462 lines
48 KiB
XML
462 lines
48 KiB
XML
<document id="FD61949E3EED0D9EE109D6185F009E00" ID-DOI="10.1649/072.066.0213" ID-ISSN="1938-4394" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10108027" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1630188071823" checkinUser="diego" docAuthor="Gültekin, Levent & Korotyaev, Boris A." docDate="2012" docId="03C187B4C523085FFF344F7F3B54FC1D" docLanguage="en" docName="072.066.0213.pdf.imf" docOrigin="The Coleopterists Bulletin 66 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/072.066.0213" docStyle="DocumentStyle:0305A7CAC51C960DDA50A7292A4D3620.8:TheColeopBull.2010-2016.journal_article.0cover" docStyleId="0305A7CAC51C960DDA50A7292A4D3620" docStyleName="TheColeopBull.2010-2016.journal_article.0cover" docStyleVersion="8" docTitle="Mononychus schoenherrii Kolenati 1859" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="159" masterDocId="FFF8FFCCC522085BFF8E49183A08FFE9" masterDocTitle="Ecological Description of Two Seed-Feeding Weevils of the GenusMononychusGermar (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) onIris ibericaHoffmann andIris spuriaL. in Northeastern Turkey" masterLastPageNumber="161" masterPageNumber="155" pageNumber="156" updateTime="1699643717652" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="64B399274F905BF2EA2DB4EA1FD7BA73">Ecological Description of Two Seed-Feeding Weevils of the GenusMononychusGermar (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) onIris ibericaHoffmann andIris spuriaL. in Northeastern Turkey</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5AF35E75CC9E98D6702C180A44805565">Gültekin, Levent</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A50922A12B942107AD18C20C4697703C">Korotyaev, Boris A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="F301B2F89CEF2976A0721B1BAEF4DAB7">The Coleopterists Bulletin</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="B52F88F4EFB81961BABA8D676D70CE30">2012</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier id="622F38C13599A33742F9011C91119972" type="DOI">10.1649/072.066.0213</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="8EE5D5DD21D37B645CA7975CE0845F27" type="ISSN">1938-4394</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03C187B4C523085FFF344F7F3B54FC1D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C187B4C523085FFF344F7F3B54FC1D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C187B4C523085FFF344F7F3B54FC1D" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="159" pageId="1" pageNumber="156">
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<subSubSection id="C3726529C523085AFF344F7F3854F995" box="[186,604,1639,1661]" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD736A2C523085AFF344F7F3854F995" blockId="1.[186,604,1639,1661]" box="[186,604,1639,1661]" pageId="1" pageNumber="156">
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<heading id="D09F81CEC523085AFF344F7F3854F995" box="[186,604,1639,1661]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C684D21C523085AFF344F7F3854F995" authority="Kolenati, 1859" authorityName="Kolenati" authorityYear="1859" box="[186,604,1639,1661]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Mononychus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schoenherrii">
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<emphasis id="B91CEAB0C523085AFF344F7F3854F995" bold="true" box="[186,604,1639,1661]" pageId="1" pageNumber="156">
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<emphasis id="B91CEAB0C523085AFF344F7F3BB5F994" bold="true" box="[186,445,1639,1661]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="156">Mononychus schoenherrii</emphasis>
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Kolenati, 1859
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3726529C523085AFF214F8A3E9DF965" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="8BD736A2C523085AFF214F8A3937FCF6" blockId="1.[151,638,1682,1729]" lastBlockId="1.[685,1173,194,1729]" pageId="1" pageNumber="156">
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<emphasis id="B91CEAB0C523085AFF214F8A3B09F94E" bold="true" box="[175,257,1682,1703]" pageId="1" pageNumber="156">Biology.</emphasis>
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Adults of this species started their activity in early spring, and were observed on 3 May. The adults fed on flowers of
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<taxonomicName id="4C684D21C523085AFBA149DA3E85FF3E" box="[1071,1165,194,215]" class="Liliopsida" family="Iridaceae" genus="Iris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="iberica">
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<emphasis id="B91CEAB0C523085AFBA149DA3E85FF3E" box="[1071,1165,194,215]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="156">I. iberica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, creating round holes in petal leaves. Adults were usually hidden inside the flower among petals, and were rarely seen on the flower surface on sunny days while feeding. In early morning and during cloudy weather, adults rested individually or in small groups inside the flower. Copulation was not observed. Adults were most abundant in the first week of June, and their numbers sharply declined after the second week of June as the flowering season ends. Females laid pearl-white eggs in very young seed capsules, drilling holes with their rostrum. Many eggs also were laid in the fruit. There can be five or
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<specimenCount id="9D6EFD2BC523085AFCBA4B033988FDD9" box="[820,896,539,560]" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" type="egg">six eggs</specimenCount>
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in one oviposition place, and 15–
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<specimenCount id="9D6EFD2BC523085AFD5F4B2E3911FDA2" box="[721,793,566,587]" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" type="egg">20 eggs</specimenCount>
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in one seed capsule. Several oviposition and feeding holes were present on a fruit (
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<figureCitation id="13532A27C523085AFBC24B493E8FFD8F" box="[1100,1159,593,614]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="2.[197,237,1613,1632]" captionTargetBox="[173,1190,195,1582]" captionTargetId="figure-0@2.[173,1193,193,1589]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs. 1–5. 1) Iris iberica; 2) An example of I. iberica habitat under agricultural pressure; 3) Infested seed capsule of I. iberica with oviposition and feeding holes; 4) Larvae of Mononychus schoenherrii feeding in a seed capsule; 5) Young adult of M. schoenherrii newly emergent from a seed capsule." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10108029" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10108029/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="156">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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). The oviposition holes were not easily distinguishable from feeding holes in external appearance. They both were surrounded by paler areas about
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<quantity id="4C909B47C523085AFD234BA338F6FD39" box="[685,766,698,720]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" unit="mm" value="4.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="3.0">3–5 mm</quantity>
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in diameter, indicating chlorophyll degradation, and their color gradually turned brown. Egg laying began at the end of May and lasted until mid-June.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD736A2C523085AFD4B4A3D39E9FAA4" blockId="1.[685,1173,194,1729]" pageId="1" pageNumber="156">
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The legless, white larvae with brown head capsules developed inside the seed capsule (
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<figureCitation id="13532A27C523085AFBC74A583E80FCBC" box="[1097,1160,832,853]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="2.[197,237,1613,1632]" captionTargetBox="[173,1190,195,1582]" captionTargetId="figure-0@2.[173,1193,193,1589]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs. 1–5. 1) Iris iberica; 2) An example of I. iberica habitat under agricultural pressure; 3) Infested seed capsule of I. iberica with oviposition and feeding holes; 4) Larvae of Mononychus schoenherrii feeding in a seed capsule; 5) Young adult of M. schoenherrii newly emergent from a seed capsule." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10108029" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10108029/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="156">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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). During their development, the larvae consumed all seeds inside the capsule, moving freely while filling the capsule with dry brown food remnants. Five or
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<specimenCount id="9D6EFD2BC523085AFD704AB23955FC56" box="[766,861,938,959]" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" type="larva">six larvae</specimenCount>
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usually developed in one seed capsule. Mature larvae entered the pupal stage inside the seed capsules starting in the middle of July. The pupae were white at this time, and the seed capsules were nearly ripe and, starting to dry from the tip, turned brown at the end of July. Starting in the last week of July, the new generation of adults (
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<figureCitation id="13532A27C523085AFCB34D7C397FFB90" box="[829,887,1124,1145]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="2.[197,237,1613,1632]" captionTargetBox="[173,1190,195,1582]" captionTargetId="figure-0@2.[173,1193,193,1589]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs. 1–5. 1) Iris iberica; 2) An example of I. iberica habitat under agricultural pressure; 3) Infested seed capsule of I. iberica with oviposition and feeding holes; 4) Larvae of Mononychus schoenherrii feeding in a seed capsule; 5) Young adult of M. schoenherrii newly emergent from a seed capsule." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10108029" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10108029/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="156">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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) emerged from the seed capsule, opening a hole after resting some days inside. Immediately after emergence from the seed capsules, the new generation of adults flew away. No hibernating individuals could be found in the original habitat near the host plants. This finding implies that adults migrate somewhere else in the middle of summer for aestivation and hibernation. Only one generation per year is produced.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD736A2C523085AFD4B4C4B3E9DF965" blockId="1.[685,1173,194,1729]" pageId="1" pageNumber="156">
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<emphasis id="B91CEAB0C523085AFD4B4C4B3972FA81" bold="true" box="[709,890,1363,1384]" pageId="1" pageNumber="156">Taxonomic Notes.</emphasis>
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The species has been considered by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF94B53C523085AFCAD4C7639C2FA6A" author="Wagner" box="[803,970,1390,1411]" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" pagination="297 - 312" refId="ref4183" refString="Wagner, H. 1938 b. Monographie der palaarktischen Ceuthorrhynchinae (Curcul.). Entomologische Blatter 34 (5): 297 - 312." type="journal article" year="1938">Wagner (1938b)</bibRefCitation>
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as a color form of
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<taxonomicName id="4C684D21C523085AFD234C9039FDFA74" authority="(Pallas, 1773)" baseAuthorityName="Pallas" baseAuthorityYear="1773" box="[685,1013,1416,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Mononychus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ireos">
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<emphasis id="B91CEAB0C523085AFD234C903968FA74" box="[685,864,1416,1437]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="156">Mononychus ireos</emphasis>
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(Pallas, 1773)
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF94B53C523085AFB8C4C90396BFA51" author="Korotyaev & Cholokava & Obzor zhukov-dolgonosikov & Ceutorhynchinae & Coleoptera & Curculionidae & Gruzii. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie & Review of Ceutorhynchinae weevils of Gruzia & Coleoptera & Curculionida & Ceutorhynchinae & Entomological Review" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" pagination="117 - 140" refId="ref3792" refString="Korotyaev, B. A., and A. O. Cholokava. 1989. Obzor zhukov-dolgonosikov podsem. Ceutorhynchinae (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) fauny Gruzii. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 68 (1): 154 - 177. [Review of Ceutorhynchinae weevils of Gruzia (Coleoptera: Curculionida [e] Ceutorhynchinae). Entomological Review 68 (4): 117 - 140.]." type="journal article" year="1989">Korotyaev and Cholokava (1989)</bibRefCitation>
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confirmed that this form is a good species based on differences in the shape of the aedeagus and the pygidium of both sexes. The bionomics of the species in northeastern
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<collectingCountry id="F37F7632C523085AFBC04CEA3E9BF9EE" box="[1102,1171,1522,1543]" name="Turkey" pageId="1" pageNumber="156">Turkey</collectingCountry>
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would appear to confirm their conclusion. We found
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<taxonomicName id="4C684D21C523085AFD234F3F3949F9D5" authorityName="Kolenati" authorityYear="1859" box="[685,833,1575,1596]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Mononychus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schoenherrii">
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<emphasis id="B91CEAB0C523085AFD234F3F38C8F9D5" box="[685,704,1575,1596]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="156">M</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B91CEAB0C523085AFD404F3F3949F9D5" box="[718,833,1575,1596]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="156">schoenherrii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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associated with
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<taxonomicName id="4C684D21C523085AFC524F3F3E38F9D5" box="[988,1072,1575,1596]" class="Liliopsida" family="Iridaceae" genus="Iris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="iberica">
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<emphasis id="B91CEAB0C523085AFC524F3F3E38F9D5" box="[988,1072,1575,1596]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="156">I. iberica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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on mountain slopes with steppe vegetation, whereas
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<taxonomicName id="4C684D21C523085AFBC94F5A3E9CF9BE" baseAuthorityName="Pallas" baseAuthorityYear="1773" box="[1095,1172,1602,1623]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Mononychus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ireos">
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<emphasis id="B91CEAB0C523085AFBC94F5A3E9CF9BE" box="[1095,1172,1602,1623]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="156">M. ireos</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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lives in the saline semi-deserts in
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<collectingCountry id="F37F7632C523085AFC744F453E61F99B" box="[1018,1129,1629,1650]" name="Kazakhstan" pageId="1" pageNumber="156">Kazakhstan</collectingCountry>
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and central Asia on
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<taxonomicName id="4C684D21C523085AFCB54F6F3E99F965" authority="Pallas" authorityName="Pallas" box="[827,1169,1655,1676]" class="Liliopsida" family="Iridaceae" genus="Iris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="halophila">
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<emphasis id="B91CEAB0C523085AFCB54F6F39B1F965" box="[827,953,1655,1676]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="156">Iris halophila</emphasis>
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Pallas (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF94B53C523085AFC704F6F3E82F965" author="Wagner" box="[1022,1162,1655,1676]" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" pagination="297 - 312" refId="ref4183" refString="Wagner, H. 1938 b. Monographie der palaarktischen Ceuthorrhynchinae (Curcul.). Entomologische Blatter 34 (5): 297 - 312." type="journal article" year="1938">Wagner 1938b</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3726529C523085FFD4B4F8A3B47FE45" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="159" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8BD736A2C523085FFD4B4F8A3B47FE45" blockId="1.[685,1173,194,1729]" lastBlockId="4.[173,660,194,1012]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="159" pageId="1" pageNumber="156">
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<emphasis id="B91CEAB0C523085AFD4B4F8A3940F94E" bold="true" box="[709,840,1682,1703]" pageId="1" pageNumber="156">Distribution.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C684D21C523085AFCDB4F893E5EF94F" authorityName="Kolenati" authorityYear="1859" box="[853,1110,1681,1702]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Mononychus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schoenherrii">
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<emphasis id="B91CEAB0C523085AFCDB4F893E5EF94F" box="[853,1110,1681,1702]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="156">Mononychus schoenherrii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has a Transcaucasian distribution in
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<collectingCountry id="F37F7632C523085AFC534FB43E24F928" box="[989,1068,1708,1729]" name="Georgia" pageId="1" pageNumber="156">Georgia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F37F7632C523085AFBB44FB43E98F928" box="[1082,1168,1708,1729]" name="Armenia" pageId="1" pageNumber="156">Armenia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F37F7632C526085FFF2349DA3B1CFF3E" box="[173,276,194,215]" name="Azerbaijan" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">Azerbaijan</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF94B53C526085FFEAD49DA3856FF3E" author="Korotyaev & Cholokava & Obzor zhukov-dolgonosikov & Ceutorhynchinae & Coleoptera & Curculionidae & Gruzii. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie & Review of Ceutorhynchinae weevils of Gruzia & Coleoptera & Curculionida & Ceutorhynchinae & Entomological Review" box="[291,606,194,215]" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" pagination="117 - 140" refId="ref3792" refString="Korotyaev, B. A., and A. O. Cholokava. 1989. Obzor zhukov-dolgonosikov podsem. Ceutorhynchinae (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) fauny Gruzii. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 68 (1): 154 - 177. [Review of Ceutorhynchinae weevils of Gruzia (Coleoptera: Curculionida [e] Ceutorhynchinae). Entomological Review 68 (4): 117 - 140.]." type="journal article" year="1989">Korotyaev and Cholokava 1989</bibRefCitation>
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), and northeastern
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<collectingCountry id="F37F7632C526085FFEA749C53B65FF1B" box="[297,365,221,242]" name="Turkey" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">Turkey</collectingCountry>
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(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF94B53C526085FFEF549C53814FF1B" author="Colonnelli" box="[379,540,221,242]" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" refId="ref3495" refString="Colonnelli, E. 2004. Catalogue of Ceutorhynchinae of the world, with a key to genera (Insecta: Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Argania editio, Barcelona, Spain." type="book" year="2004">Colonnelli 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This study has revealed that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C684D21C526085FFEEF49EF3BB5FEE5" box="[353,445,247,268]" class="Liliopsida" family="Iridaceae" genus="Iris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="iberica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEAB0C526085FFEEF49EF3BB5FEE5" box="[353,445,247,268]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">I. iberica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C684D21C526085FFE7B49EF389BFEE5" authorityName="Kolenati" authorityYear="1859" box="[501,659,247,268]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Mononychus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schoenherrii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEAB0C526085FFE7B49EF389BFEE5" box="[501,659,247,268]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">M. schoenherrii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
co-occur. The weevil and host plant are mainly distributed throughout the Aras Valley in the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49ACF840C526085FFF23485F3B0FFEB5" box="[173,263,327,348]" country="Turkey" name="Erzurum" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">Erzurum</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49ACF840C526085FFE9B485F3B4EFEB5" box="[277,326,327,348]" country="Turkey" name="Kars" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">Kars</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49ACF840C526085FFE0B485F3BBEFEB5" box="[389,438,326,348]" country="Turkey" name="Igdir" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">Iğdır</collectingRegion>
|
||
Provinces, and have been found in a single locality at the western limit of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49ACF840C526085FFE8548643BC1FE78" box="[267,457,380,401]" country="Turkey" name="Erzurum" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">Erzurum Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
near the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49ACF840C526085FFDB448643B09FE45" country="Turkey" name="Erzincan" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">Erzincan Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
border.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF17662AC5200859FF4B4F553929F979" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10108029" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10108029" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10108029/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" startId="2.[197,237,1613,1632]" targetBox="[173,1190,195,1582]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD736A2C5200859FF4B4F553929F979" blockId="2.[173,1194,1612,1680]" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEAB0C5200859FF4B4F553B40F989" bold="true" box="[197,328,1612,1632]" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">Figs. 1–5. 1)</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C684D21C5200859FEC04F553BA5F989" box="[334,429,1613,1632]" class="Liliopsida" family="Iridaceae" genus="Iris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="iberica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEAB0C5200859FEC04F553BA5F989" box="[334,429,1613,1632]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">Iris iberica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEAB0C5200859FE374F553BC5F989" bold="true" box="[441,461,1613,1632]" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">2)</emphasis>
|
||
An example of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C684D21C5200859FDD64F5538AEF989" box="[600,678,1613,1632]" class="Liliopsida" family="Iridaceae" genus="Iris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="iberica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEAB0C5200859FDD64F5538AEF989" box="[600,678,1613,1632]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">I. iberica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
habitat under agricultural pressure;
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEAB0C5200859FC554F5539E6F989" bold="true" box="[987,1006,1613,1632]" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">3)</emphasis>
|
||
Infested seed capsule of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C684D21C5200859FF494F7C3B10F99E" box="[199,280,1636,1655]" class="Liliopsida" family="Iridaceae" genus="Iris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="iberica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEAB0C5200859FF494F7C3B10F99E" box="[199,280,1636,1655]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">I. iberica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with oviposition and feeding holes;
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEAB0C5200859FDEE4F7D387CF991" bold="true" box="[608,628,1637,1656]" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">4)</emphasis>
|
||
Larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C684D21C5200859FD574F7C39B2F99E" authorityName="Kolenati" authorityYear="1859" box="[729,954,1636,1655]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Mononychus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schoenherrii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEAB0C5200859FD574F7C39B2F99E" box="[729,954,1636,1655]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">Mononychus schoenherrii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
feeding in a seed capsule;
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEAB0C5200859FF234F653AC8F979" bold="true" box="[173,192,1661,1680]" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">5)</emphasis>
|
||
Young adult of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C684D21C5200859FEDE4F643BD0F966" authorityName="Kolenati" authorityYear="1859" box="[336,472,1660,1679]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Mononychus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schoenherrii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEAB0C5200859FEDE4F643BD0F966" box="[336,472,1660,1679]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">M. schoenherrii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
newly emergent from a seed capsule.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF17662AC5210858FF214F513AFCF94D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10108031" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10108031" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10108031/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="158" startId="3.[175,215,1609,1628]" targetBox="[151,1167,195,1586]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD736A2C5210858FF214F513AFCF94D" blockId="3.[151,1172,1609,1700]" pageId="3" pageNumber="158">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEAB0C5210858FF214F513B35F9B5" bold="true" box="[175,317,1609,1628]" pageId="3" pageNumber="158">Figs. 6–12. 6)</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C684D21C5210858FECB4F513B97F9B5" box="[325,415,1609,1628]" class="Liliopsida" family="Iridaceae" genus="Iris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="158" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spuria">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEAB0C5210858FECB4F513B97F9B5" box="[325,415,1609,1628]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="158">Iris spuria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEAB0C5210858FE224F513BC8F9B5" bold="true" box="[428,448,1609,1628]" pageId="3" pageNumber="158">7)</emphasis>
|
||
Habitat of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C684D21C5210858FDAB4F513867F9B5" box="[549,623,1609,1628]" class="Liliopsida" family="Iridaceae" genus="Iris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="158" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spuria">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEAB0C5210858FDAB4F513867F9B5" box="[549,623,1609,1628]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="158">I. spuria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEAB0C5210858FDF24F513887F9B5" bold="true" box="[636,655,1609,1628]" pageId="3" pageNumber="158">8)</emphasis>
|
||
Adult of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C684D21C5210858FD694F5139D0F9B5" baseAuthorityName="Herbst" baseAuthorityYear="1784" box="[743,984,1609,1628]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Mononychus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctumalbum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEAB0C5210858FD694F5139D0F9B5" box="[743,984,1609,1628]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="158">Mononychus punctumalbum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and an ant following the adult;
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEAB0C5210858FF7E4F793B0BF99D" bold="true" box="[240,259,1633,1652]" pageId="3" pageNumber="158">9)</emphasis>
|
||
Pair of adults resting on the host plant;
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEAB0C5210858FDE94F79388DF99D" bold="true" box="[615,645,1633,1652]" pageId="3" pageNumber="158">10)</emphasis>
|
||
Feeding and ovipositing holes on a seed capsule;
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEAB0C5210858FBB14F793E53F99D" bold="true" box="[1087,1115,1633,1652]" pageId="3" pageNumber="158">11)</emphasis>
|
||
Seeds damaged by adults;
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEAB0C5210858FEC54F613B62F965" bold="true" box="[331,362,1657,1676]" pageId="3" pageNumber="158">12)</emphasis>
|
||
Larva feeding on a seed and a pupa of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C684D21C5210858FD594F61397CF965" baseAuthorityName="Herbst" baseAuthorityYear="1784" box="[727,884,1657,1676]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Mononychus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctumalbum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEAB0C5210858FD594F61397CF965" box="[727,884,1657,1676]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="158">M. punctumalbum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
resting in a seed capsule of the host plant.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3726529C526085FFF4B48A93B76FCEC" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD736A2C526085FFF4B48A93B76FCEC" blockId="4.[173,660,194,1012]" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEAB0C526085FFF4B48A93B9BFE2F" bold="true" box="[197,403,433,454]" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">Material Examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B003CFFC526085FFE2E48A93887FDD9" collectingDate="2000-05-26" collectingDateMax="2002-06-05" collectingDateMin="2000-05-26" collectionCode="V, VI" elevation="1604" latitude="40.12655" location="Aras valley" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="42.50242" municipality="Aras valley" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" specimenCount="29" specimenCount-adult="29" stateProvince="Kars">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49ACF840C526085FFE2E48A93818FE2F" box="[416,528,433,454]" country="Turkey" name="Kars" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">Kars Prov.</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
<locationDeviation id="9A652F80C526085FFD9248A93B0AFE08" location="Horasan" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<quantity id="4C909B47C526085FFD9248A93855FE2F" box="[540,605,433,454]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" unit="km" value="27.0">27 km</quantity>
|
||
E of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49ACF840C526085FFF2348D43B0AFE08" box="[173,258,460,481]" country="Iran" name="Khorasan-e Shomali" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">Horasan</collectingRegion>
|
||
</locationDeviation>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BB3ACD8C526085FFE8148D43B8EFE08" box="[271,390,460,481]" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">Aras valley</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5C5065C526085FFE1D48D4380EFE08" box="[403,518,459,481]" degrees="40" direction="north" minutes="7.822" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" precision="1" value="40.130367">40°7.822′N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5C5065C526085FFD9E48D43887FE08" box="[528,655,459,481]" degrees="42" direction="east" minutes="29.351" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" precision="1" value="42.48918">42°29.351′E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4C909B47C526085FFF2348FE3AF0FE12" box="[173,248,486,507]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6039999999999999" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" unit="m" value="1604.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0045D191C526085FFF2348FE3AF0FE12" box="[173,248,486,507]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6039999999999999" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" unit="m" value="1604.0">1604 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFD61062C526085FFE8C48FE3B60FE12" box="[258,360,486,507]" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" value="2000-05-26">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF92E98AC526085FFE8C48FE3B60FE12" box="[258,360,486,507]" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" value="2000-05-26">
|
||
26
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED79AE67C526085FFEAE48FE3B39FE12" box="[288,305,486,507]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||
2000
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6EFD2BC526085FFEF948FE3BB3FE12" box="[375,443,486,507]" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" type="adult">1 adult</specimenCount>
|
||
);
|
||
<locationDeviation id="9A652F80C526085FFE4248FE3887FE12" box="[460,655,486,507]" location="Horasan" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<quantity id="4C909B47C526085FFE4248FE3800FE12" box="[460,520,486,507]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" unit="km" value="31.0">31 km</quantity>
|
||
E of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49ACF840C526085FFDB048FE3887FE12" box="[574,655,486,507]" country="Iran" name="Khorasan-e Shomali" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">Horasan</collectingRegion>
|
||
</locationDeviation>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EB76079C526085FFF234B193B2BFDFF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C187B4C523085FFF344F7F3B54FC1D:8EB76079C526085FFF234B193B2BFDFF" box="[173,291,513,534]" latitude="40.12655" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="42.50242" municipality="Aras valley" name="Aras valley" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" stateProvince="Kars">Aras valley</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5C5065C526085FFEBC4B193BADFDFF" box="[306,421,512,534]" degrees="40" direction="north" minutes="7.593" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" precision="1" value="40.12655">40°7.593′N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5C5065C526085FFE3E4B193838FDFF" box="[432,560,512,534]" degrees="42" direction="east" minutes="30.145" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" precision="1" value="42.50242">42°30.145′E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4C909B47C526085FFDB04B193887FDFF" box="[574,655,513,534]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.48" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" unit="m" value="1480.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0045D191C526085FFDB04B193887FDFF" box="[574,655,513,534]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.48" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" unit="m" value="1480.0">1480 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFD61062C526085FFF234B033B15FDD9" box="[173,285,539,560]" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" value="2002-05-24">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF92E98AC526085FFF234B033B15FDD9" box="[173,285,539,560]" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" value="2002-05-24">
|
||
24
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED79AE67C526085FFF414B033AE8FDD9" box="[207,224,539,560]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||
2002
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6EFD2BC526085FFEA04B033B99FDD9" box="[302,401,539,560]" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" type="adult">13 adults</specimenCount>
|
||
);
|
||
<date id="FFD61062C526085FFE294B03381BFDD9" box="[423,531,539,560]" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" value="2002-06-05">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF92E98AC526085FFE294B03381BFDD9" box="[423,531,539,560]" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" value="2002-06-05">
|
||
5
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED79AE67C526085FFE334B033BDFFDD9" box="[445,471,539,560]" country="Norway" name="Mykotektet, National Veterinary Institute" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">VI</collectionCode>
|
||
2002
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6EFD2BC526085FFDAA4B033880FDD9" box="[548,648,539,560]" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" type="adult">15 adults</specimenCount>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B003CFFC526085FFF234B2E3B98FD72" collectingDate="2002-06-01" collectingDateMax="2002-06-11" collectingDateMin="2002-06-01" collectionCode="VI" elevation="1575" latitude="39.931885" location="Erzurum Prov." longLatPrecision="1" longitude="42.316265" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" specimenCount="15" specimenCount-adult="15" stateProvince="Erzurum">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49ACF840C526085FFF234B2E3B36FDA2" box="[173,318,566,587]" country="Turkey" name="Erzurum" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">Erzurum Prov.</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
<quantity id="4C909B47C526085FFEC64B2E3B8EFDA2" box="[328,390,566,587]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" unit="km" value="10.0">10 km</quantity>
|
||
W of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49ACF840C526085FFE464B2E3811FDA2" box="[456,537,566,587]" country="Iran" name="Khorasan-e Shomali" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">Horasan</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5C5065C526085FFDAB4B2E389BFDA2" box="[549,659,565,587]" degrees="40" direction="north" minutes="1.807" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" precision="1" value="40.030117">40°1.807′N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5C5065C526085FFF234B493B1DFD8F" box="[173,277,592,614]" degrees="42" direction="east" minutes="2.476" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" precision="1" value="42.041267">42°2.476′E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4C909B47C526085FFEAF4B493B64FD8F" box="[289,364,593,614]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.575" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" unit="m" value="1575.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0045D191C526085FFEAF4B493B64FD8F" box="[289,364,593,614]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.575" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" unit="m" value="1575.0">1575 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFD61062C526085FFEF64B493BD3FD8F" box="[376,475,593,614]" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" value="2002-06-01">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF92E98AC526085FFEF64B493BD3FD8F" box="[376,475,593,614]" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" value="2002-06-01">
|
||
1
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED79AE67C526085FFE024B493BACFD8F" box="[396,420,593,614]" country="Norway" name="Mykotektet, National Veterinary Institute" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">VI</collectionCode>
|
||
2002
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6EFD2BC526085FFE644B49384CFD8F" box="[490,580,593,614]" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" type="adult">13 adults</specimenCount>
|
||
);
|
||
<quantity id="4C909B47C526085FFDDB4B49389BFD8F" box="[597,659,593,614]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" unit="km" value="20.0">20 km</quantity>
|
||
SE of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49ACF840C526085FFF624B733B33FD69" box="[236,315,619,640]" country="Iran" name="Khorasan-e Shomali" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">Horasan</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5C5065C526085FFEC84B733BB3FD69" box="[326,443,619,641]" degrees="39" direction="north" minutes="55.913" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" precision="1" value="39.931885">39°55.913′N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5C5065C526085FFE4A4B733830FD69" box="[452,568,619,641]" degrees="42" direction="east" minutes="18.976" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" precision="1" value="42.316265">42°18.976′E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4C909B47C526085FFDCA4B733887FD69" box="[580,655,619,640]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" unit="m" value="1800.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0045D191C526085FFDCA4B733887FD69" box="[580,655,619,640]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" unit="m" value="1800.0">1800 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFD61062C526085FFF234B9E3B2BFD72" box="[173,291,646,667]" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" value="2002-06-11">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF92E98AC526085FFF234B9E3B2BFD72" box="[173,291,646,667]" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" value="2002-06-11">
|
||
11
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED79AE67C526085FFF404B9E3AEFFD72" box="[206,231,646,667]" country="Norway" name="Mykotektet, National Veterinary Institute" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">VI</collectionCode>
|
||
2002
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6EFD2BC526085FFEBA4B9E3B81FD72" box="[308,393,646,667]" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" type="adult">2 adults</specimenCount>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B003CFFC526085FFE104B9E3BBFFD39" collectingDate="2003-05-04" collectingDateMax="2005-05-17" collectingDateMin="2003-05-04" collectionCode="V" elevation="1100" location="Tuzluca" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" specimenCount="8" specimenCount-adult="8" stateProvince="Igdir">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49ACF840C526085FFE104B9E3806FD72" box="[414,526,645,667]" country="Turkey" name="Igdir" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">Iğdır Prov.</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
<quantity id="4C909B47C526085FFD954B9E3854FD72" box="[539,604,646,667]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" unit="km" value="23.0">23 km</quantity>
|
||
E of
|
||
<location id="8EB76079C526085FFF234BB83AF4FD5C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C187B4C523085FFF344F7F3B54FC1D:8EB76079C526085FFF234BB83AF4FD5C" box="[173,252,672,693]" name="Tuzluca" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" stateProvince="Igdir">Tuzluca</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFD61062C526085FFE884BB83B68FD5C" box="[262,352,672,693]" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" value="2003-05-04">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF92E98AC526085FFE884BB83B68FD5C" box="[262,352,672,693]" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" value="2003-05-04">
|
||
4
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED79AE67C526085FFE964BB83B21FD5C" box="[280,297,672,693]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||
2003
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6EFD2BC526085FFEE34BB83BB6FD5C" box="[365,446,672,693]" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" type="adult">7 adults</specimenCount>
|
||
);
|
||
<locationDeviation id="9A652F80C526085FFE414BB83898FD5C" box="[463,656,672,693]" location="Gaziler" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<quantity id="4C909B47C526085FFE414BB83804FD5C" box="[463,524,672,693]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" unit="km" value="10.0">10 km</quantity>
|
||
W of Gaziler
|
||
</locationDeviation>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4C909B47C526085FFF234BA33AFEFD39" box="[173,246,699,720]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" unit="m" value="1100.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0045D191C526085FFF234BA33AFEFD39" box="[173,246,699,720]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" unit="m" value="1100.0">1100 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFD61062C526085FFF734BA33B68FD39" box="[253,352,699,720]" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" value="2005-05-17">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF92E98AC526085FFF734BA33B68FD39" box="[253,352,699,720]" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" value="2005-05-17">
|
||
17
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED79AE67C526085FFE974BA33B22FD39" box="[281,298,699,720]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||
2005
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6EFD2BC526085FFEE34BA33BA7FD39" box="[365,431,699,720]" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" type="adult">1 adult</specimenCount>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B003CFFC526085FFE304BA33B73FCEC" collectingDate="2002-06-06" collectionCode="VI" elevation="1850" location="14 - 15 km W of Askale" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-adult="2" stateProvince="Erzurum and Erzincan Province">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49ACF840C526085FFE304BA33B0BFD03" isEnumeration="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">Erzurum and Erzincan Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
border,
|
||
<location id="8EB76079C526085FFEDA4BCD3831FD03" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C187B4C523085FFF344F7F3B54FC1D:8EB76079C526085FFEDA4BCD3831FD03" box="[340,569,725,747]" name="14 - 15 km W of Askale" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" stateProvince="Erzurum and Erzincan Province">
|
||
<quantity id="4C909B47C526085FFEDA4BCD3BB0FD03" box="[340,440,725,747]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" unit="km" value="14.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="14.0">14–15 km</quantity>
|
||
W of Aşkale
|
||
</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4C909B47C526085FFDCD4BCD3887FD03" box="[579,655,725,746]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" unit="m" value="1850.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0045D191C526085FFDCD4BCD3887FD03" box="[579,655,725,746]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" unit="m" value="1850.0">1850 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFD61062C526085FFF234BE83B1BFCEC" box="[173,275,752,773]" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" value="2002-06-06">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF92E98AC526085FFF234BE83B1BFCEC" box="[173,275,752,773]" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" value="2002-06-06">
|
||
6
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED79AE67C526085FFF4F4BE83AD2FCEC" box="[193,218,752,773]" country="Norway" name="Mykotektet, National Veterinary Institute" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">VI</collectionCode>
|
||
2002
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6EFD2BC526085FFEAF4BE83B7CFCEC" box="[289,372,752,773]" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" type="adult">2 adults</specimenCount>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3726529C526085FFF4B4A123B54FC1D" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD736A2C526085FFF4B4A123B54FC1D" blockId="4.[173,660,194,1012]" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEAB0C526085FFF4B4A123B31FCF6" bold="true" box="[197,313,778,799]" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">Host Plant.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C684D21C526085FFEC84A123BB6FCF6" box="[326,446,778,799]" class="Liliopsida" family="Iridaceae" genus="Iris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="iberica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEAB0C526085FFEC84A123BB6FCF6" box="[326,446,778,799]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">Iris iberica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the only known host of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C684D21C526085FFE8E4A3D3B97FCD3" authorityName="Kolenati" authorityYear="1859" box="[256,415,805,826]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Mononychus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schoenherrii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEAB0C526085FFE8E4A3D3B97FCD3" box="[256,415,805,826]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">M. schoenherrii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It occurs on mountain slopes with steppe vegetation in stony and sandy habitats at elevations of
|
||
<quantity id="4C909B47C526085FFE104A42383AFC86" box="[414,562,858,880]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.675" metricValueMax="2.25" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" unit="m" value="1675.0" valueMax="2250.0" valueMin="1100.0">
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5C5065C526085FFE104A423BDAFC86" box="[414,466,858,879]" degrees="1,100" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" precision="55" value="1.1">1,100</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5C5065C526085FFE5C4A42381BFC86" box="[466,531,858,880]" degrees="2,250" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" precision="55" value="-2.25">–2,250</geoCoordinate>
|
||
m
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
. It is distributed in northwestern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37F7632C526085FFE194A6D3BB6FC63" box="[407,446,885,906]" name="Iran" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37F7632C526085FFE474A6D3814FC63" box="[457,540,885,906]" name="Armenia" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">Armenia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37F7632C526085FFDA64A6D3898FC63" box="[552,656,885,906]" name="Azerbaijan" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">Azerbaijan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37F7632C526085FFF234A973B09FC4D" box="[173,257,911,932]" name="Georgia" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">Georgia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37F7632C526085FFE1B4A973BD5FC4D" box="[405,477,911,932]" name="Turkey" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">Turkey</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49ACF840C526085FFE7F4A973846FC4D" box="[497,590,911,932]" country="Turkey" name="Erzurum" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">Erzurum</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49ACF840C526085FFDD34A973887FC4D" box="[605,655,911,932]" country="Turkey" name="Kars" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">Kars</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49ACF840C526085FFF234AB23AD3FC56" box="[173,219,937,959]" country="Turkey" name="Igdir" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">Iğdır</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49ACF840C526085FFF6A4AB23B06FC56" box="[228,270,937,959]" country="Turkey" name="Agri" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">Ağrı</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49ACF840C526085FFECF4AB23B6EFC56" box="[321,358,938,959]" country="Turkey" name="Van" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">Van</collectingRegion>
|
||
Provinces:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF94B53C526085FFE5F4AB2385CFC56" author="Mathew & Iris L." box="[465,596,938,959]" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" pagination="382 - 411" refId="ref3863" refString="Mathew, B. 1984. Iris L. [pp. 382 - 411]. In: Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands. Vol. 8 (P. H. Davis, editor). Edinburgh at the University Press, Edinburgh, UK." type="book chapter" year="1984">Mathew 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF94B53C526085FFDD34AB23887FC56" author="Mathew & Iris L." box="[605,655,938,959]" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" pagination="227 - 228" refId="ref3914" refString="Mathew, B. 1988. Iris L. [227 - 228]. In: Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands. Vol. 10 (P. H. Davis, editor). Edinburgh at the University Press, Edinburgh, UK." type="book chapter" year="1988">1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF94B53C526085FFF234ADC3B8EFC30" author="Guvenc" box="[173,390,964,985]" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" pagination="125 - 136" refId="ref3655" refString="Guvenc, A., S. Kurucu, M. Koyuncu, O. Arihan, and C. S. Erdurak. 2005. Investigation on the seeds of Iris spuria L. subsp. musulmanica (Fomin) Takht. (Iridaceae). Turkish Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2 (3): 125 - 136." type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
Güvenç
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEAB0C526085FFE874ADC3B34FC30" box="[265,316,964,985]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF94B53C526085FFE194ADC3803FC30" author="Avci" box="[407,523,964,986]" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" pagination="27 - 55" refId="ref3415" refString="Avci, M. 2005. Diversity and endemism in Turkey' s vegetation. Cografya Dergisi 13: 27 - 55. (In Turkish)" type="journal article" year="2005">Avcı 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Mikatadze- Pantsulaia 2011).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |