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<mods:title id="6DBD1C0A640CE3BCB51398062C33CDFE">Biogeography and taxonomy of Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata) from the Îles Saint- Paul and Amsterdam in the southern Indian Ocean</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="88844D345345FF8BFEA3817FFDD5FB38" ID-CoL="9BWQB" authority="(G. O. Sars, 1872)" authorityName="OHara &amp; Thuy" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="G. O. Sars" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[151,637,1148,1175]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiotomidae" genus="Ophiotreta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spectabilis" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="7DF0EAA55345FF8BFEA3817FFE36FB39" bold="true" box="[151,414,1148,1175]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Ophiotreta spectabilis</emphasis>
(G.O.
<bibRefCitation id="2B154B465345FF8BFFC7817FFDDDFB38" author="Sars, G. O." box="[499,629,1148,1174]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 31" refId="ref35602" refString="Sars, G. O. (1872) Nye Echinodermer fra den norske kyst. Videnskabelige Selskabets Forhandlinger, 1871, 1 - 31." type="journal article" year="1872">Sars, 1872</bibRefCitation>
)
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="66C357DE5345FF8BFCB1817EFCA3FB39" box="[645,779,1149,1175]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation id="D7BF2A325345FF8BFEA381A3FF40FB14" box="[151,232,1184,1210]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1918,1942]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1894]" captionTargetId="figure-26@18.[151,1436,181,1894]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 6. (A) Ophiacantha veterna, MNHN IE.2009.1562, dorsal outline. (B) MNHN IE.2009.1563, ventral view. (CE) Ophiosabine cuspidata, MNHN IE.2009.1558, C: dorsal outline, D: dorsal view, E: ventral view. (F) Ophiotreta spectabilis, MNHN IE.2009.1564, dorsal view. (GH) Ophiolimna bairdi, MNHN IE.2009.1571, G: dorsal and H: ventral views." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6404692" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6404692/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 6F</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="88844D345345FF8BFEA381E6FD92FB53" authority="Sars, 1872: 10" authorityName="Sars" authorityPageNumber="10" authorityYear="1872" box="[151,570,1253,1277]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spectabilis">
<emphasis id="7DF0EAA55345FF8BFEA381E6FE3BFB53" box="[151,403,1253,1277]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Ophiacantha spectabilis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2B154B465345FF8BFFAB81E6FD92FB53" author="Sars, G. O." box="[415,570,1253,1277]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 31" refId="ref35602" refString="Sars, G. O. (1872) Nye Echinodermer fra den norske kyst. Videnskabelige Selskabets Forhandlinger, 1871, 1 - 31." type="journal article" year="1872">Sars, 1872: 10</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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.—
<treatmentCitation id="CE2510A65345FF8BFC6C81E6FCBFFB53" author="Lyman, T." box="[600,791,1253,1277]" page="198" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" year="1882">
<bibRefCitation id="2B154B465345FF8BFC6C81E6FCBFFB53" author="Lyman, T." box="[600,791,1253,1277]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 385" refId="ref33271" refString="Lyman, T. (1882) Ophiuroidea. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of the &quot; Challenger &quot; Zoology, 5, 1 - 385 pls. 1 - 48." type="journal article" year="1882">Lyman 1882: 198</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="CE2510A65345FF8BFD0181E6FBE8FB53" author="Mortensen, T." box="[821,1088,1253,1277]" page="33" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" year="1933">
<bibRefCitation id="2B154B465345FF8BFD0181E6FBE8FB53" author="Mortensen, T." box="[821,1088,1253,1277]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 120" refId="ref34437" refString="Mortensen, T. (1933 c) Ophiuroidea. The Danish Ingolf Expedition, 4, 1 - 120, 3 pls." type="journal article" year="1933">Mortensen 1933c: 3334</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="CE2510A65345FF8BFA6981E6FA8DFB53" author="Paterson, G. L. J." box="[1117,1317,1253,1277]" page="41" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" year="1985">
<bibRefCitation id="2B154B465345FF8BFA6981E6FA8DFB53" author="Paterson, G. L. J." box="[1117,1317,1253,1277]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 162" refId="ref35334" refString="Paterson, G. L. J. (1985) The deep-sea Ophiuroidea of the North Atlantic Ocean. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology, 49, 1 - 162." type="journal article" year="1985">Paterson 1985: 41</bibRefCitation>
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, fig. 18.—
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<bibRefCitation id="2B154B465345FF8BFEF38007FDB8FAB5" author="Martynov, A. V. &amp; Litvinova, N. M." box="[199,528,1283,1308]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="76 - 111" refId="ref33866" refString="Martynov, A. V. &amp; Litvinova, N. M. (2008) Deep-water Ophiuroidea of the northern Atlantic with descriptions of three new species and taxonomic remarks on certain genera and species. Marine Biology Research, 4, 76 - 111. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 17451000701840066" type="journal article" year="2008">Martynov &amp; Litvinova 2008: 96</bibRefCitation>
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, fig. 11c.
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<taxonomicName id="88844D345345FF8BFEA38021FD8AFA94" authorityName="Sars" authorityYear="1872" box="[151,546,1314,1338]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spectabilis" subGenus="Ophiectodia">
<emphasis id="7DF0EAA55345FF8BFEA38021FD8AFA94" box="[151,546,1314,1338]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Ophiacantha (Ophiectodia) spectabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="CE2510A65345FF8BFC0B8021FD59FA94" author="Verrill, A. E." box="[575,753,1314,1338]" page="42" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" year="1899">
<bibRefCitation id="2B154B465345FF8BFC0B8021FD59FA94" author="Verrill, A. E." box="[575,753,1314,1338]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="301 - 396" refId="ref36643" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1899 a) North American Ophiuroidea. 1. Revision of certain families and genera of West Indian ophiurans. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, 10, 301 - 396. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 7032" type="journal article" year="1899">Verrill 1899a: 42</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
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</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="7DF0EAA55345FF8BFEA3806BFED1FA2C" bold="true" box="[151,377,1384,1410]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Material examined</emphasis>
.
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50 CP7,
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.2009.1564 (7).
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50 CP145,
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.2009.1565 (1).
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="7DF0EAA55345FF8BFEF3808FFEF1FA08" bold="true" box="[199,345,1420,1446]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Distribution</emphasis>
. Arctic (
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), NW Atlantic (
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), NE Atlantic (
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), S
<collectingCountry id="379376275345FF8BFAD8808FFAFBFA08" box="[1260,1363,1420,1446]" name="Australia" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Australia</collectingCountry>
(
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),
<collectingCountry id="379376275345FF8BFF3780B2FE31FA64" box="[259,409,1456,1483]" name="New Zealand" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
(
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). SPA (
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="079E653C5345FF8BFEF380D6FE0DF8D5" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="4F3B36B75345FF8BFEF380D6FD0DF90D" blockId="27.[151,1436,1384,1915]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="7DF0EAA55345FF8BFEF380D6FE9CFA41" bold="true" box="[199,308,1493,1519]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Remarks</emphasis>
. This species is easily recognised by the large oval tentacle scales (two on basal segments), the multiple (48) oral papillae, the pentagonal oral shield that is bordered distally by a fringe of small papillae, and the rod-shaped disc spines that can be terminated by small thorns (
<figureCitation id="D7BF2A325345FF8BFDBD831FFC77F999" box="[905,991,1564,1591]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1918,1942]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1894]" captionTargetId="figure-26@18.[151,1436,181,1894]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 6. (A) Ophiacantha veterna, MNHN IE.2009.1562, dorsal outline. (B) MNHN IE.2009.1563, ventral view. (CE) Ophiosabine cuspidata, MNHN IE.2009.1558, C: dorsal outline, D: dorsal view, E: ventral view. (F) Ophiotreta spectabilis, MNHN IE.2009.1564, dorsal view. (GH) Ophiolimna bairdi, MNHN IE.2009.1571, G: dorsal and H: ventral views." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6404692" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6404692/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 6F</figureCitation>
). This species has been identified as an associate (
<bibRefCitation id="2B154B465345FF8BFF398342FE4FF9F5" author="O'Hara, T. D. &amp; Rowden, A. A. &amp; Williams, A." box="[269,487,1600,1627]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="925 - 934" refId="ref35027" refString="O'Hara, T. D., Rowden, A. A. &amp; Williams, A. (2008) Cold-water coral habitats on seamounts: do they have a specialist fauna? Diversity and Distributions, 14, 925 - 934. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1472 - 4642.2008.00495. x" type="journal article" year="2008">
OHara
<emphasis id="7DF0EAA55345FF8BFF5F8342FE0DF9F4" box="[363,421,1600,1626]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">et al.</emphasis>
2008
</bibRefCitation>
) of the colonial deep-water coral
<taxonomicName id="88844D345345FF8BFD5E8343FBC7F9F4" authorityName="Duncan" authorityYear="1873" box="[874,1135,1600,1626]" class="Anthozoa" family="Caryophylliidae" genus="Solenosmilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="variabilis">
<emphasis id="7DF0EAA55345FF8BFD5E8343FBC7F9F4" box="[874,1135,1600,1626]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Solenosmilia variabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Both MD50 samples that contained
<taxonomicName id="88844D345345FF8BFF3E8366FE0BF9D0" authorityName="Sars" authorityYear="1872" box="[266,419,1636,1663]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spectabilis">
<emphasis id="7DF0EAA55345FF8BFF3E8366FE0BF9D0" box="[266,419,1636,1663]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">O. spectabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(to
<quantity id="887C9B525345FF8BFFFA8367FD8BF9D1" box="[462,547,1636,1663]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="8.5">8.5 mm</quantity>
dd) also contained
<taxonomicName id="88844D345345FF8BFCCE8366FC28F9D0" authorityName="Duncan" authorityYear="1873" box="[762,896,1636,1663]" class="Anthozoa" family="Caryophylliidae" genus="Solenosmilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="variabilis">
<emphasis id="7DF0EAA55345FF8BFCCE8366FC28F9D0" box="[762,896,1636,1663]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">S. variabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see MNHN online collections database, https:// science.mnhn.fr/institution/mnhn/item/search).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4F3B36B75345FF8BFEF383AFFE0DF8D5" blockId="27.[151,1436,1384,1915]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
Phylogenetic evidence shows conclusively that this species belongs in the family
<taxonomicName id="88844D345345FF8BFA4383AFFABFF968" authorityName="Paterson" authorityYear="1985" box="[1143,1303,1708,1734]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiotomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Ophiotomidae</taxonomicName>
rather than the
<taxonomicName id="88844D345345FF8BFEF583D3FDF7F945" authority="(O'Hara et al. 2017)" baseAuthorityName="O'Hara" baseAuthorityYear="2017" box="[193,607,1744,1771]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">
Ophiacanthidae (
<bibRefCitation id="2B154B465345FF8BFF4B83D2FDFFF945" author="O'Hara, T. D. &amp; Hugall, A. F. &amp; Thuy, B. &amp; Stohr, S. &amp; Martynov, A. V." box="[383,599,1744,1771]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="415 - 430" refId="ref34885" refString="O'Hara, T. D., Hugall, A. F., Thuy, B., Stohr, S. &amp; Martynov, A. V. (2017) Restructuring higher taxonomy using broad-scale phylogenomics: the living Ophiuroidea. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 107, 415 - 430. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2016.12.006" type="journal article" year="2017">
OHara
<emphasis id="7DF0EAA55345FF8BFFE883D2FDBDF944" box="[476,533,1744,1770]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">et al.</emphasis>
2017
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, and consequently it is transferred here to the genus
<taxonomicName id="88844D345345FF8BFA9983D3FA8FF944" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1899" box="[1197,1319,1744,1770]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiotomidae" genus="Ophiotreta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7DF0EAA55345FF8BFA9983D3FA8FF944" box="[1197,1319,1744,1770]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Ophiotreta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
pending a revision of this family. Many of the existing ophiotomid genera appear to be non-monophyletic. In the phylogeny, it is sister to a clade that includes the tropical Indo-Pacific species
<taxonomicName id="88844D345345FF8BFD83821BFAC0F89D" authority="(Koehler, 1904)" baseAuthorityName="Koehler" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[951,1384,1816,1843]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiotomidae" genus="Ophiopristis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="procera">
<emphasis id="7DF0EAA55345FF8BFD83821BFB0FF89C" box="[951,1191,1816,1842]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Ophiopristis procera</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="2B154B465345FF8BFA8D821BFAC8F89D" author="Koehler, R." box="[1209,1376,1816,1843]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 176" refId="ref32152" refString="Koehler, R. (1904) Ophiures de mer profonde. Siboga-Expeditie, 45, 1 - 176 pls. 1 - 36." type="journal article" year="1904">Koehler, 1904</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="88844D345345FF8BFEA3823FFD90F8F9" authority="(Koehler, 1904)" baseAuthorityName="Koehler" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[151,568,1852,1879]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiotomidae" genus="Ophiopristis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="luctosa">
<emphasis id="7DF0EAA55345FF8BFEA3823FFED4F8F8" box="[151,380,1852,1878]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Ophiopristis luctosa</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="2B154B465345FF8BFFB8823FFD87F8F9" author="Koehler, R." box="[396,559,1852,1879]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 176" refId="ref32152" refString="Koehler, R. (1904) Ophiures de mer profonde. Siboga-Expeditie, 45, 1 - 176 pls. 1 - 36." type="journal article" year="1904">Koehler, 1904</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
which also have a fringe of papillae on the dorsal margin of the oral shields (
<bibRefCitation id="2B154B465345FF8BFEAB8262FE31F8D5" author="O'Hara, T. D. &amp; Stohr, S." box="[159,409,1888,1915]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="33 - 141" refId="ref35165" refString="O'Hara, T. D. &amp; Stohr, S. (2006) Deep water Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata) of New Caledonia: Ophiacanthidae and Hemieuryalidae. Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos, 24, 33 - 141." type="journal article" year="2006">OHara &amp; Stöhr 2006</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>