241 lines
36 KiB
XML
241 lines
36 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="F33FDA0932FC737BD271450C0BCB286B">Revision of the genus Latrunculia du Bocage, 1869 Porifera: Demospongiae: Latrunculiidae) with descriptions of new species from New Caledonia and the Northeastern Pacific (</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="C33EF9951378FF9FFED7FDB23509FB2F" box="[264,865,523,550]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9BAA1E1378FF9FFED7FDB23509FB2F" blockId="38.[264,865,523,585]" box="[264,865,523,550]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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<heading id="D0D31D721378FF9FFED7FDB23509FB2F" bold="true" box="[264,865,523,550]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D1378FF9FFED7FDB23509FB2F" ID-CoL="3SLYL" authority="Tanita, 1968" authorityName="Tanita" authorityYear="1968" box="[264,865,523,550]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ikematsui" subGenus="Latrunculia">
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<emphasis id="B950760C1378FF9FFED7FDB23509FB2F" bold="true" box="[264,865,523,550]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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<emphasis id="B950760C1378FF9FFED7FDB237F1FB2C" bold="true" box="[264,409,524,550]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Latrunculia</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="B950760C1378FF9FFE75FDB23453FB2C" bold="true" box="[426,571,524,550]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Latrunculia</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="B950760C1378FF9FFD93FDB234A9FB2C" bold="true" box="[588,705,524,550]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">ikematsui</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB5D7EF1378FF9FFD17FDB53509FB2F" author="Tanita, S." box="[712,865,523,549]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="53 - 54" refId="ref36980" refString="Tanita, S. (1968) Sponge fauna of the Ariake Sea. Bulletin of the Seikai Regional Fisheries Research Laboratory, 36, Pg. 53 - 54, Pl. 11, Fig. 11, text-Fig. 14.17." type="journal article" year="1968">Tanita, 1968</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33EF9951378FF9FFED7FD9134FFFB43" box="[264,663,559,585]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9BAA1E1378FF9FFED7FD9134FFFB43" blockId="38.[264,865,523,585]" box="[264,663,559,585]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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(
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<figureCitation id="131FB69B1378FF9FFECFFD91370EFB43" box="[272,358,559,585]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="10.[264,367,283,307]" captionText="FIGURE 1. Scanning electron micrographs or drawings comparing discorhabd microscleres of Latrunculia spp: A, Latrunculia cratera du Bocage, 1869 (REPRODUCED FROM DU BOCAGE 1869); B. Latrunculia bocagei Ridley and Dendy 1886; C, L. apicalis Ridley and Dendy 1886; D, L. biformis Kirkpatrick 1908; E, L. basilis Kirkpatrick 1908; F, L. brevis Ridley and Dendy 1886; G. Latrunculia palmata Lévi 1964 (REPRODUCED FROM LéVI 1964); H. Latrunculia multirotalis Topsent 1905 (REPRODUCED FROM TOPSENT 1905); I. Latrunculia crenulata Lévi 1993 (REPRODUCED FROM LéVI 1993); J. Latrunculia ikematsui Tanita 1968; K. Latrunculia oxydiscorhabda Alvarez et al. 2002; L. Latrunculia triverticillata Alvarez et al. 2002; M. Latrunculia fiordensis Alvarez et al. 2002 (REPRODUCED FROM ALVAREZ et al. 2002); N. Latrunculia novaecaledoniae sp. nov.; O. Latrunculia austini sp. nov (SEM IMAGES FROM BILL AUSTIN); P. Latrunculia spinispiraefera Brøndsted, 1924 (REPRODUCED FROM BRøNDSTED 1924); Q. Latrunculia citharistae Vacelet 1969; R. Latrunculia purpurea Carter 1881; S. Latrunculia oparinae Samaai and Krasokhin 2002; T. Latrunculia lunaviridis Samaai and Kelly 2003." pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Figs 1J</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="131FB69B1378FF9FFEABFD9137EDFB43" box="[372,389,559,585]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="10.[264,367,1577,1601]" captionTargetBox="[267,1320,973,1532]" captionTargetId="figure-284@10.[260,1328,969,1538]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 2. Worldwide distributions of Latrunculia (Latrunculia) species. Distributions of 1) Latrunculia cratera du Bocage, 2) L. bocagei Ridley and Dendy, 3) L. apicalis Ridley and Dendy, 4) L. biformis Kirkpatrick, 5) Latrunculia basilis Kirkpatrick, 6) L. brevis Ridley and Dendy, 7) Latrunculia palmata Lévi, 8) Latrunculia multirotalis Topsent, 9) Latrunculia crenulata Lévi, 10) Latrunculia ikematsui Tanita, 11) Latrunculia oxydiscorhabda Alvarez et al., 12) Latrunculia triverticillata Alvarez et al., 13) Latrunculia fiordensis Alvarez et al., 14) Latrunculia novaecaledoniae sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5057830" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5057830/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">2</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="131FB69B1378FF9FFE4EFD9137DFFB43" box="[401,439,559,585]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="16.[264,367,283,307]" captionText="FIGURE 3. Gross morphology of Latrunculia spp: A. L. bocagei Ridley and Dendy 1886 (REPRODUCED FROM RIDLEY AND DENDY 1887); B. Latrunculia apicalis Ridley and Dendy 1886 (REPRODUCED FROM RIDLEY AND DENDY 1887); C. Latrunculia brevis Ridley and Dendy 1887 (REPRODUCED FROM RIDLEY AND DENDY 1887); D. Latrunculia ikematsui Tanita 1968; E. Latrunculia oxydiscorhabda Alvarez et al. 2002; F. Latrunculia triverticillata Alvarez et al. 2002 (REPRODUCED FROM ALVAREZ et al. 2002); G. Latrunculia fiordensis Alvarez et al. 2002 (REPRODUCED FROM ALVAREZ et al. 2002); H. Latrunculia austini sp. nov. (PICTURE TAKEN BY BILL AUSTIN)." pageId="38" pageNumber="39">3D</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="131FB69B1378FF9FFE1BFD913782FB43" box="[452,490,559,585]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="39.[264,367,1581,1605]" captionTargetBox="[268,1318,291,1563]" captionTargetId="figure-89@39.[268,1318,291,1580]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 5. Photomicrographs of choanosomal architectures: A. Latrunculia ikematsui Tanita 1968; B. Latrunculia oxydiscorhabda Alvarez et al. 2002; C. Latrunculia triverticillata Alvarez et al. 2002; D. Latrunculia austini sp. nov.; E. Latrunculia citharistae Vacelet 1969; F. Latrunculia purpurea Carter 1881." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5057834" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5057834/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">5A</figureCitation>
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;
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<tableCitation id="C6A69FA51378FF9FFE28FD913431FB43" box="[503,601,559,585]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="21.[264,352,283,307]" captionText="TABLE 2: Review of Latrunculia species worldwide, including material examined and new additions from recent collections and museum material. NE = Material not examined, dispersed in various collections worldwide." pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Tables 2</tableCitation>
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&
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<tableCitation id="C6A69FA51378FF9FFDA0FD9134E6FB43" box="[639,654,559,585]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="26.[264,352,723,747]" captionText="TABLE 3: Spicule dimensions of four morphometric variables measured in species of Latrunculia. Measurements in micrometers are ranges of 20 spicules with ranges in parentheses." pageId="38" pageNumber="39">3</tableCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33EF9951378FF9FFED7FDC537D9FBDF" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B9BAA1E1378FF9FFED7FDC537D9FBDF" blockId="38.[264,1323,633,725]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D1378FF9FFED7FDC534EFFB98" ID-CoL="3SLYL" authority="Tanita, 1968" authorityName="Tanita" authorityYear="1968" box="[264,647,635,658]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ikematsui">
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<emphasis id="B950760C1378FF9FFED7FDC5379DFB98" box="[264,501,635,658]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Latrunculia ikematsui</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB5D7EF1378FF9FFE22FDC534EFFB98" author="Tanita, S." box="[509,647,635,658]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="53 - 54" refId="ref36980" refString="Tanita, S. (1968) Sponge fauna of the Ariake Sea. Bulletin of the Seikai Regional Fisheries Research Laboratory, 36, Pg. 53 - 54, Pl. 11, Fig. 11, text-Fig. 14.17." type="journal article" year="1968">Tanita, 1968</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, PG. 53–54, PL. 11, FIG. 11, TEXT FIG. 14.17.
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<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D1378FF9FFBA3FDC537A6FBBF" ID-CoL="3SLYL" authority="Tanita" authorityName="Tanita" authorityYear="1968" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ikematsui">
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<emphasis id="B950760C1378FF9FFBA3FDC53717FBBF" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Latrunculia ikematsui</emphasis>
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Tanita
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</taxonomicName>
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; Rho and Sim, 1976,
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<figureCitation id="131FB69B1378FF9FFD61FD203560FBBF" box="[702,776,670,693]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="10.[264,367,283,307]" captionText="FIGURE 1. Scanning electron micrographs or drawings comparing discorhabd microscleres of Latrunculia spp: A, Latrunculia cratera du Bocage, 1869 (REPRODUCED FROM DU BOCAGE 1869); B. Latrunculia bocagei Ridley and Dendy 1886; C, L. apicalis Ridley and Dendy 1886; D, L. biformis Kirkpatrick 1908; E, L. basilis Kirkpatrick 1908; F, L. brevis Ridley and Dendy 1886; G. Latrunculia palmata Lévi 1964 (REPRODUCED FROM LéVI 1964); H. Latrunculia multirotalis Topsent 1905 (REPRODUCED FROM TOPSENT 1905); I. Latrunculia crenulata Lévi 1993 (REPRODUCED FROM LéVI 1993); J. Latrunculia ikematsui Tanita 1968; K. Latrunculia oxydiscorhabda Alvarez et al. 2002; L. Latrunculia triverticillata Alvarez et al. 2002; M. Latrunculia fiordensis Alvarez et al. 2002 (REPRODUCED FROM ALVAREZ et al. 2002); N. Latrunculia novaecaledoniae sp. nov.; O. Latrunculia austini sp. nov (SEM IMAGES FROM BILL AUSTIN); P. Latrunculia spinispiraefera Brøndsted, 1924 (REPRODUCED FROM BRøNDSTED 1924); Q. Latrunculia citharistae Vacelet 1969; R. Latrunculia purpurea Carter 1881; S. Latrunculia oparinae Samaai and Krasokhin 2002; T. Latrunculia lunaviridis Samaai and Kelly 2003." pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
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&
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<figureCitation id="131FB69B1378FF9FFCF0FD20351CFBBF" box="[815,884,668,694]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="10.[264,367,1577,1601]" captionTargetBox="[267,1320,973,1532]" captionTargetId="figure-284@10.[260,1328,969,1538]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 2. Worldwide distributions of Latrunculia (Latrunculia) species. Distributions of 1) Latrunculia cratera du Bocage, 2) L. bocagei Ridley and Dendy, 3) L. apicalis Ridley and Dendy, 4) L. biformis Kirkpatrick, 5) Latrunculia basilis Kirkpatrick, 6) L. brevis Ridley and Dendy, 7) Latrunculia palmata Lévi, 8) Latrunculia multirotalis Topsent, 9) Latrunculia crenulata Lévi, 10) Latrunculia ikematsui Tanita, 11) Latrunculia oxydiscorhabda Alvarez et al., 12) Latrunculia triverticillata Alvarez et al., 13) Latrunculia fiordensis Alvarez et al., 14) Latrunculia novaecaledoniae sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5057830" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5057830/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">2A–D</figureCitation>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D1378FF9FFC5DFD2032D5FBBF" ID-CoL="3SLYL" authority="Tanita" authorityName="Tanita" authorityYear="1968" box="[898,1213,670,693]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ikematsui">
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<emphasis id="B950760C1378FF9FFC5DFD203206FBBF" box="[898,1134,670,693]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Latrunculia ikematsui</emphasis>
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Tanita
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</taxonomicName>
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; Hoshino, 1981: 222.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33EF9951378FF9FFED7FCB83266FA4F" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B9BAA1E1378FF9FFED7FCB83266FA4F" blockId="38.[264,1323,774,1838]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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<materialsCitation id="3B4CA0431378FF9FFED7FCB83266FA4F" collectionCode="NSMT" collectorName="Tanita" country="Japan" location="Japan" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" specimenCode="PO 11" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B950760C1378FF9FFED7FCB83790FA2A" bold="true" box="[264,504,774,800]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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<typeStatus id="549F14BC1378FF9FFED7FCB83712FA2A" box="[264,378,774,800]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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material.
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</emphasis>
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<collectionCode id="ED3532DB1378FF9FFDCBFCB63436FA15" box="[532,606,776,799]" country="Japan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/f678-ci92" name="National Science Museum (Natural History)" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">NSMT</collectionCode>
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<specimenCode id="DB8202651378FF9FFDB5FCB634DAFA15" box="[618,690,776,799]" collectionCode="PO" country="Russia" name="Collection of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">PO 11</specimenCode>
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<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D1378FF9FFD60FCB73220FA15" authority="Tanita, 1968" authorityName="Tanita" authorityYear="1968" box="[703,1096,776,800]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ikematsui">
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<emphasis id="B950760C1378FF9FFD60FCB735C7FA2A" box="[703,943,777,800]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Latrunculia ikematsui</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB5D7EF1378FF9FFC64FCB63220FA15" author="Tanita, S." box="[955,1096,776,799]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="53 - 54" refId="ref36980" refString="Tanita, S. (1968) Sponge fauna of the Ariake Sea. Bulletin of the Seikai Regional Fisheries Research Laboratory, 36, Pg. 53 - 54, Pl. 11, Fig. 11, text-Fig. 14.17." type="journal article" year="1968">Tanita, 1968</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, Ariake Sea,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F333EA8E1378FF9FFB38FCB6334EFA15" box="[1255,1318,776,799]" name="Japan" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, dredged at St. 13, depth unknown, collected by
|
||
<collectorName id="26D1CFC81378FF9FFCDBFC903521FA4F" box="[772,841,814,837]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Tanita</collectorName>
|
||
, September, 1957.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33EF9951378FF9FFEE7FCEA3514FE24" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9BAA1E1378FF9FFEE7FCEA3277FAEC" blockId="38.[264,1323,774,1838]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C1378FF9FFEE7FCEA37B8FA64" bold="true" box="[312,464,852,878]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Small, semispherical sponge, 14 x 20 x
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC07FB1378FF9FFC39FCEA3258FA64" box="[998,1072,852,878]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
|
||
diameter (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131FB69B1378FF9FFB66FCEA3375FA64" box="[1209,1309,852,878]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="16.[264,367,283,307]" captionText="FIGURE 3. Gross morphology of Latrunculia spp: A. L. bocagei Ridley and Dendy 1886 (REPRODUCED FROM RIDLEY AND DENDY 1887); B. Latrunculia apicalis Ridley and Dendy 1886 (REPRODUCED FROM RIDLEY AND DENDY 1887); C. Latrunculia brevis Ridley and Dendy 1887 (REPRODUCED FROM RIDLEY AND DENDY 1887); D. Latrunculia ikematsui Tanita 1968; E. Latrunculia oxydiscorhabda Alvarez et al. 2002; F. Latrunculia triverticillata Alvarez et al. 2002 (REPRODUCED FROM ALVAREZ et al. 2002); G. Latrunculia fiordensis Alvarez et al. 2002 (REPRODUCED FROM ALVAREZ et al. 2002); H. Latrunculia austini sp. nov. (PICTURE TAKEN BY BILL AUSTIN)." pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Surface smooth with no oscules or areolate porefields apparent. Ectosome thin but not easily separable from the underlying choanosome. Texture firm and hard but resilient. Colour in life darkish purple; in preservative dark chocolate brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9BAA1E1378FF9FFEE7FC4A32E7FC2C" blockId="38.[264,1323,774,1838]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C1378FF9FFEE7FC4A37C2FD04" bold="true" box="[312,426,1012,1038]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Skeleton.</emphasis>
|
||
The choanosomal skeleton is a firm, well developed, irregular polygonalmeshed reticulation formed by wispy tracts of smooth styles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131FB69B1378FF9FFC03FBA23252FD3C" box="[988,1082,1052,1078]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="39.[264,367,1581,1605]" captionTargetBox="[268,1318,291,1563]" captionTargetId="figure-89@39.[268,1318,291,1580]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 5. Photomicrographs of choanosomal architectures: A. Latrunculia ikematsui Tanita 1968; B. Latrunculia oxydiscorhabda Alvarez et al. 2002; C. Latrunculia triverticillata Alvarez et al. 2002; D. Latrunculia austini sp. nov.; E. Latrunculia citharistae Vacelet 1969; F. Latrunculia purpurea Carter 1881." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5057834" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5057834/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
|
||
). The tracts range in width from
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC07FB1378FF9FFE4AFBFA3466FD54" box="[405,526,1092,1118]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.8" metricValueMax="9.1" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="m" value="68.0" valueMax="91.0" valueMin="45.0">45–91 m</quantity>
|
||
in thickness to form meshes that are
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC07FB1378FF9FFC14FBFA323BFD54" box="[971,1107,1092,1118]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.135" metricValueMax="1.3599999999999999" metricValueMin="0.9099999999999999" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="m" value="113.5" valueMax="136.0" valueMin="91.0">91–136 m</quantity>
|
||
wide. There is no distinction between the primary and secondary tracts. Towards the surface the spicules tend to be vertically arranged. Interstitial spicules present, with discorhabds scattered abundantly throughout choanosome. The surface of the ectosome is lined with an erect layer of anisodiscorhabds. Beneath the anisodiscorhabds in the ectosome is a thin, loose paratangential layer of interlocking megascleres, approximately
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC07FB1378FF9FFC25FAB2322FFC2C" box="[1018,1095,1292,1318]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.1" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="m" value="91.0">91 m</quantity>
|
||
wide.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9BAA1E1378FF9FFEE7FA8A32B2FFBC" blockId="38.[264,1323,774,1838]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C1378FF9FFEE7FA8A37CDFC44" bold="true" box="[312,421,1332,1358]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Spicules.</emphasis>
|
||
Megascleres: styles are smooth, centrally thickened, fusiform faintly sinuous, 300 (280–320) x 7 (6.5–8) m, n=20. Microscleres (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131FB69B1378FF9FFC34FAE23255FC7C" box="[1003,1085,1372,1398]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="10.[264,367,283,307]" captionText="FIGURE 1. Scanning electron micrographs or drawings comparing discorhabd microscleres of Latrunculia spp: A, Latrunculia cratera du Bocage, 1869 (REPRODUCED FROM DU BOCAGE 1869); B. Latrunculia bocagei Ridley and Dendy 1886; C, L. apicalis Ridley and Dendy 1886; D, L. biformis Kirkpatrick 1908; E, L. basilis Kirkpatrick 1908; F, L. brevis Ridley and Dendy 1886; G. Latrunculia palmata Lévi 1964 (REPRODUCED FROM LéVI 1964); H. Latrunculia multirotalis Topsent 1905 (REPRODUCED FROM TOPSENT 1905); I. Latrunculia crenulata Lévi 1993 (REPRODUCED FROM LéVI 1993); J. Latrunculia ikematsui Tanita 1968; K. Latrunculia oxydiscorhabda Alvarez et al. 2002; L. Latrunculia triverticillata Alvarez et al. 2002; M. Latrunculia fiordensis Alvarez et al. 2002 (REPRODUCED FROM ALVAREZ et al. 2002); N. Latrunculia novaecaledoniae sp. nov.; O. Latrunculia austini sp. nov (SEM IMAGES FROM BILL AUSTIN); P. Latrunculia spinispiraefera Brøndsted, 1924 (REPRODUCED FROM BRøNDSTED 1924); Q. Latrunculia citharistae Vacelet 1969; R. Latrunculia purpurea Carter 1881; S. Latrunculia oparinae Samaai and Krasokhin 2002; T. Latrunculia lunaviridis Samaai and Kelly 2003." pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Fig. 1J</figureCitation>
|
||
): anisodiscorhabds, the manubrium is an expanded and spinose, above which are two basal spines on a smooth slender cylindrical shaft
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC07FB1378FF9FFDEDFA1234EAFCCC" box="[562,642,1452,1478]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="m" value="12.0">12 m</quantity>
|
||
long and
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC07FB1378FF9FFD20FA123528FCCC" box="[767,832,1452,1478]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="m" value="5.0">5 m</quantity>
|
||
wide. Median whorl is circular, flat and horizontally arranged,
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC07FB1378FF9FFDFEFA6A341FFCE4" box="[545,631,1492,1518]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="m" value="23.0">23 m</quantity>
|
||
in diameter, and the largest of the three whorls. The subsidiary whorl is slanted slightly upwards followed by an extended shaft,
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC07FB1378FF9FFB7BFA42328DFF1C" box="[1188,1253,1532,1558]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="m" value="5.0">5 m</quantity>
|
||
long, which gives rise to the apical whorl. Each whorl is deeply notched along the rim and divided into three segments, each possessing a denticulate margin of 5–7 spines. The spines of the apical whorl are slanted upwards with spines nearly parallel to the axis, ending in a crownlike tuft of acute convex spined projections, 38(32–38) m long.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9BAA1E1378FF9FFEE7F97A32EEFE0C" blockId="38.[264,1323,774,1838]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C1378FF9FFEE7F97A354AFFD4" bold="true" box="[312,802,1732,1758]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Substratum, depth range and ecology.</emphasis>
|
||
Found on sandy substrata, together with, bryozoans and other sponges. Depth unknown but dredged from deep water.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9BAA1E1378FF9FFEE7F8AA3514FE24" blockId="38.[264,1323,774,1838]" box="[312,892,1812,1838]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C1378FF9FFEE7F8AA340DFE24" bold="true" box="[312,613,1812,1838]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Geographic distribution</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="131FB69B1378FF9FFDA9F8AA34D3FE24" box="[630,699,1812,1838]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="10.[264,367,1577,1601]" captionTargetBox="[267,1320,973,1532]" captionTargetId="figure-284@10.[260,1328,969,1538]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 2. Worldwide distributions of Latrunculia (Latrunculia) species. Distributions of 1) Latrunculia cratera du Bocage, 2) L. bocagei Ridley and Dendy, 3) L. apicalis Ridley and Dendy, 4) L. biformis Kirkpatrick, 5) Latrunculia basilis Kirkpatrick, 6) L. brevis Ridley and Dendy, 7) Latrunculia palmata Lévi, 8) Latrunculia multirotalis Topsent, 9) Latrunculia crenulata Lévi, 10) Latrunculia ikematsui Tanita, 11) Latrunculia oxydiscorhabda Alvarez et al., 12) Latrunculia triverticillata Alvarez et al., 13) Latrunculia fiordensis Alvarez et al., 14) Latrunculia novaecaledoniae sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5057830" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5057830/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F333EA8E1378FF9FFD04F8AA354EFE24" box="[731,806,1812,1838]" name="South Korea" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Korea</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F333EA8E1378FF9FFCEDF8AA3510FE24" box="[818,888,1812,1838]" name="Japan" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF5BFA961379FF9EFED7F993379FFFBD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5057834" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5057834" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5057834/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" startId="39.[264,367,1581,1605]" targetBox="[268,1318,291,1563]" targetPageId="39">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9BAA1E1379FF9EFED7F993379FFFBD" blockId="39.[264,1322,1581,1719]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C1379FF9EFED7F99337E7FF4F" bold="true" box="[264,399,1581,1605]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Photomicrographs of choanosomal architectures: A.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D1379FF9EFC34F9903728FF61" authority="Tanita 1968" authorityName="Tanita" authorityYear="1968" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ikematsui">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C1379FF9EFC34F99032B3FF4F" box="[1003,1243,1582,1605]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Latrunculia ikematsui</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5D7EF1379FF9EFB37F9933728FF61" author="Tanita, S." pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="53 - 54" refId="ref36980" refString="Tanita, S. (1968) Sponge fauna of the Ariake Sea. Bulletin of the Seikai Regional Fisheries Research Laboratory, 36, Pg. 53 - 54, Pl. 11, Fig. 11, text-Fig. 14.17." type="journal article" year="1968">Tanita 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; B.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D1379FF9EFEB3F9EA351DFF61" authority="Alvarez et al. 2002" authorityName="Alvarez" authorityYear="2002" box="[364,885,1620,1643]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="oxydiscorhabda">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C1379FF9EFEB3F9EA34F4FF61" box="[364,668,1620,1643]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Latrunculia oxydiscorhabda</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5D7EF1379FF9EFD7CF9EA351DFF61" author="Alvarez, B. & Bergquist P. R. & Battershill C. N." box="[675,885,1620,1643]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="151 - 184" refId="ref34711" refString="Alvarez, B., Bergquist P. R. & Battershill C. N. (2002) Taxonomic revision of the genus Latrunculia du Bocage (Porifera: Demospongiae: Latrunculiidae) in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 36, 151 - 184." type="journal article" year="2002">
|
||
Alvarez
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C1379FF9EFD20F9EA3546FF61" box="[767,814,1620,1643]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2002
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; C.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D1379FF9EFC7FF9EA370CFF9A" authority="Alvarez et al. 2002" authorityName="Alvarez" authorityYear="2002" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="triverticillata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C1379FF9EFC7FF9EA32DCFF61" box="[928,1204,1620,1643]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Latrunculia triverticillata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5D7EF1379FF9EFB64F9EA370CFF9A" author="Alvarez, B. & Bergquist P. R. & Battershill C. N." pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="151 - 184" refId="ref34711" refString="Alvarez, B., Bergquist P. R. & Battershill C. N. (2002) Taxonomic revision of the genus Latrunculia du Bocage (Porifera: Demospongiae: Latrunculiidae) in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 36, 151 - 184." type="journal article" year="2002">
|
||
Alvarez
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C1379FF9EFAC8F9EA3775FF9A" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2002
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; D.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D1379FF9EFE4AF9C7340DFF9A" authority="Samaai & Gibbons & Kelly, 2006" authorityName="Samaai & Gibbons & Kelly" authorityYear="2006" box="[405,613,1657,1680]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="austini" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C1379FF9EFE4AF9C7340DFF9A" box="[405,613,1657,1680]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Latrunculia austini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A263CB771379FF9EFDB2F9C734ADFF9A" box="[621,709,1657,1680]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
; E.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D1379FF9EFD2DF9C732EBFF9A" authority="Vacelet 1969" authorityName="Vacelet, C" authorityYear="1969" box="[754,1155,1657,1680]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="citharistae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C1379FF9EFD2DF9C73582FF9A" box="[754,1002,1657,1680]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Latrunculia citharistae</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5D7EF1379FF9EFC2CF9C732EBFF9A" author="Vacelet, J." box="[1011,1155,1657,1680]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="145 - 219" refId="ref37135" refString="Vacelet, J. (1969) Eponges de la Roche du Large et de l'etage bathyal de Mediterranee (recoltes de la Soucoupe plongeante Cousteau et gragages). Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire Naturelle (A, Zoologie), 59 (2), 145 - 219." type="journal article" year="1969">Vacelet 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; F.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D1379FF9EFB73F9C7379AFFBD" authority="Carter 1881" authorityName="Carter, Carter" authorityYear="1881" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="purpurea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C1379FF9EFB73F9C73702FFBD" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Latrunculia purpurea</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5D7EF1379FF9EFEAEF91E379AFFBD" author="Carter, H. J." box="[369,498,1696,1719]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="241 - 259" refId="ref35311" refString="Carter, H. J. (1881) Contribution to our knowledge of the Spongida. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (5) 8, 101 - 112, 118 - 120, 241 - 259, pl. 9." type="journal article" year="1881">Carter 1881</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33EF9951379FF91FEE7F8A837D1F88C" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9BAA1E1379FF91FEE7F8A837D1F88C" blockId="39.[264,1323,1814,1880]" lastBlockId="40.[264,1323,284,390]" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C1379FF9EFEE7F8A837CDFE3A" bold="true" box="[312,421,1814,1840]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Remark.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5D7EF1379FF9EFE6FF8A83439FE3A" author="Tanita, S." box="[432,593,1814,1840]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="53 - 54" refId="ref36980" refString="Tanita, S. (1968) Sponge fauna of the Ariake Sea. Bulletin of the Seikai Regional Fisheries Research Laboratory, 36, Pg. 53 - 54, Pl. 11, Fig. 11, text-Fig. 14.17." type="journal article" year="1968">Tanita (1968)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
first described this species off the Ariake Sea,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F333EA8E1379FF9EFB4CF8A832BDFE3A" box="[1171,1237,1814,1840]" name="Japan" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
on the basis of the shape of its discorhabd, the dimension of spicules and its external morphology (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6A69FA51376FF91FECFFEA23707F83C" box="[272,367,284,310]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="21.[264,352,283,307]" captionText="TABLE 2: Review of Latrunculia species worldwide, including material examined and new additions from recent collections and museum material. NE = Material not examined, dispersed in various collections worldwide." pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6A69FA51376FF91FE5FFEA237F8F83C" box="[384,400,284,310]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="26.[264,352,723,747]" captionText="TABLE 3: Spicule dimensions of four morphometric variables measured in species of Latrunculia. Measurements in micrometers are ranges of 20 spicules with ranges in parentheses." pageId="40" pageNumber="41">3</tableCitation>
|
||
). The distinguishing characteristic in this species is the morphology of the anisodiscorhabds; the median, subsidiary and apical whorls are leaflike and lined with rows of spines.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |