798 lines
118 KiB
XML
798 lines
118 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="A7A0A4B1C7E1C18E277786F9D0AE0CE5">New and revised taxa of Neotropical Diplotaxini (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae): do they change the existing relationships? Revisiting systematics with morphological and molecular data</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B5F064DE06A32F3EAE98F06E8C7A361E">Cherman, Mariana A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B606A5BB62A0DC4FF13AD866C2C5AD46">Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 19020, 81531 - 980, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil & Departamento de Biologia e Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Av. Fernando Correia, no. 2367, Boa Esperança, 78060 - 900, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="5E52837675F9AB302419A107400321F2">Basílio, Daniel S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0E302C491749BFF6266F1775EAF68BE1">Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 19020, 81531 - 980, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="A8680BEEC518D71394363A161686FAF6">Clarkson, Bruno</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="A00C3E066934AF7E6F64772F49EEDEC2">Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 19020, 81531 - 980, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil & Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil, 4365, Pavilhão Mourisco, Manguinhos, 21040 - 360, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil & Laboratório de Entomologia e Fitopatologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, 28013 - 602 Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="230B19E0F1076F3840B42F7CD157A838">Agostinis, André O.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B9D0CC9942850AA1A4409F9B30080DD9">Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 19020, 81531 - 980, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="23DC8B4DBFB38DDF37E3D6EFC0011927">Canadian Museum of Nature, 1740 Chemin Pink, Gatineau, Quebec, J 9 J 3 N 7, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="F19DEC8D97B3012378C9401FCDF11B4D">Departamento de Biologia e Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Av. Fernando Correia, no. 2367, Boa Esperança, 78060 - 900, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="25FB25E460F5A7BEA5A42409F0CEE70A">Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 19020, 81531 - 980, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C784ED7FFC7FF823348FA885BF2FA13" ID-CoL="8YRKM" authority="Blanchard, 1851" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1851" box="[330,649,1385,1412]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Homalochilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B90CE946FFC7FF823348FA8858ADFA14" bold="true" box="[330,470,1385,1412]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="109">Homalochilus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE948A5FFC7FF8233D9FA885BF2FA13" author="Blanchard ME" box="[475,649,1385,1411]" pageId="11" pageNumber="109" refId="ref26799" refString="Blanchard ME. Museum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris. Catalogue de la Collection Entomologique. Classe des Insectes. Ordre des Coleopteres. Tome I. Part 2. Paris: Gide et Baudry, 1851." type="book" year="1851">Blanchard, 1851</bibRefCitation>
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(
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<figureCitation id="134329D1FFC7FF82338EFA6F5886FA38" box="[396,509,1422,1448]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="12.[115,180,1760,1784]" captionTargetBox="[115,1459,144,1730]" captionTargetId="figure-7@12.[115,1459,144,1732]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 4. Diagnostic features and transformations that support Homalochilus. Head in dorsal view (A), head and anterior portion of prothorax in dorsolateral view (B); head in frontal view (C); maxilla (D); labium (E); elytra, white square indicates erect setae (F); head, pronotum, scutellum and proleg (G), thoracic and abdominal ventrites, white lines indicate size of ventrites (H). White arrows in each figure indicate transformations and/or detailed features." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241102" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241102/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="109">FIG. 4A–H</figureCitation>
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)
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<paragraph id="8BC73554FFC7FF823283FA2E5811F891" blockId="11.[129,778,1487,1793]" pageId="11" pageNumber="109">
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<taxonomicName id="4C784ED7FFC7FF823283FA2E5B7CFA77" authority="Blanchard 1851: 172" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityPageNumber="172" authorityYear="1851" box="[129,519,1487,1511]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Homalochilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B90CE946FFC7FF823283FA2E587CFA77" box="[129,263,1487,1511]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="109">Homalochilus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE948A5FFC7FF82331BFA2E5B7CFA77" author="Blanchard ME" box="[281,519,1487,1511]" pageId="11" pageNumber="109" refId="ref26799" refString="Blanchard ME. Museum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris. Catalogue de la Collection Entomologique. Classe des Insectes. Ordre des Coleopteres. Tome I. Part 2. Paris: Gide et Baudry, 1851." type="book" year="1851">Blanchard 1851: 172</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(original description);
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE948A5FFC7FF823283FA0F5820F996" author="Lacordaire JT" box="[129,347,1518,1542]" pageId="11" pageNumber="109" pagination="594" refId="ref28176" refString="Lacordaire JT. Genera des Coleopteres ou expose methodique et critique de tous les genres proposes jusqu'ici dans cet ordre d'insectes. Tome XXX. Pectinicornes et lamellicornes. In: Lacordaire T (ed.), Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Paris: Librairie Encyclopedique de Roret, 1855, 594." type="book chapter" year="1855">Lacordaire 1855: 270</bibRefCitation>
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||
(redescription); Harold 1869: 1141 (catalogue);
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE948A5FFC7FF8232D7F9EF58F1F9B6" author="Bruch C" box="[213,394,1550,1574]" pageId="11" pageNumber="109" pagination="181 - 225" refId="ref26889" refString="Bruch C. Catalogo sistematico de los coleopteros de la Republica Argentina. Revista del Museo de la Plata 1911; 17: 181 - 225." type="journal article" year="1911">Bruch 1911: 201</bibRefCitation>
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||
(catalogue); Dalla Torre 1913: 319 (catalogue);
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE948A5FFC7FF82330FF9CC5B70F9D5" author="Blackwelder RE" box="[269,523,1581,1605]" pageId="11" pageNumber="109" pagination="189 - 341" refId="ref26760" refString="Blackwelder RE. Checklist of the coleopterous insects of Mexico, Central America, the West Indies and South America, Part 2. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 1944; 185: 189 - 341." type="journal article" year="1944">Blackwelder 1944: 228</bibRefCitation>
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(catalogue);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE948A5FFC7FF8230A5F9CC5864F9F4" author="Gutierrez R" pageId="11" pageNumber="109" pagination="207 - 27" refId="ref27805" refString="Gutierrez R. Notas sobre Scarabaeidae Neotropicos. Revista Chilena de Entomologia 1952; 2: 207 - 27." type="journal article" year="1952">Gutiérrez 1952: 211–212</bibRefCitation>
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||
, 213 (redescription, key);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE948A5FFC7FF82302EF9AD5BB1F9F4" author="Smith KGV" box="[556,714,1612,1636]" pageId="11" pageNumber="109" pagination="1 - 143" refId="ref29036" refString="Smith KGV. Darwin's insects: Charles Darwin's entomological notes. In Duncan M. Porter (ed.), Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Historical Series) 1987; 14: 1 - 143." type="journal article" year="1987">Smith 1987: 62</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(catalogue);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE948A5FFC7FF8232D2F98D5817F914" author="Evans AV" box="[208,364,1644,1668]" pageId="11" pageNumber="109" pagination="1 - 458" refId="ref27431" refString="Evans AV. A checklist of the New World chafers (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae). Zootaxa 2003; 211: 1 - 458." type="journal article" year="2003">Evans 2003: 11</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 206 (systematics, catalogue);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE948A5FFC7FF8230A0F98D5850F933" author="Evans AV & Smith ABT" pageId="11" pageNumber="109" pagination="1 - 344" refId="ref27458" refString="Evans AV, Smith ABT. An electronic checklist of the New World chafers (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae), v. 1. Papers in Entomology 2005; 1: 1 - 344." type="journal article" year="2005">Evans and Smith 2005: 170</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(catalogue);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE948A5FFC7FF8233B0F96A5BB1F933" author="Evans AV & Smith ABT" box="[434,714,1675,1699]" pageId="11" pageNumber="109" pagination="1 - 344" refId="ref27495" refString="Evans AV, Smith ABT. An electronic checklist of the New World chafers (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae), v. 3, Papers in Entomology 2009; 1: 1 - 344." type="journal article" year="2009">Evans and Smith 2009: 174</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(catalogue);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE948A5FFC7FF8232CDF94B5806F952" author="Katovich K" box="[207,381,1706,1730]" pageId="11" pageNumber="109" pagination="1 - 78" refId="ref27991" refString="Katovich K. A generic-level phylogenetic review of the Macrodactylini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae). Insecta Mundi 2008; 23: 1 - 78." type="journal article" year="2008">Katovich 2008: 7</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(systematics);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE948A5FFC7FF823014F94B5BB0F952" author="Krajcik M" box="[534,715,1706,1730]" pageId="11" pageNumber="109" refId="ref28103" refString="Krajcik M. Checklist of the World Scarabaeoidea. Plzen: Animma. x, 2012." type="book" year="2012">Krajčík 2012: 128</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(catalogue);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE948A5FFC7FF8232D3F92858ADF971" author="Cherman MA & Moron MA & Almeida LM" box="[209,470,1737,1761]" pageId="11" pageNumber="109" pagination="744 - 70" refId="ref27020" refString="Cherman MA, Moron MA, Almeida LM. Phylogenetic relationships within Diplotaxini Kirby (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae: Melolonthinae) with emphasis on Liogenys Guerin-Meneville. Systematic Entomology 2016; 41: 744 - 70." type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Cherman
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CE946FFC7FF82333BF92B5813F971" box="[313,360,1737,1761]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="109">et al.</emphasis>
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2016: 765
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(systematics);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE948A5FFC7FF823071F92859AEF891" author="Cherman MA & Mise KM & Moron MA" pageId="11" pageNumber="109" pagination="1 - 120" refId="ref27057" refString="Cherman MA, Mise KM, Moron MA et al. A taxonomic revision of Liogenys occurring in Brazil with an interactive key and remarks on New World Diplotaxini (Coleoptera, Melolonthidae). ZooKeys 2017; 699: 1 - 120." type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Cherman
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CE946FFC7FF8230D8F92B5A71F971" box="[730,778,1737,1761]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="109">et al.</emphasis>
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2017:18
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</bibRefCitation>
|
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(systematics).
