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<document id="4E459DB5E43E7604D5746706D23F0421" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2024.943.2599" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12806098" ID-ZooBank="4EEAB64C-EB8D-4208-9EE2-76FA07201EED" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="karina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="karina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="karina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="karina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="karina" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="karina" IM.treatments_approvedBy="karina" checkinTime="1721824832049" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Chen, Hsuan-Pu, Lee, Mao-Ying &amp; Chen, Wei-Jen" docDate="2024" docId="5021F049FF822442FDF8F8C6FC7B1B12" docLanguage="en" docName="EJT.2024.943.239-287.pdf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 943" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2024.943.2599" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Lophiomus Gill 1883" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="258" masterDocId="AC188831FF932451FF95FFF0FF8E1C73" masterDocTitle="Integrative taxonomy reveals unanticipated hidden diversity in the monotypic goosefish genus Lophiomus (Teleostei, Lophiidae), with description of three new species and resurrection of Chirolophius laticeps Ogilby, 1910" masterLastPageNumber="287" masterPageNumber="239" pageNumber="256" updateTime="1721938142367" updateUser="karina" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="5382D998DB6C4464A651D969F70318A0">Integrative taxonomy reveals unanticipated hidden diversity in the monotypic goosefish genus Lophiomus (Teleostei, Lophiidae), with description of three new species and resurrection of Chirolophius laticeps Ogilby, 1910</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="01048A39C87B115CC55CC7DAE4555E76">Chen, Hsuan-Pu</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0D959AAE6D41AEE9FA114ABC30A5ECF0">Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="9C7A40711742BF4424363EA30B0DDC3F">Lee, Mao-Ying</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="788BE214571409886C3A104E16FD6238">Marine Fisheries Division, Fisheries Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 199 Hou-Ih Road, Keelung 202008, Taiwan.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="88280E9CFE05F9A4BCE99B7A16C15C62">Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="8759733091A5010D083EFC5355289AEC">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="1B0406DBCF84676C79E46A6D8FCF9C35">2024</mods:date>
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<subSubSection id="909212D4FF822440FDF8F8C6FC491B23" box="[621,967,1845,1872]" pageId="17" pageNumber="256" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="D837415FFF822440FDF8F8C6FC491B23" blockId="17.[621,967,1845,1872]" box="[621,967,1845,1872]" pageId="17" pageNumber="256">
<heading id="837FF633FF822440FDF8F8C6FC491B23" box="[621,967,1845,1872]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="256" reason="2">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFF822440FD2AF8C5FC491B23" ID-CoL="5GHG" authority="Gill, 1883" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1883" box="[703,967,1845,1872]" family="Lophiidae" genus="Lophiomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF822440FD2AF8C5FCC61B23" bold="true" box="[703,840,1845,1872]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="256">Lophiomus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="BC193CAEFF822440FCDAF8C6FC491B23" author="Gill T. N." box="[847,967,1846,1872]" pageId="17" pageNumber="256" pagination="551 - 556" refId="ref23372" refString="Gill T. N. 1883. Supplementary note on the Pediculati. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 5: 551 - 556. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 7321063 [accessed 23 Apr. 2023]." type="journal article" year="1883">Gill, 1883</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="909212D4FF822440FF28F887FAEE1BE2" box="[189,1376,1911,1938]" pageId="17" pageNumber="256" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="D837415FFF822440FF28F887FAEE1BE2" blockId="17.[189,1376,1911,1938]" box="[189,1376,1911,1938]" pageId="17" pageNumber="256">
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFF822440FF28F887FE301BE2" ID-CoL="5GHG" authority="Gill, 1883" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1883" box="[189,446,1911,1937]" family="Lophiidae" genus="Lophiomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF822440FF28F887FEB11BE2" box="[189,319,1911,1937]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="256">Lophiomus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="BC193CAEFF822440FED2F887FE301BE2" author="Gill T. N." box="[327,446,1911,1937]" pageId="17" pageNumber="256" pagination="551 - 556" refId="ref23372" refString="Gill T. N. 1883. Supplementary note on the Pediculati. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 5: 551 - 556. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 7321063 [accessed 23 Apr. 2023]." type="journal article" year="1883">Gill, 1883</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
[1882]: 552.
<typeStatus id="0733FFFDFF822440FDC8F888FD191BE1" box="[605,663,1912,1938]" pageId="17" pageNumber="256">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFF822440FC96F887FBD21BE2" ID-CoL="6QN4P" authority="Vahl, 1797" authorityName="Vahl" authorityYear="1797" box="[771,1116,1911,1937]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Lophiidae" genus="Lophius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="setigerus">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF822440FC96F887FC5C1BE2" box="[771,978,1911,1937]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="256">Lophius setigerus</emphasis>
Vahl, 1797
</taxonomicName>
. Original designation.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="909212D4FF812442FF28FEF8FCDF1901" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="258" pageId="18" pageNumber="257" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="D837415FFF812443FF28FEF8FEB81D51" blockId="18.[189,310,264,290]" box="[189,310,264,290]" pageId="18" pageNumber="257">
<heading id="837FF633FF812443FF28FEF8FEB81D51" bold="true" box="[189,310,264,290]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="257" reason="3">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF812443FF28FEF8FEB81D51" bold="true" box="[189,310,264,290]" pageId="18" pageNumber="257">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D837415FFF812443FF28FEC7FBCA1E71" blockId="18.[189,1399,311,514]" pageId="18" pageNumber="257">
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFF812443FF28FEC7FEB11D22" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1883" box="[189,319,311,337]" family="Lophiidae" genus="Lophiomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="257" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF812443FF28FEC7FEB11D22" box="[189,319,311,337]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="257">Lophiomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be separated from other extant lophiid genera by the combination of vertebrae 18 19; dorsal-fin rays 8; anal-fin rays 6; flat body shape; presence of third dorsal-fin spine, humeral, and subopercular spines; rugose frontal ridge; gill opening not extending anterior to the pectoral-fin base; single articular spine; single quadrate spine; two sphenotic spines; two interopercular spines; the outer surface of maxilla bearing low and conical knobs; ural centrum bearing transverse processes; and the floor of mouth with distinct dark pigmentations (except
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFF812443FCDBFE18FBBA1E72" authorityName="Chen &amp; Lee &amp; Chen" authorityYear="2024" box="[846,1076,487,513]" family="Lophiidae" genus="Lophiomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="257" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="immaculioralis">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF812443FCDBFE18FBBA1E72" box="[846,1076,487,513]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="257">Lm. immaculioralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="8CF711D7FF812443FF28F85BFA8A1B9A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12806113" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12806113" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12806113/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="257" startId="18.[189,232,1963,1989]" targetBox="[210,1373,651,1911]" targetPageId="18">
<paragraph id="D837415FFF812443FF28F85BFA8A1B9A" blockId="18.[188,1398,1963,2025]" pageId="18" pageNumber="257">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF812443FF28F85BFE841BB6" bold="true" box="[189,266,1963,1989]" pageId="18" pageNumber="257">Fig. 7.</emphasis>
Cranial comparative osteology of the three lophiid genera.
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF812443FC28F85BFC5C1BB6" bold="true" box="[957,978,1963,1989]" pageId="18" pageNumber="257">A</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFF812443FC74F85BFAFC1BB6" authority="(Alcock, 1894)" baseAuthorityName="Alcock" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[993,1394,1963,1989]" family="Lophiidae" genus="Lophiodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="257" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mutilus">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF812443FC74F85BFB391BB6" box="[993,1207,1963,1989]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="257">Lophiodes mutilus</emphasis>
(Alcock, 1894)
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF812443FF29F83EFF5E1B9B" bold="true" box="[188,208,1998,2024]" pageId="18" pageNumber="257">B</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFF812443FF4AF83EFE1C1B9B" baseAuthorityName="Jordan" baseAuthorityYear="1902" box="[223,402,1998,2024]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Lophiidae" genus="Lophius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="257" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="litulon">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF812443FF4AF83EFE1C1B9B" box="[223,402,1998,2024]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="257">Lophius litulon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Jordan, 1902).
