treatments-xml/data/D4/40/8F/D4408FBD95D6539EB53DEEB31E4E1E80.xml
2024-06-21 12:53:07 +02:00

234 lines
22 KiB
XML

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.990.55542" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1cede2a7-3880-480c-8401-1015e5440145" ID-PMC="PMC7674391" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-990-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="9F51F78CD53F5005A305DE65494002C4" ID-PubMed="33269011" ID-ZooBank="7B73642C278D40F89091B26213C9A704" ModsDocID="1313-2970-990-1" checkinTime="1605112396458" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Shimizu, So, Broad, Gavin R. &amp; Maeto, Kaoru" docDate="2020" docId="D4408FBD95D6539EB53DEEB31E4E1E80" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 990: 1-144" docOrigin="ZooKeys 990" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.990.55542" docTitle="Enicospilus riukiuensis" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="9F51F78CD53F5005A305DE65494002C4" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="9F51F78CD53F5005A305DE65494002C4" masterDocTitle="Integrative taxonomy and analysis of species richness patterns of nocturnal Darwin wasps of the genus Enicospilus Stephens (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Ophioninae) in Japan" masterLastPageNumber="144" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668169845364" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Integrative taxonomy and analysis of species richness patterns of nocturnal Darwin wasps of the genus Enicospilus Stephens (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Ophioninae) in Japan</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Shimizu, So</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Laboratory of Insect Biodiversity and Ecosystem Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokkodaicho 1 - 1, Nada, Kobe, Hyogo 657 - 8501, Japan &amp; DC and Overseas Challenge Program for Young Researchers, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan &amp; Depertment of Life Sciences, the Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5202-4552</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">parasitoidwasp.sou@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Broad, Gavin R.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Depertment of Life Sciences, the Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7223-5333</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Maeto, Kaoru</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Laboratory of Insect Biodiversity and Ecosystem Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokkodaicho 1 - 1, Nada, Kobe, Hyogo 657 - 8501, Japan</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>990</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>144</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.990.55542</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.990.55542</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-990-1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">7B73642C278D40F89091B26213C9A704</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">9F51F78CD53F5005A305DE65494002C4</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="170296362" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D4408FBD95D6539EB53DEEB31E4E1E80" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D4408FBD95D6539EB53DEEB31E4E1E80" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName LSID="D4408FBD-95D6-539E-B53D-EEB31E4E1E80" authority="(Matsumura &amp; Uchida, 1926)" baseAuthorityName="Matsumura &amp; Uchida" baseAuthorityYear="1926" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Enicospilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Enicospilus riukiuensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="riukiuensis">Enicospilus riukiuensis (Matsumura &amp; Uchida, 1926)</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 40" captionStartId="F40" captionText="Figure 40. Enicospilus riukiuensis (Matsumura &amp; Uchida, 1926) ♀ from Japan A habitus B head, frontal view C head, dorsal view D head, lateral view E mesosoma, lateral view F central part of fore wing." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.990.55542.figure40" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/473806" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 40</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Henicospilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Henicospilus riukiuensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="riukiuensis">Henicospilus riukiuensis</taxonomicName>
Matsumura and Uchida, 1926: 71; HT ♂ from
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ryûkyûs">Ryukyus</normalizedToken>
, SEHU, examined.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Chiu" authorityYear="1954" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Enicospilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Enicospilus nasutus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nasutus">Enicospilus nasutus</taxonomicName>
Chiu, 1954: 65; HT ♀ from Taiwan, TARI, examined; synonymised by
<bibRefCitation author="Gauld, ID" journalOrPublisher="CAB: Slough / Commonwealth Institute of Entomology, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B41" refString="Gauld, ID, Mitchell, PA, 1981. The taxonomy, distribution and host preferences of Indo-Papuan parasitic wasps of the subfamily Ophioninae. CAB: Slough / Commonwealth Institute of Entomology, London" title="The taxonomy, distribution and host preferences of Indo-Papuan parasitic wasps of the subfamily Ophioninae." year="1981">Gauld and Mitchell (1981</bibRefCitation>
: 278).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gauld &amp; Mitchell" authorityYear="1978" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Enicospilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Enicospilus vontalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vontalis">Enicospilus vontalis</taxonomicName>
Gauld and Mitchell, 1978: 125; HT ♀ from Madagascar, MNHN, not examined; synonymised by
<bibRefCitation author="Gauld, ID" journalOrPublisher="CAB: Slough / Commonwealth Institute of Entomology, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B41" refString="Gauld, ID, Mitchell, PA, 1981. The taxonomy, distribution and host preferences of Indo-Papuan parasitic wasps of the subfamily Ophioninae. CAB: Slough / Commonwealth Institute of Entomology, London" title="The taxonomy, distribution and host preferences of Indo-Papuan parasitic wasps of the subfamily Ophioninae." year="1981">Gauld and Mitchell (1981</bibRefCitation>
: 278).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Total of 29 specimens (20♀♀7♂♂ and 2 unsexed): Indonesia (1♀), Japan (16♀♀5♂♂ and 1 unsexed), Madagascar (1 unsexed), Malaysia (2♀♀), Taiwan (1♀2♂♂).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Type series: HT ♂ of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Henicospilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Henicospilus riukiuensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="riukiuensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Henicospilus riukiuensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Matsumura &amp; Uchida, 1926, Okinawa,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ryûkyûs">Ryukyus</normalizedToken>
, JAPAN, Sakaguchi leg. (SEHU); HT ♀ of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Chiu" authorityYear="1954" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Enicospilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Enicospilus nasutus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nasutus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Enicospilus nasutus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Chiu, 1954, Kanshirei, Tainan, TAIWAN, 9.XI.1926, S. Toyota leg. (TARI); AT ♂ of
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. nasutus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="nasutus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. nasutus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, Kuraru [= Kueitzuchiao in Hengchun, Kenting National Park], TAIWAN, 31.VII.1931, T. Shiraki leg. (TARI); PT of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gauld &amp; Mitchell" authorityYear="1978" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Enicospilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Enicospilus vontalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vontalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Enicospilus vontalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Gauld &amp; Mitchell, 1978, unsexed, Bekily, Madagascar, VI.1936, A. Seyrig leg. (NHMUK).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Afrotropical, Australasian, Eastern Palaearctic, Oceanic and Oriental regions (
<bibRefCitation author="Yu, DSK" journalOrPublisher="Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="www.taxapad.com" refId="B199" refString="Yu, DSK, van Achterberg, C, Horstmann, K, 2016. Taxapad 2016, Ichneumonoidea 2015 Database on flash-drive. Nepean, Ontario, Canada. www.taxapad.com" title="Taxapad 2016, Ichneumonoidea 2015 Database on flash-drive. Nepean, Ontario, Canada." url="www.taxapad.com" year="2016">Yu et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
). This is a widely distributed species in tropical to temperate regions of the Old World.
<bibRefCitation author="Gauld, ID" journalOrPublisher="CAB: Slough / Commonwealth Institute of Entomology, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B41" refString="Gauld, ID, Mitchell, PA, 1981. The taxonomy, distribution and host preferences of Indo-Papuan parasitic wasps of the subfamily Ophioninae. CAB: Slough / Commonwealth Institute of Entomology, London" title="The taxonomy, distribution and host preferences of Indo-Papuan parasitic wasps of the subfamily Ophioninae." year="1981">Gauld and Mitchell (1981)</bibRefCitation>
thought that the presence of
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. riukiuensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="riukiuensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. riukiuensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the Afrotropical region (Madagascar) resulted from human trans-Indian Ocean trade, although there is no reliable evidence to support or refute this hypothesis.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Newly recorded from Indonesia.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
JAPAN: [
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kantô-Kôshin">Kanto-Koshin</normalizedToken>
] Tochigi (
<bibRefCitation author="Katayama, E" journalOrPublisher="Insect" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="16 - 22" refId="B63" refString="Katayama, E, Watanabe, K, Shimizu, S, 2016. Additional records of Ichneumonidae in Tochigi Prefecture, Japan. Insect 67: 16 - 22" title="Additional records of Ichneumonidae in Tochigi Prefecture, Japan." volume="67" year="2016">Katayama et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
) and Kanagawa*; [
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tôkai">Tokai</normalizedToken>
] Gifu* and Mie*; [Kinki]
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kyôto">Kyoto</normalizedToken>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Chiu, SC" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 79" refId="B18" refString="Chiu, SC, 1954. On some Enicospilus -species from the Orient (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). Bulletin of the Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute 13: 1 - 79" title="On some Enicospilus - species from the Orient (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)." volume="13" year="1954">Chiu 1954</bibRefCitation>
; present study),
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hyôgo">Hyogo</normalizedToken>
*, and Wakayama*; [
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chûgoku">Chugoku</normalizedToken>
] Shimane (
<bibRefCitation author="Konishi, K" journalOrPublisher="Miscellaneous Reports of the Hiwa Museum for Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="151 - 154" refId="B74" refString="Konishi, K, Nakamura, S, 2002. Distributional notes on the Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera) from Hiroshima prefecture (2). Miscellaneous Reports of the Hiwa Museum for Natural History 41: 151 - 154" title="Distributional notes on the Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera) from Hiroshima prefecture (2)." volume="41" year="2002">Konishi and Nakamura 2002</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Konishi, K" journalOrPublisher="Miscellaneous Reports of the Hiwa Museum for Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="227 - 235" refId="B76" refString="Konishi, K, Nakamura, S, 2010. Distributional notes on the Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera) from Hiroshima prefecture IV. Miscellaneous Reports of the Hiwa Museum for Natural History 51: 227 - 235" title="Distributional notes on the Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera) from Hiroshima prefecture IV." volume="51" year="2010">2010</bibRefCitation>
; present study) and Hiroshima (
<bibRefCitation author="Konishi, K" journalOrPublisher="Miscellaneous Reports of the Hiwa Museum for Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="229 - 239" refId="B75" refString="Konishi, K, Nakamura, S, 2005. Distributional notes on the Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera) from Hiroshima prefecture III. Miscellaneous Reports of the Hiwa Museum for Natural History 44: 229 - 239" title="Distributional notes on the Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera) from Hiroshima prefecture III." volume="44" year="2005">Konishi and Nakamura 2005</bibRefCitation>
; present study); [Shikoku]
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kôchi">Kochi</normalizedToken>
*; [
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kyûshû">Kyushu</normalizedToken>
] Fukuoka (
<bibRefCitation author="Chiu, SC" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 79" refId="B18" refString="Chiu, SC, 1954. On some Enicospilus -species from the Orient (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). Bulletin of the Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute 13: 1 - 79" title="On some Enicospilus - species from the Orient (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)." volume="13" year="1954">Chiu 1954</bibRefCitation>