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</paragraph>
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|
||
<typeStatus id="54C38BF6FFC7FF823283F8C259CAF8AA" box="[129,177,1827,1850]" pageId="11" pageNumber="109">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
species:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784ED7FFC7FF823314F8C35A72F8AA" authority="Blanchard, 1851" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1851" box="[278,777,1826,1850]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Homalochilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatostriatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CE946FFC7FF823314F8C35B32F8AA" box="[278,585,1826,1850]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="109">Homalochilus punctatostriatus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE948A5FFC7FF82305AF8C35A72F8AA" author="Blanchard ME" box="[600,777,1826,1850]" pageId="11" pageNumber="109" refId="ref26799" refString="Blanchard ME. Museum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris. Catalogue de la Collection Entomologique. Classe des Insectes. Ordre des Coleopteres. Tome I. Part 2. Paris: Gide et Baudry, 1851." type="book" year="1851">Blanchard, 1851</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(here designated) [using Article 70.3.2 of the International Code on Zoological Nomenclature, 1999 to correct the misidentification of that species as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784ED7FFC7FF823390F8615B35F808" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1851" box="[402,590,1920,1944]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Homalochilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CE946FFC7FF823390F8615B35F808" box="[402,590,1920,1944]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="109">Homalochilus niger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by both
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE948A5FFC7FF8230A5F8615985F828" author="Gutierrez R" pageId="11" pageNumber="109" pagination="207 - 27" refId="ref27805" refString="Gutierrez R. Notas sobre Scarabaeidae Neotropicos. Revista Chilena de Entomologia 1952; 2: 207 - 27." type="journal article" year="1952">Gutiérrez (1952: 213)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE948A5FFC7FF82332CF8415899F828" author="Evans AV" box="[302,482,1952,1976]" pageId="11" pageNumber="109" pagination="1 - 458" refId="ref27431" refString="Evans AV. A checklist of the New World chafers (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae). Zootaxa 2003; 211: 1 - 458." type="journal article" year="2003">Evans (2003: 11)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
]. See details on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784ED7FFC7FF823081F87E5A72F827" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1851" box="[643,777,1951,1975]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Homalochilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CE946FFC7FF823081F87E5A72F827" box="[643,777,1951,1975]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="109">Homalochilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
monophyly, composition, and remarks in the systematics’ section (Discussion).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36266DFFFC7FF8431D3FA205CBBFA3B" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="111" pageId="11" pageNumber="109" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC73554FFC7FF8231D3FA205C51FA4A" blockId="11.[825,1475,1472,1973]" box="[977,1322,1472,1498]" pageId="11" pageNumber="109">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CE946FFC7FF8231D3FA205C51FA4A" box="[977,1322,1472,1498]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="109">
|
||
Taxonomic history of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784ED7FFC7FF823698FA215C51FA4A" authorityYear="1851" box="[1178,1322,1472,1498]" pageId="11" pageNumber="109">Homalochilus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC73554FFC7FF84313BFA065865FE96" blockId="11.[825,1475,1472,1973]" lastBlockId="13.[129,781,144,1985]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="111" pageId="11" pageNumber="109">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE948A5FFC7FF82313BFA065A8BFA6E" author="Blanchard ME" box="[825,1008,1510,1535]" pageId="11" pageNumber="109" refId="ref26799" refString="Blanchard ME. Museum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris. Catalogue de la Collection Entomologique. Classe des Insectes. Ordre des Coleopteres. Tome I. Part 2. Paris: Gide et Baudry, 1851." type="book" year="1851">Blanchard (1851)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784ED7FFC7FF82365FFA065D98FA6F" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1851" box="[1117,1251,1511,1535]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Homalochilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CE946FFC7FF82365FFA065D98FA6F" box="[1117,1251,1511,1535]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="109">Homalochilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on two species:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784ED7FFC7FF82313BF9E65AF3F98E" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1851" box="[825,904,1543,1566]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Homalochilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CE946FFC7FF82313BF9E65AF3F98E" box="[825,904,1543,1566]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="109">H. niger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784ED7FFC7FF8231BBF9E65D0EF98E" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1851" box="[953,1141,1543,1566]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Homalochilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatostriatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CE946FFC7FF8231BBF9E65D0EF98E" box="[953,1141,1543,1566]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="109">H. punctatostriatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, both collected by M. d’Orbigny at the Patagonian Baie San-Blas (Bahia San Blas, southern
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49BCFBB6FFC7FF82313BF9A45ABEF9CD" box="[825,965,1605,1629]" country="Argentina" name="Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires" pageId="11" pageNumber="109">Buenos Aires</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36F75C4FFC7FF8231D3F9A45D47F9CD" box="[977,1084,1605,1629]" name="Argentina" pageId="11" pageNumber="109">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
). The author allied this genus mainly with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784ED7FFC7FF82316DF9855AAEF9EC" authorityName="Kirby" authorityYear="1837" box="[879,981,1636,1660]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Diplotaxis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CE946FFC7FF82316DF9855AAEF9EC" box="[879,981,1636,1660]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="109">Diplotaxis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with differences in the labium and the shorter body length. Some features mentioned by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE948A5FFC7FF823704F9625CB9F90B" author="Blanchard ME" box="[1286,1474,1667,1691]" pageId="11" pageNumber="109" refId="ref26799" refString="Blanchard ME. Museum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris. Catalogue de la Collection Entomologique. Classe des Insectes. Ordre des Coleopteres. Tome I. Part 2. Paris: Gide et Baudry, 1851." type="book" year="1851">Blanchard (1851)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
present in both species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784ED7FFC7FF823642F9425DBDF92B" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1851" box="[1088,1222,1699,1723]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Homalochilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CE946FFC7FF823642F9425DBDF92B" box="[1088,1222,1699,1723]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="109">Homalochilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are: body coarsely punctate; clypeus broad, lamina-shaped; distal palpomere of maxilla oval; labium wide, enlarged laterally and truncate on apex, palpi inserted ventrally; prothorax wide; and elytra with apex rounded. The generic description (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE948A5FFC7FF8236C3F8C15C17F8A8" author="Blanchard ME" box="[1217,1388,1824,1848]" pageId="11" pageNumber="109" refId="ref26799" refString="Blanchard ME. Museum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris. Catalogue de la Collection Entomologique. Classe des Insectes. Ordre des Coleopteres. Tome I. Part 2. Paris: Gide et Baudry, 1851." type="book" year="1851">Blanchard 1851</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) stated other features found only in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784ED7FFC7FF823666F8A15C5AF8C7" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1851" box="[1124,1313,1856,1879]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Homalochilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatostriatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CE946FFC7FF823666F8A15C5AF8C7" box="[1124,1313,1856,1879]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="109">H. punctatostriatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: antennae with nine antennomeres; scutellum triangular; maxilla with two teeth on galea (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784ED7FFC7FF8231DAF89E5D5CF806" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1851" box="[984,1063,1919,1942]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Homalochilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CE946FFC7FF8231DAF89E5D5CF806" box="[984,1063,1919,1942]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="109">H. niger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has four); and the elytral apex rounded. This author also mentioned that the tarsi are cylindrical, not enlarged. This feature is controversial, as he used female
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C38BF6FFC1FF8430DCFF7159C3FF58" pageId="13" pageNumber="111" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="134329D1FFC1FF8432CAFF4E5849FF57" box="[200,306,175,199]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="15.[129,194,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[180,1423,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-8@15.[180,1423,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 5. Homalochilus punctatostriatus. Male habitus (A); female lectotype habitus (B) and labels (C); male in lateral (D) and posterior (E) views; male metatibial apex (F); parameres in dorsal (G) and lateral (H) views. White arrow indicates the longest spur." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241104/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="111">Figs 5B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134329D1FFC1FF84333CFF51580FFF57" box="[318,372,176,199]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="19.[129,194,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[181,1423,149,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-7@19.[181,1423,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 7. Liogenys niger (Blanchard) comb. nov.. Male neotype habitus (A), labels (E), and complete series at MLUH (D); female lectotype (B) and labels (F); non-uniform body colour variation (C); male in lateral (G) and posterior (I) views; detail of ventrites II and II with medial tubercle (H); parameres in dorsal (J) and lateral (K) views." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241108" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241108/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="111">7B, F</figureCitation>
|
||
) to describe each species, and enlarged tarsi is a dimorphic character in males of several species among Melolonthinae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF0765DCFFC0FF853271F9015883F8DC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241102" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11241102" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241102/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="110" startId="12.[115,180,1760,1784]" targetBox="[115,1459,144,1730]" targetPageId="12" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC73554FFC0FF853271F9015883F8DC" blockId="12.[115,1447,1760,1868]" pageId="12" pageNumber="110">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CE946FFC0FF853271F90159B1F968" bold="true" box="[115,202,1760,1784]" pageId="12" pageNumber="110">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Diagnostic features and transformations that support
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784ED7FFC0FF8530C4F9015A39F968" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1851" box="[710,834,1760,1784]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Homalochilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CE946FFC0FF8530C4F9015A39F968" box="[710,834,1760,1784]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="110">Homalochilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Head in dorsal view (A), head and anterior portion of prothorax in dorsolateral view (B); head in frontal view (C); maxilla (D); labium (E); elytra, white square indicates erect setae (F); head, pronotum, scutellum and proleg (G), thoracic and abdominal ventrites, white lines indicate size of ventrites (H). White arrows in each figure indicate transformations and/or detailed features.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC73554FFC1FF84329EFEEC59B9FDAF" blockId="13.[129,781,144,1985]" pageId="13" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE948A5FFC1FF84329EFEEC5826FEB5" author="Lacordaire JT" box="[156,349,269,293]" pageId="13" pageNumber="111" pagination="594" refId="ref28176" refString="Lacordaire JT. Genera des Coleopteres ou expose methodique et critique de tous les genres proposes jusqu'ici dans cet ordre d'insectes. Tome XXX. Pectinicornes et lamellicornes. In: Lacordaire T (ed.), Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Paris: Librairie Encyclopedique de Roret, 1855, 594." type="book chapter" year="1855">Lacordaire (1855)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
allied
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784ED7FFC1FF8433A5FEEC5B56FEB5" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1851" box="[423,557,269,293]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Homalochilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CE946FFC1FF8433A5FEEC5B56FEB5" box="[423,557,269,293]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="111">Homalochilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
almost entirely with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784ED7FFC1FF843283FECC59AEFED4" box="[129,213,301,324]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Liogenys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CE946FFC1FF843283FECC59AEFED4" box="[129,213,301,324]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="111">Liogenys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