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF812443FDC6F83EFDE61B9B" bold="true" box="[595,616,1998,2024]" pageId="18" pageNumber="257">C</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFF812443FDE2F83EFB861B9B" authority="(Vahl, 1797)" baseAuthorityName="Vahl" baseAuthorityYear="1797" box="[631,1032,1998,2024]" family="Lophiidae" genus="Lophiomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="257" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="setigerus">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF812443FDE2F83EFCE41B9B" box="[631,874,1998,2024]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="257">Lophiomus setigerus</emphasis>
(Vahl, 1797)
</taxonomicName>
. Scale bars = 10 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="D837415FFF802442FF28FEF8FE471D51" blockId="19.[189,457,264,290]" box="[189,457,264,290]" pageId="19" pageNumber="258">
<heading id="837FF633FF802442FF28FEF8FE471D51" bold="true" box="[189,457,264,290]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="258" reason="3">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF802442FF28FEF8FE471D51" bold="true" box="[189,457,264,290]" pageId="19" pageNumber="258">Differential diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D837415FFF802442FF28FEC7FAB01EC1" blockId="19.[189,1399,311,690]" pageId="19" pageNumber="258">
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFF802442FF28FEC7FEB11D22" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1883" box="[189,319,311,337]" family="Lophiidae" genus="Lophiomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="258" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF802442FF28FEC7FEB11D22" box="[189,319,311,337]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="258">Lophiomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be readily distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFF802442FD71FEC7FCC51D22" authorityName="Regan" authorityYear="1908" box="[740,843,311,337]" family="Lophiidae" genus="Sladenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="258" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF802442FD71FEC7FCC51D22" box="[740,843,311,337]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="258">Sladenia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its flat body shape (body shape rounded in
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFF802442FF28FEAAFEAA1D07" authorityName="Regan" authorityYear="1908" box="[189,292,346,372]" family="Lophiidae" genus="Sladenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="258" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF802442FF28FEAAFEAA1D07" box="[189,292,346,372]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="258">Sladenia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Among the flat-bodied lophiid genera,
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFF802442FC99FEAAFC001D07" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1883" box="[780,910,346,372]" family="Lophiidae" genus="Lophiomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="258" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF802442FC99FEAAFC001D07" box="[780,910,346,372]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="258">Lophiomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be differentiated from
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFF802442FB4DFEAAFADC1D07" authorityName="Goode &amp; Bean" authorityYear="1896" box="[1240,1362,346,372]" family="Lophiidae" genus="Lophiodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="258" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF802442FB4DFEAAFADC1D07" box="[1240,1362,346,372]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="258">Lophiodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its rugose frontal ridge (frontal ridge smooth in
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFF802442FC90FE8DFCF11DE4" authorityName="Goode &amp; Bean" authorityYear="1896" box="[773,895,381,407]" family="Lophiidae" genus="Lophiodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="258" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF802442FC90FE8DFCF11DE4" box="[773,895,381,407]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="258">Lophiodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), gill opening not extending anteriorly to the pectoral-fin base (gill opening extending anterior to the pectoral-fin base in
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFF802442FB16FE51FB731DC8" authorityName="Goode &amp; Bean" authorityYear="1896" box="[1155,1277,417,443]" family="Lophiidae" genus="Lophiodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="258" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF802442FB16FE51FB731DC8" box="[1155,1277,417,443]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="258">Lophiodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), a single articular spine (two articular spines in
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFF802442FD0DFE34FC9C1DAD" authorityName="Goode &amp; Bean" authorityYear="1896" box="[664,786,452,478]" family="Lophiidae" genus="Lophiodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="258" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF802442FD0DFE34FC9C1DAD" box="[664,786,452,478]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="258">Lophiodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), two sphenotic spines (one inner sphenotic spine in
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFF802442FF75FE17FED41E72" authorityName="Goode &amp; Bean" authorityYear="1896" box="[224,346,487,513]" family="Lophiidae" genus="Lophiodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="258" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF802442FF75FE17FED41E72" box="[224,346,487,513]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="258">Lophiodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and one ural centrum bearing transverse processes (ural centrum without transverse processes in
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFF802442FECFFDFAFE5A1E57" authorityName="Goode &amp; Bean" authorityYear="1896" box="[346,468,522,548]" family="Lophiidae" genus="Lophiodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="258" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF802442FECFFDFAFE5A1E57" box="[346,468,522,548]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="258">Lophiodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) (
<figureCitation id="40B35DDAFF802442FE64FDFAFDB21E56" box="[497,572,522,549]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[189,232,1963,1989]" captionTargetBox="[210,1373,651,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-104@18.[189,1398,625,1923]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 7. Cranial comparative osteology of the three lophiid genera. A. Lophiodes mutilus (Alcock, 1894). B. Lophius litulon (Jordan, 1902). C. Lophiomus setigerus (Vahl, 1797). Scale bars = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12806113" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12806113/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="258">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
, Supp. file 5).