; present study), Nagasaki* and Kagoshima*; [
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ryûkyûs">Ryukyus</normalizedToken>
] Okinawa (
<bibRefCitation author="Matsumura, S" journalOrPublisher="Insecta matsumurana" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="63 - 77" refId="B94" refString="Matsumura, S, Uchida, T, 1926. Die Hymenopteran-Fauna von den Riukiu-Inseln. Insecta matsumurana 1: 63 - 77" title="Die Hymenopteran-Fauna von den Riukiu-Inseln." volume="1" year="1926">Matsumura and Uchida 1926</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Uchida, T" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="177 - 297" refId="B180" refString="Uchida, T, 1928. Zweiter Beitrag zur Ichneumoniden-Fauna Japans. Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University 21: 177 - 297" title="Zweiter Beitrag zur Ichneumoniden-Fauna Japans." volume="21" year="1928">Uchida 1928</bibRefCitation>
; present study). *New records.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="bionomics">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Bionomics.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Unknown.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="differential diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Differential diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
This species is one of the most easily identified
<taxonomicName authorityName="Stephens" authorityYear="1835" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Enicospilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Enicospilus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Enicospilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species based on the following character states: clypeus nasute (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 40" captionStartId="F40" captionText="Figure 40. Enicospilus riukiuensis (Matsumura &amp; Uchida, 1926) ♀ from Japan A habitus B head, frontal view C head, dorsal view D head, lateral view E mesosoma, lateral view F central part of fore wing." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.990.55542.figure40" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/473806" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">40B, D</figureCitation>
); mandible evenly tapered, rather short and stout, with upper tooth as long as lower (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 40" captionStartId="F40" captionText="Figure 40. Enicospilus riukiuensis (Matsumura &amp; Uchida, 1926) ♀ from Japan A habitus B head, frontal view C head, dorsal view D head, lateral view E mesosoma, lateral view F central part of fore wing." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.990.55542.figure40" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/473806" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">40B, D</figureCitation>
); proximal and central sclerites strongly sclerotised (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 40" captionStartId="F40" captionText="Figure 40. Enicospilus riukiuensis (Matsumura &amp; Uchida, 1926) ♀ from Japan A habitus B head, frontal view C head, dorsal view D head, lateral view E mesosoma, lateral view F central part of fore wing." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.990.55542.figure40" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/473806" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">40F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The central sclerite of the Madagascan specimens is smaller than others. The colour of the interocellar area is usually a useful character for identification of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Stephens" authorityYear="1835" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Enicospilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Enicospilus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Enicospilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, however, the interocellar area varies considerably in colour in
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. riukiuensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="riukiuensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. riukiuensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The nasute clypeus of
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. riukiuensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="riukiuensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. riukiuensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is unique among the described
<taxonomicName authorityName="Shuckard" authorityYear="1840" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ophioninae">Ophioninae</taxonomicName>
, although a similar clypeus is also known in other
<taxonomicName authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" family="Ichneumonidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="family">Ichneumonidae</taxonomicName>
, such as
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cushman" authorityYear="1919" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Zagryphus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zagryphus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Zagryphus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Cushman, 1919 of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Shuckard" authorityYear="1840" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Tryphoninae">Tryphoninae</taxonomicName>
, but its function is unknown. In addition, some undescribed Oriental
<taxonomicName authorityName="Stephens" authorityYear="1835" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Enicospilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Enicospilus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Enicospilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species have a similar clypeus and mandible.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.990.55542.figure40" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/473806" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 40" startId="F40">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 40.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Matsumura &amp; Uchida" baseAuthorityYear="1926" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Enicospilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Enicospilus riukiuensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="riukiuensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Enicospilus riukiuensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Matsumura &amp; Uchida, 1926) ♀ from Japan
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
habitus
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
head, frontal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
head, dorsal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
head, lateral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
mesosoma, lateral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
central part of fore wing.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>