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146 lines
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.860.34317" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e0a7142d-1eae-4254-b91a-30b70eb9b5ee" ID-PMC="PMC6690523" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-860-183" ID-PubMed="31413657" ID-ZooBank="A3F9127D8ED24F8296A39510EB039A9C" ModsDocID="1313-2970-860-183" checkinTime="1565091121862" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Horvath, Elizabeth Anne" docDate="2019" docId="7B0A0688B6B889AB290F0996958A992E" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 860: 183-306" docOrigin="ZooKeys 860" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.860.34317" docTitle="Primnoa Lamouroux 1812" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="253" masterDocId="D577415D00092007FFDF4B2B606EFFFB" masterDocTitle="A review of gorgonian coral species (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Alcyonacea) held in the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History research collection: focus on species from Scleraxonia, Holaxonia, Calcaxonia - Part III: Suborder Holaxonia continued, and suborder Calcaxonia" masterLastPageNumber="306" masterPageNumber="183" pageNumber="253" updateTime="1668167482081" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A review of gorgonian coral species (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Alcyonacea) held in the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History research collection: focus on species from Scleraxonia, Holaxonia, Calcaxonia - Part III: Suborder Holaxonia continued, and suborder Calcaxonia</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Horvath, Elizabeth Anne</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2019</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>860</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>183</mods:start>
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<mods:end>306</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.860.34317</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.860.34317</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-860-183</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">A3F9127D8ED24F8296A39510EB039A9C</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="158525287" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7B0A0688B6B889AB290F0996958A992E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7B0A0688B6B889AB290F0996958A992E" lastPageId="71" lastPageNumber="253" pageId="70" pageNumber="253">
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<subSubSection pageId="70" pageNumber="253" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="70" pageNumber="253">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName LSID="7B0A0688B6B889AB290F0996958A992E" authority="Lamouroux, 1812" authorityName="Lamouroux" authorityYear="1812" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Primnoa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Primnoa" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="70" pageNumber="253" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Primnoa Lamouroux, 1812</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="70" pageNumber="253" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="70" pageNumber="253">
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Primnoa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Primnoa" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="70" pageNumber="253" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Primnoa</taxonomicName>
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Lamouroux, 1812: 188; 1816: 442.
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<bibRefCitation pageId="70" pageNumber="253" refId="B114">Johnston 1847</bibRefCitation>
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: 171.
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.32670" author="Gray, JE" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="94" pageNumber="277" refId="B100" refString="Gray, JE, 1870. . https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.32670" url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.32670" year="1870">Gray 1870</bibRefCitation>
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: 44. Studer 1878 [1879]: 642; 1887: 49.
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<bibRefCitation author="Wright, EP" journalOrPublisher="Marine Biology" pageId="98" pageNumber="281" publicationUrl="www.archive.org/details/reportonscientif04grea/page/87/mode/1up" refId="B193" refString="Wright, EP, Studer, T, 1889. . www.archive.org/details/reportonscientif04grea/page/87/mode/1up" url="www.archive.org/details/reportonscientif04grea/page/87/mode/1up" year="1889">Wright and Studer 1889</bibRefCitation>
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: xlviii.
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<bibRefCitation pageId="70" pageNumber="253" refId="B183">Versluys 1906</bibRefCitation>
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: 84-85.
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<bibRefCitation author="Kinoshita, K" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the College of Science, Imperial University, Tokyo" pageId="95" pageNumber="278" pagination="1 - 74" refId="B117" refString="Kinoshita, K, 1908a. Primnoidae von Japan. . Journal of the College of Science, Imperial University, Tokyo 23: 1 - 74" title="Primnoidae von Japan." volume="23" year="1908 a">Kinoshita 1908a</bibRefCitation>
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: 42.
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<bibRefCitation author="Kuekenthal, W" journalOrPublisher="Zoologischer Anzeiger," pageId="95" pageNumber="278" pagination="142 - 158" publicationUrl="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/29985650" refId="B126" refString="Kuekenthal, W, 1915b. System und Stammesgeschichte der Primnoidae. . Zoologischer Anzeiger, 46: 142 - 158" title="System und Stammesgeschichte der Primnoidae." url="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/29985650" volume="46" year="1915 b">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Kükenthal">Kuekenthal</normalizedToken>
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1915b
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 143 [key to genus]; 1919: 357-360 [key to genus]; 1924: 265-266 [key to genus and species].
