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<mods:title id="137D830D6941AE55D78683C0DF84F71F">The lefteye flounder family Bothidae (Order Pleuronectiformes) of Taiwan</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="56E04D245D58FD40DA8B90D5816DFF76" ID-CoL="6NCZH" authority="Amaoka, 1969" authorityName="Amaoka" authorityYear="1969" box="[151,613,153,180]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Bothidae" genus="Japonolaeops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleuronectiformes" pageId="36" pageNumber="191" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dentatus">
<emphasis id="A394EAB55D58FD40DA8B90D5816DFF76" bold="true" box="[151,613,153,180]" pageId="36" pageNumber="191">
<emphasis id="A394EAB55D58FD40DA8B90D582A4FF71" bold="true" box="[151,428,153,180]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="191">Japonolaeops dentatus</emphasis>
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Lanceolate toothed flounder;
<emphasis id="A394EAB55D58FD40DBFE90F0815AFF16" bold="true" box="[482,594,188,211]" pageId="36" pageNumber="191">ıƾÉľ</emphasis>
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<figureCitation id="09DB2A225D58FD40DA8B90AD8205FF39" box="[151,269,225,252]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="37.[151,250,1944,1969]" captionTargetBox="[382,1206,181,1918]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[382,1206,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 7. A. Japonolaeops dentatus, NMMB-P 23281, 130 mm SL. BC. Kamoharaia megastoma, NMMB-P 17856, 186.6 mm SL(B) and NMMB-P21088, juvenile, 105 mm SL (C). DE. Laeops kitaharae, NMMB-P21087, female, 130.8 mm SL (D) and NMMB-P22276, male, 150 mm SL (E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3562793" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3562793/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="191">Figure 7A</figureCitation>
;
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<emphasis id="A394EAB55D58FD40DA8B916A8289FEFB" box="[151,385,294,318]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="191">Japonolaeops dentatus</emphasis>
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locality: Mimase,
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="F5714B565D58FD40DE45916987E7FEFB" author="Shen, S. - C." box="[1113,1263,293,318]" pageId="36" pageNumber="191" pagination="1 - 41" refId="ref46616" refString="Shen, S. - C. (1983) Study on the bothid fishes (Family Bothidae) from Taiwan. Journal of Taiwan Museum, 36 (1), 1 - 41." type="journal article" year="1983">Shen, 1983:31</bibRefCitation>
; Shen in
<bibRefCitation id="F5714B565D58FD40DF4C91698258FE98" author="Amaoka, K. &amp; Shen, S. C." pageId="36" pageNumber="191" pagination="1042 - 1047" refId="ref43586" refString="Amaoka, K. &amp; Shen, S. C. (1993) A new bothid flatfish Parabothus taiwanensis collected from Taiwan (Pleuronectiformes: Bothidae). Bulletin of Marine Science, 53 (3), 1042 - 1047." type="journal article" year="1993">
Shen
<emphasis id="A394EAB55D58FD40DF96916A83EAFE99" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="191">et al.</emphasis>
, 1993:570
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;
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.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="A394EAB55D58FD40DA8B91C6829DFE60" bold="true" box="[151,405,394,421]" pageId="36" pageNumber="191">Specimens examined.</emphasis>
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2014
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;
<materialsCitation id="21883CFA5D58FD40D856925787B9FDF0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2462935183" box="[586,1201,539,565]" collectingDate="2014-02-22" collectionCode="NMMB-P" country="Taiwan" location="Dong-gang" pageId="36" pageNumber="191" specimenCode="NMMB-P22109" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode id="C1469EDC5D58FD40D8569257800AFDF0" box="[586,770,539,565]" collectionCode="NMMB-P" pageId="36" pageNumber="191">NMMB-P22109</specimenCode>
(1, 143.4),
<location id="943F607C5D58FD40D99592578702FDF0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:194987B15D58FD40DA8B90D58721F9E3:943F607C5D58FD40D99592578702FDF0" box="[905,1034,539,565]" country="Taiwan" name="Dong-gang" pageId="36" pageNumber="191">Dong-gang</location>
,
<date id="E55E10675D58FD40DE0B925787B9FDF0" box="[1047,1201,539,565]" pageId="36" pageNumber="191" value="2014-02-22">
<collectingDate id="F51AE98F5D58FD40DE0B925787B9FDF0" box="[1047,1201,539,565]" pageId="36" pageNumber="191" value="2014-02-22">22 Feb. 2014</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="21883CFA5D58FD40DEA29256810FFD9C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2462935186" collectingDate="2016-03-05" collectionCode="NMMB-P" country="Taiwan" location="Dong-gang" pageId="36" pageNumber="191" specimenCode="NMMB-P23205" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode id="C1469EDC5D58FD40DEA29256867DFDF0" box="[1214,1397,538,565]" collectionCode="NMMB-P" pageId="36" pageNumber="191">NMMB-P23205</specimenCode>
(1, 122.0),
<location id="943F607C5D58FD40DAF292738267FD9C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:194987B15D58FD40DA8B90D58721F9E3:943F607C5D58FD40DAF292738267FD9C" box="[238,367,575,601]" country="Taiwan" name="Dong-gang" pageId="36" pageNumber="191">Dong-gang</location>
,
<date id="E55E10675D58FD40DB669272810FFD9C" box="[378,519,574,601]" pageId="36" pageNumber="191" value="2016-03-05">
<collectingDate id="F51AE98F5D58FD40DB669272810FFD9C" box="[378,519,574,601]" pageId="36" pageNumber="191" value="2016-03-05">5 Mar. 2016</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="21883CFA5D58FD40D80E927387BBFD9C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2462935175" box="[530,1203,574,601]" collectingDate="2015-04-03" collectionCode="NMMB-P" country="Taiwan" location="Dong-gang" pageId="36" pageNumber="191" specimenCode="NMMB-P23279" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
<specimenCode id="C1469EDC5D58FD40D80E927381C1FD9C" box="[530,713,575,601]" collectionCode="NMMB-P" pageId="36" pageNumber="191">NMMB-P23279</specimenCode>
(
<specimenCount id="87E6FD2E5D58FD40D8C792738036FD9C" box="[731,830,575,601]" pageId="36" pageNumber="191" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
, 139.8),
<location id="943F607C5D58FD40D9BC92738729FD9C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:194987B15D58FD40DA8B90D58721F9E3:943F607C5D58FD40D9BC92738729FD9C" box="[928,1057,575,601]" country="Taiwan" name="Dong-gang" pageId="36" pageNumber="191">Dong-gang</location>
,
<date id="E55E10675D58FD40DE30927387BBFD9C" box="[1068,1203,574,601]" pageId="36" pageNumber="191" value="2015-04-03">
<collectingDate id="F51AE98F5D58FD40DE30927387BBFD9C" box="[1068,1203,574,601]" pageId="36" pageNumber="191" value="2015-04-03">3 Apr. 2015</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="21883CFA5D58FD40DEA392738107FDB8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2462935189" collectingDate="2015-04-16" collectionCode="NMMB-P" country="Taiwan" location="Dong-gang" pageId="36" pageNumber="191" specimenCode="NMMB-P23281" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode id="C1469EDC5D58FD40DEA39273867EFD9C" box="[1215,1398,575,601]" collectionCode="NMMB-P" pageId="36" pageNumber="191">NMMB-P23281</specimenCode>
(1, 130.0),
<location id="943F607C5D58FD40DAF2922F8267FDB8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:194987B15D58FD40DA8B90D58721F9E3:943F607C5D58FD40DAF2922F8267FDB8" box="[238,367,611,637]" country="Taiwan" name="Dong-gang" pageId="36" pageNumber="191">Dong-gang</location>
,
<date id="E55E10675D58FD40DB66922F8107FDB8" box="[378,527,610,637]" pageId="36" pageNumber="191" value="2015-04-16">
<collectingDate id="F51AE98F5D58FD40DB66922F8107FDB8" box="[378,527,610,637]" pageId="36" pageNumber="191" value="2015-04-16">16 Apr. 2015</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="21883CFA5D58FD40D807922E876FFDB8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2462935181" box="[539,1127,610,638]" collectingDate="2017-01-08" collectionCode="NMMB-P" country="Taiwan" location="Dong-gang" pageId="36" pageNumber="191" specimenCode="NMMB-P25676" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode id="C1469EDC5D58FD40D807922E81DBFDB8" box="[539,723,610,637]" collectionCode="NMMB-P" pageId="36" pageNumber="191">NMMB-P25676</specimenCode>
(1, 146.6),
<location id="943F607C5D58FD40D94A922F80DFFDB8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:194987B15D58FD40DA8B90D58721F9E3:943F607C5D58FD40D94A922F80DFFDB8" box="[854,983,611,637]" country="Taiwan" name="Dong-gang" pageId="36" pageNumber="191">Dong-gang</location>
,
<date id="E55E10675D58FD40D9FE922F876FFDB8" box="[994,1127,611,637]" pageId="36" pageNumber="191" value="2017-01-08">
<collectingDate id="F51AE98F5D58FD40D9FE922F876FFDB8" box="[994,1127,611,637]" pageId="36" pageNumber="191" value="2017-01-08">8 Jan. 2017</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
. More specimens deposited in NMMB-P.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D9FA652C5D58FD40DADB92E6865DFA88" pageId="36" pageNumber="191" type="description">
<paragraph id="915F36A75D58FD40DADB92E68297FD2C" blockId="36.[151,1437,394,1574]" pageId="36" pageNumber="191">
<emphasis id="A394EAB55D58FD40DADB92E682BBFD00" bold="true" box="[199,435,682,709]" pageId="36" pageNumber="191">Diagnostic features.</emphasis>
D 111118; A 9397; P 1415; C 3+1011+34=17; LLs 94105; GR 58+610=1316; vert. 11+3942=5053.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="915F36A75D58FD40DADB92BF8154FC04" blockId="36.[151,1437,394,1574]" pageId="36" pageNumber="191">Body elongated and strongly compressed, greatest at near anterior 1/3 part of body, its depth 31.136.8% SL. Caudal peduncle narrow. Head small, more than 1/2 of body depth (18.120.6% SL); front of head with deep concavity anterior of upper eye; head profile gently curved. Snout short, protruding, snout length much shorter than eye diameter. Eyes small, diameter slightly longer than upper jaw; upper eye extremely close to dorsal margin of head. Interorbital space low and narrow; inner margins of each eye with bony ridge extending from anterior margin of lower eye to posterior interorbital space.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="915F36A75D58FD40DADB93878181FBB0" blockId="36.[151,1437,394,1574]" pageId="36" pageNumber="191">Mouth small and asymmetrical, upper-jaw length on ocular side about 4.56.2% SL; maxilla extending to or slightly beyond anterior margin of lower eye. Teeth present on both sides of both jaws; uniserial in upper jaw, teeth on blind side somewhat larger than those on ocular side; anterior teeth on lower jaw biserial, posterior teeth uniserial. Gill rakers on lower limb slender and pointed without inner serration; those on upper limb small. Scales very small and deciduous, cycloids on both sides.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="915F36A75D58FD40DADB943387FEFB78" blockId="36.[151,1437,394,1574]" pageId="36" pageNumber="191">Dorsal and anal fins very low anteriorly and posteriorly. Pectoral fin on ocular side very short, slightly longer than half of head (10.813.7% SL); that on blind side relatively short. Caudal fin round and slender.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="915F36A75D58FD40DADB948A810FFAEC" blockId="36.[151,1437,394,1574]" pageId="36" pageNumber="191">
<emphasis id="A394EAB55D58FD40DADB948A8247FB24" bold="true" box="[199,335,1222,1249]" pageId="36" pageNumber="191">Coloration.</emphasis>
Ocular side of body uniformly dark yellowish without distinct blotches or spots; all fins uniformly pale dark without distinct spots and blotches; middle part of caudal fin black except for basal part. Blind side of body uniformly yellowish white.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="915F36A75D58FD40DADB957E865DFA88" blockId="36.[151,1437,394,1574]" box="[199,1365,1330,1357]" pageId="36" pageNumber="191">
<emphasis id="A394EAB55D58FD40DADB957E83F6FA88" bold="true" box="[199,254,1330,1357]" pageId="36" pageNumber="191">Size.</emphasis>
Reaching
<quantity id="56189B425D58FD40DB6A957E82E0FA88" box="[374,488,1330,1357]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.539" pageId="36" pageNumber="191" unit="mm" value="153.9">153.9 mm</quantity>
SL in
<collectingCountry id="E9F776375D58FD40D82E957F8180FA88" box="[562,648,1331,1357]" name="Taiwan" pageId="36" pageNumber="191">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
; up to about
<quantity id="56189B425D58FD40D90B957F807CFA88" box="[791,884,1331,1357]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="36" pageNumber="191" unit="mm" value="200.0">200 mm</quantity>
SL elsewhere (
<bibRefCitation id="F5714B565D58FD40DE3C957F8641FA88" author="Hensley, D. A. &amp; Amaoka, K." box="[1056,1353,1331,1357]" pageId="36" pageNumber="191" pagination="3799 - 3841" refId="ref45115" refString="Hensley, D. A. &amp; Amaoka, K. (2001) Bothidae, Lefteye flounders. In: Carpenter, K. E. &amp; Niem, V. H. (Eds.), Species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the western central Pacific. Vol. 6. Bony fishes part 4 (Labridae to Latimeriidae), estuarine crocodiles, sea turtles, sea snakes and marine mammals. FAO, Rome, pp. 3799 - 3841." type="book chapter" year="2001">Hensley &amp; Amaoka, 2001</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D9FA652C5D58FD40DADB951A8086FA53" pageId="36" pageNumber="191" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="915F36A75D58FD40DADB951A8086FA53" blockId="36.[151,1437,394,1574]" pageId="36" pageNumber="191">
<emphasis id="A394EAB55D58FD40DADB951A8269FAB4" bold="true" box="[199,353,1366,1393]" pageId="36" pageNumber="191">Distribution.</emphasis>
Western and southwestern
<collectingCountry id="E9F776375D58FD40D88B951B81E5FAB4" box="[663,749,1367,1393]" name="Taiwan" pageId="36" pageNumber="191">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
; widespread in Indian and Western Pacific oceans, including South
<collectingCountry id="E9F776375D58FD40DAFC9537822BFA50" box="[224,291,1403,1429]" name="China" pageId="36" pageNumber="191">China</collectingCountry>
Sea to southern
<collectingCountry id="E9F776375D58FD40DBC195378128FA50" box="[477,544,1403,1429]" name="Japan" pageId="36" pageNumber="191">Japan</collectingCountry>
, and Coral Sea (
<bibRefCitation id="F5714B565D58FD40D8CB9537808AFA53" author="Amaoka, K." box="[727,898,1403,1430]" pageId="36" pageNumber="191" refId="ref43343" refString="Amaoka, K. (2016) Flatfishes of Japan (Citharidae, Paralichthyidae, Bothidae, Pleuronectidae, Poecilopsettidae, Samaridae). Tokai University Press, Hiratsuka, 229 pp. [in Japanese]" type="book" year="2016">Amaoka, 2016</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D9FA652C5D58FD40DADB95D38721F9E3" pageId="36" pageNumber="191" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="915F36A75D58FD40DADB95D38721F9E3" blockId="36.[151,1437,394,1574]" pageId="36" pageNumber="191">
<emphasis id="A394EAB55D58FD40DADB95D38233FA7C" bold="true" box="[199,315,1439,1465]" pageId="36" pageNumber="191">Remarks.</emphasis>
This species resembles members of
<taxonomicName id="56E04D245D58FD40D8C795EC8024FA7C" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1880" box="[731,812,1440,1465]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Bothidae" genus="Laeops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleuronectiformes" pageId="36" pageNumber="191" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A394EAB55D58FD40D8C795EC8024FA7C" box="[731,812,1440,1465]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="191">Laeops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the small mouth and general appearance, but can be easily separated in the presence of teeth on both jaws of both sides and the anterior two dorsal-fin rays not being separated from the remaining fin rays. Moreover, this species is closely related to
<taxonomicName id="56E04D245D58FD40DE3895A48666F9C4" authority="Fowler, 1934" authorityName="Fowler" authorityYear="1934" box="[1060,1390,1511,1537]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Bothidae" genus="Laeops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleuronectiformes" pageId="36" pageNumber="191" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="A394EAB55D58FD40DE3895A487DAF9C4" box="[1060,1234,1511,1537]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="191">Laeops gracilis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F5714B565D58FD40DECB95AB8666F9C4" author="Fowler, H. W." box="[1239,1390,1511,1537]" pageId="36" pageNumber="191" pagination="233 - 367" refId="ref44523" refString="Fowler, H. W. (1934) Description of new fishes obtained 1907 to 1910, chiefly in the Philippine Islands and adjacent seas. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 85, 233 - 367. [for 1933]" type="journal article" year="1934">Fowler, 1934</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, but it differs from the latter in having smaller head and deeper body (Amoaka, 2016).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>