except that the maxillary palpi are shorter and wider, distal palpomere thick, oval, acuminate, and without fovea; head short, frons swollen and sloping on vertex; and in the clypeus rounded and weakly flanged. Different from what was stated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE948A5FFC1FF843283FE4B583AFE52" author="Lacordaire JT" box="[129,321,426,450]" pageId="13" pageNumber="111" pagination="594" refId="ref28176" refString="Lacordaire JT. Genera des Coleopteres ou expose methodique et critique de tous les genres proposes jusqu'ici dans cet ordre d'insectes. Tome XXX. Pectinicornes et lamellicornes. In: Lacordaire T (ed.), Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Paris: Librairie Encyclopedique de Roret, 1855, 594." type="book chapter" year="1855">Lacordaire (1855)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784ED7FFC1FF84334CFE4B5B5DFE52" box="[334,550,426,450]" pageId="13" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CE946FFC1FF84334CFE4B58AFFE52" box="[334,468,426,450]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="111">Homalochilus</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
do have fovea on the maxillar distal palpomere.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE948A5FFC1FF84339BFE285B20FE71" author="Lacordaire JT" box="[409,603,457,481]" pageId="13" pageNumber="111" pagination="594" refId="ref28176" refString="Lacordaire JT. Genera des Coleopteres ou expose methodique et critique de tous les genres proposes jusqu'ici dans cet ordre d'insectes. Tome XXX. Pectinicornes et lamellicornes. In: Lacordaire T (ed.), Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Paris: Librairie Encyclopedique de Roret, 1855, 594." type="book chapter" year="1855">Lacordaire (1855)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
mentioned proand mesotarsi weakly enlarged with pads in males, so we infer that he was referring to a series of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784ED7FFC1FF8433EDFDE85B3BFDB0" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1851" box="[495,576,521,544]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Homalochilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CE946FFC1FF8433EDFDE85B3BFDB0" box="[495,576,521,544]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="111">H. niger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with males and females.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC73554FFC1FF84329EFDA75BA7FB60" blockId="13.[129,781,144,1985]" pageId="13" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE948A5FFC1FF84329EFDA75855FDCF" author="Ohaus F" box="[156,302,582,607]" pageId="13" pageNumber="111" pagination="553 - 65" refId="ref28698" refString="Ohaus F. Neue Coleoptera Lamellicornia aus Argentinien (Col.). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 1911; 5: 553 - 65." type="journal article" year="1911">Ohaus (1911)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784ED7FFC1FF843398FDA65B54FDCE" box="[410,559,582,606]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Astaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CE946FFC1FF843398FDA65B54FDCE" box="[410,559,582,606]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="111">Astaena bicolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from a series of
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D7EFEDDFFC1FF8430D2FDA65997FDEE" count="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="111" type="generic">seven specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
collected in Córdoba (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36F75C4FFC1FF8433D2FD875B45FDEE" box="[464,574,614,638]" name="Argentina" pageId="13" pageNumber="111">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
). Some of these specimens had been already identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784ED7FFC1FF84300CFD675A71FD0D" authority="Burmeister" authorityName="Burmeister" box="[526,778,645,669]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Astaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="discoidalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CE946FFC1FF84300CFD675BEBFD0D" box="[526,656,645,669]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="111">A. discoidalis</emphasis>
|
||
Burmeister
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by both Burmeister and Stempelmann, and others as ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784ED7FFC1FF8430A8FD4459C4FD4C" authority="Burm." authorityName="Burm." class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Astaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CE946FFC1FF8430A8FD445A72FD2C" box="[682,777,676,700]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="111">A. bicolor</emphasis>
|
||
Burm.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’, the latter specimens belonged to W. Günther. Based on the identification label of these specimens bearing ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784ED7FFC1FF8430A2FD0259BFFC8A" authority="', Ohaus" authorityName="Ohaus" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Astaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CE946FFC1FF8430A2FD025A7AFD6B" box="[672,769,739,763]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="111">A. bicolor</emphasis>
|
||
’, Ohaus
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
described this species, and stated his doubt about the generic position due to the toothed mandible, which does not match with those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784ED7FFC1FF843358FCA058D2FCC8" authorityName="Erichson" authorityYear="1847" box="[346,425,833,856]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Astaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CE946FFC1FF843358FCA058D2FCC8" box="[346,425,833,856]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="111">Astaena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE948A5FFC1FF843047FCA05BA0FCC9" author="Ohaus F" box="[581,731,833,857]" pageId="13" pageNumber="111" pagination="553 - 65" refId="ref28698" refString="Ohaus F. Neue Coleoptera Lamellicornia aus Argentinien (Col.). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 1911; 5: 553 - 65." type="journal article" year="1911">Ohaus (1911)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the diagnostic features of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784ED7FFC1FF843363FC8058BBFCE8" box="[353,448,864,888]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Astaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CE946FFC1FF843363FC8058BBFCE8" box="[353,448,864,888]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="111">A. bicolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are: body convex, black, weakly shiny, elytra red with margins black; clypeus large and trapezoidal, frons and vertex coarsely punctate and opaque; antenna with nine antennomeres; prothorax narrowed along its anterior margin; pronotal anterior corners projected; scales intercalated with bristles all along the pronotal margin; scutellum flat or depressed, smooth; elytra with sutural ridge bearing scattered, microscopic, yellow bristles, and apex bearing four-to-five brown, erect bristles; mesosternum reduced; propygidium very long, longer than pygidium, both equally punctate and covered with white, thick scales on the anterior margin, as well as the thorax and ventrites ventrally; tarsi cylindrical, slender; first tarsi with simple claws; mesotarsi and metatarsi with bifid claws.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC73554FFC1FF84329EFB1958B7FADE" blockId="13.[129,781,144,1985]" pageId="13" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE948A5FFC1FF84329EFB195850FA80" author="Bruch C" box="[156,299,1272,1296]" pageId="13" pageNumber="111" pagination="181 - 225" refId="ref26889" refString="Bruch C. Catalogo sistematico de los coleopteros de la Republica Argentina. Revista del Museo de la Plata 1911; 17: 181 - 225." type="journal article" year="1911">Bruch (1911)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784ED7FFC1FF843393FB19589AFA9F" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1851" box="[401,481,1272,1295]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Homalochilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CE946FFC1FF843393FB19589AFA9F" box="[401,481,1272,1295]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="111">H. niger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784ED7FFC1FF843016FB195BAAFA9F" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1851" box="[532,721,1272,1295]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Homalochilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatostriatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CE946FFC1FF843016FB195BAAFA9F" box="[532,721,1272,1295]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="111">H. punctatostriatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from ‘Patagonia’ and expanded the distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784ED7FFC1FF84306FFAF659BFFADE" authority="Ohaus" authorityName="Ohaus" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Astaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CE946FFC1FF84306FFAF65A72FABF" box="[621,777,1303,1327]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="111">Astaena bicolor</emphasis>
|
||
Ohaus
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49BCFBB6FFC1FF8432E1FAD7583EFADE" box="[227,325,1334,1358]" country="Argentina" name="Tucuman" pageId="13" pageNumber="111">Tucumán</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36F75C4FFC1FF843350FAD758BBFADE" box="[338,448,1334,1358]" name="Argentina" pageId="13" pageNumber="111">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC73554FFC1FF84329EFAB75B72FA1C" blockId="13.[129,781,144,1985]" pageId="13" pageNumber="111">
|
||
The
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE948A5FFC1FF8432C5FAB758E9FAFE" author="Blackwelder RE" box="[199,402,1366,1390]" pageId="13" pageNumber="111" pagination="189 - 341" refId="ref26760" refString="Blackwelder RE. Checklist of the coleopterous insects of Mexico, Central America, the West Indies and South America, Part 2. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 1944; 185: 189 - 341." type="journal article" year="1944">Blackwelder (1944)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
catalogue stated ‘Patagonia’ as the locality for both species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784ED7FFC1FF84337FFA945B78FA1D" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1851" box="[381,515,1397,1421]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Homalochilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CE946FFC1FF84337FFA945B78FA1D" box="[381,515,1397,1421]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="111">Homalochilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC73554FFC1FF84329EFA755D1FFBA4" blockId="13.[129,781,144,1985]" lastBlockId="13.[825,1475,143,1452]" pageId="13" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE948A5FFC1FF84329EFA755837FA3C" author="Gutierrez R" box="[156,332,1428,1452]" pageId="13" pageNumber="111" pagination="207 - 27" refId="ref27805" refString="Gutierrez R. Notas sobre Scarabaeidae Neotropicos. Revista Chilena de Entomologia 1952; 2: 207 - 27." type="journal article" year="1952">Gutiérrez (1952)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
revised
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784ED7FFC1FF84339CFA755B5FFA3C" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1851" box="[414,548,1428,1452]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Homalochilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CE946FFC1FF84339CFA755B5FFA3C" box="[414,548,1428,1452]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="111">Homalochilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
due to the ‘insufficient diagnoses of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE948A5FFC1FF843307FA5558C7FA5B" author="Blanchard ME" box="[261,444,1459,1484]" pageId="13" pageNumber="111" refId="ref26799" refString="Blanchard ME. Museum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris. Catalogue de la Collection Entomologique. Classe des Insectes. Ordre des Coleopteres. Tome I. Part 2. Paris: Gide et Baudry, 1851." type="book" year="1851">Blanchard (1851)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
’, and redescribed it based on the original descriptions and non-type specimens from Bruch’s collection housed at MACN.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE948A5FFC1FF843396FA135B3CF99A" author="Gutierrez R" box="[404,583,1522,1546]" pageId="13" pageNumber="111" pagination="207 - 27" refId="ref27805" refString="Gutierrez R. Notas sobre Scarabaeidae Neotropicos. Revista Chilena de Entomologia 1952; 2: 207 - 27." type="journal article" year="1952">Gutiérrez (1952)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
suggested that the mandibles in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784ED7FFC1FF84330FF9F35816F9BA" box="[269,365,1554,1578]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Astaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CE946FFC1FF84330FF9F35816F9BA" box="[269,365,1554,1578]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="111">A. bicolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are more alike to macrodactylines than those of sericines, as stated early by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE948A5FFC1FF843001F9D05BE2F9D9" author="Ohaus F" box="[515,665,1585,1609]" pageId="13" pageNumber="111" pagination="553 - 65" refId="ref28698" refString="Ohaus F. Neue Coleoptera Lamellicornia aus Argentinien (Col.). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 1911; 5: 553 - 65." type="journal article" year="1911">Ohaus (1911)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE948A5FFC1FF8430A5F9D059B0F9F8" author="Gutierrez R" pageId="13" pageNumber="111" pagination="207 - 27" refId="ref27805" refString="Gutierrez R. Notas sobre Scarabaeidae Neotropicos. Revista Chilena de Entomologia 1952; 2: 207 - 27." type="journal article" year="1952">Gutiérrez (1952)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
synonymized
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784ED7FFC1FF84335DF9B058C6F9F8" box="[351,445,1616,1640]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Astaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CE946FFC1FF84335DF9B058C6F9F8" box="[351,445,1616,1640]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="111">A. bicolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784ED7FFC1FF8433F5F9B05BC8F9F8" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1851" box="[503,691,1617,1640]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Homalochilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatostriatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CE946FFC1FF8433F5F9B05BC8F9F8" box="[503,691,1617,1640]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="111">H. punctatostriatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and justified this nomenclatural act stating that specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784ED7FFC1FF8430A9F9915A72F917" box="[683,777,1647,1671]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Astaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CE946FFC1FF8430A9F9915A72F917" box="[683,777,1647,1671]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="111">A. bicolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are the males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784ED7FFC1FF84331DF97158A2F937" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1851" box="[287,473,1680,1703]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Homalochilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatostriatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CE946FFC1FF84331DF97158A2F937" box="[287,473,1680,1703]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="111">H. punctatostriatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
females, which was confirmed by Juan B. Bosq from the MACN. With this matching, Gutiérrez confirmed that, contrary to what was stated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE948A5FFC1FF843099F92C59B0F895" author="Lacordaire JT" pageId="13" pageNumber="111" pagination="594" refId="ref28176" refString="Lacordaire JT. Genera des Coleopteres ou expose methodique et critique de tous les genres proposes jusqu'ici dans cet ordre d'insectes. Tome XXX. Pectinicornes et lamellicornes. In: Lacordaire T (ed.), Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Paris: Librairie Encyclopedique de Roret, 1855, 594." type="book chapter" year="1855">Lacordaire (1855)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784ED7FFC1FF843336F90F588AF895" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1851" box="[308,497,1774,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Homalochilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatostriatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CE946FFC1FF843336F90F588AF895" box="[308,497,1774,1797]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="111">H. punctatostriatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
do not have enlarged tarsi.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE948A5FFC1FF843283F8ED584DF8B4" author="Gutierrez R" box="[129,310,1804,1828]" pageId="13" pageNumber="111" pagination="207 - 27" refId="ref27805" refString="Gutierrez R. Notas sobre Scarabaeidae Neotropicos. Revista Chilena de Entomologia 1952; 2: 207 - 27." type="journal article" year="1952">Gutiérrez (1952)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
suggested that
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE948A5FFC1FF8433DCF8ED5BE4F8B4" author="Lacordaire JT" box="[478,671,1804,1828]" pageId="13" pageNumber="111" pagination="594" refId="ref28176" refString="Lacordaire JT. Genera des Coleopteres ou expose methodique et critique de tous les genres proposes jusqu'ici dans cet ordre d'insectes. Tome XXX. Pectinicornes et lamellicornes. In: Lacordaire T (ed.), Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Paris: Librairie Encyclopedique de Roret, 1855, 594." type="book chapter" year="1855">Lacordaire (1855)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
had been referring to males of a Catamarquian series of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784ED7FFC1FF843071F8CD5988F8F3" authority="Burmeister" authorityName="Burmeister" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Liogenys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="morio">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CE946FFC1FF843071F8CD5A71F8D3" box="[627,778,1836,1859]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="111">Liogenys morio</emphasis>
|
||
Burmeister
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
instead of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784ED7FFC1FF843376F8AD5B4CF8F3" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1851" box="[372,567,1868,1891]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Homalochilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatostriatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CE946FFC1FF843376F8AD5B4CF8F3" box="[372,567,1868,1891]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="111">H. punctatostriatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784ED7FFC1FF84307BF8AD5A72F8F3" authorityName="Cherman & Basílio & Clarkson & Agostinis & Smith & Vaz-De-Mello & Almeida" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Blanchard" baseAuthorityYear="1851" box="[633,777,1868,1891]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Liogenys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CE946FFC1FF84307BF8AD5A72F8F3" box="[633,777,1868,1891]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="111">Liogenys niger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23F543DFFC1FF843283F88B5994F812" box="[129,239,1898,1922]" pageId="13" pageNumber="111" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
further in this text).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE948A5FFC1FF8433B9F88B5B10F812" author="Gutierrez R" box="[443,619,1898,1922]" pageId="13" pageNumber="111" pagination="207 - 27" refId="ref27805" refString="Gutierrez R. Notas sobre Scarabaeidae Neotropicos. Revista Chilena de Entomologia 1952; 2: 207 - 27." type="journal article" year="1952">Gutiérrez (1952)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
presented a key to genera of ‘Liogenyina’ (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784ED7FFC1FF843393F8685BF8F831" authority="Gutierrez" authorityName="Gutierrez" box="[401,643,1929,1953]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Homoliogenys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CE946FFC1FF843393F8685B62F831" box="[401,537,1929,1953]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="111">Homoliogenys</emphasis>
|
||
Gutiérrez
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784ED7FFC1FF84308CF86859BFF850" authority="Moser" authorityName="Moser" authorityYear="1919" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Manonychus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CE946FFC1FF84308CF8685A72F831" box="[654,777,1929,1953]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="111">Manonychus</emphasis>
|
||
Moser
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784ED7FFC1FF8432D4F8485827F851" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1851" box="[214,348,1961,1985]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Homalochilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CE946FFC1FF8432D4F8485827F851" box="[214,348,1961,1985]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="111">Homalochilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784ED7FFC1FF843372F84858BFF850" box="[368,452,1961,1984]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Liogenys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CE946FFC1FF843372F84858BFF850" box="[368,452,1961,1984]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="111">Liogenys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784ED7FFC1FF84300FF8485B22F850" authorityName="Curtis" authorityYear="1844" box="[525,601,1961,1984]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Pacuvia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CE946FFC1FF84300FF8485B22F850" box="[525,601,1961,1984]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="111">Pacuvia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and redefined
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784ED7FFC1FF84313BFF6E5AC4FF37" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1851" box="[825,959,143,167]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Homalochilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CE946FFC1FF84313BFF6E5AC4FF37" box="[825,959,143,167]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="111">Homalochilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In his diagnosis,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE948A5FFC1FF843670FF6E5C5FFF37" author="Gutierrez R" box="[1138,1316,143,167]" pageId="13" pageNumber="111" pagination="207 - 27" refId="ref27805" refString="Gutierrez R. Notas sobre Scarabaeidae Neotropicos. Revista Chilena de Entomologia 1952; 2: 207 - 27." type="journal article" year="1952">Gutiérrez (1952)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
added new features and corrected others, as follows: frontoclypeal suture absent (considered present in the present work); inferior portion of eyes much larger than the upper; club as long as the funicle, shorter in females; short maxilla, galea bearing two teeth, distal palpomere fusiform (no mention about the fovea, which is present); pronotal anterior corners acute and projected, posterior corners rounded, scutellum 1.5 times longer than the width, apex acute; elytra short, enlarged on posterior third; subapical callus weakly marked; apical margin of each elytron rounded; fifth ventrite slightly longer than the others; propygidium very large and exposed, fused with tergite; mesotibia and metatibia with transverse carina complete, stronger in females; tarsi slender, cylindrical in both sexes; two metatibial spurs strongly uneven, the longest twice the length of the tibial diameter; claws bifid; in males the protarsal claws simple.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE948A5FFC1FF843708FD845CB9FDED" author="Gutierrez R" box="[1290,1474,613,637]" pageId="13" pageNumber="111" pagination="207 - 27" refId="ref27805" refString="Gutierrez R. Notas sobre Scarabaeidae Neotropicos. Revista Chilena de Entomologia 1952; 2: 207 - 27." type="journal article" year="1952">Gutiérrez (1952)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also expanded the geographic distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784ED7FFC1FF84373EFD645CB9FD0D" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1851" box="[1340,1474,645,669]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Homalochilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CE946FFC1FF84373EFD645CB9FD0D" box="[1340,1474,645,669]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="111">Homalochilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
within
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36F75C4FFC1FF843183FD455A92FD2C" box="[897,1001,676,700]" name="Argentina" pageId="13" pageNumber="111">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
, until then known only from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49BCFBB6FFC1FF843712FD455CECFD2C" box="[1296,1431,676,700]" country="Argentina" name="Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires" pageId="13" pageNumber="111">Buenos Aires</collectingRegion>
|
||
and ‘Patagonia’, to
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49BCFBB6FFC1FF8431D2FD225D7DFD4B" box="[976,1030,707,731]" country="Argentina" name="Jujuy" pageId="13" pageNumber="111">Jujuy</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49BCFBB6FFC1FF843613FD225DFAFD4B" box="[1041,1153,707,731]" country="Argentina" name="Catamarca" pageId="13" pageNumber="111">Catamarca</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49BCFBB6FFC1FF84368FFD225C2CFD4B" box="[1165,1367,707,731]" country="Argentina" name="Santiago del Estero" pageId="13" pageNumber="111">Santiago del Estero</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49BCFBB6FFC1FF843761FD255CC4FD4B" box="[1379,1471,707,731]" country="Argentina" name="La Rioja" pageId="13" pageNumber="111">La Rioja</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49BCFBB6FFC1FF84313BFD025AE0FD6B" box="[825,923,739,763]" country="Argentina" name="Mendoza" pageId="13" pageNumber="111">Mendoza</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and Cordoba provinces.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE948A5FFC1FF8436A7FD025C22FD6A" author="Gutierrez R" box="[1189,1369,738,763]" pageId="13" pageNumber="111" pagination="207 - 27" refId="ref27805" refString="Gutierrez R. Notas sobre Scarabaeidae Neotropicos. Revista Chilena de Entomologia 1952; 2: 207 - 27." type="journal article" year="1952">Gutiérrez (1952)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
based the redescription of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784ED7FFC1FF8431DCFCE25D50FC8A" authorityName="Cherman & Basílio & Clarkson & Agostinis & Smith & Vaz-De-Mello & Almeida" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Blanchard" baseAuthorityYear="1851" box="[990,1067,771,794]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Liogenys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CE946FFC1FF8431DCFCE25D50FC8A" box="[990,1067,771,794]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="111">H. niger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on a population from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49BCFBB6FFC1FF843704FCE35C40FC8A" box="[1286,1339,770,794]" country="Argentina" name="Jujuy" pageId="13" pageNumber="111">Jujuy</collectingRegion>
|
||
composed of entirely black specimens similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784ED7FFC1FF84369CFCC35C21FCA9" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1851" box="[1182,1370,802,825]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Homalochilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatostriatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CE946FFC1FF84369CFCC35C21FCA9" box="[1182,1370,802,825]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="111">H. punctatostriatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(for more details see description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784ED7FFC1FF843641FCA05DB4FCC8" authorityName="Cherman & Basílio & Clarkson & Agostinis & Smith & Vaz-De-Mello & Almeida" authorityYear="2024" box="[1091,1231,833,856]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Homalochilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigripennis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CE946FFC1FF843641FCA05DB4FCC8" box="[1091,1231,833,856]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="111">H. nigripennis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). According to this author, the main features to distinguish
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784ED7FFC1FF8436B0FC805D84FCE8" authorityName="Cherman & Basílio & Clarkson & Agostinis & Smith & Vaz-De-Mello & Almeida" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Blanchard" baseAuthorityYear="1851" box="[1202,1279,865,888]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Liogenys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CE946FFC1FF8436B0FC805D84FCE8" box="[1202,1279,865,888]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="111">H. niger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CE946FFC1FF84370DFC805C39FCE8" box="[1295,1346,865,888]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="111">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
Gutiérrez in this paragraph) from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784ED7FFC1FF843616FC615DABFC07" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1851" box="[1044,1232,896,919]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Homalochilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatostriatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CE946FFC1FF843616FC615DABFC07" box="[1044,1232,896,919]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="111">H. punctatostriatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are the size, the former being slightly larger; the elytra in colour, entirely black (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784ED7FFC1FF843768FC7E5CCCFC26" authorityName="Cherman & Basílio & Clarkson & Agostinis & Smith & Vaz-De-Mello & Almeida" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Blanchard" baseAuthorityYear="1851" box="[1386,1463,927,950]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Liogenys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CE946FFC1FF843768FC7E5CCCFC26" box="[1386,1463,927,950]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="111">H. niger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) or red with margins black (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784ED7FFC1FF843650FC5E5C74FC46" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1851" box="[1106,1295,959,982]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Homalochilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatostriatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CE946FFC1FF843650FC5E5C74FC46" box="[1106,1295,959,982]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="111">H. punctatostriatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); and the ventral pubescence, bristled in thorax, lateral and disc of ventrites (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784ED7FFC1FF8437ABFC3F5A12FB84" authorityName="Cherman & Basílio & Clarkson & Agostinis & Smith & Vaz-De-Mello & Almeida" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Blanchard" baseAuthorityYear="1851" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Liogenys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CE946FFC1FF8437ABFC3F5A12FB84" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="111">H. niger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) or scaly at these points, mainly on anterior margins of each ventrite (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784ED7FFC1FF84319BFBFC5D2FFBA4" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1851" box="[921,1108,1053,1076]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Homalochilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatostriatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CE946FFC1FF84319BFBFC5D2FFBA4" box="[921,1108,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="111">H. punctatostriatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC73554FFC1FF843157FBDD5C06FB02" blockId="13.[825,1475,143,1452]" pageId="13" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE948A5FFC1FF843157FBDD5A9CFBC3" author="Evans AV" box="[853,999,1083,1107]" pageId="13" pageNumber="111" pagination="1 - 458" refId="ref27431" refString="Evans AV. A checklist of the New World chafers (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae). Zootaxa 2003; 211: 1 - 458." type="journal article" year="2003">Evans (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
designated
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784ED7FFC1FF84366CFBDD5DB8FBC3" authorityName="Cherman & Basílio & Clarkson & Agostinis & Smith & Vaz-De-Mello & Almeida" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Blanchard" baseAuthorityYear="1851" box="[1134,1219,1084,1107]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Liogenys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CE946FFC1FF84366CFBDD5DB8FBC3" box="[1134,1219,1084,1107]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="111">H. niger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C38BF6FFC1FF84371CFBDD5C37FBC4" box="[1310,1356,1084,1108]" pageId="13" pageNumber="111">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784ED7FFC1FF84313BFBBB5AC4FBE2" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1851" box="[825,959,1114,1138]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Homalochilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CE946FFC1FF84313BFBBB5AC4FBE2" box="[825,959,1114,1138]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="111">Homalochilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which had been previously done by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE948A5FFC1FF843762FBBB5AF8FB02" author="Gutierrez R" pageId="13" pageNumber="111" pagination="207 - 27" refId="ref27805" refString="Gutierrez R. Notas sobre Scarabaeidae Neotropicos. Revista Chilena de Entomologia 1952; 2: 207 - 27." type="journal article" year="1952">Gutiérrez (1952)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, but neither of them examined the primary
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C38BF6FFC1FF84373DFB9B5C03FB02" box="[1343,1400,1146,1170]" pageId="13" pageNumber="111">types</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC73554FFC1FF843157FB785CBBFA3B" blockId="13.[825,1475,143,1452]" pageId="13" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE948A5FFC1FF843157FB785D3BFB21" author="Cherman MA & Moron MA & Almeida LM" box="[853,1088,1177,1201]" pageId="13" pageNumber="111" pagination="744 - 70" refId="ref27020" refString="Cherman MA, Moron MA, Almeida LM. Phylogenetic relationships within Diplotaxini Kirby (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae: Melolonthinae) with emphasis on Liogenys Guerin-Meneville. Systematic Entomology 2016; 41: 744 - 70." type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Cherman
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CE946FFC1FF8431BFFB7B5A93FB21" box="[957,1000,1177,1201]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="111">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2016)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
tested the phylogenetic relationships among the Diplotaxini, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784ED7FFC1FF843674FB595D87FB40" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1851" box="[1142,1276,1208,1232]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Homalochilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CE946FFC1FF843674FB595D87FB40" box="[1142,1276,1208,1232]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="111">Homalochilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was recovered as monophyletic, supported by the following characters: elytral disc without pubescence (character 63); pygidial disc without bristles (character 129), and antennal club shorter than funicle. Though, in that analysis the characters were coded with the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C38BF6FFC1FF843795FAD75A09FAFE" pageId="13" pageNumber="111" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
, which are females and are in poor conditions of conservation. Hence, the monophyly of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784ED7FFC1FF843690FA955C63FA1C" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1851" box="[1170,1304,1396,1420]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Homalochilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CE946FFC1FF843690FA955C63FA1C" box="[1170,1304,1396,1420]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="111">Homalochilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
obtained in that work is not reliable enough due to the number of missing states.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36266DFFFC1FF843649FA2D5CECF9BA" pageId="13" pageNumber="111" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC73554FFC1FF843649FA2D5DCAFA76" blockId="13.[825,1474,1484,1578]" box="[1099,1201,1484,1510]" pageId="13" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CE946FFC1FF843649FA2D5DCAFA76" box="[1099,1201,1484,1510]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="111">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC73554FFC1FF84313BFA125CECF9BA" blockId="13.[825,1474,1484,1578]" pageId="13" pageNumber="111">
|
||
From Ancient Greek ὁμαλός (
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CE946FFC1FF843685FA125DA3F99B" box="[1159,1240,1523,1547]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="111">homalós</emphasis>
|
||
, ‘even, level’); χείλoς (
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CE946FFC1FF843146F9F35A01F9BA" box="[836,890,1554,1578]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="111">keilos</emphasis>
|
||
, ‘lip’) = labrum (Harold 1869); masculine in gender.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36266DFFFC1FF87364DF9AB5BE3FED4" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="112" pageId="13" pageNumber="111" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC73554FFC1FF84364DF9AB5DD7F9F3" blockId="13.[1103,1196,1610,1635]" box="[1103,1196,1610,1635]" pageId="13" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CE946FFC1FF84364DF9AB5DD7F9F3" box="[1103,1196,1610,1635]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="111">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC73554FFC1FF87313BF9915BE3FED4" blockId="13.[825,1475,1648,1985]" lastBlockId="14.[113,764,144,325]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="112" pageId="13" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784ED7FFC1FF84313BF9915AC6F918" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1851" box="[825,957,1648,1672]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Homalochilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CE946FFC1FF84313BF9915AC6F918" box="[825,957,1648,1672]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="111">Homalochilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinguished from other Neotropical Diplotaxini by the following combination of characters: body short, sides parallel; black in colour, unicolorous or bicoloured (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134329D1FFC1FF843734F94E5CFFF956" box="[1334,1412,1710,1735]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="15.[129,194,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[180,1423,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-8@15.[180,1423,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 5. Homalochilus punctatostriatus. Male habitus (A); female lectotype habitus (B) and labels (C); male in lateral (D) and posterior (E) views; male metatibial apex (F); parameres in dorsal (G) and lateral (H) views. White arrow indicates the longest spur." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241104/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="111">Figs 5A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134329D1FFC1FF843790F94E5CCBF957" box="[1426,1456,1711,1735]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="17.[129,194,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[180,1423,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-60@17.[180,1423,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 6. Homalochilus nigripennis. Male holotype habitus (A); head and pronotum (B); lateral (C); posterior (D) views; metatibial apex (E); parameres in dorsal (F) and lateral (G) views. White arrow indicates the longest spur." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241106" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241106/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="111">6A</figureCitation>
|
||
); frons very wide, eyes barely seen dorsally, most surface ventrally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134329D1FFC1FF843146F90C5AD7F895" box="[836,940,1773,1797]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="12.[115,180,1760,1784]" captionTargetBox="[115,1459,144,1730]" captionTargetId="figure-7@12.[115,1459,144,1732]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 4. Diagnostic features and transformations that support Homalochilus. Head in dorsal view (A), head and anterior portion of prothorax in dorsolateral view (B); head in frontal view (C); maxilla (D); labium (E); elytra, white square indicates erect setae (F); head, pronotum, scutellum and proleg (G), thoracic and abdominal ventrites, white lines indicate size of ventrites (H). White arrows in each figure indicate transformations and/or detailed features." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241102" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241102/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="111">Fig. 4A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
); labrum with medial emargination deep in frontal view, (37:1) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134329D1FFC1FF8431CEF8EC5D62F8B5" box="[972,1049,1805,1829]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="12.[115,180,1760,1784]" captionTargetBox="[115,1459,144,1730]" captionTargetId="figure-7@12.[115,1459,144,1732]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 4. Diagnostic features and transformations that support Homalochilus. Head in dorsal view (A), head and anterior portion of prothorax in dorsolateral view (B); head in frontal view (C); maxilla (D); labium (E); elytra, white square indicates erect setae (F); head, pronotum, scutellum and proleg (G), thoracic and abdominal ventrites, white lines indicate size of ventrites (H). White arrows in each figure indicate transformations and/or detailed features." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241102" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241102/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="111">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
|
||
); maxilla curved (14:1), galea with two teeth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134329D1FFC1FF84317CF8CD5AB1F8D4" box="[894,970,1836,1860]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="12.[115,180,1760,1784]" captionTargetBox="[115,1459,144,1730]" captionTargetId="figure-7@12.[115,1459,144,1732]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 4. Diagnostic features and transformations that support Homalochilus. Head in dorsal view (A), head and anterior portion of prothorax in dorsolateral view (B); head in frontal view (C); maxilla (D); labium (E); elytra, white square indicates erect setae (F); head, pronotum, scutellum and proleg (G), thoracic and abdominal ventrites, white lines indicate size of ventrites (H). White arrows in each figure indicate transformations and/or detailed features." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241102" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241102/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="111">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
|
||
); labium quadrangular, ligula and mentum fused (30:1), angles of ligula laterally projected behind the palp (29:0) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134329D1FFC1FF843146F88A5AF5F813" box="[836,910,1899,1923]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="12.[115,180,1760,1784]" captionTargetBox="[115,1459,144,1730]" captionTargetId="figure-7@12.[115,1459,144,1732]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 4. Diagnostic features and transformations that support Homalochilus. Head in dorsal view (A), head and anterior portion of prothorax in dorsolateral view (B); head in frontal view (C); maxilla (D); labium (E); elytra, white square indicates erect setae (F); head, pronotum, scutellum and proleg (G), thoracic and abdominal ventrites, white lines indicate size of ventrites (H). White arrows in each figure indicate transformations and/or detailed features." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241102" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241102/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="111">Fig. 4E</figureCitation>
|
||
); antennae uniformly black, with nine antennomeres (40:1), club as long as the funicle or shorter (128:1); pronotal anterior corners fused with hypomeron (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134329D1FFC1FF8436EEF8485C4DF851" box="[1260,1334,1961,1985]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="12.[115,180,1760,1784]" captionTargetBox="[115,1459,144,1730]" captionTargetId="figure-7@12.[115,1459,144,1732]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 4. Diagnostic features and transformations that support Homalochilus. Head in dorsal view (A), head and anterior portion of prothorax in dorsolateral view (B); head in frontal view (C); maxilla (D); labium (E); elytra, white square indicates erect setae (F); head, pronotum, scutellum and proleg (G), thoracic and abdominal ventrites, white lines indicate size of ventrites (H). White arrows in each figure indicate transformations and/or detailed features." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241102" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241102/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="111">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
|
||
); mesocoxae slightly separated (81:0) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134329D1FFC2FF873376FF7158C4FF38" box="[372,447,144,168]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="12.[115,180,1760,1784]" captionTargetBox="[115,1459,144,1730]" captionTargetId="figure-7@12.[115,1459,144,1732]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 4. Diagnostic features and transformations that support Homalochilus. Head in dorsal view (A), head and anterior portion of prothorax in dorsolateral view (B); head in frontal view (C); maxilla (D); labium (E); elytra, white square indicates erect setae (F); head, pronotum, scutellum and proleg (G), thoracic and abdominal ventrites, white lines indicate size of ventrites (H). White arrows in each figure indicate transformations and/or detailed features." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241102" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241102/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="112">Fig. 4H</figureCitation>
|
||
); elytra flattened, short, leaving the propygidium exposed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134329D1FFC2FF873387FF4E58B0FF57" box="[389,459,175,199]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="15.[129,194,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[180,1423,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-8@15.[180,1423,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 5. Homalochilus punctatostriatus. Male habitus (A); female lectotype habitus (B) and labels (C); male in lateral (D) and posterior (E) views; male metatibial apex (F); parameres in dorsal (G) and lateral (H) views. White arrow indicates the longest spur." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241104/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="112">Fig. 5E</figureCitation>
|
||
); long, four to five erect setae on each inner margin on apex of elytra (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134329D1FFC2FF873028FF2E5B0FFF77" box="[554,628,207,231]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="12.[115,180,1760,1784]" captionTargetBox="[115,1459,144,1730]" captionTargetId="figure-7@12.[115,1459,144,1732]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 4. Diagnostic features and transformations that support Homalochilus. Head in dorsal view (A), head and anterior portion of prothorax in dorsolateral view (B); head in frontal view (C); maxilla (D); labium (E); elytra, white square indicates erect setae (F); head, pronotum, scutellum and proleg (G), thoracic and abdominal ventrites, white lines indicate size of ventrites (H). White arrows in each figure indicate transformations and/or detailed features." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241102" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241102/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="112">Fig. 4F</figureCitation>
|
||
); ventrite V longer than ventrite IV (105:0) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134329D1FFC2FF8733C5FF0F5B6EFE96" box="[455,533,238,262]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="12.[115,180,1760,1784]" captionTargetBox="[115,1459,144,1730]" captionTargetId="figure-7@12.[115,1459,144,1732]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 4. Diagnostic features and transformations that support Homalochilus. Head in dorsal view (A), head and anterior portion of prothorax in dorsolateral view (B); head in frontal view (C); maxilla (D); labium (E); elytra, white square indicates erect setae (F); head, pronotum, scutellum and proleg (G), thoracic and abdominal ventrites, white lines indicate size of ventrites (H). White arrows in each figure indicate transformations and/or detailed features." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241102" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241102/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="112">Fig. 4H</figureCitation>
|
||
); in males tarsomeres cylindrical (77:1) and ventral pads absent (78:1) in all legs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134329D1FFC2FF8730D7FEEC59EAFED5" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="12.[115,180,1760,1784]" captionTargetBox="[115,1459,144,1730]" captionTargetId="figure-7@12.[115,1459,144,1732]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 4. Diagnostic features and transformations that support Homalochilus. Head in dorsal view (A), head and anterior portion of prothorax in dorsolateral view (B); head in frontal view (C); maxilla (D); labium (E); elytra, white square indicates erect setae (F); head, pronotum, scutellum and proleg (G), thoracic and abdominal ventrites, white lines indicate size of ventrites (H). White arrows in each figure indicate transformations and/or detailed features." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241102" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241102/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="112">Fig. 4G</figureCitation>
|
||
); parameres with split beyond the midline (153:2).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36266DFFFC2FF873375FE855DD0FDB6" pageId="14" pageNumber="112" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC73554FFC2FF873375FE85588EFEEE" blockId="14.[113,763,356,1421]" box="[375,501,356,382]" pageId="14" pageNumber="112">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CE946FFC2FF873375FE85588EFEEE" box="[375,501,356,382]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="112">Redescription</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC73554FFC2FF873273FE6A58B1FA1D" blockId="14.[113,763,356,1421]" pageId="14" pageNumber="112">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CE946FFC2FF873273FE6A59C1FE33" box="[113,186,395,419]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="112">Length:</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="4C8098B1FFC2FF8732BDFE6A5842FE32" box="[191,313,395,419]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.7" metricValueMax="9.8" metricValueMin="7.6" pageId="14" pageNumber="112" unit="mm" value="8.7" valueMax="9.8" valueMin="7.6">7.6–9.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
; width: 4.0–
|
||
<quantity id="4C8098B1FFC2FF8733B0FE6B5B7BFE32" box="[434,512,394,418]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.2" pageId="14" pageNumber="112" unit="mm" value="5.2">5.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Body short, semiopaque, sides parallel, body, head, and pronotum black, elytra red on disc and black on margins (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784ED7FFC2FF873362FE2B5B6CFE71" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1851" box="[352,535,458,481]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Homalochilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatostriatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CE946FFC2FF873362FE2B5B6CFE71" box="[352,535,458,481]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="112">H. punctatostriatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) or entirely black (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784ED7FFC2FF8730E0FE2B59ACFD90" authorityName="Cherman & Basílio & Clarkson & Agostinis & Smith & Vaz-De-Mello & Almeida" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Homalochilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigripennis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CE946FFC2FF8730E0FE2B59ACFD90" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="112">H. nigripennis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CE946FFC2FF8732ECFE085859FD91" box="[238,290,489,513]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="112">Head</emphasis>
|
||
: frons almost as wide as the anterior margin of pronotum; eyes almost entirely placed laterally, ventral portion larger than dorsal portion (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134329D1FFC2FF87337BFDC658A3FDAF" box="[377,472,551,575]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="12.[115,180,1760,1784]" captionTargetBox="[115,1459,144,1730]" captionTargetId="figure-7@12.[115,1459,144,1732]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 4. Diagnostic features and transformations that support Homalochilus. Head in dorsal view (A), head and anterior portion of prothorax in dorsolateral view (B); head in frontal view (C); maxilla (D); labium (E); elytra, white square indicates erect setae (F); head, pronotum, scutellum and proleg (G), thoracic and abdominal ventrites, white lines indicate size of ventrites (H). White arrows in each figure indicate transformations and/or detailed features." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241102" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241102/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="112">Fig. 4A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
); frons and clypeus coplanar; clypeus truncate (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784ED7FFC2FF873324FDA658A0FDCE" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1851" box="[294,475,583,606]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Homalochilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatostriatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CE946FFC2FF873324FDA658A0FDCE" box="[294,475,583,606]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="112">H. punctatostriatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) or rounded, subemarginate (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784ED7FFC2FF87327EFD86587BFDEE" authorityName="Cherman & Basílio & Clarkson & Agostinis & Smith & Vaz-De-Mello & Almeida" authorityYear="2024" box="[124,256,615,638]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Homalochilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigripennis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CE946FFC2FF87327EFD86587BFDEE" box="[124,256,615,638]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="112">H. nigripennis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); galea of maxilla curved with two teeth, the apical the strongest (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134329D1FFC2FF873308FD645823FD0D" box="[266,344,645,669]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="12.[115,180,1760,1784]" captionTargetBox="[115,1459,144,1730]" captionTargetId="figure-7@12.[115,1459,144,1732]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 4. Diagnostic features and transformations that support Homalochilus. Head in dorsal view (A), head and anterior portion of prothorax in dorsolateral view (B); head in frontal view (C); maxilla (D); labium (E); elytra, white square indicates erect setae (F); head, pronotum, scutellum and proleg (G), thoracic and abdominal ventrites, white lines indicate size of ventrites (H). White arrows in each figure indicate transformations and/or detailed features." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241102" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241102/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="112">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
|
||
); distal maxillary palpomere acuminate, fovea deep, almost sulcate, extending reaching the midline of the palpomere or extending past (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134329D1FFC2FF8733A8FD25588DFD4C" box="[426,502,708,732]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="12.[115,180,1760,1784]" captionTargetBox="[115,1459,144,1730]" captionTargetId="figure-7@12.[115,1459,144,1732]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 4. Diagnostic features and transformations that support Homalochilus. Head in dorsal view (A), head and anterior portion of prothorax in dorsolateral view (B); head in frontal view (C); maxilla (D); labium (E); elytra, white square indicates erect setae (F); head, pronotum, scutellum and proleg (G), thoracic and abdominal ventrites, white lines indicate size of ventrites (H). White arrows in each figure indicate transformations and/or detailed features." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241102" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241102/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="112">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
|
||
); labium widened at the transverse midline, slightly wider than it is long; sloped from the transverse carina towards apex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134329D1FFC2FF8733DAFCE25B65FC8B" box="[472,542,771,795]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="12.[115,180,1760,1784]" captionTargetBox="[115,1459,144,1730]" captionTargetId="figure-7@12.[115,1459,144,1732]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 4. Diagnostic features and transformations that support Homalochilus. Head in dorsal view (A), head and anterior portion of prothorax in dorsolateral view (B); head in frontal view (C); maxilla (D); labium (E); elytra, white square indicates erect setae (F); head, pronotum, scutellum and proleg (G), thoracic and abdominal ventrites, white lines indicate size of ventrites (H). White arrows in each figure indicate transformations and/or detailed features." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241102" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241102/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="112">Fig. 4E</figureCitation>
|
||
); apical emargination wide and rounded; two labial palpomeres, the basal longer; antenna with nine antennomeres; black in colour; club as long as or shorter than the funicle.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CE946FFC2FF87338FFC815897FCE8" box="[397,492,864,888]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="112">Prothorax</emphasis>
|
||
: pronotal anterior corners scaly, fused with hypomeron; pronotal disc coarsely punctate, simple punctures sparsely disposed; posterior corners subangulate to sharp, obtuse angulate.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CE946FFC2FF873375FC5F589CFC46" box="[375,487,958,982]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="112">Pterothorax</emphasis>
|
||
: scutellum triangular, long; metacoxae equal in length or slightly shorter than the distance between mesocoxae and metacoxae.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CE946FFC2FF8733D1FC1C5B77FB85" box="[467,524,1021,1045]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="112">Elytra</emphasis>
|
||
: flattened, glabrous, or with scattered bristles, length from 1.5 times up to two times that of the pronotum; four elytral ridges, the one or two outermost less noticeable; subapical callus strong, at the same level of the posterior inner corner of the sutural ridge; four to five erect setae on each inner margin on apex of elytra.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CE946FFC2FF8733A0FB7A58B7FB22" box="[418,460,1179,1202]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="112">Legs</emphasis>
|
||
: three protibial teeth, the basal shorter than the other two, the apical obtuse in relation to longitudinal axis (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134329D1FFC2FF8732DDFB39585CFB61" box="[223,295,1240,1265]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="12.[115,180,1760,1784]" captionTargetBox="[115,1459,144,1730]" captionTargetId="figure-7@12.[115,1459,144,1732]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 4. Diagnostic features and transformations that support Homalochilus. Head in dorsal view (A), head and anterior portion of prothorax in dorsolateral view (B); head in frontal view (C); maxilla (D); labium (E); elytra, white square indicates erect setae (F); head, pronotum, scutellum and proleg (G), thoracic and abdominal ventrites, white lines indicate size of ventrites (H). White arrows in each figure indicate transformations and/or detailed features." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241102" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241102/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="112">Fig. 4G</figureCitation>
|
||
); mesotibia cylindrical, two transverse carinae, the apical complete in both sexes; all tarsi simple, protarsomere I slightly shorter than protarsomere II in both sexes.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CE946FFC2FF87309AFAF65B88FABF" box="[664,755,1303,1327]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="112">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
: propygidium exposed, scaly in basal region, mostly glabrous; pygidium flat, as wide as it is long; subquadrate or subtrapezoidal; pygidial disc glabrous, scaly basally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC73554FFC2FF873630FF715DD0FF3A" blockId="14.[810,1459,144,394]" box="[1074,1195,144,170]" pageId="14" pageNumber="112">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CE946FFC2FF873630FF715DD0FF3A" box="[1074,1195,144,170]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="112">Dimorphism</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC73554FFC2FF873128FF575D8BFE1A" blockId="14.[810,1459,144,394]" pageId="14" pageNumber="112">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CE946FFC2FF873128FF575A18FF5E" box="[810,867,182,206]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="112">Male:</emphasis>
|
||
metatibial spurs strongly uneven, the longest almost twice as long as the diameter of the tibial apex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134329D1FFC2FF8736D0FF375C60FF7D" box="[1234,1307,213,238]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="15.[129,194,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[180,1423,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-8@15.[180,1423,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 5. Homalochilus punctatostriatus. Male habitus (A); female lectotype habitus (B) and labels (C); male in lateral (D) and posterior (E) views; male metatibial apex (F); parameres in dorsal (G) and lateral (H) views. White arrow indicates the longest spur." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241104/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="112">Figs 5F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134329D1FFC2FF873724FF375C3AFF7E" box="[1318,1345,214,238]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="17.[129,194,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[180,1423,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-60@17.[180,1423,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 6. Homalochilus nigripennis. Male holotype habitus (A); head and pronotum (B); lateral (C); posterior (D) views; metatibial apex (E); parameres in dorsal (F) and lateral (G) views. White arrow indicates the longest spur." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241106" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241106/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="112">6E</figureCitation>
|
||
); protarsal claws simple (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134329D1FFC2FF8731C3FF145D74FE9D" box="[961,1039,245,269]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="12.[115,180,1760,1784]" captionTargetBox="[115,1459,144,1730]" captionTargetId="figure-7@12.[115,1459,144,1732]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 4. Diagnostic features and transformations that support Homalochilus. Head in dorsal view (A), head and anterior portion of prothorax in dorsolateral view (B); head in frontal view (C); maxilla (D); labium (E); elytra, white square indicates erect setae (F); head, pronotum, scutellum and proleg (G), thoracic and abdominal ventrites, white lines indicate size of ventrites (H). White arrows in each figure indicate transformations and/or detailed features." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241102" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241102/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="112">Fig. 4G</figureCitation>
|
||
), mesotarsal and metatarsal claws bifid, parameres with basal region strongly sulcate, basally widened and slightly inflated, parameres abruptly narrowed and dorsoventrally bent after the midline, width uniform towards the apex, apex curved downwards (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134329D1FFC2FF873632FE935DE6FE1A" box="[1072,1181,370,394]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="15.[129,194,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[180,1423,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-8@15.[180,1423,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 5. Homalochilus punctatostriatus. Male habitus (A); female lectotype habitus (B) and labels (C); male in lateral (D) and posterior (E) views; male metatibial apex (F); parameres in dorsal (G) and lateral (H) views. White arrow indicates the longest spur." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241104/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="112">Figs 5G, H</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134329D1FFC2FF8736AAFE935D9BFE1A" box="[1192,1248,370,394]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="17.[129,194,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[180,1423,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-60@17.[180,1423,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 6. Homalochilus nigripennis. Male holotype habitus (A); head and pronotum (B); lateral (C); posterior (D) views; metatibial apex (E); parameres in dorsal (F) and lateral (G) views. White arrow indicates the longest spur." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241106" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241106/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="112">6F, G</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC73554FFC2FF873128FE4D5C28FE73" blockId="14.[810,1459,428,483]" pageId="14" pageNumber="112">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CE946FFC2FF873128FE4D5A0CFE54" box="[810,887,428,452]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="112">Female:</emphasis>
|
||
metatibial spurs uneven, the length of longer spur almost 1.5 the diameter of the tibial apex; all claws bifid.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC73554FFC2FF873630FDED5DD0FDB6" blockId="14.[810,1407,524,586]" box="[1074,1195,524,550]" pageId="14" pageNumber="112">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CE946FFC2FF873630FDED5DD0FDB6" box="[1074,1195,524,550]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="112">Composition</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36266DFFFC2FF873128FDD35C04FDD9" box="[810,1407,562,586]" pageId="14" pageNumber="112" type="taxon_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC73554FFC2FF873128FDD35C04FDD9" blockId="14.[810,1407,524,586]" box="[810,1407,562,586]" pageId="14" pageNumber="112">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784ED7FFC2FF873128FDD35D29FDD9" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1851" box="[810,1106,562,586]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Homalochilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatostriatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CE946FFC2FF873128FDD35D29FDD9" box="[810,1106,562,586]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="112">Homalochilus punctatostriatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784ED7FFC2FF873681FDD35C02FDD9" authorityName="Cherman & Basílio & Clarkson & Agostinis & Smith & Vaz-De-Mello & Almeida" authorityYear="2024" box="[1155,1401,562,586]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Homalochilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigripennis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CE946FFC2FF873681FDD35C02FDD9" box="[1155,1401,562,586]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="112">Homalochilus nigripennis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36266DFFFC2FF8731F5FD9E5D43FA1E" pageId="14" pageNumber="112" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC73554FFC2FF8731F5FD9E5D9DFD09" blockId="14.[810,1459,639,764]" box="[1015,1254,639,665]" pageId="14" pageNumber="112">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CE946FFC2FF8731F5FD9E5D9DFD09" box="[1015,1254,639,665]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="112">Geographical distribution</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC73554FFC2FF873128FD475C0AFD6C" blockId="14.[810,1459,639,764]" pageId="14" pageNumber="112">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36F75C4FFC2FF873128FD475ABAFD2E" box="[810,961,678,702]" name="Argentina" pageId="14" pageNumber="112">ARGENTINA</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CE946FFC2FF8731D0FD445D7CFD2D" bold="true" box="[978,1031,677,701]" pageId="14" pageNumber="112">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49BCFBB6FFC2FF8731D0FD445D7CFD2D" box="[978,1031,677,701]" country="Argentina" name="Salta" pageId="14" pageNumber="112">Salta</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49BCFBB6FFC2FF873611FD475D32FD2E" box="[1043,1097,678,702]" country="Argentina" name="Jujuy" pageId="14" pageNumber="112">Jujuy</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49BCFBB6FFC2FF873653FD475DCFFD2E" box="[1105,1204,678,702]" country="Argentina" name="Tucuman" pageId="14" pageNumber="112">Tucumán</collectingRegion>
|
||
? [according to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE948A5FFC2FF873753FD475A0FFD4D" author="Gutierrez R" pageId="14" pageNumber="112" pagination="207 - 27" refId="ref27805" refString="Gutierrez R. Notas sobre Scarabaeidae Neotropicos. Revista Chilena de Entomologia 1952; 2: 207 - 27." type="journal article" year="1952">Gutiérrez (1952)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
],
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49BCFBB6FFC2FF873188FD245A81FD4D" box="[906,1018,709,733]" country="Argentina" name="Catamarca" pageId="14" pageNumber="112">Catamarca</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49BCFBB6FFC2FF873601FD245DBDFD4C" box="[1027,1222,709,733]" country="Argentina" name="Santiago del Estero" pageId="14" pageNumber="112">Santiago del Estero</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CE946FFC2FF8736D2FD245C57FD4D" bold="true" box="[1232,1324,709,733]" pageId="14" pageNumber="112">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49BCFBB6FFC2FF8736D2FD245C57FD4D" box="[1232,1324,709,733]" country="Argentina" name="La Rioja" pageId="14" pageNumber="112">La Rioja</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49BCFBB6FFC2FF873734FD245A17FD6C" country="Argentina" name="Santiago del Estero" pageId="14" pageNumber="112">Santiago del Estero</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Córdoba,
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CE946FFC2FF8731D9FD055D43FD6C" bold="true" box="[987,1080,740,764]" pageId="14" pageNumber="112">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49BCFBB6FFC2FF8731D9FD055D43FD6C" box="[987,1080,740,764]" country="Argentina" name="San Luis" pageId="14" pageNumber="112">San Luis</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49BCFBB6FFC2FF873641FD055DDEFD6C" box="[1091,1189,740,764]" country="Argentina" name="Mendoza" pageId="14" pageNumber="112">Mendoza</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49BCFBB6FFC2FF8736D8FD045C1EFD6C" box="[1242,1381,740,764]" country="Argentina" name="Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires" pageId="14" pageNumber="112">Buenos Aires</collectingRegion>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC73554FFC2FF873176FCFD5D43FA1E" blockId="14.[810,1459,796,1422]" pageId="14" pageNumber="112">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CE946FFC2FF873176FCFD5AC8FCCA" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="112">
|
||
Remarks on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784ED7FFC2FF8731EBFCFD5D02FCA6" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1851" box="[1001,1145,796,822]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Homalochilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Homalochilus</taxonomicName>
|
||
phylogenetic relationships
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784ED7FFC2FF873128FCA35AC8FCCA" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1851" box="[810,947,834,858]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Homalochilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Homalochilus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is the sister-clade of almost all Neotropical Diplotaxini, except for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784ED7FFC2FF873622FC835D15FCE9" authorityName="Curtis" authorityYear="1844" box="[1056,1134,866,889]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Pacuvia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CE946FFC2FF873622FC835D15FCE9" box="[1056,1134,866,889]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="112">Pacuvia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It differs from (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784ED7FFC2FF873720FC835CE6FCEA" box="[1314,1437,866,890]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Pachrodema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CE946FFC2FF873720FC835CE6FCEA" box="[1314,1437,866,890]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="112">Pachrodema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+ (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784ED7FFC2FF873137FC605AD3FC09" box="[821,936,897,921]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Careocallus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CE946FFC2FF873137FC605AD3FC09" box="[821,936,897,921]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="112">Careocallus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) +
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784ED7FFC2FF8731D0FC635D53FC09" box="[978,1064,898,921]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Liogenys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CE946FFC2FF8731D0FC635D53FC09" box="[978,1064,898,921]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="112">Liogenys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
)) in the frontoclypeal division complete (5:0), labium fused with ligula (30:1), apex never wider than the base (22:1); mentum without well-defined concavity on disc (32:1); and apex of metatibia not projected in males (142:1). At least nine of the diagnostic features of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784ED7FFC2FF873728FC1F5CC8FB86" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1851" box="[1322,1459,1022,1046]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Homalochilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CE946FFC2FF873728FC1F5CC8FB86" box="[1322,1459,1022,1046]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="112">Homalochilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
support the branch of the genus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134329D1FFC2FF87367CFBFF5DAEFBA6" box="[1150,1237,1054,1078]" captionStart-0="Figure 1" captionStart-1="Figure 2" captionStart-2="Figure 3" captionStartId-0="4.[113,178,1836,1860]" captionStartId-1="5.[129,194,1455,1479]" captionStartId-2="11.[129,194,1208,1232]" captionTargetBox-0="[190,1383,146,1806]" captionTargetBox-1="[131,1470,147,1426]" captionTargetBox-2="[132,1470,147,1177]" captionTargetId-0="figure-7@4.[189,1383,144,1808]" captionTargetId-1="figure-304@5.[129,1473,144,1427]" captionTargetId-2="figure-315@11.[129,1473,144,1180]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-2="11" captionText-0="Figure 1. Equal weights analysis—strict consensus tree of 92 most-parsimonious trees obtained. The numbers displayed in each node correspond to the value of absolute Bremer and symmetric resampling supports (above and below, respectively)." captionText-1="Figure 2. Implied weighting analysis, one tree obtained with concavity constant value k = 8.750. The numbers displayed in each node correspond to the value of relative Bremer and symmetric resampling supports (above and below, respectively)." captionText-2="Figure 3. Phylogram of the 50% majority-rule consensus of trees for the 29-taxon dataset of Diplotaxini from Bayesian inference (BI) analysis based on the combined gene dataset (ITS2, COI). Values displayed above branches (orange) correspond to BI posterior probabilities (PP). Values displayed below branches (green) correspond to maximum likelihood (ML) ultrafast bootstrap (UB) proportions (>50%) in clades also present in the best ML tree." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241096" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241098" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241100" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/11241096/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/11241098/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/11241100/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="112">Figs 1–3</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6FA00EFFFC2FF8736E3FBFF5C57FBA6" box="[1249,1324,1054,1078]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="6.[113,168,143,167]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Table 1. List of common synapomorphies for the main clades of Neotropical Diplotaxini analysis, comparing equal and implied weights to the characters." pageId="14" pageNumber="112">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
). Characters that it has in common with other Neotropical Diplotaxini are: clypeus subemarginate (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784ED7FFC2FF873686FBBD5D84FBE4" box="[1156,1279,1116,1140]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Pachrodema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CE946FFC2FF873686FBBD5D84FBE4" box="[1156,1279,1116,1140]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="112">Pachrodema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); frontoclypeal suture present, barely distinguishable (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784ED7FFC2FF8736E5FB9D5C19FB04" box="[1255,1378,1148,1172]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Pachrodema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CE946FFC2FF8736E5FB9D5C19FB04" box="[1255,1378,1148,1172]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="112">Pachrodema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); nine antennomeres (a few
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784ED7FFC2FF87360CFB7D5D1FFB23" box="[1038,1124,1180,1203]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Liogenys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CE946FFC2FF87360CFB7D5D1FFB23" box="[1038,1124,1180,1203]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="112">Liogenys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); base of sutural ridge of elytra along the entire scutellar margin (65:0) and first gap of elytral ridges less than two times the width of one ridge (66:1) (both latter characters shared only with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784ED7FFC2FF873692FB185C78FA81" box="[1168,1283,1273,1297]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Careocallus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CE946FFC2FF873692FB185C78FA81" box="[1168,1283,1273,1297]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="112">Careocallus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); mesotibia and metatibia with transverse carina complete in both sexes (some
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784ED7FFC2FF873128FAD95AFBFADF" box="[810,896,1336,1359]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Liogenys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CE946FFC2FF873128FAD95AFBFADF" box="[810,896,1336,1359]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="112">Liogenys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and some
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784ED7FFC2FF8731EFFAD65D13FADF" box="[1005,1128,1335,1359]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Pachrodema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CE946FFC2FF8731EFFAD65D13FADF" box="[1005,1128,1335,1359]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="112">Pachrodema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); Character 84:1 (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6FA00EFFFC2FF873729FAD65C0DFAC0" box="[1323,1398,1335,1360]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="6.[113,168,143,167]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Table 1. List of common synapomorphies for the main clades of Neotropical Diplotaxini analysis, comparing equal and implied weights to the characters." pageId="14" pageNumber="112">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
), was exclusive to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784ED7FFC2FF8731ADFAB95D7EFAFF" box="[943,1029,1368,1391]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Liogenys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CE946FFC2FF8731ADFAB95D7EFAFF" box="[943,1029,1368,1391]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="112">Liogenys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
until the present analysis, and it is now shared with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784ED7FFC2FF8731ABFA975D49FA1E" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1851" box="[937,1074,1398,1422]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Homalochilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CE946FFC2FF8731ABFA975D49FA1E" box="[937,1074,1398,1422]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="112">Homalochilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36266DFFFC2FF8732DAFA115CE3F956" pageId="14" pageNumber="112" type="key">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC73554FFC2FF8732DAFA115C37F99B" blockId="14.[140,1433,1520,1735]" box="[216,1356,1520,1550]" pageId="14" pageNumber="112">
|
||
IDENTIFICATION KEY TO
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784ED7FFC2FF873020FA115A18F99A" box="[546,867,1520,1546]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Homalochilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CE946FFC2FF873020FA115B8CF99A" box="[546,759,1520,1546]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="112">HOMALOCHILUS</emphasis>
|
||
SPECIES
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[MODIFIED FROM
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE948A5FFC2FF873657FA135C3AF99B" author="Gutierrez R" box="[1109,1345,1520,1550]" pageId="14" pageNumber="112" pagination="207 - 27" refId="ref27805" refString="Gutierrez R. Notas sobre Scarabaeidae Neotropicos. Revista Chilena de Entomologia 1952; 2: 207 - 27." type="journal article" year="1952">GUTIÉRREZ (1952)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
]
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<keyStep id="308C2DF1FFC2FF87328EF9D05CE3F956" pageId="14" pageNumber="112">
|
||
<key id="FFE96265FFC2FF87328EF9D05CE3F956" pageId="14" pageNumber="112">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC73554FFC2FF87328EF9D05CE3F917" blockId="14.[140,1433,1520,1735]" pageId="14" pageNumber="112">
|
||
<keyLead id="30899661FFC2FF87328EF9D05CE3F917" pageId="14" pageNumber="112">
|
||
1. Anterior margin of clypeus widely truncate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134329D1FFC2FF87308CF9D05BADF9D9" box="[654,726,1585,1609]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="15.[129,194,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[180,1423,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-8@15.[180,1423,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 5. Homalochilus punctatostriatus. Male habitus (A); female lectotype habitus (B) and labels (C); male in lateral (D) and posterior (E) views; male metatibial apex (F); parameres in dorsal (G) and lateral (H) views. White arrow indicates the longest spur." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241104/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="112">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
|
||
); elytra red on disc and black on outer margins, less than twice the length of pronotum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134329D1FFC2FF873396F9B158A6F9F8" box="[404,477,1616,1640]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="15.[129,194,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[180,1423,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-8@15.[180,1423,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 5. Homalochilus punctatostriatus. Male habitus (A); female lectotype habitus (B) and labels (C); male in lateral (D) and posterior (E) views; male metatibial apex (F); parameres in dorsal (G) and lateral (H) views. White arrow indicates the longest spur." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241104/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="112">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
|
||
); anterior margin of ventrites covered with scales (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134329D1FFC2FF8731E6F9B15D54F9F8" box="[996,1071,1616,1640]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="15.[129,194,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[180,1423,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-8@15.[180,1423,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 5. Homalochilus punctatostriatus. Male habitus (A); female lectotype habitus (B) and labels (C); male in lateral (D) and posterior (E) views; male metatibial apex (F); parameres in dorsal (G) and lateral (H) views. White arrow indicates the longest spur." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241104/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="112">Fig. 5D</figureCitation>
|
||
) .............................................................. ........................................................................................................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784ED7FFC2FF873672F9915CE3F917" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1851" box="[1136,1432,1648,1672]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Homalochilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatostriatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CE946FFC2FF873672F9915CE3F917" box="[1136,1432,1648,1672]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="112">Homalochilus punctatostriatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC73554FFC2FF87328EF9715CE3F956" blockId="14.[140,1433,1520,1735]" pageId="14" pageNumber="112">
|
||
<keyLead id="30899661FFC2FF87328EF9715CE3F956" pageId="14" pageNumber="112">
|
||
-. Anterior margin of clypeus medially subemarginate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134329D1FFC2FF8730DFF96E5A5EF937" box="[733,805,1679,1703]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="17.[129,194,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[180,1423,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-60@17.[180,1423,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 6. Homalochilus nigripennis. Male holotype habitus (A); head and pronotum (B); lateral (C); posterior (D) views; metatibial apex (E); parameres in dorsal (F) and lateral (G) views. White arrow indicates the longest spur." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241106" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241106/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="112">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
|
||
); elytra entirely black, slightly more than twice the length of pronotum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134329D1FFC2FF873336F94F5806F956" box="[308,381,1710,1734]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="17.[129,194,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[180,1423,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-60@17.[180,1423,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 6. Homalochilus nigripennis. Male holotype habitus (A); head and pronotum (B); lateral (C); posterior (D) views; metatibial apex (E); parameres in dorsal (F) and lateral (G) views. White arrow indicates the longest spur." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241106" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241106/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="112">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
|
||
); anterior margin of ventrites glabrous or with bristles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134329D1FFC2FF8731B7F94F5A84F956" box="[949,1023,1710,1734]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="17.[129,194,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[180,1423,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-60@17.[180,1423,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 6. Homalochilus nigripennis. Male holotype habitus (A); head and pronotum (B); lateral (C); posterior (D) views; metatibial apex (E); parameres in dorsal (F) and lateral (G) views. White arrow indicates the longest spur." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11241106" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11241106/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="112">Fig. 6C</figureCitation>
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) ..........................
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<taxonomicName id="4C784ED7FFC2FF8736A0F94F5CE3F956" authorityName="Cherman & Basílio & Clarkson & Agostinis & Smith & Vaz-De-Mello & Almeida" authorityYear="2024" box="[1186,1432,1710,1734]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Homalochilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigripennis">
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<emphasis id="B90CE946FFC2FF8736A0F94F5CE3F956" box="[1186,1432,1710,1734]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="112">Homalochilus nigripennis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
|
||
</key>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
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</subSubSection>
|
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</treatment>
|
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</document> |