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<bibRefCitation pageId="70" pageNumber="253" refId="B4">Bayer 1956</bibRefCitation>
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: 220, fig. 157, 1; 1961: 294 [illustrated key to genus]; 1981: 937 [key to genus]. Bayer and Stefani 1988: 454 [key to genus].
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<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Marine Science" pageId="90" pageNumber="273" pagination="225 - 256" publicationUrl="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/124" refId="B44" refString="Cairns, SD, Bayer, FM, 2005. A review of the Genus Primnoa (Octocorallia: Gorgonacea: Primnoidae), with the description of two new species. . Bulletin of Marine Science 77: 225 - 256" title="A review of the Genus Primnoa (Octocorallia: Gorgonacea: Primnoidae), with the description of two new species." url="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/124" volume="77" year="2005">Cairns and Bayer 2005</bibRefCitation>
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: 226-228 [revision and key to species].
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.629" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="90" pageNumber="273" pagination="1 - 79" refId="B46" refString="Cairns, SD, Bayer, FM, 2009. A generic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the Primnoidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia). . Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 629: 1 - 79" title="A generic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the Primnoidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia)." url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.629" volume="629" year="2009">Cairns and Bayer 2009</bibRefCitation>
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: 30, 41, 42.
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.634" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Pacific Science" pageId="89" pageNumber="272" refId="B34" refString="Cairns, SD, 2011. . https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.634" url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.634" year="2011">Cairns 2011</bibRefCitation>
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: 19.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="70" pageNumber="253">
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<taxonomicName family="Primnoidae" genus="Lithoprimnoa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lithoprimnoa" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="70" pageNumber="253" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Lithoprimnoa</taxonomicName>
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Grube, 1861: 174-175.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="70" pageNumber="253">
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<taxonomicName family="Primnoidae" genus="Lithoprimnoa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lithoprimnoa" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="70" pageNumber="253" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Lithoprimnoa</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName family="Primnoidae" genus="Lithoprimnoa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lithoprimnoa arctica" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="70" pageNumber="253" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="arctica">Lithoprimnoa arctica</taxonomicName>
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Grube, 1861, by monotypy.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="70" pageNumber="253" type="type species">
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<paragraph pageId="70" pageNumber="253">Type species.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="70" pageNumber="253">
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Gorgonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gorgonia lepadifera" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="70" pageNumber="253" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="lepadifera">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="253">Gorgonia lepadifera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Linnaeus, 1767 (=
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Gorgonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gorgonia resedaeformis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="70" pageNumber="253" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="resedaeformis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="253">Gorgonia resedaeformis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Gunnerus, 1763), by monotypy.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="70" pageNumber="253" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="70" pageNumber="253">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="70" pageNumber="253">Dichotomously branched, arborescent form with polyps not arranged in whorls but closely crowded on all sides of branches and branchlets; polyps distinctly curved downward toward axis. Marginal scales eight, operculum strongly developed. Tentacles bear small, thorny rods.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="71" lastPageNumber="254" pageId="70" pageNumber="253" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="70" pageNumber="253">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="70" pageNumber="253">
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This genus, in the form of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. resedaeformis" pageId="70" pageNumber="253" rank="species" species="resedaeformis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="253">P. resedaeformis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Gunnerus, 1763), has been known since the earliest days of science (1605), and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. resedaeformis" pageId="70" pageNumber="253" rank="species" species="resedaeformis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="253">P. resedaeformis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Atlantic species to which the species discussed here is most closely related) is one of the most often reported deep-water octocorals. It is likely that the Atlantic
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Primnoa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Primnoa" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="70" pageNumber="253" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="253">Primnoa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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were some of the very first deep-water octocorals to be seen and acknowledged (
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<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Marine Science" pageId="90" pageNumber="273" pagination="225 - 256" publicationUrl="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/124" refId="B44" refString="Cairns, SD, Bayer, FM, 2005. A review of the Genus Primnoa (Octocorallia: Gorgonacea: Primnoidae), with the description of two new species. . Bulletin of Marine Science 77: 225 - 256" title="A review of the Genus Primnoa (Octocorallia: Gorgonacea: Primnoidae), with the description of two new species." url="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/124" volume="77" year="2005">Cairns and Bayer 2005</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="71" lastPageNumber="254" pageId="70" pageNumber="253">
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Genus, with accepted status in WoRMS Database (Cordeiro et al. 2019), mentioned here due to evidence provided by collection records examined (see Appendix 3: List of material examined), which showed a distributional range that includes the California Bight. Based on those collection records (NMNH), this is a deep-water form that has been collected off the California coast, from a southern location of La Jolla, San Diego to a northern location of Monterey Bay. As well, NMNH, OCNMS and MBARI, through collection and video records, also indicated sightings or collections off Oregon, Washington, British Columbia to the Gulf of Alaska, at 64-≥1000 m. This represents a substantial range but does include the entire California Bight region. Additionally,
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<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Marine Science" pageId="90" pageNumber="273" pagination="225 - 256" publicationUrl="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/124" refId="B44" refString="Cairns, SD, Bayer, FM, 2005. A review of the Genus Primnoa (Octocorallia: Gorgonacea: Primnoidae), with the description of two new species. . Bulletin of Marine Science 77: 225 - 256" title="A review of the Genus Primnoa (Octocorallia: Gorgonacea: Primnoidae), with the description of two new species." url="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/124" volume="77" year="2005">Cairns and Bayer (2005</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.629" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="90" pageNumber="273" pagination="1 - 79" refId="B46" refString="Cairns, SD, Bayer, FM, 2009. A generic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the Primnoidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia). . Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 629: 1 - 79" title="A generic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the Primnoidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia)." url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.629" volume="629" year="2009">2009</bibRefCitation>
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), along with
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016505421115" author="Heikoop, JM" journalOrPublisher="Hydrobiologia" pageId="94" pageNumber="277" pagination="117 - 124" refId="B107" refString="Heikoop, JM, Hickmott, DD, Risk, MJ, Shearer, CK, Atudorei, V, 2002. Potential Climate Signals from the Deep-Sea Gorgonian Coral Primnoaresedaeformis. . Hydrobiologia 471: 117 - 124" title="Potential Climate Signals from the Deep-Sea Gorgonian Coral Primnoaresedaeformis." url="https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016505421115" volume="471" year="2002">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="71" pageNumber="254" start="start">Heikoop</pageBreakToken>
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et al. (2002)
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</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation author="Risk, MJ" journalOrPublisher="Hydrobiologia" pageId="97" pageNumber="280" pagination="125 - 131" publicationUrl="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/225386976_Lifespans_and_growth_patterns_of_two_deep-sea_corals_Primnoa_resedaeformis_and_Desmophyllum_cristagalli" refId="B154" refString="Risk, MJ, Heikoop, JM, Snow, MG, Beukens, R, 2002. Lifespans and Growth Patterns of Two Deep-Sea Corals: Primnoaresedaeformis and Desmophyllumcristagalli. . Hydrobiologia 471: 125 - 131" title="Lifespans and Growth Patterns of Two Deep-Sea Corals: Primnoaresedaeformis and Desmophyllumcristagalli." url="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/225386976_Lifespans_and_growth_patterns_of_two_deep-sea_corals_Primnoa_resedaeformis_and_Desmophyllum_cristagalli" volume="471" year="2002">Risk et al. (2002)</bibRefCitation>
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, reported species of
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Primnoa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Primnoa" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="71" pageNumber="254" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="254">Primnoa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from the subantarctic Pacific sector.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Sánchez">Sanchez</normalizedToken>
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(in
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<bibRefCitation author="Gordon, DP" journalOrPublisher="Canterbury University Press: Christchurch, New Zealand" pageId="93" pageNumber="276" refId="B92" refString="Gordon, DP, 2009. New Zealand Inventory of Biodiversity. Volume I. Kingdom Animalia. . Canterbury University Press: Christchurch, New Zealand" title="New Zealand Inventory of Biodiversity. Volume I. Kingdom Animalia." year="2009">Gordon 2009</bibRefCitation>
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), reported species of
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Primnoa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Primnoa" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="71" pageNumber="254" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="254">Primnoa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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off New Zealand coasts.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |