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<mods:title id="C9CA087901AAAF957549102240F59FB5">Revision of the Oriental species of Polypedilum Kieffer (Diptera: Chironomidae) with their phylogenetic relationship</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="C94CB21D4CBA358E4D539E35ED92B7E0">Entomology Research Unit, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, India &amp; bindabdn @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9792 - 7931</mods:affiliation>
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<paragraph id="C06036D3FFD6FFA5FF05F8A1FDD76EEE" blockId="20.[151,594,1918,1945]" box="[151,594,1918,1945]" pageId="20" pageNumber="51">
<heading id="9B2881BFFFD6FFA5FF05F8A1FDD76EEE" bold="true" box="[151,594,1918,1945]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="51" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="07DF4D50FFD6FFA5FF05F8A1FDD76EEE" ID-CoL="5CXV9" authority="(Wulp, 1859)" baseAuthorityName="Wulp" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[151,594,1918,1945]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Zavreliella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marmorata">
<emphasis id="F2ABEAC1FFD6FFA5FF05F8A1FDD76EEE" bold="true" box="[151,594,1918,1945]" pageId="20" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="F2ABEAC1FFD6FFA5FF05F8A1FE2D6EEF" bold="true" box="[151,424,1918,1945]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="51">Zavreliella marmorata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="A44E4B22FFD6FFA5FE2AF8A1FDCC6EEE" author="Wulp, F. M. van der" box="[440,585,1918,1944]" pageId="20" pageNumber="51" pagination="159 - 185" refId="ref38705" refString="Wulp, F. M. van der. (1859) Beschrijving van eenige nieuwe of twijfelachtige soorten van Diptera uit de familie de Nemocera. Tijdschrift voor Entomologi e, 2, 159 - 185." type="journal article" year="1859">Wulp, 1859</bibRefCitation>
)
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<paragraph id="C06036D3FFD6FFA5FF05F81CFDC66EAD" blockId="20.[151,581,1987,2042]" box="[151,579,1987,2011]" pageId="20" pageNumber="51">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="E0CF11FDFFD6FFA5FF05F81CFDC66EAD" box="[151,579,1987,2011]" pageId="20" pageNumber="51">
<treatmentCitation id="417E10C2FFD6FFA5FF05F81CFDBA6EAD" author="Wulp, F. M. van der" box="[151,575,1987,2011]" page="166" pageId="20" pageNumber="51" year="1859">
<taxonomicName id="07DF4D50FFD6FFA5FF05F81CFDBA6EAD" ID-CoL="8BGNJ" authority="Wulp, 1859: 166" authorityName="Wulp" authorityPageNumber="166" authorityYear="1859" box="[151,575,1987,2011]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marmorata">
<emphasis id="F2ABEAC1FFD6FFA5FF05F81CFE096EAD" box="[151,396,1987,2011]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="51">Chironomus marmorata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="A44E4B22FFD6FFA5FE00F81CFDBA6EAD" author="Wulp, F. M. van der" box="[402,575,1987,2011]" pageId="20" pageNumber="51" pagination="159 - 185" refId="ref38705" refString="Wulp, F. M. van der. (1859) Beschrijving van eenige nieuwe of twijfelachtige soorten van Diptera uit de familie de Nemocera. Tijdschrift voor Entomologi e, 2, 159 - 185." type="journal article" year="1859">Wulp, 1859: 166</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<paragraph id="C06036D3FFD6FFA5FF05F83DFDC06E8C" blockId="20.[151,581,1987,2042]" box="[151,581,2018,2042]" pageId="20" pageNumber="51">
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<treatmentCitation id="417E10C2FFD6FFA5FF05F83DFDC46E8C" author="Kieffer, J. J." box="[151,577,2018,2042]" page="17" pageId="20" pageNumber="51" year="1913">
<taxonomicName id="07DF4D50FFD6FFA5FF05F83DFDC46E8C" ID-CoL="69T9X" authority="Kieffer, 1913: 17" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityPageNumber="17" authorityYear="1913" box="[151,577,2018,2042]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clavaticrus">
<emphasis id="F2ABEAC1FFD6FFA5FF05F83DFE0E6E8C" box="[151,395,2018,2042]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="51">Chironomus clavaticrus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="A44E4B22FFD6FFA5FE03F83DFDC46E8C" author="Kieffer, J. J." box="[401,577,2018,2042]" pageId="20" pageNumber="51" pagination="7 - 35" refId="ref36031" refString="Kieffer, J. J. (1913) Nouveaux Chironomides (Tendipedides) d'Allemagne. Bulletin de la Societe d'histoire naturelle de Metz, 28, 7 - 35." type="journal article" year="1913">Kieffer, 1913: 17</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="07DF4D50FFD7FFA4FF05FF48FD9569D8" ID-CoL="5CXV9" authority="(Wulp, 1859)" baseAuthorityName="Wulp" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[151,528,150,175]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Zavreliella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marmorata">
<emphasis id="F2ABEAC1FFD7FFA4FF05FF48FEFB69D8" box="[151,382,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="52">Zavreliella marmorata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="A44E4B22FFD7FFA4FE19FF48FD8269D8" author="Wulp, F. M. van der" box="[395,519,150,175]" pageId="21" pageNumber="52" pagination="159 - 185" refId="ref38705" refString="Wulp, F. M. van der. (1859) Beschrijving van eenige nieuwe of twijfelachtige soorten van Diptera uit de familie de Nemocera. Tijdschrift voor Entomologi e, 2, 159 - 185." type="journal article" year="1859">Wulp, 1859</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
: Kieffer, 1920: 334.
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="E0CF11FDFFD7FFA4FF05FF6AFABF69BB" box="[151,1338,181,206]" pageId="21" pageNumber="52">
<taxonomicName id="07DF4D50FFD7FFA4FF05FF6AFCB269BB" ID-CoL="77TSD" authority="Chaudhuri, Guha and Dasgupta, 1981: 127" authorityName="Chaudhuri, Guha and Das Gupta" authorityPageNumber="127" authorityYear="1981" box="[151,823,181,206]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Polypedilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insolitum">
<emphasis id="F2ABEAC1FFD7FFA4FF05FF6AFEF969BB" box="[151,380,181,205]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="52">Polypedilum insolitum</emphasis>
Chaudhuri, Guha and Dasgupta, 1981: 127
</taxonomicName>
;
<treatmentCitation id="417E10C2FFD7FFA4FCD0FF69FB6F69BB" author="Hazra, N. &amp; Niitsuma, H. &amp; Chaudhuri, P. K." box="[834,1258,181,205]" page="90" pageId="21" pageNumber="52" year="2016">
<bibRefCitation id="A44E4B22FFD7FFA4FCD0FF69FB6F69BB" author="Hazra, N. &amp; Niitsuma, H. &amp; Chaudhuri, P. K." box="[834,1258,181,205]" pageId="21" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 206" refId="ref35674" refString="Hazra, N., Niitsuma, H. &amp; Chaudhuri, P. K. (2016) Checklist of Chironomid midges (Diptera: Chironomidae) of the Oriental Region. Zoological Survey of India, New Alipore, India, pp. 1 - 206." type="book chapter" year="2016">Hazra, Niitsuma and Chaudhuri, 2016: 90</bibRefCitation>
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<emphasis id="F2ABEAC1FFD7FFA4FB62FF6AFABF69BB" bold="true" box="[1264,1338,181,205]" pageId="21" pageNumber="52">Syn. n.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="F2ABEAC1FFD7FFA4FF05FF29FE0E6866" bold="true" box="[151,395,246,272]" pageId="21" pageNumber="52">Materials examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="70B73C8EFFD7FFA4FE03FF29FE326842" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3014929321" collectingDate="1983-11-04" collectionCode="T" country="India" county="Alipurduar" location="Dutta" municipality="Duars" pageId="21" pageNumber="52" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="West Bengal">
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labelled
<emphasis id="F2ABEAC1FFD7FFA4FDD3FF29FCC36866" box="[577,838,246,272]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="52">
<taxonomicName id="07DF4D50FFD7FFA4FDD7FF29FCC36866" authorityName="Chaudhuri, Guha and Das Gupta" authorityYear="1981" box="[581,838,246,272]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Polypedilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insolitum">Polypedilum insolitum</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
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,
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,
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;
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, labelled
<emphasis id="F2ABEAC1FFD7FFA4FD07FEC5FCFE6842" box="[661,891,282,308]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="52">
<taxonomicName id="07DF4D50FFD7FFA4FD0BFEC5FCFE6842" box="[665,891,282,308]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Polypedilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insolit">Polypedilum insolit</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
u
<emphasis id="F2ABEAC1FFD7FFA4FC1BFEC4FC186842" box="[905,925,283,308]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="52">m</emphasis>
,
<collectingCountry id="B8C87643FFD7FFA4FC3FFEC5FC6D6842" box="[941,1000,282,308]" name="India" pageId="21" pageNumber="52">India</collectingCountry>
,
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<collectingCounty id="29014E5FFFD7FFA4FB03FEC5FA8B6842" box="[1169,1294,282,308]" pageId="21" pageNumber="52">Alipurduar</collectingCounty>
, BSN/
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(26.49, 89.53), Coll.
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,
<date id="B4611013FFD7FFA4FE79FEE1FDFF682E" box="[491,634,318,344]" pageId="21" pageNumber="52" value="1984-08-20">
<collectingDate id="A425E9FBFFD7FFA4FE79FEE1FDFF682E" box="[491,634,318,344]" pageId="21" pageNumber="52" value="1984-08-20">20.viii.1984</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="88C56558FFD7FFA4FF55FEBDFDB868B2" pageId="21" pageNumber="52" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="C06036D3FFD7FFA4FF55FEBDFDB868B2" blockId="21.[151,1436,246,596]" pageId="21" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="F2ABEAC1FFD7FFA4FF55FEBDFEB1680A" bold="true" box="[199,308,354,380]" pageId="21" pageNumber="52">Remarks</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="58E42A56FFD7FFA4FED1FEBDFE31680A" box="[323,436,354,380]" captionStart="FIGURES 10" captionStartId="19.[152,268,1717,1741]" captionTargetBox="[304,1393,213,1573]" captionTargetId="figure-19@19.[164,1424,178,1693]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 10AC. Photographs of adult male of Zavreliella marmorata (Wulp, 1985). A, Wing; B, Hypopygium; C, Abdomen. All to scale: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4397279" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4397279/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="52">Figure 10</figureCitation>
). The clubshaped apical foreleg and longitudinal medial elevation of the abdomen of
<taxonomicName id="07DF4D50FFD7FFA4FA16FEBCFF7A68D6" authorityName="Chaudhuri, Guha and Das Gupta" authorityYear="1981" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Polypedilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insolitum">
<emphasis id="F2ABEAC1FFD7FFA4FA16FEBCFA10680A" box="[1412,1429,355,380]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="52">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="F2ABEAC1FFD7FFA4FF05FE59FF7A68D6" box="[151,255,390,416]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="52">insolitum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and characteristic wing pattern markings and hypopygium structure leads us to conclude that
<taxonomicName id="07DF4D50FFD7FFA4FA87FE58FA1968D6" authorityName="Chaudhuri, Guha and Das Gupta" authorityYear="1981" box="[1301,1436,390,417]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Polypedilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insolitum">
<emphasis id="F2ABEAC1FFD7FFA4FA87FE58FAA368D6" box="[1301,1318,391,416]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="52">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="F2ABEAC1FFD7FFA4FAA6FE59FA1968D6" box="[1332,1436,390,416]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="52">insolitum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="07DF4D50FFD7FFA4FE08FE74FDBF68B2" baseAuthorityName="Wulp" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[410,570,427,453]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Zavreliella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marmorata">
<emphasis id="F2ABEAC1FFD7FFA4FE08FE74FE2F68B2" box="[410,426,427,452]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="52">Z</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="F2ABEAC1FFD7FFA4FE2AFE74FDBF68B2" box="[440,570,427,452]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="52">marmorata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="F2ABEAC1FFD7FFA4FDABFE74FDB868B2" box="[569,573,427,452]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="52">.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="88C56558FFD7FFA4FF55FE11FEE36B22" pageId="21" pageNumber="52" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="C06036D3FFD7FFA4FF55FE11FEE36B22" blockId="21.[151,1436,246,596]" pageId="21" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="F2ABEAC1FFD7FFA4FF55FE11FEDC689E" bold="true" box="[199,345,462,488]" pageId="21" pageNumber="52">Distribution</emphasis>
. The species has wide distribution occurring in all the Old World zoogeographical realms except the Afrotropical region. The species is reported from Oriental
<collectingCountry id="B8C87643FFD7FFA4FCC1FE2DFC1C6B7A" box="[851,921,498,524]" name="China" pageId="21" pageNumber="52">China</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="B8C87643FFD7FFA4FC36FE2DFB826B7A" box="[932,1031,498,524]" name="Belgium" pageId="21" pageNumber="52">Belgium</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="B8C87643FFD7FFA4FB81FE2DFB4C6B7A" box="[1043,1225,498,524]" name="Czech Republic" pageId="21" pageNumber="52">Czech Republic</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="B8C87643FFD7FFA4FB46FE2CFAA66B7B" box="[1236,1315,499,525]" name="France" pageId="21" pageNumber="52">France</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="B8C87643FFD7FFA4FABDFE2DFA1D6B7A" box="[1327,1432,498,524]" name="Germany" pageId="21" pageNumber="52">Germany</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="B8C87643FFD7FFA4FF05FDC9FEA86B46" box="[151,301,534,560]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="21" pageNumber="52">Great Britain</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="B8C87643FFD7FFA4FEA5FDC8FE1F6B47" box="[311,410,535,561]" name="Hungary" pageId="21" pageNumber="52">Hungary</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="B8C87643FFD7FFA4FE37FDC9FDE46B46" box="[421,609,534,560]" name="Netherlands" pageId="21" pageNumber="52">The Netherlands</collectingCountry>
, and
<collectingCountry id="B8C87643FFD7FFA4FD09FDC9FD726B46" box="[667,759,534,560]" name="Sweden" pageId="21" pageNumber="52">Sweden</collectingCountry>
. The species
<taxonomicName id="07DF4D50FFD7FFA4FC18FDC8FBA36B46" baseAuthorityName="Wulp" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[906,1062,535,561]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Zavreliella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marmorata">
<emphasis id="F2ABEAC1FFD7FFA4FC18FDC8FC1F6B46" box="[906,922,535,560]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="52">Z</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="F2ABEAC1FFD7FFA4FC3AFDC8FBA36B46" box="[936,1062,535,560]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="52">marmorata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is for the first time reported from
<collectingCountry id="B8C87643FFD7FFA4FF05FDE5FF546B22" box="[151,209,570,596]" name="India" pageId="21" pageNumber="52">India</collectingCountry>
in this study.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>