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<document id="519067B029ED21C1047C0D20CEC70AB6" ID-CLB-Dataset="27572" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4554.2.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0a20dc7b-5322-4d72-9536-6a80d2d56b22" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2623713" ID-ZooBank="9C8F643F-7A2A-47D2-AEBF-A384BAB26B6B" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1554271363536" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Liu, Xiaoyan, Yang, Ding &amp; Nartshuk, Emilia P." docDate="2019" docId="6201AD78FFA8FFD6769334A8FE58E5B2" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4554.2.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4554 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Dicraeus crassispinus Liu &amp; Yang &amp; Nartshuk 2019, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="354" masterDocId="9E38D500FFABFFD57604343FFFE0E221" masterDocTitle="New species and records of Dicraeus Loew, 1873 from China (Diptera: Chloropidae)" masterLastPageNumber="370" masterPageNumber="351" pageNumber="354" updateTime="1698716280634" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="693816DB1E2AC577697A3834221CD033">New species and records of Dicraeus Loew, 1873 from China (Diptera: Chloropidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7189DE7C42F7F73B1A94606F8FB84CA3">Liu, Xiaoyan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8A1650516ACD3B020D14059E5A420050">Yang, Ding</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E96F2C7A01C1CEFDF3141380F500824C">Nartshuk, Emilia P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:number id="67E9629927AF7E91F1F0D52A5EC9731A">2019-02-11</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="65F9530859A30692A4FDB435F925E79B">4554</mods:number>
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<treatment id="6201AD78FFA8FFD6769334A8FE58E5B2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5942653" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154532338" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5942653" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6201AD78FFA8FFD6769334A8FE58E5B2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6201AD78FFA8FFD6769334A8FE58E5B2" lastPageNumber="354" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">
<subSubSection id="A2B24FE5FFA8FFD6769334A8FDE4E293" box="[151,516,151,178]" pageId="3" pageNumber="354" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="EA171C6EFFA8FFD6769334A8FDE4E293" blockId="3.[151,516,151,211]" box="[151,516,151,178]" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">
<heading id="B15FAB02FFA8FFD6769334A8FDE4E293" bold="true" box="[151,516,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="354" reason="1">
<emphasis id="D8DCC07CFFA8FFD6769334A8FDE4E293" bold="true" box="[151,516,151,178]" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">
<taxonomicName id="2DA867EDFFA8FFD6769334A8FE7FE290" ID-CoL="9HVHC" authority="Liu &amp; Yang &amp; Nartshuk, 2019" authorityName="Liu &amp; Yang &amp; Nartshuk" authorityYear="2019" box="[151,415,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Dicraeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="354" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassispinus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D8DCC07CFFA8FFD6769334A8FE7FE290" bold="true" box="[151,415,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">Dicraeus crassispinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C3EF7D07FFA8FFD677A334A7FDE4E293" box="[423,516,152,178]" pageId="3" pageNumber="354" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A2B24FE5FFA8FFD676933485FED0E2F2" box="[151,304,186,211]" pageId="3" pageNumber="354" type="description">
<paragraph id="EA171C6EFFA8FFD676933485FED0E2F2" blockId="3.[151,516,151,211]" box="[151,304,186,211]" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">
<figureCitation id="729300EBFFA8FFD676933485FF3CE2F2" box="[151,220,186,211]" captionStart="FIGURES 15" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1268,1290]" captionTargetBox="[230,1360,680,1228]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[226,1360,665,1244]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 15. Dicraeus species, habitus. 1 D. crassispinus sp. nov.; 2 D. curvus sp. nov.; 3 D. dentatus sp. nov.; 4 D. liupanshanensis sp. nov.; 5 D. minutidentatus sp. nov. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2623715/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">Figs 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="729300EBFFA8FFD676EE3485FED0E2F2" box="[234,304,186,211]" captionStart="FIGURES 1215" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1568,1590]" captionTargetBox="[180,1433,224,1509]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,195,1546]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1215. Dicraeus crassispinus sp. nov. male. 12 epandrium, posterior view; 13 epandrium, lateral view; 14 hypandrium and phallic complex, ventral view; 15 hypandrium and phallic complex, lateral view. Abbreviations: bas, basiphallus; dis, distiphallus; ep, epandrium; hyp, hypandrium; phal, phallapodeme; pog, postgonite; prg, pregonite; sur, surstylus. Scale bar = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2623719/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">1215</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A2B24FE5FFA8FFD67693353DFDBCE3A6" pageId="3" pageNumber="354" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="EA171C6EFFA8FFD67693353DFDBCE3A6" blockId="3.[151,1437,258,1939]" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">
<emphasis id="D8DCC07CFFA8FFD67693353DFEF1E33A" bold="true" box="[151,273,258,283]" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Gena 0.5 times as wide as first flagellomere. Ocellar triangle reaching anterior margin of frons. Scutum brown with 5 longitudinal black stripes. Scutellum blackish brown. Legs yellow with tarsomeres 5 brown. Surstylus distinctly shorter than epandrium in lateral view, basal 2/3 nearly parallel-sided, recurved posteriorly, some thickened setae on middle surface.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A2B24FE5FFA8FFD676C335ADFE7EE79E" pageId="3" pageNumber="354" type="description">
<paragraph id="EA171C6EFFA8FFD676C335ADFC3FE38B" blockId="3.[151,1437,258,1939]" box="[199,991,402,427]" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">
<emphasis id="D8DCC07CFFA8FFD676C335ADFEB9E38A" bold="true" box="[199,345,402,427]" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">Description.</emphasis>
Male (
<figureCitation id="729300EBFFA8FFD677AC35ADFE09E38A" box="[424,489,402,427]" captionStart="FIGURES 15" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1268,1290]" captionTargetBox="[230,1360,680,1228]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[226,1360,665,1244]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 15. Dicraeus species, habitus. 1 D. crassispinus sp. nov.; 2 D. curvus sp. nov.; 3 D. dentatus sp. nov.; 4 D. liupanshanensis sp. nov.; 5 D. minutidentatus sp. nov. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2623715/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). Body length
<quantity id="2D50B18BFFA8FFD6749635ADFD0AE38B" box="[658,746,402,427]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="354" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
, wing length
<quantity id="2D50B18BFFA8FFD6758635ACFC3BE38B" box="[898,987,403,427]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="3" pageNumber="354" unit="mm" value="1.8">1.8 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EA171C6EFFA8FFD676C33589FBA1E0EA" blockId="3.[151,1437,258,1939]" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">Head yellow, as wide as thorax, 0.85 times as long as high in profile, face somewhat concave in lateral view, facial carina indistinct; frons yellowish brown with anterior 1/2 yellow, as long as wide, projecting slightly in front of eye; gena broad, about 0.5 times as wide as first flagellomere, with few brown setulae on ventral margin; parafacial indistinct; clypeus light yellow; vibrissal angle obtuse. Ocellar triangle yellowish brown with distal 1/4 yellow, smooth, shiny, reaching anterior margin of frons, with pointed apex; ocellar tubercle brown. Occiput black. Cephalic setae and setulae black. Antenna yellow with thick grey pruinescence except for dorsal 1/2 of first flagellomere yellowish brown; first flagellomere 0.8 times as long as wide; arista brown with short brown pubescence. Proboscis brown with brown setulae; palpus yellow with black setulae.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EA171C6EFFA8FFD676C336E8FE8CE65A" blockId="3.[151,1437,258,1939]" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">Scutum 1.1 times as long as wide, brown with 5 longitudinal black stripes, medial stripe slightly broad and extending to posterior 4/5 of scutum, basal 1/3 of inner lateral stripes narrow, outer lateral stripes short and narrow. Postpronotal lobe yellow with a reddish yellow spot. Thoracic pleuron shiny yellow except for anteroventral portion of anepisternum brown; anterior 1/2 of anepumeron, ventral 1/2 of katepisternum and posteroventral portion of meron yellowish brown. Scutellum blackish brown, 0.5 times as long as wide; apical scutellar seta 1.5 times as long as scutellum; subapical scutellar seta as long as scutellum. Postscutellum black. Setae and setulae on thorax black; notopleurals 1+2, anterior notopleural seta as long as posterior notopleural seta; anterior postalar seta as long as posterior postalar seta; 1 pair of dorsocentral setae developed, 1.8 times as long as anterior postalar setae. Legs slender, yellow with tarsomeres 5 brown. Mid tibia with a short black subapical spur, which is longer than diameter of tibia. Tibial organ long and narrow. Setulae on legs black. Wing 2.6 times as long as wide, hyaline; veins brown. Relative lengths of 2nd: 3rd: 4th costal sections = 8: 1.2: 1; r-m at basal 0.45 of discal medial cell. Halter pale yellow.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EA171C6EFFA8FFD676C330B9FEDFE6E2" blockId="3.[151,1437,258,1939]" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">Abdomen brown except for tergite 1, distal portions of tergites 25 and tergites 7+8 yellow; venter yellow. Setulae brown.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EA171C6EFFA8FFD676C330F1FEB1E7BA" blockId="3.[151,1437,258,1939]" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">
Male genitalia (
<figureCitation id="729300EBFFA8FFD6777230F1FDE0E6C6" box="[374,512,1230,1255]" captionStart="FIGURES 1215" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1568,1590]" captionTargetBox="[180,1433,224,1509]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,195,1546]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1215. Dicraeus crassispinus sp. nov. male. 12 epandrium, posterior view; 13 epandrium, lateral view; 14 hypandrium and phallic complex, ventral view; 15 hypandrium and phallic complex, lateral view. Abbreviations: bas, basiphallus; dis, distiphallus; ep, epandrium; hyp, hypandrium; phal, phallapodeme; pog, postgonite; prg, pregonite; sur, surstylus. Scale bar = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2623719/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">Figs. 1215</figureCitation>
): Epandrium yellow with brown distally, with long brown setulae, height 1.7 times width in lateral view; surstylus distinctly shorter than depth of epandrium in lateral view, basal 2/3 nearly parallelsided, recurved posteriorly; some thickened setae on middle surface. Cercus absent. Pre- and postgonites short, postgonite round distally, with few sensilla; basiphallus longer than wide, cylindrical; distiphallus short, membranous; phallapodeme sclerotized, long, with basal stalk broad in lateral view. Hypandrium closed, apically forming an arch.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EA171C6EFFA8FFD676C33199FE7EE79E" blockId="3.[151,1437,258,1939]" box="[199,414,1446,1471]" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">Female. Unknown.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A2B24FE5FFA8FFD676C331F5FD4FE40A" pageId="3" pageNumber="354" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="EA171C6EFFA8FFD676C331F5FD4FE40A" blockId="3.[151,1437,258,1939]" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">
<emphasis id="D8DCC07CFFA8FFD676C331F5FDC5E7C2" bold="true" box="[199,549,1482,1507]" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">
Type material.
<materialsCitation id="5AC01633FFA8FFD6778231F5FDC5E7C2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2234214343" box="[390,549,1482,1507]" collectingDate="2006-05-21" collectionCode="CAU" country="China" county="Honghe" location="Binlangzhai Reservoir" municipality="Hekou" pageId="3" pageNumber="354" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Yunnan" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="3513A2CCFFA8FFD6778231F5FDC5E7C2" box="[390,549,1482,1507]" pageId="3" pageNumber="354" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
</materialsCitation>
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="D8DCC07CFFA8FFD6743531F4FDA6E7C2" box="[561,582,1483,1507]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">6</emphasis>
,
<collectingCountry id="92BF5CFEFFA8FFD6745D31F4FD55E7C2" box="[601,693,1483,1507]" name="China" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">CHINA</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="286CD28CFFA8FFD674C131F4FCFEE7C3" box="[709,798,1483,1506]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">Yunnan</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCounty id="037664E2FFA8FFD6752A31F5FC69E7C2" box="[814,905,1482,1507]" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">Honghe</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="0A738614FFA8FFD6759E31F5FC08E7C2" box="[922,1000,1482,1507]" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">Hekou</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="EF774AB5FFA8FFD675FC31F5FB1AE7C2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6201AD78FFA8FFD6769334A8FE58E5B2:EF774AB5FFA8FFD675FC31F5FB1AE7C2" box="[1016,1274,1482,1507]" country="China" county="Honghe" municipality="Hekou" name="Binlangzhai Reservoir" pageId="3" pageNumber="354" stateProvince="Yunnan">Binlangzhai Reservoir</location>
,
<date id="9E163AAEFFA8FFD6730E31F4FA78E7C2" box="[1290,1432,1482,1507]" pageId="3" pageNumber="354" value="2006-05-21">
<collectingDate id="8E52C346FFA8FFD6730E31F4FA78E7C2" box="[1290,1432,1482,1507]" pageId="3" pageNumber="354" value="2006-05-21">21. V. 2006</collectingDate>
</date>
, Xiushuai Yang Leg. (CAU) (photo and abdomen dissected).
<materialsCitation id="5AC01633FFA8FFD6754C31D1FD4AE40A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2234214313" collectingDate="2006-05-21" collectionCode="CAU" country="China" county="Honghe" location="Binlangzhai Reservoir" municipality="Hekou" pageId="3" pageNumber="354" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Yunnan" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="D8DCC07CFFA8FFD6754C31D1FC0CE426" bold="true" box="[840,1004,1518,1543]" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">
<typeStatus id="3513A2CCFFA8FFD6754C31D1FC0CE426" box="[840,1004,1518,1543]" pageId="3" pageNumber="354" type="paratype">PARATYPES</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
2
<emphasis id="D8DCC07CFFA8FFD6720F31D1FBD5E427" box="[1035,1077,1518,1542]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">66</emphasis>
, same data as holotype (
<collectionCode id="8CB984ABFFA8FFD6734B31D0FA70E426" box="[1359,1424,1519,1543]" country="China" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33074" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33074" name="China Agricultural University" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">CAU</collectionCode>
). All type specimens were stored in 75% ethanol
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A2B24FE5FFA8FFD676C33209FDC1E46E" box="[199,545,1590,1615]" pageId="3" pageNumber="354" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="EA171C6EFFA8FFD676C33209FDC1E46E" blockId="3.[151,1437,258,1939]" box="[199,545,1590,1615]" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">
<emphasis id="D8DCC07CFFA8FFD676C33209FE80E46E" bold="true" box="[199,352,1590,1615]" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="92BF5CFEFFA8FFD677633209FE4AE46E" box="[359,426,1590,1615]" name="China" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">China</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="286CD28CFFA8FFD677BD3208FDF5E46E" box="[441,533,1591,1615]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">Yunnan</collectingRegion>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A2B24FE5FFA8FFD676C33265FEB6E56A" pageId="3" pageNumber="354" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="EA171C6EFFA8FFD676C33265FEB6E56A" blockId="3.[151,1437,258,1939]" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">
<emphasis id="D8DCC07CFFA8FFD676C33265FEDBE452" bold="true" box="[199,315,1626,1651]" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">Remarks.</emphasis>
The new species is somewhat similar to
<taxonomicName id="2DA867EDFFA8FFD6750C3264FBA4E452" authority="Kanmiya, 1971" authorityName="Kanmiya" authorityYear="1971" box="[776,1092,1626,1651]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Dicraeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="354" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ischaemi">
<emphasis id="D8DCC07CFFA8FFD6750C3264FC6EE452" box="[776,910,1627,1651]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">D. ischaemi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8E39619FFFA8FFD675913265FBA4E452" author="Kanmiya, K." box="[917,1092,1626,1651]" pageId="3" pageNumber="354" pagination="157 - 180" refId="ref12133" refString="Kanmiya, K. (1971) Study on the genus Dicraeus Loew from Japan and Formosa (Diptera, Chloropidae). Mushi, 45, 157 - 180." type="journal article" year="1971">Kanmiya, 1971</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, but can be separated from the latter by the following features: ocellar triangle reaching anterior margin of frons; first flagellomere round dorsodistally; surstylus distinctly shorter than depth of epandrium in lateral view, basal 2/3 nearly parallel-sided, recurved posteriorly; some thickened setae on middle surface; cercus absent. In
<taxonomicName id="2DA867EDFFA8FFD6721F32F8FB41E4FF" authorityName="Kanmiya" authorityYear="1971" box="[1051,1185,1734,1758]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Dicraeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="354" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ischaemi">
<emphasis id="D8DCC07CFFA8FFD6721F32F8FB41E4FF" box="[1051,1185,1734,1758]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">D. ischaemi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the ocellar triangle is extended to a little beyond middle of frons; the first flagellomere has a dorsodistal angle; the surstylus is slender, slightly concave at middle, broadly round apically, and has 5 long thick setae; and the cercus is slender, finger-like (
<bibRefCitation id="8E39619FFFA8FFD6769A330DFEAAE56A" author="Kanmiya, K." box="[158,330,1842,1867]" pageId="3" pageNumber="354" pagination="157 - 180" refId="ref12133" refString="Kanmiya, K. (1971) Study on the genus Dicraeus Loew from Japan and Formosa (Diptera, Chloropidae). Mushi, 45, 157 - 180." type="journal article" year="1971">Kanmiya 1971</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A2B24FE5FFA8FFD676C33369FE58E5B2" pageId="3" pageNumber="354" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="EA171C6EFFA8FFD676C33369FE58E5B2" blockId="3.[151,1437,258,1939]" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">
<emphasis id="D8DCC07CFFA8FFD676C33369FEAEE54E" bold="true" box="[199,334,1878,1903]" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">Etymology.</emphasis>
The specific name is from the Latin
<taxonomicName id="2DA867EDFFA8FFD674EC3368FC92E54F" authorityName="Liu &amp; Yang &amp; Nartshuk" authorityYear="2019" box="[744,882,1879,1902]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Dicraeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="354" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassispinus">
<emphasis id="D8DCC07CFFA8FFD674EC3368FC92E54F" box="[744,882,1879,1902]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">crassispinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(“crassispina”), referring to the thickened setulae on inner side of surstylus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>