0E" authorityName="Zilioli" authorityYear="2003" box="[1163,1263,1484,1508]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Lucanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brivioi">
|
||
<emphasis id="1FC4EAE47F74FFBCFB01ABA6FB3CFA0E" box="[1163,1263,1484,1508]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="311">L. brivioi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A secong reason relates to unlimited collecting. The body size of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EAB04D757F74FFBCFD18AB9BFD25F9ED" authorityName="Zilioli" authorityYear="2003" box="[658,758,1519,1543]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Lucanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brivioi">
|
||
<emphasis id="1FC4EAE47F74FFBCFD18AB9BFD25F9ED" box="[658,758,1519,1543]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="311">L. brivioi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can reach around
|
||
<quantity id="EA489B137F74FFBCFC36AB84FBD4F9EC" box="[956,1031,1519,1543]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="32" pageNumber="311" unit="mm" value="55.0">55 mm</quantity>
|
||
, some
|
||
<specimenCount id="3BB6FD7F7F74FFBCFBD8AB84FBB5F9EC" box="[1106,1126,1519,1542]" count="1" pageId="32" pageNumber="311" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
may even reach more than
|
||
<quantity id="EA489B137F74FFBCFA1BAB84FF66F9C3" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="311" unit="mm" value="60.0">60 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Such huge body size and slender mandibles attractes the attention of many stag beetle amateurs, including specimen sellers. Thus, the number of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EAB04D757F74FFBCFE45A85EFDE4F9A6" authorityName="Zilioli" authorityYear="2003" box="[463,567,1588,1612]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Lucanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brivioi">
|
||
<emphasis id="1FC4EAE47F74FFBCFE45A85EFDE4F9A6" box="[463,567,1588,1612]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="311">L. brivioi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has dramatically declined during the past four years. As a critically important conservation goal for the future, study of the natural history of the larvae along with rearing will become necessary and important.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |