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<mods:title id="F3F4ADAD2F4588E93E1B4ED5BA5162C5">Revision of the southern South American species of Philonthus Stephens (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) 2595</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="8BFC4104FFA78C0A5DA77A89FDE450DD" blockId="43.[151,588,898,959]" box="[151,588,898,924]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<heading id="D0B4F668FFA78C0A5DA77A89FDE450DD" bold="true" box="[151,588,898,924]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C433A87FFA78C0A5DA77A89FDE450DD" ID-CoL="8VSKQ" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[151,588,898,924]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Philonthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="politus">
<emphasis id="B9379D16FFA78C0A5DA77A89FDE450DD" bold="true" box="[151,588,898,924]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="B9379D16FFA78C0A5DA77A89FEDD50DD" bold="true" box="[151,373,898,924]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Philonthus politus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD23CF5FFA78C0A5CB47A89FDEC50DD" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[388,580,898,924]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refId="ref50645" refString="Linnaeus, C. v. (1758) Systema naturae, per regna tria naturae, secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. vol. 1. ed. 10. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae &quot; = Stockholm &quot;, 824 pp." type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C359128FFFA78C0A5DA77AAEFE2550FE" box="[151,397,933,959]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BFC4104FFA78C0A5DA77AAEFE2550FE" blockId="43.[151,588,898,959]" box="[151,397,933,959]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
(
<figureCitation id="13785D81FFA78C0A5DAF7AAEFEE250FE" box="[159,330,933,959]" captionStart="FIGURES 97–115" captionStartId="40.[151,269,1799,1823]" captionTargetBox="[287,1314,212,1772]" captionTargetId="figure-114@40.[273,1314,194,1778]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURES 97–115. P. pallipes: sternum 9 (97); tergum 10, male (98); aedoeagus, dorsal view (99); gonocoxites of female genital segment (100). P. pauxillus: aedoeagus, dorsal view (101). P. politus: sternum 9 (102); aedoeagus, dorsal view (103); paramere, ventral side (104). P. quadraticeps: sternum 9 (105); aedoeagus, dorsal view (106); paramere, ventral side (107); aedoeagus, lateral view (108); tergum 10, female (109); gonocoxites of female genital segment (110). P. rectangulus: tergum 10, male (111); aedoeagus, dorsal view (112); aedoeagus, lateral view (113); paramere, ventral side (114); gonocoxites of female genital segment (115)." pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Figs. 102–104</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13785D81FFA78C0A5C677AAEFE2C50FE" box="[343,388,933,959]" captionStart="FIGURE 145" captionStartId="53.[151,255,2011,2035]" captionTargetBox="[316,1281,338,1980]" captionTargetId="figure-71@53.[306,1281,338,1990]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURE 145. Distribution of P. bruchianus,, P. convexicollis, P. hepaticus and P. politus in southern South America." pageId="43" pageNumber="44">145</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C359128FFFA78C0A5DA77AFBFB915746" box="[151,1081,1008,1031]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BFC4104FFA78C0A5DA77AFBFB915746" blockId="43.[151,1081,1008,1031]" box="[151,1081,1008,1031]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB53662AFFA78C0A5DA77AFBFB915746" box="[151,1081,1008,1031]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<treatmentCitation id="0AE26715FFA78C0A5DA77AFBFDEE5746" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3916689" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3916689" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F8AFCEFA-1B3D-4331-9E74-9FC5C10BEF2B" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[151,582,1008,1031]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/64FF8D005DD4C2859A3AE31ACA583B02" page="422" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" year="1758">
<taxonomicName id="4C433A87FFA78C0A5DA77AFBFDEE5746" authority="Linnaeus, 1758: 422" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityPageNumber="422" authorityYear="1758" box="[151,582,1008,1031]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Staphylinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="politus">
<emphasis id="B9379D16FFA78C0A5DA77AFBFEC95746" box="[151,353,1008,1031]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Staphylinus politus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD23CF5FFA78C0A5C587AFBFDEE5746" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[360,582,1008,1031]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refId="ref50645" refString="Linnaeus, C. v. (1758) Systema naturae, per regna tria naturae, secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. vol. 1. ed. 10. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae &quot; = Stockholm &quot;, 824 pp." type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758: 422</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
. For complete references see
<bibRefCitation id="EFD23CF5FFA78C0A5EB17AFBFB9D5746" author="Herman, L. H." box="[897,1077,1008,1031]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="2441 - 3020" refId="ref50050" refString="Herman, L. H. (2001 b) Catalog of the Staphylinidae (Insecta: Coleoptera). 1758 to the end of the second millennium. Part V. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 265, 2441 - 3020." type="journal article" year="2001">Herman (2001b)</bibRefCitation>
.
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C359128FFFA78C0A5DA77D3EFD8C57A5" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BFC4104FFA78C0A5DA77D3EFD8C57A5" blockId="43.[151,1437,1077,2036]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="B9379D16FFA78C0A5DA77D3EFEBF570E" bold="true" box="[151,279,1077,1103]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C433A87FFA78C0A5C2E7D3EFE5E570F" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[286,502,1077,1102]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Philonthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="politus">
<emphasis id="B9379D16FFA78C0A5C2E7D3EFE5E570F" box="[286,502,1077,1102]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Philonthus politus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may be identified by its coloration and general habitus, the distance separating medial interocular punctures on frons about twice as large as distance separating medial punctures from lateral punctures, and the three first abdominal terga with posterior basal line acutely extended medially. It differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C433A87FFA78C0A5DE87DAEFE4257FF" authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1874" box="[216,490,1189,1214]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Philonthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rectangulus">
<emphasis id="B9379D16FFA78C0A5DE87DAEFE4257FF" box="[216,490,1189,1214]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Philonthus rectangulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the dorsal rows of the pronotum each with four punctures, and the aedeagus with paramere entire, not divided.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C359128FFFA78C0D5DF57DE4FD5150A6" lastPageId="44" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BFC4104FFA78C0A5DF57DE4FE295615" blockId="43.[151,1437,1077,2036]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="B9379D16FFA78C0A5DF57DE4FE215648" bold="true" box="[197,393,1263,1289]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Redescription.</emphasis>
Length of the body 9.0–13.0 mm. Coloration. Head, thorax, elytra and abdomen castaneous-piceous to black; elytra with pubescence testaceous, slightly iridescent; antennae, palpi and legs castaneous-piceous.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC4104FFA78C0A5DF57C6BFD625455" blockId="43.[151,1437,1077,2036]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Head moderately to distinctly wider than long (HW/HL= 1.4–1.3) and at basal third as wide as distal third in both sexes, about as wide as pronotum (HW/PW= 1.0–0.97); dorsal surface coarsely and moderately punctate, with three to four postocular punctures and three to four epicranial punctures; distance separating medial interocular punctures on frons about twice as large as distance separating medial punctures from lateral punctures; infraorbital ridge present, extending not far beyond postgenal ridge. Eyes moderately longer than temples (EL/TL= 1.20) seen from above. Antennae with segment 1 shorter than segments 2 and 3 combined, segments 2 and 3 subequal in length, segment 4 elongate, 5 quadrate, segments 7–10 transverse. Maxillary palpus with segment 2 not swollen, more than twice as long as its maximum width; last segment fusiform, about twice longer than segment 3. Posterior arms of gular sutures either running close to each other until the base of head and not joined before neck or joined before neck. Submentum about 2.5 times as long as mentum. Labial palpus with last segment about twice as long as preceding segment. Neck more than 0.5 times as wide as head at widest point (NW/HW= 0.6).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC4104FFA78C0D5DF57E2BFB2E5206" blockId="43.[151,1437,1077,2036]" lastBlockId="44.[151,1437,152,1484]" lastPageId="44" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
Pronotum about as long as wide (PW/PL= 1.00–0.97), slightly narrowed anteriad to parallel-sided; dorsal surface of pronotum with two rows of punctures, each with four punctures. Hypomeron not visible in lateral view. Basisternum with medial longitudinal carina moderately developed, bulbous. Metasternum with circummesocoxal ridge broadly rounded medially. Elytra at sides moderately to distinctly longer than pronotum at midline (EtL/PL=1.4–1.2), distinctly longer than elytra along suture (EtL/Etl= 1.8–1.6); transverse distance between punctures about as large as to distinctly smaller than diameters of punctures (Fig. 2). Both front and middle tarsi as long as front and middle tibiae; first segment of hind tarsus as long as segments 2 and 3 combined, and longer than last segment (S1/S5= 1.5–1.3). Abdominal terga distinctly punctuate at basal area, distance separating punctures smaller than diameters of punctures; terga 2 and 3 with elevated area between basal lines punctuate, posterior basal line acutely extended medially. Male sternum 7 with apical margin slightly notched. Tergum
<quantity id="4CBBECE1FFA08C0D5CF37826FE585206" box="[451,496,301,327]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.032" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="in" value="8.0">8 in</quantity>
both sexes with posterior margin arcuate to subtruncate.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC4104FFA08C0D5DF57859FAF45166" blockId="44.[151,1437,152,1484]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
Male genitalia. Sternum 8 deeply emarginate medio-apically, with three long subapical macrosetae at each side. Tergum 10 slightly emarginate medio-apically, with four long subapical macrosetae and four short apical setae. Sternum 9 moderately emarginate apically, with one long subapical seta at each side (
<figureCitation id="13785D81FFA08C0D582F7896FA2652F6" box="[1311,1422,413,439]" captionStart="FIGURES 97–115" captionStartId="40.[151,269,1799,1823]" captionTargetBox="[287,1314,212,1772]" captionTargetId="figure-114@40.[273,1314,194,1778]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURES 97–115. P. pallipes: sternum 9 (97); tergum 10, male (98); aedoeagus, dorsal view (99); gonocoxites of female genital segment (100). P. pauxillus: aedoeagus, dorsal view (101). P. politus: sternum 9 (102); aedoeagus, dorsal view (103); paramere, ventral side (104). P. quadraticeps: sternum 9 (105); aedoeagus, dorsal view (106); paramere, ventral side (107); aedoeagus, lateral view (108); tergum 10, female (109); gonocoxites of female genital segment (110). P. rectangulus: tergum 10, male (111); aedoeagus, dorsal view (112); aedoeagus, lateral view (113); paramere, ventral side (114); gonocoxites of female genital segment (115)." pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 102</figureCitation>
). Aedeagus with a single tooth on face adjacent to paramere; apex of median lobe distinctly narrowed and elongate (in dorsal view) in its apical fourth; paramere entire, leaf-like, reaching two thirds of median lobe length, with many sensory peg setae at apex (
<figureCitation id="13785D81FFA08C0D5F9A7B06FCF05166" box="[682,856,525,551]" captionStart="FIGURES 97–115" captionStartId="40.[151,269,1799,1823]" captionTargetBox="[287,1314,212,1772]" captionTargetId="figure-114@40.[273,1314,194,1778]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURES 97–115. P. pallipes: sternum 9 (97); tergum 10, male (98); aedoeagus, dorsal view (99); gonocoxites of female genital segment (100). P. pauxillus: aedoeagus, dorsal view (101). P. politus: sternum 9 (102); aedoeagus, dorsal view (103); paramere, ventral side (104). P. quadraticeps: sternum 9 (105); aedoeagus, dorsal view (106); paramere, ventral side (107); aedoeagus, lateral view (108); tergum 10, female (109); gonocoxites of female genital segment (110). P. rectangulus: tergum 10, male (111); aedoeagus, dorsal view (112); aedoeagus, lateral view (113); paramere, ventral side (114); gonocoxites of female genital segment (115)." pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Figs. 103–104</figureCitation>
). Internal sac without sclerotized structures.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC4104FFA08C0D5DF57B39FEFF51D6" blockId="44.[151,1437,152,1484]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Female genitalia. Tergum 10 arcuate medio-apically, with two long subapical macrosetae and 8–10 short apical setae. Second gonocoxite with 2–5 strong setae along its outer margin, with stylus and two long long setae at its apex.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC4104FFA08C0D5DF57BA9FDF75036" blockId="44.[151,1437,152,1484]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="B9379D16FFA08C0D5DF57BA9FDBF51FD" bold="true" box="[197,535,674,700]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Geographical distribution.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C433A87FFA08C0D5F107BA9FD5351FA" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[544,763,674,699]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Philonthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="politus">
<emphasis id="B9379D16FFA08C0D5F107BA9FD5351FA" box="[544,763,674,699]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Philonthus politus</emphasis>
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is an Oriental species, which was introduced to various regions of the world, and it is now considered a cosmopolitan species (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD23CF5FFA08C0D5EFE7BC3FBD351A3" author="Smetana, A." box="[974,1147,712,738]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 946" refId="ref52003" refString="Smetana, A. (1995) Rove beetles of the subtribe Philonthina of America north of Mexico (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae): Classification, phylogeny and taxonomic revision. Memoirs on Entomology, International, 3, 1 - 946." type="journal article" year="1995">Smetana 1995</bibRefCitation>
). Until the present work,
<taxonomicName id="4C433A87FFA08C0D5DA77BE6FEAF5047" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[151,263,749,774]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Philonthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="politus">
<emphasis id="B9379D16FFA08C0D5DA77BE6FEAF5047" box="[151,263,749,774]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">P. politus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was known in South America from
<collectingCountry id="F3540194FFA08C0D5FF47BE6FCEB5046" box="[708,835,749,775]" name="Venezuela" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3540194FFA08C0D5E607BE6FC395046" box="[848,913,749,775]" name="Chile" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Chile</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F3540194FFA08C0D5EFD7BE6FBEC5046" box="[973,1092,749,775]" name="Argentina" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Argentina</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD23CF5FFA08C0D59667BE6FAB85046" author="Herman, L. H." box="[1110,1296,749,775]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="2441 - 3020" refId="ref50050" refString="Herman, L. H. (2001 b) Catalog of the Staphylinidae (Insecta: Coleoptera). 1758 to the end of the second millennium. Part V. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 265, 2441 - 3020." type="journal article" year="2001">Herman 2001b</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFD23CF5FFA08C0D582D7BE6FE9F506D" author="Newton, A. F. &amp; Thayer, M. K." pageId="44" pageNumber="45" refId="ref50844" refString="Newton, A. F. &amp; Thayer, M. K. (2005) Catalog of higher taxa of Staphyliniformia and genera and subgenera of Staphylinoidea, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago. Available from: http: // www. fieldmuseum. org / peet _ staph / db _ 1 a. html (last updated 03 November 2005; date of access: 17 December 2008)." type="url" year="2005">Newton &amp; Thayer 2005</bibRefCitation>
). Among the southern South American material that I have examined, only specimens from
<collectingCountry id="F3540194FFA08C0D5DA77A33FF705013" box="[151,216,824,850]" name="Chile" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Chile</collectingCountry>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C433A87FFA08C0D5C317A33FED85010" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[257,368,824,849]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Philonthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="politus">
<emphasis id="B9379D16FFA08C0D5C317A33FED85010" box="[257,368,824,849]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">P. politus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were found. They were collected in the biogeographical provinces of
<collectingRegion id="49878FE6FFA08C0D59F07A33FA835013" box="[1216,1323,824,850]" country="Chile" name="Region Metropolitana" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Santiago</collectingRegion>
, Valdivia and
<collectingRegion id="49878FE6FFA08C0D5DF87A56FEBB5036" box="[200,275,861,887]" country="Chile" name="Maule" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Maule</collectingRegion>
(Andean region) (
<figureCitation id="13785D81FFA08C0D5CDC7A56FDFA5036" box="[492,594,861,887]" captionStart="FIGURE 145" captionStartId="53.[151,255,2011,2035]" captionTargetBox="[316,1281,338,1980]" captionTargetId="figure-71@53.[306,1281,338,1990]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURE 145. Distribution of P. bruchianus,, P. convexicollis, P. hepaticus and P. politus in southern South America." pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 145</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC4104FFA08C0D5DF57A89FD5150A6" blockId="44.[151,1437,152,1484]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="B9379D16FFA08C0D5DF57A89FEF950DD" bold="true" box="[197,337,898,924]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Bionomics.</emphasis>
According to
<bibRefCitation id="EFD23CF5FFA08C0D5F307A89FD6950DD" author="Smetana, A." box="[512,705,898,924]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 946" refId="ref52003" refString="Smetana, A. (1995) Rove beetles of the subtribe Philonthina of America north of Mexico (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae): Classification, phylogeny and taxonomic revision. Memoirs on Entomology, International, 3, 1 - 946." type="journal article" year="1995">Smetana (1995)</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C433A87FFA08C0D5FFF7A89FC0250DA" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[719,938,898,923]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Philonthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="politus">
<emphasis id="B9379D16FFA08C0D5FFF7A89FC0250DA" box="[719,938,898,923]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Philonthus politus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is found in all kinds of decaying organic matter and in habitats associated with human settlements. According to collecting data, it may be found in
<taxonomicName id="4C433A87FFA08C0D5DA77AC6FEB650A7" box="[151,286,973,998]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nothofagaceae" genus="Nothofagus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9379D16FFA08C0D5DA77AC6FEB650A7" box="[151,286,973,998]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Nothofagus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
forests and collected from carrion traps.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C359128FFFA08C0D5DF57AF9FB83568D" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BFC4104FFA08C0D5DF57AF9FABA5716" blockId="44.[151,1437,152,1484]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="B9379D16FFA08C0D5DF57AF9FED4574D" bold="true" box="[197,380,1010,1036]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<typeStatus id="54F8FFA6FFA08C0D5DF57AF9FEAA574D" box="[197,258,1010,1036]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Type</typeStatus>
material.
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD23CF5FFA08C0D5CB47AF9FD2A574D" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[388,642,1010,1036]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" refId="ref50645" refString="Linnaeus, C. v. (1758) Systema naturae, per regna tria naturae, secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. vol. 1. ed. 10. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae &quot; = Stockholm &quot;, 824 pp." type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus (1758: 422)</bibRefCitation>
described the species from specimens from Europa. I was not able to see the original material but there is little doubt that this species, as interpreted later by other authors (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD23CF5FFA08C0D5DAF7D36FEE35716" author="Smetana, A." box="[159,331,1085,1111]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 946" refId="ref52003" refString="Smetana, A. (1995) Rove beetles of the subtribe Philonthina of America north of Mexico (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae): Classification, phylogeny and taxonomic revision. Memoirs on Entomology, International, 3, 1 - 946." type="journal article" year="1995">Smetana 1995</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFD23CF5FFA08C0D5C677D36FDE75716" author="Coiffait, H. &amp; Saiz, F." box="[343,591,1085,1111]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="339 - 468" refId="ref48780" refString="Coiffait, H. &amp; Saiz, F. (1968) Les Staphylinidae (sensu lato) du Chili. In: Delamare Deboutteville, C. &amp; Rapoport, E. (Eds.), Biologie de l'Amerique Australe. Etudes sur la faune du sol, 4. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, pp. 339 - 468." type="book chapter" year="1968">Coiffait &amp; Sáiz 1968</bibRefCitation>
; Schillhammer 2000) is the species that Linnaeus described.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC4104FFA08C0D5DF57D69FC22573D" blockId="44.[151,1437,152,1484]" box="[197,906,1122,1148]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="B9379D16FFA08C0D5DF57D69FE6D573D" bold="true" box="[197,453,1122,1148]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Additional material:</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="9D458A8DFFA08C0D5CFC7D69FDC3573D" box="[460,619,1122,1148]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="generic">34 specimens</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCount id="9D458A8DFFA08C0D5F4B7D69FD1D5737" box="[635,693,1122,1148]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="male">10 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D458A8DFFA08C0D5FF37D69FD545737" box="[707,764,1122,1148]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="female">15 ♀</specimenCount>
, 9 unsexed)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC4104FFA08C0D5DF57D8CFB83568D" blockId="44.[151,1437,152,1484]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="B9379D16FFA08C0D5DF57D8CFE3457E0" bold="true" box="[197,412,1159,1185]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<collectingCountry id="F3540194FFA08C0D5DF57D8CFE8357E0" box="[197,299,1159,1185]" name="Chile" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">CHILE</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="49878FE6FFA08C0D5C097D8CFE3F57E0" box="[313,407,1159,1185]" country="Chile" name="Cautin" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Cautín</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
P.N. Conguillio,
<quantity id="4CBBECE1FFA08C0D5F477D83FD6B57E3" box="[631,707,1160,1186]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="km" value="1.5">1.5km</quantity>
Laguna Captren,
<date id="FFFD67C4FFA08C0D5E937D83FB9457E3" box="[931,1084,1160,1186]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" value="1996-12-23">23.XII.1996</date>
–
<date id="FFFD67C4FFA08C0D597E7D83FB1357E3" box="[1102,1211,1160,1186]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" value="1997-02-05">5.II.1997</date>
, A. Newton &amp; M. Thayer,
<quantity id="4CBBECE1FFA08C0D5DC77DA6FEE45786" box="[247,332,1197,1223]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.365" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="m" value="1365.0">1365m</quantity>
, carrion trap (squid),
<taxonomicName id="4C433A87FFA08C0D5F787DA6FC875787" box="[584,815,1197,1222]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nothofagaceae" genus="Nothofagus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="obliqua">
<emphasis id="B9379D16FFA08C0D5F787DA6FC875787" box="[584,815,1197,1222]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Nothofagus obliqua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&amp;
<emphasis id="B9379D16FFA08C0D5E657DA6FC085787" box="[853,928,1197,1222]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">alpina</emphasis>
with
<taxonomicName id="4C433A87FFA08C0D5ED37DA6FBF05787" authorityName="Kunth" authorityYear="1822" box="[995,1112,1197,1222]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Chusquea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9379D16FFA08C0D5ED37DA6FBF05787" box="[995,1112,1197,1222]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Chusquea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
understory,
<specimenCount id="9D458A8DFFA08C0D59D87DA6FAB15781" box="[1256,1305,1196,1223]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED52D9C1FFA08C0D58047DA6FA275786" box="[1332,1423,1197,1223]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" name="Field Museum of Natural History" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="Museum">FMNH</collectionCode>
).
<emphasis id="B9379D16FFA08C0D5DA77DD9FF5F57AD" bold="true" box="[151,247,1234,1260]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<collectingRegion id="49878FE6FFA08C0D5DA77DD9FF5A57AD" box="[151,242,1234,1260]" country="Chile" name="Curico" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Curicó</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
Romeral, 18.IX.65,
<taxonomicName id="4C433A87FFA08C0D5CDB7DD8FC3057AD" authority="Det. F. Saiz 1970" authorityName="Det. F. Saiz" authorityYear="1970" box="[491,920,1234,1260]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Philonthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="politus">
<emphasis id="B9379D16FFA08C0D5CDB7DD8FD6957AD" box="[491,705,1235,1260]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Philonthus politus</emphasis>
Det. F. Saiz 1970
</taxonomicName>
,
<specimenCount id="9D458A8DFFA08C0D5E957DD9FB8357AD" box="[933,1067,1234,1260]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
(C. Sáiz).
<emphasis id="B9379D16FFA08C0D599B7DD9FA8957AD" bold="true" box="[1195,1313,1234,1260]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<collectingRegion id="49878FE6FFA08C0D599B7DD9FAB557AD" box="[1195,1309,1234,1260]" country="Chile" name="Region Metropolitana" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Santiago</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
<date id="FFFD67C4FFA08C0D581A7DD9FA3F57AD" box="[1322,1431,1234,1260]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" value="1978-12">XII.1978</date>
, L. E. Peña leg., ex series at Carnegie Museum, N. H. Field Mus. Nat. Hist.,
<specimenCount id="9D458A8DFFA08C0D59287DF3FBEB564A" box="[1048,1091,1271,1298]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="male">2 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D458A8DFFA08C0D59627DF3FBD5564A" box="[1106,1149,1271,1298]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED52D9C1FFA08C0D59BC7DF3FB4F5653" box="[1164,1255,1272,1298]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" name="Field Museum of Natural History" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="Museum">FMNH</collectionCode>
); 12.10.69,
<specimenCount id="9D458A8DFFA08C0D58427DF3FA35564A" box="[1394,1437,1271,1298]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED52D9C1FFA08C0D5DAF7C16FEAA5676" box="[159,258,1309,1335]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">MNHN</collectionCode>
).
<emphasis id="B9379D16FFA08C0D5C277C16FECE5676" bold="true" box="[279,358,1309,1335]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<collectingRegion id="49878FE6FFA08C0D5C277C16FEC95676" box="[279,353,1309,1335]" country="Chile" name="Talca" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Talca</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
Area de Proteccion Vilches, near tree nursery,
<date id="FFFD67C4FFA08C0D5E987C16FB975676" box="[936,1087,1309,1335]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" value="1996-12-18">18.XII.1996</date>
–
<date id="FFFD67C4FFA08C0D59617C16FB165676" box="[1105,1214,1309,1335]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" value="1997-02-08">8.II.1997</date>
, A. Newton &amp; M. Thayer,
<quantity id="4CBBECE1FFA08C0D5DCC7C49FEFA561D" box="[252,338,1346,1372]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.18" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="m" value="1180.0">1180m</quantity>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE7727C3FFA08C0D5C6F7C49FE5F561D" box="[351,503,1346,1372]" degrees="35" direction="south" minutes="36.39" orientation="latitude" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" precision="9" value="-35.6065">35° 36.39' S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE7727C3FFA08C0D5F367C49FD37561D" box="[518,671,1346,1372]" degrees="71" direction="west" minutes="04.34" orientation="longitude" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" precision="9" value="-71.072334">71° 04.34'W</geoCoordinate>
, carrion trap (squid), FMHD 96-216,
<taxonomicName id="4C433A87FFA08C0D595F7C48FA9D561D" box="[1135,1333,1346,1372]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nothofagaceae" genus="Nothofagus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B9379D16FFA08C0D595F7C48FB52561D" box="[1135,1274,1347,1372]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Nothofagus</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
&amp; other forest, low shrubby,
<specimenCount id="9D458A8DFFA08C0D5CBF7C63FE13563A" box="[399,443,1383,1410]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D458A8DFFA08C0D5CFA7C63FE5E563A" box="[458,502,1383,1410]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED52D9C1FFA08C0D5F367C63FDCB56C3" box="[518,611,1384,1410]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" name="Field Museum of Natural History" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="Museum">FMNH</collectionCode>
).
<emphasis id="B9379D16FFA08C0D5F477C6CFD4256C0" bold="true" box="[631,746,1383,1409]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<collectingRegion id="49878FE6FFA08C0D5F477C6CFD4D56C0" box="[631,741,1383,1409]" country="Chile" name="Valdivia" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Valdivia</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
<date id="FFFD67C4FFA08C0D5FC37C63FC3656C3" box="[755,926,1384,1410]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" value="1976-06-20">June 20, 1976</date>
, Ernesto Krahmer,
<specimenCount id="9D458A8DFFA08C0D59B87C63FAB456C3" box="[1160,1308,1384,1410]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="generic">8 specimens</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED52D9C1FFA08C0D581D7C63FA2756C3" box="[1325,1423,1384,1410]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">AMNH</collectionCode>
);
<date id="FFFD67C4FFA08C0D5DA77C86FEAE56E6" box="[151,262,1421,1447]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" value="1976-10-08">8.X.1976</date>
, L. E. Peña, Field Mus. Nat. Hist.,
<specimenCount id="9D458A8DFFA08C0D5F987C86FD7B56E1" box="[680,723,1420,1447]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="male">7 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D458A8DFFA08C0D5FD27C86FCB456E1" box="[738,796,1420,1447]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="female">10 ♀</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED52D9C1FFA08C0D5E1B7C86FC2E56E6" box="[811,902,1421,1447]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" name="Field Museum of Natural History" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="Museum">FMNH</collectionCode>
); Puerto Fuy,
<date id="FFFD67C4FFA08C0D591B7C86FB1656E6" box="[1067,1214,1421,1447]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" value="1984-12-16">16.XII.1984</date>
–
<date id="FFFD67C4FFA08C0D59FF7C86FAEC56E6" box="[1231,1348,1421,1447]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" value="1985-02-11">11.II.1985</date>
, S &amp; J. Peck,
<quantity id="4CBBECE1FFA08C0D5DEE7CB9FE8C568D" box="[222,292,1458,1484]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="m" value="800.0">800m</quantity>
, FMHD #85-33, carrion trap, Field Mus. Nat. Hist.,
<specimenCount id="9D458A8DFFA08C0D5EBA7CB9FC1C5687" box="[906,948,1458,1484]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED52D9C1FFA08C0D5EF37CB9FBB6568D" box="[963,1054,1458,1484]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" name="Field Museum of Natural History" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="Museum">FMNH</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>