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFF802442FD60FDFAFCF91E57" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1883" box="[757,887,522,548]" family="Lophiidae" genus="Lophiomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="258" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF802442FD60FDFAFCF91E57" box="[757,887,522,548]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="258">Lophiomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can also be distinguished from its sibling genus
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<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF802442FE9DFDDDFEE91E34" box="[264,359,557,583]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="258">Lophius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having vertebrae 1819 (vertebrae more than
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<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFF802442FC4EFDDDFBB41E34" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[987,1082,557,583]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Lophiidae" genus="Lophius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="258" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF802442FC4EFDDDFBB41E34" box="[987,1082,557,583]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="258">Lophius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), dorsal-fin rays 8 (
<quantity id="1F70ECBAFF802442FA88FDDEFAF91E34" box="[1309,1399,557,584]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.667" metricValueMax="3.048" metricValueMin="2.286" pageId="19" pageNumber="258" unit="in" value="10.5" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="9.0">912 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFF802442FF28FDA1FE921E18" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[189,284,593,619]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Lophiidae" genus="Lophius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="258" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF802442FF28FDA1FE921E18" box="[189,284,593,619]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="258">Lophius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="BC193CAEFF802442FEBEFDA1FE4A1E18" author="Caruso J. H." box="[299,452,592,619]" pageId="19" pageNumber="258" pagination="870 - 875" refId="ref23009" refString="Caruso J. H. 1985. The systematics and distribution of the lophiid anglerfishes: III. Intergeneric relationships. Copeia 1985 (4): 870 - 875. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1445235" type="journal article" year="1985">Caruso 1985</bibRefCitation>
), anal-fin rays 6 (
<quantity id="1F70ECBAFF802442FD06FDA1FD631E18" box="[659,749,593,619]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.286" metricValueMax="2.54" metricValueMin="2.032" pageId="19" pageNumber="258" unit="in" value="9.0" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="8.0">810 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFF802442FD60FDA1FCDA1E18" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[757,852,593,619]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Lophiidae" genus="Lophius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="258" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF802442FD60FDA1FCDA1E18" box="[757,852,593,619]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="258">Lophius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="BC193CAEFF802442FCF6FDA1FC721E18" author="Caruso J. H." box="[867,1020,592,619]" pageId="19" pageNumber="258" pagination="870 - 875" refId="ref23009" refString="Caruso J. H. 1985. The systematics and distribution of the lophiid anglerfishes: III. Intergeneric relationships. Copeia 1985 (4): 870 - 875. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1445235" type="journal article" year="1985">Caruso 1985</bibRefCitation>
), interopercular with two spines (single spine in
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFF802442FE15FD84FE511EFD" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[384,479,628,654]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Lophiidae" genus="Lophius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="258" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF802442FE15FD84FE511EFD" box="[384,479,628,654]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="258">Lophius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), the outer surface of maxilla bearing low and conical knobs (smooth outer surface in
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFF802442FEA2FD67FE181EC2" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[311,406,663,689]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Lophiidae" genus="Lophius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="258" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF802442FEA2FD67FE181EC2" box="[311,406,663,689]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="258">Lophius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and quadrate with a single spine (two spines in
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFF802442FC4EFD67FBB41EC2" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[987,1082,663,689]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Lophiidae" genus="Lophius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="258" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF802442FC4EFD67FBB41EC2" box="[987,1082,663,689]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="258">Lophius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) (
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, Supp. file 5).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D837415FFF802442FF28FD28FE3B1E81" blockId="19.[189,437,728,754]" box="[189,437,728,754]" pageId="19" pageNumber="258">
<heading id="837FF633FF802442FF28FD28FE3B1E81" bold="true" box="[189,437,728,754]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="258" reason="3">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF802442FF28FD28FE3B1E81" bold="true" box="[189,437,728,754]" pageId="19" pageNumber="258">General description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D837415FFF802442FF28FCF8FCC11FA1" blockId="19.[189,1399,775,978]" pageId="19" pageNumber="258">
<smallCapsWord id="DED1D783FF802442FF28FCF8FEE01F53" baselines="795,795" box="[189,366,776,802]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Measurements" pageId="19" pageNumber="258">MEASUREMENTS</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="DED1D783FF802442FEE2FCFDFE2A1F53" baselines="795" box="[375,420,781,800]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="lower" normString="and" pageId="19" pageNumber="258">AND</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="DED1D783FF802442FE39FCFDFD831F53" baselines="795" box="[428,525,781,800]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="lower" normString="meristic" pageId="19" pageNumber="258">MERISTIC</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="DED1D783FF802442FD80FCFDFDE61F53" baselines="795" box="[533,616,781,800]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="lower" normString="counts" pageId="19" pageNumber="258">COUNTS</smallCapsWord>
. Dorsal-fin spines 56; dorsal-fin rays 8; anal-fin rays 6; pectoral-fin rays 2126; pelvic-fin rays 67; branchiostegal rays 5; interopercular spines 2; vertebrae 1819; outermost row of premaxillary teeth 635. SL
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; HL 27.339.9%, TL 41.059.6%, IL 16.533.7%, DS2 15.025.7%, DS3 16.333.7%, DS4 8.426.0% of SL; HW 37.468.6%, HD 69.3 88.6%, SNL 54.282.9%, SNW 28.556.5%, ISP 33.056.7%, IF 30.955.8%, PTSP 10.719.6%, QPAL 47.382.9%, OPSOP 31.665.7% of HL (adults).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D837415FFF802442FF28FC09FCDF1901" blockId="19.[189,1401,1016,1394]" pageId="19" pageNumber="258">
<smallCapsWord id="DED1D783FF802442FF28FC09FF721862" baselines="1036,1036" box="[189,252,1017,1043]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Head" pageId="19" pageNumber="258">HEAD</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="DED1D783FF802442FE90FC0EFEBC1862" baselines="1036" box="[261,306,1022,1041]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="lower" normString="and" pageId="19" pageNumber="258">AND</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="DED1D783FF802442FEAFFC0EFEFB1862" baselines="1036" box="[314,373,1022,1041]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="lower" normString="body" pageId="19" pageNumber="258">BODY</smallCapsWord>
. Body shape strongly depressed; gill opening not reaching beyond base of pectoral-fin base; pectoral-fin broad; frontal ridge and outer surface of maxilla (and dentary in some species) rugose, bearing low conical knobs; parietal spines strong and sharp; quadrate with single lower spine; inner and outer sphenotic spines well developed; epiotic spines well developed; articular spine one, anterolateral to jaw joint; subopercular spine one; interopercular spines two; humeral spine well developed and complex, with three to five spinelets; ural centrum depressed, with transverse process; eye suboval; esca pennant-like or tassel-like flap; preserved coloration pale khaki to brown dorsally; light ventrally; peritoneum pigmentation from light to dark; floor of mouth with dark pigmentations except
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFF802442FF28FAE3FE2A195F" authorityName="Chen &amp; Lee &amp; Chen" authorityYear="2024" box="[189,420,1298,1324]" family="Lophiidae" genus="Lophiomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="258" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="immaculioralis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF802442FF28FAE3FE2A195F" box="[189,420,1298,1324]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="258">Lm. immaculioralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F1CF2036FF802442FE3EFAE3FD87195E" box="[427,521,1299,1325]" pageId="19" pageNumber="258" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, ranging from light background with reticulate dark pattern, anastomosing dark pattern, to dark background with circular or irregular pale pattern; lateral surface of lower jaw, head, and caudal peduncle with well-developed tendrils.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="909212D4FF802442FF28FA6AFC7B1B12" pageId="19" pageNumber="258" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="D837415FFF802442FF28FA6AFEA119C7" blockId="19.[189,303,1434,1460]" box="[189,303,1434,1460]" pageId="19" pageNumber="258">
<heading id="837FF633FF802442FF28FA6AFEA119C7" bold="true" box="[189,303,1434,1460]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="258" reason="3">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF802442FF28FA6AFEA119C7" bold="true" box="[189,303,1434,1460]" pageId="19" pageNumber="258">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D837415FFF802442FF28FA38FD1D1AE1" blockId="19.[188,1399,1480,1683]" pageId="19" pageNumber="258">
This genus was thought to be monotypic since
<bibRefCitation id="BC193CAEFF802442FD46FA39FCF31990" author="Caruso J. H." box="[723,893,1481,1507]" pageId="19" pageNumber="258" pagination="11 - 30" refId="ref22963" refString="Caruso J. H. 1983. The systematics and distribution of the lophiid anglerfishes: II. Revisions of the genera Lophiomus and Lophius. Copeia 1983 (1): 11 - 30. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1444694" type="journal article" year="1983">Caruso (1983)</bibRefCitation>
. The present study re-defines it by including the result of CT-scan and the descriptions of four additional species. Unlike the characteristics described by
<bibRefCitation id="BC193CAEFF802442FF74F9FFFE0C1A5A" author="Caruso J. H." box="[225,386,1551,1577]" pageId="19" pageNumber="258" pagination="11 - 30" refId="ref22963" refString="Caruso J. H. 1983. The systematics and distribution of the lophiid anglerfishes: II. Revisions of the genera Lophiomus and Lophius. Copeia 1983 (1): 11 - 30. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1444694" type="journal article" year="1983">Caruso (1983</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="BC193CAEFF802442FE1AF9FFFE451A59" author="Caruso J. H." box="[399,459,1551,1578]" pageId="19" pageNumber="258" pagination="870 - 875" refId="ref23009" refString="Caruso J. H. 1985. The systematics and distribution of the lophiid anglerfishes: III. Intergeneric relationships. Copeia 1985 (4): 870 - 875. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1445235" type="journal article" year="1985">1985</bibRefCitation>
) for this genus, which include a floor of the mouth with a distinct dark marking and 6 dorsal-fin spines, the newly described species,
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFF802442FCBDF9C3FB801A3F" authorityName="Chen &amp; Lee &amp; Chen" authorityYear="2024" box="[808,1038,1586,1612]" family="Lophiidae" genus="Lophiomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="258" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="immaculioralis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF802442FCBDF9C3FB801A3F" box="[808,1038,1586,1612]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="258">Lm. immaculioralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F1CF2036FF802442FB81F9C3FBFF1A3E" box="[1044,1137,1587,1613]" pageId="19" pageNumber="258" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, features a floor of the mouth without a distinct dark marking and 5 dorsal-fin spines. Consequently, the generic definition of this genus is herein revised accordingly.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D837415FFF802442FF28F94AFC7B1B12" blockId="19.[189,1399,1722,1889]" pageId="19" pageNumber="258">
It is noteworthy that meristic counts of dorsal-fin rays and anal-fin rays were often misinterpreted in studies conducted before
<bibRefCitation id="BC193CAEFF802442FD89F92DFD441A84" author="Caruso J. H." box="[540,714,1757,1783]" pageId="19" pageNumber="258" pagination="11 - 30" refId="ref22963" refString="Caruso J. H. 1983. The systematics and distribution of the lophiid anglerfishes: II. Revisions of the genera Lophiomus and Lophius. Copeia 1983 (1): 11 - 30. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1444694" type="journal article" year="1983">Caruso (1983)</bibRefCitation>
when X-ray or CT scanning was not available for the examinations (
<tableCitation id="950A74E4FF802442FEFDF8F0FE4E1B69" box="[360,448,1792,1818]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="5.[185,255,702,730]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Table 1. Comparison of the original description of all previously described nominal species of Lophiomus Gill, 1883." pageId="19" pageNumber="258">Table 1</tableCitation>
). The dorsal-fin rays are found to be forked in the last ray at least in
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFF802442FB72F8F1FAF81B69" authorityName="Chen &amp; Lee &amp; Chen" authorityYear="2024" box="[1255,1398,1792,1818]" family="Lophiidae" genus="Chirolophius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="258" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laticeps">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF802442FB72F8F1FAF81B69" box="[1255,1398,1792,1818]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="258">Lm. laticeps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="40B35DDAFF802442FF53F8D3FEA01B4D" box="[198,302,1827,1854]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="27.[189,232,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[253,1335,265,1851]" captionTargetId="figure-12@27.[253,1335,265,1851]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Fig. 10. Chirolophius laticeps Ogilby, 1910, holotype (AMS E. 2973). A. Preserved specimen, dorsal view. B. Ventral view. C. Floor of mouth. D. X-ray radiograph in dorsal view. E. X-ray radiograph in lateral view (white triangles indicate the dorsal-fin spines; gray triangles indicate the dorsal-fin rays). Photographed by K. Parkinson." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12806119" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12806119/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="258">Fig. 10E</figureCitation>
), which may have led previous researchers to miscount the dorsal-fin rays as nine. The anal-fin rays were also miscounted as seven in previous descriptions (
<tableCitation id="950A74E4FF802442FC19F8B7FC6A1B12" box="[908,996,1863,1889]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="5.[185,255,702,730]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Table 1. Comparison of the original description of all previously described nominal species of Lophiomus Gill, 1883." pageId="19" pageNumber="258">Table 1</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>