283 lines
30 KiB
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283 lines
30 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.27.20657" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2e3f52bf-e79e-4119-a187-d0576e11ffcb" ID-GBIF-Taxon="135489890" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-4049-27-1" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2017" ModsDocID="1314-4049-27-1" ModsDocOrigin="MycoKeys 27" ModsDocTitle="Bretziella, a new genus to accommodate the oak wilt fungus, Ceratocystisfagacearum (Microascales, Ascomycota)" checkinTime="1508512387236" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Beer, Z. Wilhelm de, Marincowitz, Seonju, Duong, Tuan A. & Wingfield, Michael J." docDate="2017" docId="1909163A72644E9BF5B74CBCE3647173" docLanguage="en" docName="MycoKeys 27: 1-19" docOrigin="MycoKeys 27" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.27.20657" docTitle="Bretziella fagacearum Z. W. deBeer, Marinc., T. A. Duong & M. J. Wingf., comb. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" masterDocId="D34375142567AB2EFF8101394D3CFF85" masterDocTitle="Bretziella, a new genus to accommodate the oak wilt fungus, Ceratocystisfagacearum (Microascales, Ascomycota)" masterLastPageNumber="19" masterPageNumber="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" updateTime="1643484468225" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Bretziella, a new genus to accommodate the oak wilt fungus, Ceratocystisfagacearum (Microascales, Ascomycota)</mods:title>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Beer, Z. Wilhelm de</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Marincowitz, Seonju</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Duong, Tuan A.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Wingfield, Michael J.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:title>MycoKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>27</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>19</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.27.20657</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.27.20657</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-4049-27-1</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="135489890" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1909163A72644E9BF5B74CBCE3647173" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1909163A72644E9BF5B74CBCE3647173" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<taxonomicName LSID="MycoBank MB 822521" authority="(Bretz) Z. W. deBeer, Marinc., T. A. Duong & M. J. Wingf." authorityName="Z.W.de Beer, Marinc., T.A.Duong & M.J.Wingf." authorityYear="2017" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Ceratocystidaceae" genus="Bretziella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bretziella fagacearum" order="Microascales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="fagacearum">Bretziella fagacearum (Bretz) Z.W.deBeer, Marinc., T.A.Duong & M.J.Wingf.</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="3" pageNumber="4">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figures 2, 3
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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Bas.:
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<taxonomicName class="Sordariomycetes" family="Ceratocystidaceae" genus="Endoconidiophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Endoconidiophora fagacearum" order="Microascales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="fagacearum">Endoconidiophora fagacearum</taxonomicName>
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Bretz, Phytopathology 42: 436. 1952;
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<taxonomicName class="Sordariomycetes" family="Ceratocystidaceae" genus="Ceratocystis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Ceratocystis fagacearum" order="Microascales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="fagacearum">Ceratocystis fagacearum</taxonomicName>
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(Bretz) Hunt, Lloydia 19: 21. 1956. TYPES: USA. Dry culture resulting from a cross between two isolates, locations unknown, from
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ceratocystidaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Quercus" order="Microascales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Quercus</taxonomicName>
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sp., 26 Feb 1952, T.Bretz (Lectotype designated here: FP 97476, MycoBank typification number: MBT 378423). USA. Iowa, on
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ceratocystidaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Quercus rubra" order="Microascales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rubra">Quercus rubra</taxonomicName>
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, 1991, S.Seegmueller (Epitype designated here: BPI 893238, MycoBank typification number: MBT 378424; ex-epitype culture CBS 138363 = CMW 2656). Representative sequences from epitype: 60S = KM495518, LSU = KM495341, MCM7 = KM495430, ITS = KU042044, TEF1α = KU042043. See Notes 1, 2 and 3 below.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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=
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<taxonomicName class="Leotiomycetes" family="Ceratocystidaceae" genus="Chalara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Chalara quercina" order="Microascales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="quercina">Chalara quercina</taxonomicName>
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Henry, Phytopathology 34: 633. 1944;
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<taxonomicName class="Sordariomycetes" family="Ceratocystidaceae" genus="Thielaviopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Thielaviopsis quercina" order="Microascales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="quercina">Thielaviopsis quercina</taxonomicName>
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(Henry) A.E.Paulin, T.C.Harr. & McNew, Mycologia 94: 70. 2002. TYPE: USA. Dry culture, Wisconsin, Madison, on
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ceratocystidaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Quercus" order="Microascales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Quercus</taxonomicName>
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sp., Sept. 1943, B.Henry (Lectotype designated here: BPI 595712, MycoBank typification number: MBT 378425). See Note 4 below.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Descriptions.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<bibRefCitation author="Henry, BW" journalOrPublisher="Phytopathology" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="631 - 635" title="Chalaraquercina n. sp., the cause of oak wilt." volume="34" year="1944">Henry (1944</bibRefCitation>
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, pp. 631-635, Figure 1);
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<bibRefCitation author="Bretz, TW" journalOrPublisher="Plant Disease Reporter" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="298 - 299" title="A preliminary report on the perithecial stage of Chalaraquercina Henry." volume="35" year="1951">Bretz (1951</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 298, Figure 1);
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<bibRefCitation author="Bretz, TW" journalOrPublisher="Phytopathology" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="435 - 437" title="The ascigerous stage of the Oak wilt fungus." volume="42" year="1952">Bretz (1952</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 436-437, Figure 1);
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<bibRefCitation author="Stessel, G" journalOrPublisher="Phytopathology" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="65 - 70" title="The perithecial stage of Chalaraquercina in nature." volume="43" year="1953">Stessel and Zuckerman (1953</bibRefCitation>
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, pp. 65-67, Figure 1);
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<bibRefCitation author="Hunt, J" journalOrPublisher="Lloydia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 58" title="Taxonomy of the genus Ceratocystis." volume="19" year="1956">Hunt (1956</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 21); Nag Raj and Kendrick (1975, pp. 94, 131, figure 32A);
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<bibRefCitation author="Upadhyay, HP" journalOrPublisher="University of Georgia Press, Athens, GA, USA" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" title="A monograph of Ceratocystis and Ceratocystiopsis." year="1981">Upadhyay (1981</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 66).
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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Figure 3. Line drawings of the oak wilt fungus. These illustrations are based on previously published line drawings and observations of the herbarium specimens (BPI 595712, FP 97476) in the present study. A Conidiophore and conidia in 10 % KOH (BPI 595712) B Ascomatal primordium re-drawn from
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<bibRefCitation author="Wilson, CL" journalOrPublisher="Phytopathology" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="625 - 632" title="Development of the ascogonium and perithecium of Endoconidiophorafagacearum." volume="46" year="1956">Wilson (1956)</bibRefCitation>
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C Median, histological section through ascoma embedded in the mycelial mat, re-drawn from
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<bibRefCitation author="Bretz, TW" journalOrPublisher="Phytopathology" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="435 - 437" title="The ascigerous stage of the Oak wilt fungus." volume="42" year="1952">Bretz (1952)</bibRefCitation>
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D Ascospores in 10 % KOH (FP 97476) E Ostiolar hyphae (FP 97476). Scale bars: A, D = 10
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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, E = 50
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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, B, C = 100
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="note 1">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Note 1.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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Based on the one fungus one name principles adopted in the Melbourne Code (
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<bibRefCitation author="Hawksworth, DL" journalOrPublisher="MycoKeys" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="7 - 20" title="A new dawn for the naming of fungi: impacts of decisions made in Melbourne in July 2011 on the future publication and regulation of fungal names." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.1.2062" volume="1" year="2011">Hawksworth 2011</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="McNeill, J" journalOrPublisher="Mycologia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" url="http://www.iapt-taxon.org/nomen/main.php" year="2012">McNeill et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
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), the older basionym of the oak wilt pathogen,
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<taxonomicName class="Leotiomycetes" family="Hamatocanthoscyphaceae" genus="Chalara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Chalara quercina" order="Helotiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="quercina">Chalara quercina</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Henry, BW" journalOrPublisher="Phytopathology" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="631 - 635" title="Chalaraquercina n. sp., the cause of oak wilt." volume="34" year="1944">Henry 1944</bibRefCitation>
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), has nomenclatural priority over
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<taxonomicName class="Sordariomycetes" genus="Endoconidiophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Endoconidiophora fagacearum" order="Microascales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="fagacearum">Endoconidiophora fagacearum</taxonomicName>
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, the name
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<bibRefCitation author="Bretz, TW" journalOrPublisher="Phytopathology" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="435 - 437" title="The ascigerous stage of the Oak wilt fungus." volume="42" year="1952">Bretz (1952)</bibRefCitation>
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assigned to the sexual state of the fungus. However, since
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<bibRefCitation author="Hunt, J" journalOrPublisher="Lloydia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 58" title="Taxonomy of the genus Ceratocystis." volume="19" year="1956">Hunt (1956)</bibRefCitation>
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treated the fungus as
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<taxonomicName class="Sordariomycetes" family="Ceratocystidaceae" genus="Ceratocystis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Ceratocystis fagacearum" order="Microascales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="fagacearum">Ceratocystis fagacearum</taxonomicName>
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, the latter name were given preference under the dual nomenclature system in all major taxonomic works on the genus to date (
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<bibRefCitation author="Griffin, HD" journalOrPublisher="Canadian Journal of Botany" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="689 - 718" title="The genus Ceratocystis in Ontario." url="https://doi.org/10.1139/b68-094" volume="46" year="1968">Griffin 1968</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="De Hoog, GS" journalOrPublisher="Studies in Mycology" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 84" title="The genera Blastobotrys, Sporothrix, Calcarisporium and Calcarisporiella gen. nov." url="http://www.westerdijkinstitute.nl/publications/1007/sim7_files/sim7.htm" volume="7" year="1974">De Hoog 1974</bibRefCitation>
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, Nag Raj and Kendrick 1975,
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<bibRefCitation author="Upadhyay, HP" journalOrPublisher="University of Georgia Press, Athens, GA, USA" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" title="A monograph of Ceratocystis and Ceratocystiopsis." year="1981">Upadhyay 1981</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Seifert et al. 1993</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Paulin-Mahady, AE" journalOrPublisher="Mycologia" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="62 - 72" title="Phylogenetic and taxonomic evaluation of Chalara, Chalaropsis, and Thielaviopsis anamorphs associated with Ceratocystis." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/15572536.2003.11833249" volume="94" year="2002">Paulin-Mahady et al. 2002</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Harrington, TC" editor="Appel, DN" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" title="USDA Forest Service, Forest Health Protection, Austin, Texas" url="http://www.texasoakwilt.org/Professionals/NOWS/conference_assets/NOWS_Proceedings.pdfpage=27" year="2009">Harrington 2009</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation pageId="3" pageNumber="4">De Beer et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
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b, 2014,
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<bibRefCitation pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Wingfield et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Mayers, CG" journalOrPublisher="Fungal Biology" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1075 - 1092" title="Three genera in the Ceratocystidaceae are the respective symbionts of three independent lineages of ambrosia beetles with large, complex mycangia." url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.funbio.2015.08.002" volume="119" year="2015">Mayers et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
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). During the course of the past approximately 60 years, the name
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<taxonomicName class="Sordariomycetes" family="Ceratocystidaceae" genus="Ceratocystis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Ceratocystis fagacearum" order="Microascales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="fagacearum">Ceratocystis fagacearum</taxonomicName>
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has also been adopted by plant pathologists and mycologists working on all aspects of the important disease known as oak wilt and the biology of the fungus (e.g.
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<bibRefCitation author="Shigo, AL" journalOrPublisher="Mycologia" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="757 - 769" title="Fungi isolated from oak-wilt trees and their effects on Ceratocystisfagacearum." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/3756184" volume="50" year="1958">Shigo 1958</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Cobb, FW" journalOrPublisher="Phytopathology" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1194 - 1199" title="Factors affecting infection of red and chestnut oaks by Ceratocystisfagacearum." volume="55" year="1965">Cobb et al. 1965</bibRefCitation>
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, Peplinksi and Merrill 1974,
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<bibRefCitation author="Gibbs, JN" journalOrPublisher="North Central Forest Experiment Station, USDA Forest Service Research Paper NC-" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 17" title="The transmission of oak wilt." url="https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/10706" volume="185" year="1980">Gibbs and French 1980</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Juzwik, J" journalOrPublisher="Phytopathology" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1164 - 1168" title="Ceratocystisfagacearum and C. piceae on the surfaces of free-flying and fungus-mat-inhabiting Nitidulids." url="https://doi.org/10.1094/Phyto-73-1164" volume="73" year="1983">Juzwik and French 1983</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Appel, DN" journalOrPublisher="European Journal of Forest Pathology" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="412 - 417" title="Nitidulids as vectors of the oak wilt fungus and other Ceratocystis spp. in Texas." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/1439-0329.ep8118807" volume="20" year="1990">Appel et al. 1990</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Kile 1993</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Gibbs, JN" journalOrPublisher="New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="411 - 419" title="Protecting Europe's forests: how to keep out both known and unknown pathogens." url="http://www.scionresearch.com/__data/assets/pdf_file/0017/5345/NZJFS333P411_419GIBBS.pdf" volume="33" year="2003">Gibbs 2003</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Juzwik, J" journalOrPublisher="Annual Review of Phytopathology" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="13 - 26" title="The origin of Ceratocystisfagacearum, the oak wilt fungus." url="https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.phyto.45.062806.094406" volume="46" year="2008">Juzwik et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Juzwik, J" journalOrPublisher="Plant Disease" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="888 - 900" title="Challenges and successes in managing Oak Wilt in the United States." url="https://doi.org/10.1094/pdis-12-10-0944" volume="95" year="2011">2011</bibRefCitation>
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). A search on 26 August 2017 for
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<taxonomicName genus="C." lsidName="C. fagacearum" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species" species="fagacearum">C. fagacearum</taxonomicName>
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in Google Scholar and Google respectively yielded 1940 and 119000 hits, while the name
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<taxonomicName genus="Ch." lsidName="Ch. quercina" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species" species="quercina">Ch. quercina</taxonomicName>
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yielded only 431 and 3330 hits respectively. This provides strong evidence that
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<taxonomicName genus="C." lsidName="C. fagacearum" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species" species="fagacearum">C. fagacearum</taxonomicName>
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is the more 'widely
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<normalizedToken originalValue="used’">used'</normalizedToken>
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name (see
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<bibRefCitation author="Hawksworth, DL" journalOrPublisher="IMA Fungus" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="15 - 24" title="Managing and coping with names of pleomorphic fungi in a period of transition." url="https://doi.org/10.5598/imafungus.2012.03.01.03" volume="3" year="2012">Hawksworth 2012</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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In the present study, we have shown that the oak wilt fungus does not belong in
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<taxonomicName class="Sordariomycetes" family="Ceratocystidaceae" genus="Ceratocystis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Ceratocystis" order="Microascales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">Ceratocystis</taxonomicName>
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s. str.,
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<taxonomicName class="Sordariomycetes" genus="Endoconidiophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Endoconidiophora" order="Microascales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">Endoconidiophora</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Sordariomycetes" family="Ceratocystidaceae" genus="Thielaviopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Thielaviopsis" order="Microascales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">Thielaviopsis</taxonomicName>
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or any of the other genera currently accepted in the
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<taxonomicName genus="Ceratocystidaceae" lsidName="Ceratocystidaceae" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="genus">Ceratocystidaceae</taxonomicName>
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(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="De Beer, ZW" journalOrPublisher="Studies in Mycology" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="187 - 219" title="Redefining Ceratocystis and allied genera." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2014.10.001" volume="79" year="2014">De Beer et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mayers, CG" journalOrPublisher="Fungal Biology" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1075 - 1092" title="Three genera in the Ceratocystidaceae are the respective symbionts of three independent lineages of ambrosia beetles with large, complex mycangia." url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.funbio.2015.08.002" volume="119" year="2015">Mayers et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). We have consequently suggested that it is treated in a novel genus for which we have provided the name
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Z.W.de Beer, Marinc., T.A.Duong & M.J.Wingf., 2017" authorityName="Z.W.de Beer, Marinc., T.A.Duong & M.J.Wingf." authorityYear="2017" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Ceratocystidaceae" genus="Bretziella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bretziella" order="Microascales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">Bretziella</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Based on the widespread use of the name
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="C." lsidName="C. fagacearum" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species" species="fagacearum">C. fagacearum</taxonomicName>
|
||
, we submitted a formal proposal that its basionym,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Sordariomycetes" genus="Endoconidiophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Endoconidiophora fagacearum" order="Microascales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="fagacearum">Endoconidiophora fagacearum</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is conserved against
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Leotiomycetes" family="Hamatocanthoscyphaceae" genus="Chalara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Chalara quercina" order="Helotiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="quercina">Chalara quercina</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Sordariomycetes" family="Ceratocystidaceae" genus="Thielaviopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Thielaviopsis quercina" order="Microascales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="quercina">Thielaviopsis quercina</taxonomicName>
|
||
), to enable the new combination,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Z.W.de Beer, Marinc., T.A.Duong & M.J.Wingf., 2017" authorityName="Z.W.de Beer, Marinc., T.A.Duong & M.J.Wingf." authorityYear="2017" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Ceratocystidaceae" genus="Bretziella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bretziella fagacearum" order="Microascales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="fagacearum">Bretziella fagacearum</taxonomicName>
|
||
, proposed above.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="note 2">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Note 2.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
In the protologue of
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="E." lsidName="E. fagacearum" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species" species="fagacearum">E. fagacearum</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bretz, TW" journalOrPublisher="Phytopathology" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="435 - 437" title="The ascigerous stage of the Oak wilt fungus." volume="42" year="1952">Bretz (1952)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
specified the location of the holotype as 'Type, For. Path. 97476, deposited in the Mycological Collections of the Bureau of Plant Industry, Soils and Agricultural
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Engineering’">Engineering'</normalizedToken>
|
||
. In subsequent studies, the holotype specimen was referred to as 'BPI-FP 97476' (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hunt, J" journalOrPublisher="Lloydia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 58" title="Taxonomy of the genus Ceratocystis." volume="19" year="1956">Hunt 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Nag Raj and Kendrick 1975,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Upadhyay, HP" journalOrPublisher="University of Georgia Press, Athens, GA, USA" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" title="A monograph of Ceratocystis and Ceratocystiopsis." year="1981">Upadhyay 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). BPI has confirmed to us that this specimen had been lost. Fortunately, another specimen with the same number (FP 97476) as the one used in the protologue, was recently discovered in the Centre for Forest Mycology Research Herbarium USDA-FS-NRS (FP) and was made available for this study. This specimen included a note by T. Bretz dated 26 Feb. 1952, marked as
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘type’">'type'</normalizedToken>
|
||
. It is thus clear that this specimen represents an isotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="E." lsidName="E. fagacearum" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species" species="fagacearum">E. fagacearum</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Based on Art. 9.12 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="McNeill, J" journalOrPublisher="Mycologia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" url="http://www.iapt-taxon.org/nomen/main.php" year="2012">McNeill et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), we designate FP 97476 as lectotype for
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="E." lsidName="E. fagacearum" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species" species="fagacearum">E. fagacearum</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="note 3">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Note 3.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
The lectotypes designated here for
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Ch." lsidName="Ch. quercina" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species" species="quercina">Ch. quercina</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="E." lsidName="E. fagacearum" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species" species="fagacearum">E. fagacearum</taxonomicName>
|
||
both consist of dried specimens for which DNA sequence data are not available. However, based on careful microscopic comparisons between these two specimens and a living isolate from Iowa (Figure 2), we have concluded that the specimens and isolate all represent the same species. Although
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bretz, TW" journalOrPublisher="Plant Disease Reporter" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="298 - 299" title="A preliminary report on the perithecial stage of Chalaraquercina Henry." volume="35" year="1951">Bretz (1951</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bretz, TW" journalOrPublisher="Phytopathology" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="435 - 437" title="The ascigerous stage of the Oak wilt fungus." volume="42" year="1952">1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) did not specify the host and location of the (now) lectotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="E." lsidName="E. fagacearum" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species" species="fagacearum">E. fagacearum</taxonomicName>
|
||
, he stated that ascomata were obtained from multiple crosses between isolates from several
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus" order="Fagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Quercus</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. and Chinese chestnut (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Castanea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Castanea mollissima" order="Fagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mollissima">Castanea mollissima</taxonomicName>
|
||
) occurring in Missouri, Arkansas, Ohio, Michigan, Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Kentucky, Tennessee, North Carolina, and Virginia. The specimen of
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Henry, BW" journalOrPublisher="Phytopathology" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="631 - 635" title="Chalaraquercina n. sp., the cause of oak wilt." volume="34" year="1944">Henry (1944)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
came from an unnamed
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus" order="Fagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Quercus</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. in Wisconsin, but he also included isolates from several
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus" order="Fagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Quercus</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. in Illinois, Iowa, and Minnesota in his study. Thus, although our living isolates do not come from the same host species and location as the lectotypes, they originate from the same host genus and geographical area (Midwest and Eastern States) from where isolates have been included in the studies of
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Henry, BW" journalOrPublisher="Phytopathology" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="631 - 635" title="Chalaraquercina n. sp., the cause of oak wilt." volume="34" year="1944">Henry (1944)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bretz, TW" journalOrPublisher="Plant Disease Reporter" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="298 - 299" title="A preliminary report on the perithecial stage of Chalaraquercina Henry." volume="35" year="1951">Bretz (1951</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bretz, TW" journalOrPublisher="Phytopathology" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="435 - 437" title="The ascigerous stage of the Oak wilt fungus." volume="42" year="1952">1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Based on the morphology, host, and origin, we have designated a dried culture of one of our isolates as epitype for
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="E." lsidName="E. fagacearum" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species" species="fagacearum">E. fagacearum</taxonomicName>
|
||
to enable the inclusion of the oak wilt fungus in DNA based studies.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="note 4">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="5" start="start">Note</pageBreakToken>
|
||
4.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Henry, BW" journalOrPublisher="Phytopathology" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="631 - 635" title="Chalaraquercina n. sp., the cause of oak wilt." volume="34" year="1944">Henry (1944)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
lodged the original specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Leotiomycetes" family="Hamatocanthoscyphaceae" genus="Chalara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Chalara quercina" order="Helotiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="quercina">Chalara quercina</taxonomicName>
|
||
in two collections but did not designate either as the holotype. One of these specimens (BPI 595712 = FP 94260) was included in the present study and is designated here as lectotype.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |