222 lines
24 KiB
XML
222 lines
24 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="EFD4A529D9880E5515C57C30F030A782">Revision of the Oriental species of Polypedilum Kieffer (Diptera: Chironomidae) with their phylogenetic relationship</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3398060C02FC1ED17411F2E95BAC1EBC">Mukherjee, Tuhar</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="9D12C167D701EDB044D03CD4DE4721C2">Entomology Research Unit, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, India & tuharmukherjeeofficial @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9449 - 5985</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="9A81BAC502089BC6B6E75D044C8800BC">Mukherjee, Bindarika</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="496D9846411121C1EB59CD0B775CE175">Entomology Research Unit, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, India & bindabdn @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9792 - 7931</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="F0AE02DB037FA7322E08FE0BB4F5323B" type="email">bindabdn@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="9B84D6DA84BF3469D7FAD3D47014DACE">Hazra, Niladri</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="40338C11D06977207B112F11E00D9D42">Entomology Research Unit, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, India & hazra. niladri @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 8149 - 9445</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="02834E5BA7BBD550CDB105DDFA5C4BF9" type="email">hazra.niladri@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:number id="004F55182F3EA3913868393F9FC5E5A3">4820</mods:number>
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<treatment id="487687C5FFD6FFA5FF05FBD5FE656F93" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4397287" ID-GBIF-Taxon="176570487" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4397287" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:487687C5FFD6FFA5FF05FBD5FE656F93" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/487687C5FFD6FFA5FF05FBD5FE656F93" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="20" pageNumber="51">
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<subSubSection id="88C56558FFD6FFA5FF05FBD5FD296D52" box="[151,684,1034,1061]" pageId="20" pageNumber="51" type="nomenclature">
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<heading id="9B2881BFFFD6FFA5FF05FBD5FD296D52" bold="true" box="[151,684,1034,1061]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="51" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="07DF4D50FFD6FFA5FF05FBD5FD296D52" authority="(Kieffer, 1911)" baseAuthorityName="Kieffer" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[151,684,1034,1061]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Stictochironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polystictus">
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<emphasis id="F2ABEAC1FFD6FFA5FF05FBD5FD296D52" bold="true" box="[151,684,1034,1061]" pageId="20" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis id="F2ABEAC1FFD6FFA5FF05FBD5FE766D53" bold="true" box="[151,499,1034,1061]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="51">Stictochironomus polystictus</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="A44E4B22FFD6FFA5FD90FBD5FD206D52" author="Kieffer, J. J." box="[514,677,1034,1060]" pageId="20" pageNumber="51" pagination="113 - 177" refId="ref36000" refString="Kieffer, J. J. (1911) Descriptions de nouveaux Chironomides de l'Indian Museum de Calcutta. Records of the Indian Museum, 6, 113 - 177." type="journal article" year="1911">Kieffer, 1911</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="88C56558FFD6FFA5FF05FB90FB6D6DD3" pageId="20" pageNumber="51" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="C06036D3FFD6FFA5FF05FB90FDC86D11" blockId="20.[151,1256,1103,1189]" box="[151,589,1103,1127]" pageId="20" pageNumber="51">
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<treatmentCitation id="417E10C2FFD6FFA5FF05FB90FDCC6D11" author="Kieffer, J. J." box="[151,585,1103,1127]" page="137" pageId="20" pageNumber="51" year="1911">
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<taxonomicName id="07DF4D50FFD6FFA5FF05FB90FDCC6D11" authority="Kieffer, 1911: 137" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityPageNumber="137" authorityYear="1911" box="[151,585,1103,1127]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polystictus">
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<emphasis id="F2ABEAC1FFD6FFA5FF05FB90FE036D11" box="[151,390,1103,1127]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="51">Chironomus polystictus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="A44E4B22FFD6FFA5FE1FFB90FDCC6D11" author="Kieffer, J. J." box="[397,585,1103,1127]" pageId="20" pageNumber="51" pagination="113 - 177" refId="ref36000" refString="Kieffer, J. J. (1911) Descriptions de nouveaux Chironomides de l'Indian Museum de Calcutta. Records of the Indian Museum, 6, 113 - 177." type="journal article" year="1911">Kieffer, 1911: 137</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<paragraph id="C06036D3FFD6FFA5FF05FBB1FB036DF0" blockId="20.[151,1256,1103,1189]" box="[151,1158,1134,1158]" pageId="20" pageNumber="51">
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<taxonomicName id="07DF4D50FFD6FFA5FF05FBB1FDDE6DF0" authority="(Kieffer, 1911)" baseAuthorityName="Kieffer" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[151,603,1134,1158]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Stictochironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polystictus">
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<emphasis id="F2ABEAC1FFD6FFA5FF05FBB1FE3F6DF0" box="[151,442,1134,1158]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="51">Stictochironomus polystictus</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="A44E4B22FFD6FFA5FE55FBB1FDD66DF0" author="Kieffer, J. J." box="[455,595,1134,1158]" pageId="20" pageNumber="51" pagination="113 - 177" refId="ref36000" refString="Kieffer, J. J. (1911) Descriptions de nouveaux Chironomides de l'Indian Museum de Calcutta. Records of the Indian Museum, 6, 113 - 177." type="journal article" year="1911">Kieffer, 1911</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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:
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<treatmentCitation id="417E10C2FFD6FFA5FDF7FBB1FB076DF0" author="Bhattacharyay, S. & Mazumdar, A. & Chaudhuri, P. K." box="[613,1154,1134,1158]" page="319" pageId="20" pageNumber="51" year="1996">
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<bibRefCitation id="A44E4B22FFD6FFA5FDF7FBB1FB076DF0" author="Bhattacharyay, S. & Mazumdar, A. & Chaudhuri, P. K." box="[613,1154,1134,1158]" pageId="20" pageNumber="51" pagination="319 - 326" refId="ref34182" refString="Bhattacharyay, S., Mazumdar, A. & Chaudhuri, P. K. (1996) Morphology of Stictochironomus polystictus (Kieffer) from India (Diptera: Chironomidae). Polish Jounal of Entomology, 56, 319 - 326." type="journal article" year="1996">Bhattacharyay, Mazumdar and Chaudhuri, 1996: 319</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C06036D3FFD6FFA5FF05FB53FB6D6DD3" blockId="20.[151,1256,1103,1189]" box="[151,1256,1164,1189]" pageId="20" pageNumber="51">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="E0CF11FDFFD6FFA5FF05FB53FB6D6DD3" box="[151,1256,1164,1189]" pageId="20" pageNumber="51">
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<treatmentCitation id="417E10C2FFD6FFA5FF05FB53FC8F6DD3" author="Hazra, N. & Sanyal, K. & Brahma, S." box="[151,778,1164,1189]" page="4" pageId="20" pageNumber="51" year="2015">
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<taxonomicName id="07DF4D50FFD6FFA5FF05FB53FC8F6DD3" authority="Hazra, Sanyal and Brahma, 2015: 4" authorityName="Hazra, Sanyal and Brahma" authorityPageNumber="4" authorityYear="2015" box="[151,778,1164,1189]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Polypedilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clavipennae">
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<emphasis id="F2ABEAC1FFD6FFA5FF05FB53FE1D6DD2" box="[151,408,1164,1188]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="51">Polypedilum clavipennae</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="A44E4B22FFD6FFA5FE0CFB52FC8F6DD3" author="Hazra, N. & Sanyal, K. & Brahma, S." box="[414,778,1164,1189]" pageId="20" pageNumber="51" pagination="392 - 407" refId="ref35615" refString="Hazra, N., Sanyal, K. & Brahma, S. (2015) New records of Polypedilum Kieffer (Diptera: Chironomidae) from India. Annales de la Societe entomologique de France, 51 (5 - 6), 392 - 407. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00379271.2016.1149439" type="journal article" year="2015">Hazra, Sanyal and Brahma, 2015: 4</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="417E10C2FFD6FFA5FC87FB52FB1D6DD3" author="Hazra, N. & Niitsuma, H. & Chaudhuri, P. K." box="[789,1176,1164,1189]" page="97" pageId="20" pageNumber="51" year="2016">
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<bibRefCitation id="A44E4B22FFD6FFA5FC87FB52FB1D6DD3" author="Hazra, N. & Niitsuma, H. & Chaudhuri, P. K." box="[789,1176,1164,1189]" pageId="20" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 206" refId="ref35674" refString="Hazra, N., Niitsuma, H. & Chaudhuri, P. K. (2016) Checklist of Chironomid midges (Diptera: Chironomidae) of the Oriental Region. Zoological Survey of India, New Alipore, India, pp. 1 - 206." type="book chapter" year="2016">Hazra, Niitsuma, Chaudhuri, 2016: 97</bibRefCitation>
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<emphasis id="F2ABEAC1FFD6FFA5FB0DFB53FB6D6DD3" bold="true" box="[1183,1256,1164,1189]" pageId="20" pageNumber="51">Syn. n.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="F2ABEAC1FFD6FFA5FF05FB0DFEFA6D9A" bold="true" box="[151,383,1234,1260]" pageId="20" pageNumber="51">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="70B73C8EFFD6FFA5FE17FB0CFA966C67" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3014929310" collectingDate="2012-10-29" collectorName="Coll. K. Sanyal'" country="India" location="Alipurduar Junction" pageId="20" pageNumber="51" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="West Bengal" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="1F648871FFD6FFA5FE17FB0CFE6E6D9B" box="[389,491,1235,1261]" pageId="20" pageNumber="51" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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male with larval and pupal exuviae [reared] labelled ‘
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<taxonomicName id="07DF4D50FFD6FFA5FBA0FB0CFEF16C67" authority="Hazra, Sanyal and Brahma" authorityName="Hazra, Sanyal and Brahma" authorityYear="2015" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Polypedilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clavipennae">
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<emphasis id="F2ABEAC1FFD6FFA5FBA0FB0CFAC96D9B" box="[1074,1356,1235,1261]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="51">Polypedilum clavipennae</emphasis>
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Hazra, Sanyal and Brahma
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="B8C87643FFD6FFA5FEECFB28FE3C6C67" box="[382,441,1271,1297]" name="India" pageId="20" pageNumber="51">India</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="021BF831FFD6FFA5FE51FB28FDD56C67" box="[451,592,1271,1297]" country="India" name="West Bengal" pageId="20" pageNumber="51">West Bengal</collectingRegion>
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,
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(26.52, 89.53),
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<date id="B4611013FFD6FFA5FC76FB28FBD16C67" box="[996,1108,1271,1297]" pageId="20" pageNumber="51" value="2012-10-29">
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<collectingDate id="A425E9FBFFD6FFA5FC76FB28FBD16C67" box="[996,1108,1271,1297]" pageId="20" pageNumber="51" value="2012-10-29">29.x.2012</collectingDate>
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</date>
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,
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<collectorName id="6D2A5305FFD6FFA5FBCDFB28FA966C67" box="[1119,1299,1271,1297]" pageId="20" pageNumber="51">Coll. K. Sanyal’</collectorName>
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;
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<materialsCitation id="70B73C8EFFD6FFA5FA8FFB28FE1E6C43" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3014929305" collectingDate="2012-10-29" collectorName="Coll. K. Sanyal'" country="India" location="Alipurduar Junction" pageId="20" pageNumber="51" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-male="4" stateProvince="West Bengal" typeStatus="paratype">
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<typeStatus id="1F648871FFD6FFA5FA8FFB28FA0D6C67" box="[1309,1416,1271,1297]" pageId="20" pageNumber="51" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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<specimenCount id="D6D9FD5AFFD6FFA5FA1CFB28FF5F6C43" pageId="20" pageNumber="51" type="male">4 males</specimenCount>
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, data as holotype
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;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="70B73C8EFFD6FFA5FE34FAC4FCF86C2F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3014929312" collectingDate="2012-01-15" country="India" location="Englishbazar" municipality="Malda" pageId="20" pageNumber="51" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="West Bengal" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCount id="D6D9FD5AFFD6FFA5FE34FAC4FE7F6C43" box="[422,506,1307,1333]" pageId="20" pageNumber="51" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
|
||
labelled ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="07DF4D50FFD6FFA5FDFAFAC4FB3F6C43" authority="Hazra, Sanyal and Brahma" authorityName="Hazra, Sanyal and Brahma" authorityYear="2015" box="[616,1210,1307,1333]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Polypedilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clavipennae">
|
||
<emphasis id="F2ABEAC1FFD6FFA5FDFAFAC4FC066C43" box="[616,899,1307,1333]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="51">Polypedilum clavipennae</emphasis>
|
||
Hazra, Sanyal and Brahma
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B8C87643FFD6FFA5FB57FAC4FA856C43" box="[1221,1280,1307,1333]" name="India" pageId="20" pageNumber="51">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="021BF831FFD6FFA5FA98FAC4FA1D6C43" box="[1290,1432,1307,1333]" country="India" name="West Bengal" pageId="20" pageNumber="51">West Bengal</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="2004ACA9FFD6FFA5FF05FAE0FF656C2F" box="[151,224,1343,1369]" pageId="20" pageNumber="51">Malda</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="C5006008FFD6FFA5FF79FAE0FEFE6C2F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:487687C5FFD6FFA5FF05FBD5FE656F93:C5006008FFD6FFA5FF79FAE0FEFE6C2F" box="[235,379,1343,1369]" country="India" municipality="Malda" name="Englishbazar" pageId="20" pageNumber="51" stateProvince="West Bengal">Englishbazar</location>
|
||
(24.40, 88.28),
|
||
<date id="B4611013FFD6FFA5FDBCFAE1FD1D6C2F" box="[558,664,1342,1369]" pageId="20" pageNumber="51" value="2012-01-15">
|
||
<collectingDate id="A425E9FBFFD6FFA5FDBCFAE1FD1D6C2F" box="[558,664,1342,1369]" pageId="20" pageNumber="51" value="2012-01-15">15.i.2012</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, Coll. U.K. Mandal’
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="88C56558FFD6FFA5FF55FABCFE656F93" pageId="20" pageNumber="51" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="C06036D3FFD6FFA5FF55FABCFA186F7B" blockId="20.[151,1437,1234,1765]" pageId="20" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis id="F2ABEAC1FFD6FFA5FF55FABCFEB16C0B" bold="true" box="[199,308,1379,1405]" pageId="20" pageNumber="51">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
. The species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="07DF4D50FFD6FFA5FE4AFABCFBBF6C0B" authority="Hazra, Sanyal and Brahma" authorityName="Hazra, Sanyal and Brahma" authorityYear="2015" box="[472,1082,1379,1405]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Polypedilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clavipennae">
|
||
<emphasis id="F2ABEAC1FFD6FFA5FE4AFABCFD726C0B" box="[472,759,1379,1405]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="51">Polypedilum clavipennae</emphasis>
|
||
Hazra, Sanyal and Brahma
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was previously unplaced subgenerically. But after careful study, it has been found to be a member of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="07DF4D50FFD6FFA5FBDAFA58FAEF6CD7" authority="Kieffer." authorityName="Kieffer. In" authorityYear="1919" box="[1096,1386,1415,1441]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Stictochironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F2ABEAC1FFD6FFA5FBDAFA58FA8E6CD7" box="[1096,1291,1415,1441]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="51">Stictochironomus</emphasis>
|
||
Kieffer.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
The combination of these characters justifies the inclusion of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="07DF4D50FFD6FFA5FC80FA74FB636CB3" authority="Hazra, Sanyal and Brahma" authorityName="Hazra, Sanyal and Brahma" authorityYear="2015" box="[786,1254,1451,1477]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Polypedilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clavipennae">
|
||
<emphasis id="F2ABEAC1FFD6FFA5FC80FA74FC316CB3" box="[786,948,1451,1477]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="51">P. clavipennae</emphasis>
|
||
Hazra, Sanyal and Brahma
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
under the genus
|
||
<emphasis id="F2ABEAC1FFD6FFA5FF05FA10FEE66C9F" box="[151,355,1487,1513]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="07DF4D50FFD6FFA5FF05FA10FED86C9F" authorityName="Kieffer. In" authorityYear="1919" box="[151,349,1487,1513]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Stictochironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Stictochironomus</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="F2ABEAC1FFD6FFA5FEF8FA10FE226C9F" bold="true" box="[362,423,1487,1513]" pageId="20" pageNumber="51">Male</emphasis>
|
||
. 1) Frontal tubercle present, 2) wing membrane marked without setae, 3) anterior and posterior tibial combs of mid and hind legs fused, 4) T VIII not basally constricted and 5) inferior volsella bent laterad.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C06036D3FFD6FFA5FF05F9C8FE656F93" blockId="20.[151,1437,1234,1765]" pageId="20" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis id="F2ABEAC1FFD6FFA5FF05F9C8FF506F47" bold="true" box="[151,213,1559,1585]" pageId="20" pageNumber="51">Pupa</emphasis>
|
||
. 1) Cephalic tubercles well developed with long frontal setae, 2) anterior transverse bands of shagreen on T II–VI, 3) caudolateral comb with 5–6 teeth.
|
||
<emphasis id="F2ABEAC1FFD6FFA5FD39F9E4FD716F23" bold="true" box="[683,756,1595,1621]" pageId="20" pageNumber="51">Larva</emphasis>
|
||
. 1) Antenna 6-segmented, blades shorter than flagellum, 2) ventromental plates with well developed posterior lobes, and 3) mandible with 1 dark dorsal tooth. The pattern of the wing spots, shape of the anal point, superior and inferior volsellae, mophometric measurements like AR, VR, HR, and HV, and thoracic chaetotaxy leads us to the conclusion that
|
||
<emphasis id="F2ABEAC1FFD6FFA5FC20F978FC466FB6" box="[946,963,1703,1728]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="51">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="07DF4D50FFD6FFA5FC41F978FB0B6FB7" authorityName="Hazra, Sanyal and Brahma" authorityYear="2015" box="[979,1166,1703,1729]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Polypedilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clavipennae" subGenus="Polypedilum">
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="F2ABEAC1FFD6FFA5FC4EF978FC686FB6" box="[988,1005,1703,1728]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="51">P</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<emphasis id="F2ABEAC1FFD6FFA5FB95F978FB0B6FB7" box="[1031,1166,1703,1729]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="51">clavipennae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="07DF4D50FFD6FFA5FF05F914FE5C6F93" baseAuthorityName="Kieffer" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[151,473,1739,1765]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Stictochironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polystictus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F2ABEAC1FFD6FFA5FF05F914FE5C6F93" box="[151,473,1739,1765]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="51">Stictochironomus polystictus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |