335 lines
39 KiB
XML
335 lines
39 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.543.6050" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5b2a81dd-d9c7-4fb8-b370-de5ccd8e868d" ID-PMC="PMC4714327" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-543-1" ID-PubMed="26798286" ID-ZBK="4E2375F0A3824F3CB7A4DCC5148A67B0" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2015" ModsDocID="1313-2970-543-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 543" ModsDocTitle="Introduced Pheidole of the world: taxonomy, biology and distribution" checkinTime="1451243644414" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Sarnat, Eli M., Fischer, Georg, Guenard, Benoit & Economo, Evan P." docDate="2015" docId="CC7B768F847F396BDA90C282D57D4088" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 543: 1-109" docOrigin="ZooKeys 543" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.543.6050" docTitle="Pheidole noda F. Smith" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="43" masterDocId="FFA8D443FFA05A6960070473FFDEFF83" masterDocTitle="Introduced Pheidole of the world: taxonomy, biology and distribution" masterLastPageNumber="109" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="40" updateTime="1668162291239" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Introduced Pheidole of the world: taxonomy, biology and distribution</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Sarnat, Eli M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Fischer, Georg</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Guenard, Benoit</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Economo, Evan P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>543</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>109</mods:end>
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</mods:part>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.543.6050</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.543.6050</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-543-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">4E2375F0A3824F3CB7A4DCC5148A67B0</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127872342" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CC7B768F847F396BDA90C282D57D4088" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CC7B768F847F396BDA90C282D57D4088" lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
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<subSubSection pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="multiple">
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<paragraph pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="39" pageNumber="40" start="start">Taxon</pageBreakToken>
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classification Animalia Hymenoptera Formicidae
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
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<taxonomicName authority="F. Smith" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole noda" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="noda">Pheidole noda F. Smith</taxonomicName>
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Figs 81, 88i
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="40" pageNumber="41" start="start">Pheidole</pageBreakToken>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName lsidName="noda" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" rank="species" species="noda">noda</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole nodus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nodus">Pheidole nodus</taxonomicName>
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Smith, F. 1874: 407 (s.) JAPAN, Hyogo.
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<bibRefCitation author="Forel, A" journalOrPublisher="Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gessellschaft or Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique Suisse" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="267 - 287" title="Fourmis du Japon. Nids en toile. Strongylognathus Huberi et voisins. Fourmiliere triple. Cyphomyrmex Wheeleri. Fourmis importees." volume="10" year="1900">Forel 1900</bibRefCitation>
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: 268 (w.); Wheeler, W.M. 1906: 309 (q.);
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<bibRefCitation author="Ogata, K" journalOrPublisher="Kontyu, Tokyo" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" pagination="189 - 197" title="Taxonomic study of the ant genus Pheidole Westwood of Japan, with a description of a new species (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)." volume="50" year="1982">Ogata 1982</bibRefCitation>
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: 196 (m.); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1953: 75 (l.).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pheidole</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName lsidName="rhombinoda" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" rank="species" species="rhombinoda">rhombinoda</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole rhombinoda" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhombinoda">Pheidole rhombinoda</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Mayr, G" journalOrPublisher="Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koeniglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="645 - 686" title="Beitraege zur Ameisen-Fauna Asiens." volume="28" year="1879">Mayr 1879</bibRefCitation>
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: 678 (s.) INDIA, Calcutta [NHMW].
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<bibRefCitation author="Bingham, CT" journalOrPublisher="Taylor and Francis, London" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" title="The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Hymenoptera, Vol. II. Ants and Cuckoo-wasps." year="1903">Bingham 1903</bibRefCitation>
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: 251 (q.). Subspecies of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="noda" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" rank="species" species="noda">noda</taxonomicName>
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: Wheeler, W.M. 1929: 3; Santschi, 1937: 371. Junior synonym of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="noda" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" rank="species" species="noda">noda</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation author="Yasumatsu, K" journalOrPublisher="Mushi" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" pagination="93 - 97" title="Notes on synonymies of five ants widely spread in the Orient (Hym.: Formicidae)." volume="36" year="1962">Yasumatsu 1962</bibRefCitation>
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: 96. [Misspelled as
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<taxonomicName lsidName="rhomboida" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" rank="species" species="rhomboida">rhomboida</taxonomicName>
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by
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<bibRefCitation author="Santschi, F" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de la Societe Vaudoise des Sciences Naturelles" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" pagination="81 - 96" title="Contribution a la faune myrmecologique de la Chine." volume="56" year="1925">Santschi 1925</bibRefCitation>
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: 83.]
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pheidole</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName lsidName="micantiventris" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" rank="species" species="micantiventris">micantiventris</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="var." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole rhombinoda var. micantiventris" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="rhombinoda" variety="micantiventris">Pheidole rhombinoda var. micantiventris</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Mayr, G" journalOrPublisher="Termeszetrajzi Fuezetek" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="420 - 436" title="Formiciden aus Ceylon und Singapur." volume="20" year="1897">Mayr 1897</bibRefCitation>
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: 427 (s.) SRI LANKA. Junior synonym of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="noda" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" rank="species" species="noda">noda</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation author="Yasumatsu, K" journalOrPublisher="Mushi" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" pagination="93 - 97" title="Notes on synonymies of five ants widely spread in the Orient (Hym.: Formicidae)." volume="36" year="1962">Yasumatsu 1962</bibRefCitation>
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: 96.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pheidole</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName lsidName="taprobanae" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" rank="species" species="taprobanae">taprobanae</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="var." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole rhombinoda var. taprobanae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="rhombinoda" variety="taprobanae">Pheidole rhombinoda var. taprobanae</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Forel, A" journalOrPublisher="Revue Suisse de Zoologie" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="165 - 249" title="Myrmicinae nouveaux de l'Inde et de Ceylan." url="10.5962/bhl.part.13792" volume="10" year="1902 c">Forel 1902c</bibRefCitation>
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: 178 (s.), 195 (w.) SRI LANKA (Yerbury) [MHNG]. [Unresolved junior primary homonym of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="taprobanae" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" rank="species" species="taprobanae">taprobanae</taxonomicName>
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Smith, F. 1858: 175.] [Also described as new by
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<bibRefCitation author="Forel, A" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="520 - 546" title="Les Formicides de l'Empire des Indes et de Ceylan. Part IX." volume="14" year="1902 b">Forel 1902b</bibRefCitation>
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: 544.] Subspecies of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="rhombinoda" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" rank="species" species="rhombinoda">rhombinoda</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation author="Forel, A" journalOrPublisher="Revue Suisse de Zoologie" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="659 - 673" title="Quelques fourmis des Indes, du Japon et d'Afrique." url="10.5962/bhl.part.37159" volume="21" year="1913 b">Forel 1913b</bibRefCitation>
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: 662; of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="noda" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" rank="species" species="noda">noda</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation author="Santschi, F" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin et Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique (Bruxelles)" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" pagination="361 - 388" title="Fourmis du Japon et de Formose." volume="77" year="1937">Santschi 1937</bibRefCitation>
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: 371. Junior synonym of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="noda" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" rank="species" species="noda">noda</taxonomicName>
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, lectotype designated:
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<bibRefCitation author="Eguchi, K" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="1 - 118" title="A revision of Northern Vietnamese species of the ant genus Pheidole (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae)." volume="1902" year="2008">Eguchi 2008</bibRefCitation>
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: 59.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pheidole</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName lsidName="treubi" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" rank="species" species="treubi">treubi</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole treubi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="treubi">Pheidole treubi</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Forel, A" journalOrPublisher="Mitteilungen aus dem Naturhistorischen Museum in Hamburg" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="1 - 26" title="Ameisen aus Java. Gesammelt von Prof. Karl Kraepelin 1904." volume="22" year="1905 a">Forel 1905a</bibRefCitation>
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: 19 (s.q.) INDONESIA, Bogor [Buitenzorg], Java [MHNG]. Junior synonym of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="noda" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" rank="species" species="noda">noda</taxonomicName>
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, lectotype (s.) designated:
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<bibRefCitation author="Eguchi, K" journalOrPublisher="Insecta Koreana" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="1 - 35" title="A taxonomic study on Asian Pheidole (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): New synonymy, rank changes, lectotype designations and redescriptions." volume="18" year="2001 b">Eguchi 2001b</bibRefCitation>
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: 18.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pheidole</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName lsidName="stella" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" rank="species" species="stella">stella</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="subsp." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole rhombinoda" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subspecies" species="rhombinoda" subspecies="stella">Pheidole rhombinoda subsp. stella</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Forel, A" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de la Societe Vaudoise des Sciences Naturelles" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="331 - 400" title="Fourmis nouvelles ou interessantes." volume="47" year="1911 c">Forel 1911c</bibRefCitation>
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: 380 (s.) INDIA, Sikkim, Himalaya, 1200 m [MHNG]. Subspecies of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="noda" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" rank="species" species="noda">noda</taxonomicName>
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: Wheeler, W.M. 1929f: 3. Junior synonym of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="noda" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" rank="species" species="noda">noda</taxonomicName>
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, lectotype (s.) designated:
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<bibRefCitation author="Eguchi, K" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="1 - 118" title="A revision of Northern Vietnamese species of the ant genus Pheidole (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae)." volume="1902" year="2008">Eguchi 2008</bibRefCitation>
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: 59.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pheidole</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName lsidName="formosensis" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" rank="species" species="formosensis">formosensis</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="var." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole rhombinoda var. formosensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="rhombinoda" variety="formosensis">Pheidole rhombinoda var. formosensis</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Forel, A" journalOrPublisher="Archiv fuer Naturgeschichte, Berlin A" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="183 - 202" title="H. Sauter's Formosa-Ausbeute: Formicidae II." volume="79" year="1913 a">Forel 1913a</bibRefCitation>
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: 193 (s.w.q.m.) TAIWAN, Kankau, [MHNG] (H. Sauter). Subspecies of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="noda" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" rank="species" species="noda">noda</taxonomicName>
|
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:
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<bibRefCitation author="Santschi, F" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin et Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique (Bruxelles)" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" pagination="361 - 388" title="Fourmis du Japon et de Formose." volume="77" year="1937">Santschi 1937</bibRefCitation>
|
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: 370. Junior synonym of
|
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<taxonomicName lsidName="noda" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" rank="species" species="noda">noda</taxonomicName>
|
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:
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<bibRefCitation author="Eguchi, K" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="1 - 118" title="A revision of Northern Vietnamese species of the ant genus Pheidole (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae)." volume="1902" year="2008">Eguchi 2008</bibRefCitation>
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: 59.
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</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pheidole</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName lsidName="praevexata" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" rank="species" species="praevexata">praevexata</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="var." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole nodus var. praevexata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="nodus" variety="praevexata">Pheidole nodus var. praevexata</taxonomicName>
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Wheeler W.M. 1929: 3 (s.w.q.) JAPAN, Okayama (H. Sauter). Junior synonym of
|
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<taxonomicName lsidName="noda" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" rank="species" species="noda">noda</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
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<bibRefCitation author="Yasumatsu, K" journalOrPublisher="Mushi" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" pagination="93 - 97" title="Notes on synonymies of five ants widely spread in the Orient (Hym.: Formicidae)." volume="36" year="1962">Yasumatsu 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
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: 96.
|
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pheidole</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="var." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole nodus var. gratiosa" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="nodus" stage="rhombinoda" variety="gratiosa">Pheidole nodus st. rhombinoda var. gratiosa</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Santschi, F" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin et Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique (Bruxelles)" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" pagination="361 - 388" title="Fourmis du Japon et de Formose." volume="77" year="1937">Santschi 1937</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 371, unavailable name. Material referable to this form:
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Eguchi, K" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="1 - 118" title="A revision of Northern Vietnamese species of the ant genus Pheidole (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae)." volume="1902" year="2008">Eguchi 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 59.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pheidole</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="flebilis" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" rank="species" species="flebilis">flebilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="var." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole nodus var. flebilis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="nodus" variety="flebilis">Pheidole nodus var. flebilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Santschi, F" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin et Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique (Bruxelles)" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" pagination="361 - 388" title="Fourmis du Japon et de Formose." volume="77" year="1937">Santschi 1937</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 370 (s.w.) TAIWAN, Hori [NHMB]. Junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="noda" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" rank="species" species="noda">noda</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Eguchi, K" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="1 - 118" title="A revision of Northern Vietnamese species of the ant genus Pheidole (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae)." volume="1902" year="2008">Eguchi 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 59.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="diagnosis among introduced">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
Diagnosis among introduced
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pheidole</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
Medium to dark reddish brown. MajorHW 1.58-1.82, HL 1.69-1.91, SL 1.00-1.12, CI 93-98, SI 56-65 (n=5,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Eguchi, K" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="1 - 118" title="A revision of Northern Vietnamese species of the ant genus Pheidole (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae)." volume="1902" year="2008">Eguchi 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Head subquadrate (Fig. 7). Head rugoreticulate on posterolateral lobes and laterad of frontal carinae (Fig. 13a), but frons dominated by long, well-organized and parallel longitudinal rugae (Fig. 13b). Antennal scrobes indistinct to moderately impressed, but frontal carinae always forming a border capable of accepting the antennal scape (Fig. 13c). Promesonotum in profile with two convexities (Fig. 5), the large anterior dome in addition to a distinct mound or prominence on the posterior slope. Postpetiole forming a high dorsally bulging dome that is tallest at midpoint (Fig. 2a); ventral margin flat to very weakly convex (Fig. 2b). MinorHW 0.57-0.66, HL 0.71-0.82, SL 0.91-1.07, CI 80-82, SI 157-162 (n=5,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Eguchi, K" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="1 - 118" title="A revision of Northern Vietnamese species of the ant genus Pheidole (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae)." volume="1902" year="2008">Eguchi 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Head predominantly glossy
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="41" pageNumber="42" start="start">(</pageBreakToken>
|
||
Fig. 36), lacking punctation and or rugae above eye level. Posterior head margin strongly convex (Fig. 44). Antennal scapes long (e.g. Fig. 39), but not surpassing the posterior head margin by more than 2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
eye length. Promesonotum in profile with two convexities, the large anterior dome (Fig. 43a) in addition to a distinct prominence on the posterior slope (Fig. 43b). Petiole and postpetiole glossy to very weakly sculptured laterally (Fig. 48). Postpetiole forming a high dorsally bulging dome that is tallest at midpoint; ventral margin flat to very weakly convex (Fig. 2).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="identification, taxonomy and systematics">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Identification, taxonomy and systematics.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole noda" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="noda">Pheidole noda</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a large, long-limbed, dark colored species most easily recognized by its distinctly enlarged dome-like postpetiole. The species belongs to a clade of large-bodied species that has diversified across Indomalaya (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Economo, EP" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" title="Global phylogenetic structure of the hyperdiverse ant genus Pheidole reveals the repeated evolution of macroecological patterns." volume="282" year="2015">Economo et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Although both
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole noda" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="noda">Pheidole noda</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole megacephala" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="megacephala">Pheidole megacephala</taxonomicName>
|
||
are considered to have an enlarged postpetiole, they are very different in shape. That of the former is dome-like (Fig. 2) and that of the latter has an anteroventral bulge in addition to the posterodorsal bulge (Fig. 1). The majors of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole noda" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="noda">Pheidole noda</taxonomicName>
|
||
are easily separated from those of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole megacephala" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="megacephala">Pheidole megacephala</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the strongly sculptured face (Fig. 8 vs. Fig. 9). The minors both have glossy faces, but those of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole noda" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="noda">Pheidole noda</taxonomicName>
|
||
are larger with relatively longer antennal scapes (Fig. 39 vs. Fig. 40).
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole noda" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="noda">Pheidole noda</taxonomicName>
|
||
is occasionally confused with other Asian tramp
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pheidole</taxonomicName>
|
||
, including
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole fervens" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fervens">Pheidole fervens</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole indica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indica">Pheidole indica</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but both major and minor workers are easily separated from these by the enlarged postpetiole. Readers are referred to
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Eguchi, K" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="1 - 118" title="A revision of Northern Vietnamese species of the ant genus Pheidole (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae)." volume="1902" year="2008">Eguchi (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for characters used to separate
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole noda" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="noda">Pheidole noda</taxonomicName>
|
||
from its other Asian congeners.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="biology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Biology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
Despite being a relatively common species across its native range, little is known about the biology of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole noda" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="noda">Pheidole noda</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The species is apparently easy to keep in laboratory settings, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Yamamoto, A" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Insect Behavior" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" pagination="1 - 11" title="Fragmentation or transportation: Mode of large-prey retrieval in arboreal and ground nesting ants." url="10.1007/s10905-008-9126-3" volume="22" year="2009">Yamamoto et al. (2009)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported that they kept a colony with five dealated queens, suggesting dependent colony foundation or polygyny. The authors also noted that in Japan it nests in the ground but also forages in vegetation.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole noda" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="noda">Pheidole noda</taxonomicName>
|
||
was the most frequent visitor to extrafloral nectaries of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Mallotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Mallotus japonicus" order="Malpighiales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="japonicus">Mallotus japonicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
in an experiment conducted in Japan (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Yamawo, A" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Ecology" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" pagination="802 - 809" title="Leaf ageing promotes the shift in defence tactics in Mallotusjaponicus from direct to indirect defence." url="10.1111/j.1365-2745.2011.01934.x" volume="100" year="2012">Yamawo et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Eguchi, K" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="1 - 118" title="A revision of Northern Vietnamese species of the ant genus Pheidole (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae)." volume="1902" year="2008">Eguchi (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
observed that
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole noda" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="noda">Pheidole noda</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs from open lands to relatively developed forests, and nests in the soil, under shelters on the ground, and in rotting logs.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Eguchi, K" journalOrPublisher="New Entomologist" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="7 - 18" title="A survey on seed predation by omnivorous ants in the warm-temperate zone of Japan (Insecta, Hymenoptera, Formicidae)." volume="53" year="2004 a">Eguchi (2004a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
noted that the species takes seeds of sesame and amaranth put on the ground, and majors serve as repletes. During a recent survey in Yunnan, China, the species was found to occur in rubber tree plantations and rainforest between 550 and 1219 m (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Liu, C" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" pagination="17 - 78" title="New records of ant species from Yunnan, China." url="10.3897/zookeys.477.8775" volume="477" year="2015">Liu et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole noda" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="noda">Pheidole noda</taxonomicName>
|
||
is considered native across mainland Asia, occurring from western India east to Japan.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Forel, A" journalOrPublisher="Revue Suisse de Zoologie" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="399 - 411" title="Les fourmis des iles Andamans et Nicobares. Rapports de cette faune avec ses voisines." volume="11" year="1903">Forel (1903)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported the species from the Andaman Islands but it was not recovered during a more recent survey of the islands (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mohanraj, P" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Insect Science" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" title="Formicidae of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands (Indian Ocean: Bay Of Bengal)." url="10.1673/031.010.14132" volume="10" year="2010">Mohanraj et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). There is geographic disjunction between the mainland Asia population and the populations from the southern islands of Indonesia. The majors of the Indonesian taxon, originally described as
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole treubi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="treubi">Pheidole treubi</taxonomicName>
|
||
Forel, were considered a distinct population by (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Eguchi, K" journalOrPublisher="Insecta Koreana" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="1 - 35" title="A taxonomic study on Asian Pheidole (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): New synonymy, rank changes, lectotype designations and redescriptions." volume="18" year="2001 b">Eguchi 2001b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but conspecific with
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole noda" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="noda">Pheidole noda</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Although not included on the map, if verified, the records from the Russian Far East (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kupianskaia, AN" journalOrPublisher="Vladivostok" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" title="Murav'i (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) Dal'nego Vostoka SSSR" year="1990">Kupianskaia 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) would be the most northern extent of the native range. The dispersive capacity of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole noda" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="noda">Pheidole noda</taxonomicName>
|
||
is demonstrated by its colonization of Volcano Island (Nishino-shima Island), which is 22 ha in size and located 1,000 km south of mainland Japan. The island erupted in
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="42" pageNumber="43" start="start">1973</pageBreakToken>
|
||
, virtually eradicating all life.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole noda" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="noda">Pheidole noda</taxonomicName>
|
||
was the only ant species discovered during the 1983 survey, and was one of only two discovered during the 2004 survey (the other being
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium bicarinatum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicarinatum">Tetramorium bicarinatum</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
The only confirmed record of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole noda" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="noda">Pheidole noda</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurring outside of its putative native range is from a glasshouse in Italy (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Limonta, L" journalOrPublisher="Bollettino di Zoologia Agraria e di Bachicoltura" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" pagination="287 - 289" title="Record of Pheidolemegacephala (F.), Pheidolenodus Smith and Tetramoriumbicarinatum Nylander (HymenopteraFormicidae), tropical species, in nursery imported plants." volume="35" year="2003">Limonta and Colombo 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), where it was found together with
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole megacephala" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="megacephala">Pheidole megacephala</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium bicarinatum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicarinatum">Tetramorium bicarinatum</taxonomicName>
|
||
on nursery plants imported from Asia. The species was also found on plant material imported from Asia and intercepted at quarantine facilities in Washington and Hawaii.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="risk statement">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Risk statement.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole noda" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="noda">Pheidole noda</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not considered an agricultural, ecological or structural pest species, although it is often associated with disturbed habitats. The species is also not known to have established outdoors beyond its native range. However, perhaps because it can be easily maintained in artificial nests, colonies with laying queens listed as
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole noda" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="noda">Pheidole noda</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole noda" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="noda">Pheidole cf. noda</taxonomicName>
|
||
are available for sale from businesses advertising on the internet. The shipment of this species outside its native range to hobbyists increases its chances of accidental release into non-native habitats.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |