173 lines
13 KiB
XML
173 lines
13 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v5i1.975" ID-GBIF-Dataset="fe3035b3-171d-4eed-b174-52215d61cf0a" ID-PMC="PMC3833731" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1993-078X-1-23" ID-PubMed="24260617" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2011" ModsDocID="1993-078X-1-23" ModsDocOrigin="Comparative Cytogenetics 5 (1)" ModsDocTitle="Karyotypes of Chironomus Meigen (Diptera: Chironomidae) species from Africa" checkinTime="1552150672783" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Wuelker, Wolfgang F., Kiknadze, I. I. & Istomina, A. G." docDate="2011" docId="C325A481C496ED53DAD84496D58139AC" docLanguage="en" docName="CompCytogen 5 (1): 23-46" docOrigin="Comparative Cytogenetics 1" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v5i1.975" docTitle="Chironomus alluaudi Kieffer 1913" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="27" masterDocId="FFB7FFCAFFB9D06EBA09FF9AFFAFFFAF" masterDocTitle="Karyotypes of Chironomus Meigen (Diptera: Chironomidae) species from Africa" masterLastPageNumber="46" masterPageNumber="23" pageNumber="24" updateTime="1668127503573" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Karyotypes of Chironomus Meigen (Diptera: Chironomidae) species from Africa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Wuelker, Wolfgang F.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Kiknadze, I. I.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Istomina, A. G.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Comparative Cytogenetics</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2011</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>1</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>23</mods:start>
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<mods:end>46</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v5i1.975</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v5i1.975</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1993-078X-1-23</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="154365655" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C325A481C496ED53DAD84496D58139AC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C325A481C496ED53DAD84496D58139AC" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="1" pageNumber="24">
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="24" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="24">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Chironomus_alluaudi" authority="Kieffer, 1913" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1913" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chironomus alluaudi" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alluaudi">Chironomus alluaudi Kieffer, 1913</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="24" type="previous reports">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="24">Previous reports:</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="24">
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<bibRefCitation author="Kieffer, J" journalOrPublisher="Paris" pageId="13" pageNumber="36" pagination="1 - 43" title="Chironomidae et Cecidymyidae Voyage de Ch. alluaudi. Et R. Jeanell en Afrique Orientale (1911 - 1912)" volumeTitle="Resultats scientifique Insectes Dipteres" year="1913">Kieffer 1913</bibRefCitation>
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, imago.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="24">
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<bibRefCitation author="Freeman, P" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology" pageId="13" pageNumber="36" pagination="321 - 426" title="A study of Chironomidae (Diptera) of Africa south of the Sahara, part III." volume="5" year="1957">Freeman 1957</bibRefCitation>
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, imago.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="24">
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<bibRefCitation author="Wuelker, W" journalOrPublisher="Zeitschrift fur Zoologische Systematik und Evolutionsforschung" pageId="13" pageNumber="36" pagination="112 - 123" title="Basic patterns in the chromosome evolution of the genus Chironomus (Diptera)." volume="18" year="1980">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Wülker">Wuelker</normalizedToken>
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1980
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</bibRefCitation>
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, photo of arms A-G
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="24">
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<bibRefCitation author="Wuelker, W" journalOrPublisher="Acta biologica debrecina, supplement oecologica Hungarica" pageId="13" pageNumber="36" pagination="373 - 387" title="Computer-assisted studies of chromosome evolution in the genus Chironomus (Dipt.). Comparative and integrated analysis of chromosome arms A, E and F." volume="2" year="1989">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Wülker">Wuelker</normalizedToken>
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et al. 1989
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</bibRefCitation>
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, phylogenetic position
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="24">
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<bibRefCitation author="Kiknadze, II" journalOrPublisher="Siberian Oekological Journal" pageId="13" pageNumber="36" pagination="635 - 652" title="Pattern of chromosomal polymorphism during population and species divergence in Chironomus (Diptera, Chironomidae)" volume="11" year="2004">Kiknadze et al. 2004</bibRefCitation>
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, list of banding sequences of arms A, C, D, E, and F
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="1" pageNumber="24" type="karyotype">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="24">Karyotype</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="24">
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(Fig. 1a). Haploid number n=4, arm combination AE CD BF G (
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“pseudothummi”">"pseudothummi"</normalizedToken>
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cytocomplex), centromere bands not heterochromatinized, nucleolus in arm G (terminal), at least 3 Balbiani Rings (BRs) on arm G, inversion polymorphism in arms C and G.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="1" pageNumber="24">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="24">
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Figure 1a. Karyotype of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chironomus alluaudi" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alluaudi">Chironomus alluaudi</taxonomicName>
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. In this and all other Figures: allA1.1, allE1.1 etc. - symbols of arm and homozygous genotypic combinations N - nucleolus BR - Balbiani ring, arrows show centromeric bands, brackets near chromosome arms show inversions.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="24">Banding sequences (Fig. 1b-g)</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="1" pageNumber="24">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="24">
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Figure 1b-g. Homozygous banding sequences of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chironomus alluaudi" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alluaudi">Chironomus alluaudi</taxonomicName>
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in arms A, E, C, D, F and G. The designations are the same as in Fig. 1.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="24">
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Arm A (Fig. 1b) has the sequence all A1 identical with the main sequence of arm A found in many
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chironomus" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chironomus</taxonomicName>
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species (
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chironomus holomelas" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="holomelas">Chironomus holomelas</taxonomicName>
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Keyl,1961,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chironomus melanescens" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanescens">Chironomus melanescens</taxonomicName>
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Keyl, 1961, etc.) and it is considered a cosmopolitan basic sequence (holA1).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="25">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="2" pageNumber="25" start="start">Arm</pageBreakToken>
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E (Fig. 1c, 7b) has the sequence allE1 identical with
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chironomus piger" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="piger">Chironomus piger</taxonomicName>
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ST (cosmopolitan basic sequence).
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="2" pageNumber="25">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="25">
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Figure 2a. Karyotype of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chironomus transvaalensis" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="transvaalensis">Chironomus transvaalensis</taxonomicName>
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. p - puff and the designations are the same as in Fig. 1
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="25">
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Arm C (Fig. 1d) has two sequences, allC1 and allC2, differing by a simple inversion. The sequence allC1 differs greatly from the basic sequence in arm C; therefore we have compared it with
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chironomus piger" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="piger">Chironomus piger</taxonomicName>
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ST: differing by seven inversion steps from pigST:
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="25">Arm D (Fig. 1e) has single sequence allD1 differing by one inversion step from pigST:</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="25">Arm B (Fig. 1a) not mapped, monomorphic. The common BR is not developed.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="26">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="26" start="start">Arm</pageBreakToken>
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F (Fig. 1f) has the sequence allF1, identical with pigST (cosmopolitan basic sequence).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="26">Arm G (Figs 1a, g) not mapped, has two sequences allG1 and allG2 differing by one simple inversion in the central part of arm G, including two of the Balbiani rings.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="27">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="27" start="start">In</pageBreakToken>
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total, the banding sequence pool of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chironomus alluaudi" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alluaudi">Chironomus alluaudi</taxonomicName>
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contains 9 sequences. Six of them endemic for Africa (Ethiopian sequences), three of them (allA1, allE1, allF1) belong to the category of cosmopolitan basic sequences.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chironomus alluaudi" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alluaudi">Chironomus alluaudi</taxonomicName>
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can be considered asa
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chironomus" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chironomus</taxonomicName>
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species with a primitive karyotype (
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Wülker">Wuelker</normalizedToken>
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, 1980, 2010).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="27" type="larva">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="27">Larva:</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="27">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“thummi-type”">"thummi-type"</normalizedToken>
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(no tubuli laterales) on abdominal segment VII). Mentum with high lateral tooth, median tooth as in other
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chironomus" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chironomus</taxonomicName>
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species, pectin epipharyngis about 11 teeth, antenna black with 4 segments, paralabial plates about 40 striae.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="27" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="27">Distribution:</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="27">
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different places in Africa (
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<bibRefCitation author="Freeman, P" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology" pageId="13" pageNumber="36" pagination="321 - 426" title="A study of Chironomidae (Diptera) of Africa south of the Sahara, part III." volume="5" year="1957">Freeman 1957</bibRefCitation>
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), Kenya (leg.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Wülker">Wuelker</normalizedToken>
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, Jan. 1976). Dunking troughs brooks and pools at Endebess/Mt Elgon (N. Cox leg.); mountain lakes W of Nakuru, Aberdare mountains up to 3300m, ponds Mt. Kenya 4350m (Oltmanns leg.) near Limuru (north of Nairobi), Athi river south of Nairobi, Amboseli-park (
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Wülker">Wuelker</normalizedToken>
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leg.)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |