158 lines
18 KiB
XML
158 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document id="062DFFC216B378051DF639AC85409C5E" ID-CLB-Dataset="30029" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4422.4.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3fb6bb16-d9ff-4ca3-a474-86c4d1abdc95" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1253240" ID-ZooBank="50FBD8F3-327B-4562-B587-66180E329DB3" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1527266783242" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Fortaleza, Maria Tarciana Vieira & Lotufo, Tito Monteiro Da Cruz" docDate="2018" docId="038D3D37FF91FF8EC0E5757E69EFF8B4" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4422.4.4.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4422 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Aplidium stellatum" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="529" masterDocId="FFB4454FFF98FF84C07272376B61FFD8" masterDocTitle="Polyclinidae (Ascidiacea: Aplousobranchia) from the Gulf of Mexico, collected during the “ Hourglass ” cruises (1965 - 1967)" masterLastPageNumber="536" masterPageNumber="519" pageNumber="528" updateTime="1698545428781" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="983295CEBB10226C427DDD24CA1980FC">Polyclinidae (Ascidiacea: Aplousobranchia) from the Gulf of Mexico, collected during the “ Hourglass ” cruises (1965 - 1967)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CCE7592D4AB45E79C9CB88E19F65FFE4">Fortaleza, Maria Tarciana Vieira</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="03810E6A801E3643673AF76D00F5C3B4">Lotufo, Tito Monteiro Da Cruz</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="69306CBBAC551B1F85443F1515C32CD8">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="E4B8530E85BD7A12D6680F7CC4AB5535">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="2D1863B3BE50A5F534060703F16050DF">4422</mods:number>
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<treatment id="038D3D37FF91FF8EC0E5757E69EFF8B4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6485120" ID-GBIF-Taxon="144128945" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6485120" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038D3D37FF91FF8EC0E5757E69EFF8B4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038D3D37FF91FF8EC0E5757E69EFF8B4" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="529" pageId="9" pageNumber="528">
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<subSubSection id="C33EDFAAFF91FF8DC0E5757E6A2BF85C" pageId="9" pageNumber="528" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9B8C21FF91FF8DC0E5757E6952F8BB" blockId="9.[151,563,1865,1924]" box="[151,563,1865,1891]" pageId="9" pageNumber="528">
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<heading id="D0D33B4DFF91FF8DC0E5757E6952F8BB" bold="true" box="[151,563,1865,1891]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="528" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C24F7A2FF91FF8DC0E5757E6952F8BB" authority="(Verrill, 1871)" baseAuthorityName="Verrill" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[151,563,1865,1891]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="9" pageNumber="528" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stellatum">
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<emphasis id="B9505033FF91FF8DC0E5757E6952F8BB" bold="true" box="[151,563,1865,1891]" pageId="9" pageNumber="528">
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<emphasis id="B9505033FF91FF8DC0E5757E6A1CF8BB" bold="true" box="[151,381,1865,1891]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="528">Aplidium stellatum</emphasis>
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(Verrill, 1871)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9B8C21FF91FF8DC0E5755C6A2BF85C" blockId="9.[151,563,1865,1924]" box="[151,330,1899,1924]" pageId="9" pageNumber="528">
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(
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<figureCitation id="131F90A4FF91FF8DC0EC755C6A78F85C" box="[158,281,1899,1924]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="10.[151,250,950,972]" captionText="FIGURE 12. Aplidium stellatum. Scale of 1 cm—Preserved material in formalin." pageId="9" pageNumber="528">Figures 12</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="131F90A4FF91FF8DC157755B6A20F85C" box="[293,321,1900,1924]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1389,1411]" captionText="FIGURE 13. Aplidium stellatum. A—thorax; B—abdomen. Scale: A and B = 1 mm." pageId="9" pageNumber="528">13</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33EDFAAFF91FF8EC0E575836FB2FBD4" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="529" pageId="9" pageNumber="528" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B9B8C21FF91FF8DC0E57583695DF812" blockId="9.[151,1088,1972,2024]" box="[151,572,1972,1994]" pageId="9" pageNumber="528">
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<taxonomicName id="4C24F7A2FF91FF8DC0E575836959F812" authority="Verrill, 1871: 291" authorityName="Verrill" authorityPageNumber="291" authorityYear="1871" box="[151,568,1972,1994]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Amaroucium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="9" pageNumber="528" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stellatum">
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<emphasis id="B9505033FF91FF8DC0E575836A1DF812" box="[151,380,1972,1994]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="528">Amaroucium stellatum</emphasis>
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Verrill, 1871: 291
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9B8C21FF91FF8EC0E575E56FB2FBD4" blockId="9.[151,1088,1972,2024]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1437,1011,1900]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="529" pageId="9" pageNumber="528">
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<taxonomicName id="4C24F7A2FF91FF8DC0E575E5694CF830" authority="Van Name, 1945: 34" authorityName="Van Name" authorityPageNumber="34" authorityYear="1945" box="[151,557,2002,2024]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="9" pageNumber="528" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stellatum">
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<emphasis id="B9505033FF91FF8DC0E575E56A36F830" box="[151,343,2002,2024]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="528">Aplidium stellatum</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0A85AA30FF91FF8DC12F75E4694CF830" author="" box="[349,557,2002,2024]" page="34" pageId="9" pageNumber="528">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB5F1D0FF91FF8DC12F75E4696BF830" box="[349,522,2002,2024]" pageId="9" pageNumber="528" refId="ref7237" refString="Van Name, W. G. (1945) The North and South American Ascidians. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 84, 1 - 476." type="journal article">Van Name, 1945</bibRefCitation>
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: 34
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(and synonymy).
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<treatmentCitation id="0A85AA30FF91FF8DC29775E56F5DF830" author="" box="[741,1084,2002,2024]" page="52" pageId="9" pageNumber="528">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB5F1D0FF91FF8DC29775E56F77F830" box="[741,1046,2002,2024]" pageId="9" pageNumber="528" refId="ref7087" refString="Sanamyan, K. & Gleason, D. F. (2009) Ascidians of the genus Aplidium collected on shallow hard-bottom reefs of coastal Georgia (Atlantic coast of N America, U. S. A.). Zootaxa, 2066, 50 - 58." type="journal article">Sanamyan and Gleason, 2009</bibRefCitation>
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: 52
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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<emphasis id="B9505033FF92FF8EC0E571C46AE4FBD4" bold="true" box="[151,389,1011,1036]" pageId="10" pageNumber="529">Examined material:</emphasis>
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collected in
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<date id="FF9AAAE1FF92FF8EC26471C469E9FBD4" box="[534,648,1011,1036]" pageId="10" pageNumber="529" value="1967-05-11">11/5/1967</date>
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, 27°35’N, 082°50’W,
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||
<quantity id="4CDC21C4FF92FF8EC3F171C468A4FBD3" box="[899,965,1011,1036]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.1" pageId="10" pageNumber="529" unit="m" value="6.1">6.1 m</quantity>
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, specimen # EJ-67-158.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="DF5BDCA9FF92FF8EC0E5718168B3FC14" box="[151,978,950,972]" pageId="10" pageNumber="529">
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<paragraph id="8B9B8C21FF92FF8EC0E5718168B3FC14" blockId="10.[151,978,950,972]" box="[151,978,950,972]" pageId="10" pageNumber="529">
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<emphasis id="B9505033FF92FF8EC0E571816A7EFC13" bold="true" box="[151,287,950,972]" pageId="10" pageNumber="529">FIGURE 12.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C24F7A2FF92FF8EC15771816A87FC14" authorityName="Van Name" authorityYear="1945" box="[293,486,950,972]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="10" pageNumber="529" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stellatum">
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||
<emphasis id="B9505033FF92FF8EC15771816A87FC14" box="[293,486,950,972]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="529">Aplidium stellatum</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
. Scale of 1 cm—Preserved material in formalin.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="C33EDFAAFF92FF8EC0B576206BBBF9A8" pageId="10" pageNumber="529" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9B8C21FF92FF8EC0B5762068DCFBA0" blockId="10.[151,1437,1011,1900]" pageId="10" pageNumber="529">
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<emphasis id="B9505033FF92FF8EC0B576206A3AFBE8" bold="true" box="[199,347,1047,1072]" pageId="10" pageNumber="529">Description:</emphasis>
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Colony large and rounded, cream colored when preserved, measuring
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<quantity id="4CDC21C4FF92FF8EC40B762F6FA7FBF7" box="[1145,1222,1048,1072]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8" pageId="10" pageNumber="529" unit="cm" value="4.8">4.8 cm</quantity>
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x 3.0 cm, attached by an area of around
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<quantity id="4CDC21C4FF92FF8EC1F4760C6AB7FB8B" box="[390,470,1083,1108]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="529" unit="cm" value="3.5">3.5 cm</quantity>
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. Tunic firm and devoid of incrustations. The zooids are positioned close to the colony surface, forming systems that are marked by depressions on the surface.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9B8C21FF92FF8EC0B576B46BBBF9A8" blockId="10.[151,1437,1011,1900]" pageId="10" pageNumber="529">
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Zooids are yellowish with an average length of
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<quantity id="4CDC21C4FF92FF8EC29876B3683FFB43" box="[746,862,1156,1180]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.029" pageId="10" pageNumber="529" unit="mm" value="10.29">10.29 mm</quantity>
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(length range – thorax plus abdomen =
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||
<quantity id="4CDC21C4FF92FF8EC55E76B46BA7FB67" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.94" metricValueMax="3.35" metricValueMin="2.53" pageId="10" pageNumber="529" unit="mm" value="2.94" valueMax="3.35" valueMin="2.53">2.53–3.35 mm</quantity>
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; post-abdomen = 2.0
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<quantity id="4CDC21C4FF92FF8EC1C276906955FB18" box="[432,564,1191,1216]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.455" metricValueMax="9.91" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="529" unit="mm" value="7.455" valueMax="9.91" valueMin="5.0">5–9.91 mm</quantity>
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). Tubular branchial siphon with six rounded lobes,
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<quantity id="4CDC21C4FF92FF8EC400769F6E74FB67" box="[1138,1301,1192,1216]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="10" pageNumber="529" unit="mm" value="0.225" valueMax="0.32" valueMin="0.13">0.13–0.32 mm</quantity>
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long. Atrial opening is small and slightly lobed, positioned between the second and fourth stigmata rows. Atrial languet is simple and short measuring up to
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<quantity id="4CDC21C4FF92FF8EC26376C76916FADF" box="[529,631,1264,1288]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="10" pageNumber="529" unit="mm" value="0.23">0.23 mm</quantity>
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. Muscles are thin and inconspicuous with about 15 longitudinal bundles running in parallel along each side of the body. Pharynx with 13–15 rows of stigmata. It was not possible to count the number of slits per row. Esophagus elongated, connected to a stomach in the middle of the abdomen. Stomach also elongated or slightly flattened in the anterior and posterior extremities, with 12 irregular longitudinal folds. The size of the esophagus and the stomach together is equal to slightly more than half the abdomen length. Posterior stomach absent, and the rectal valve is in the intestinal loop. Anal opening at the level of the tenth stigmata row. Abdomen and post-abdomen not separated by a constriction. Gonads in the post-abdomen, ovary in central position and testicular follicles distributed specially in the distal portion in single or double rows. Each zooid with up to two developing embryos, located in the posterior portion of the thorax. Larvae measured up to
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||
<quantity id="4CDC21C4FF92FF8EC0E574036B9EF993" box="[151,255,1588,1612]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.7" pageId="10" pageNumber="529" unit="mm" value="0.77">0.77 mm</quantity>
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||
, three adhesive papillae with short peduncles, four small ampullae, and a tail wound ¾ way around the trunk.
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||
</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C33EDFAAFF92FF8EC0B5744C69EFF8B4" pageId="10" pageNumber="529" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8B9B8C21FF92FF8EC0B5744C69EFF8B4" blockId="10.[151,1437,1011,1900]" pageId="10" pageNumber="529">
|
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<emphasis id="B9505033FF92FF8EC0B5744C6A5AF94C" bold="true" box="[199,315,1659,1684]" pageId="10" pageNumber="529">Remarks.</emphasis>
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Several larvae brood were found in the thorax of
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<taxonomicName id="4C24F7A2FF92FF8EC3FE744B6F02F94C" authorityName="Van Name" authorityYear="1945" box="[908,1123,1660,1684]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="10" pageNumber="529" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stellatum">
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<emphasis id="B9505033FF92FF8EC3FE744B6F02F94C" box="[908,1123,1660,1684]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="529">Aplidium stellatum</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
. This colony was sampled during May, a period
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB5F1D0FF92FF8EC1FC74A8694EF960" box="[398,559,1695,1720]" pageId="10" pageNumber="529" refId="ref5991" refString="Gotelli, N. J. (1987) Spacial and temporal patterns of reproduction, larval settlement, and recruitment of the compound ascidian Aplidium stellatum. Marine Biology, 94, 45 - 51. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 00392899" type="journal article">Gotelli (1987)</bibRefCitation>
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||
identified as the reproductive peak for the species in the
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||
<collectingRegion id="49E042C3FF92FF8EC4B274A86E70F960" box="[1216,1297,1695,1720]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="10" pageNumber="529">Florida</collectingRegion>
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||
region. The original description of
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C24F7A2FF92FF8EC1EE74F36942F904" authorityName="Van Name" authorityYear="1945" box="[412,547,1732,1756]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="10" pageNumber="529" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stellatum">
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<emphasis id="B9505033FF92FF8EC1EE74F36942F904" box="[412,547,1732,1756]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="529">A. stellatum</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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is very short; however, according to later descriptions, the pharynx may have 11–14 stigmata rows and 9–12 well-marked longitudinal folds in the stomach (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB5F1D0FF92FF8EC47974DF6FADF8D8" box="[1035,1228,1768,1792]" pageId="10" pageNumber="529" refId="ref7200" refString="Van Name, W. G. (1921) Ascidians of the west indian region and south eastern United States. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 44, 283 - 494." type="journal article">Van Name, 1921</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5F1D0FF92FF8EC4AA74DF6EF9F8D8" box="[1240,1432,1767,1792]" pageId="10" pageNumber="529" refId="ref7237" refString="Van Name, W. G. (1945) The North and South American Ascidians. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 84, 1 - 476." type="journal article">Van Name, 1945</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5F1D0FF92FF8EC0E5753B6A88F8FC" box="[151,489,1803,1828]" pageId="10" pageNumber="529" refId="ref7087" refString="Sanamyan, K. & Gleason, D. F. (2009) Ascidians of the genus Aplidium collected on shallow hard-bottom reefs of coastal Georgia (Atlantic coast of N America, U. S. A.). Zootaxa, 2066, 50 - 58." type="journal article">Sanamyan & Gleason, 2009</bibRefCitation>
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||
). The gonads seem to be the major diagnostic feature of the species, all fully developed in the examined material. However, the presence of epidermal vesicles was not described in the larvae examined by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB5F1D0FF92FF8EC15C756369EBF8B4" box="[302,650,1875,1900]" pageId="10" pageNumber="529" refId="ref7087" refString="Sanamyan, K. & Gleason, D. F. (2009) Ascidians of the genus Aplidium collected on shallow hard-bottom reefs of coastal Georgia (Atlantic coast of N America, U. S. A.). Zootaxa, 2066, 50 - 58." type="journal article">Sanamyan and Gleason (2009)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |