175 lines
12 KiB
XML
175 lines
12 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.585.7503" ID-GBIF-Dataset="284e15e6-931f-4863-b037-68a83c8b53a8" ID-PMC="PMC4857038" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-585-51" ID-PubMed="27199604" ID-ZBK="B914D8CF92A14C948EDC7CE8B0202076" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1313-2970-585-51" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 585" ModsDocTitle="Megastigmus seed chalcids (Hymenoptera, Torymidae) radiated much more on Angiosperms than previously considered. I- Description of 8 new species from Kenya, with a key to the females of Eastern and Southern Africa" checkinTime="1461901611862" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Roques, Alain, Copeland, Robert S., Soldati, Laurent, Denux, Olivier & Auger-Rozenberg, Marie-Anne" docDate="2016" docId="0D89A9E7BC47A88F6C4A2C102560E88D" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 585: 51-124" docOrigin="ZooKeys 585" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.585.7503" docTitle="Megastigmus copelandi Roques & Copeland, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="7FD3FBF4-C166-4172-B1F0-98CEFA571BC8" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="74" masterDocId="FF812555FFDD75799D3DFF99922B9D29" masterDocTitle="Megastigmus seed chalcids (Hymenoptera, Torymidae) radiated much more on Angiosperms than previously considered. I- Description of 8 new species from Kenya, with a key to the females of Eastern and Southern Africa" masterLastPageNumber="124" masterPageNumber="51" pageNumber="73" updateTime="1668163066542" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Megastigmus seed chalcids (Hymenoptera, Torymidae) radiated much more on Angiosperms than previously considered. I- Description of 8 new species from Kenya, with a key to the females of Eastern and Southern Africa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Roques, Alain</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Copeland, Robert S.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Soldati, Laurent</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Denux, Olivier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Auger-Rozenberg, Marie-Anne</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>585</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>51</mods:start>
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<mods:end>124</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.585.7503</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.585.7503</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-585-51</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">B914D8CF92A14C948EDC7CE8B0202076</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">B914D8CF92A14C948EDC7CE8B0202076</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127898989" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7FD3FBF4-C166-4172-B1F0-98CEFA571BC8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0D89A9E7BC47A88F6C4A2C102560E88D" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="74" pageId="22" pageNumber="73">
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<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="73" type="multiple">
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<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="73">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="22" pageNumber="73" start="start">Taxon</pageBreakToken>
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classification Animalia Hymenoptera Torymidae
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="73" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="73">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/7FD3FBF4-C166-4172-B1F0-98CEFA571BC8" authority="Roques & Copeland" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Megastigmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megastigmus copelandi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="copelandi">Megastigmus copelandi Roques & Copeland</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="22" pageNumber="73">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="73" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="73">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="73">
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Holotype ♀: Kenya, Coast Province, Taita hills, Mwatate area,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-3.4894">3.48940°S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="38.33298">38.33298°E</geoCoordinate>
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, 1050m, 4 Feb 2012, ex.
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Grewia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Grewia tephrodermis" order="Malvales" pageId="22" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tephrodermis">Grewia tephrodermis</taxonomicName>
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seeds, CHIESA coll. N°98, R. Copeland leg. (NMKE)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="73">Paratypes: 2 ♀♀, same collection data as holotype (1 ♀ RSC; 1 ♀ ARC)</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="73" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="73">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="73">
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Holotype ♀. Small species with body length (without ovipositor) 2.6 mm; length of ovipositor sheaths 1.1 mm. Body colour entirely orange to dark orange except a few black patterns including contours of each ocellus, a spot at wing insertions, contour of propodeal spiracle, rounded spots on the lateral parts of T3, a lunule on the middle of T4, and 2 elongated blackspots on the lateral sides of T5 (Figures 36, 37). Head and gaster dark orange contrasting with the paler orange of the thorax (Figure 37). Pilosity on head entirely pale (Figure 39). Antenna brownish. Thoracic dorsum with long black hairs but lateral parts with pale hairs; scutellum with 3 lateral pairs of long black hairs (Figure 38). Propodeum with pale hairs, coxa and legs with pale hairs. Forewing stigma black without infuscation; basal cell with two small setae, closed by a basal setal line with five long setae and a costal setal line with seven long setae (Figure 41). Ovipositor sheaths black, 0.9
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as gaster, 0.4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as body (Figure 37).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="73">
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Head rounded, width: height ratio: 1.3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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; POL: OOL 1.0; inter-antennal area as broad as torulus width; scrobe short, ca. 2.6
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as wide. Scape 1.2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as combined length of pedicel, anellus, and F1 (Figure 40); scape 0.8
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as combined length of pedicel, anellus, F1 and F2; anellus subquadrate; F1 1.1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as pedicel, 1.6
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as wide; F2 1.9
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as wide; following funicular segments becoming increasingly elongate, with F7 2.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as wide. Pronotum, mid- and lateral lobes of mesoscutum, and axilla with very coarse transverse carinae; mid-lobe of mesoscutum 1.1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as scutellum. Scutellum 1.2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as wide, with irregular transverse striae; frenum 0.4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as scutellum length, densely wrinkled. Stigma elongate, oval-oblique, about 1.4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as wide (Figure 41); upper part of stigmal vein short, 0.3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as stigma length; uncus 0.9
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as upper part of stigmal vein; marginal vein 0.9
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as postmarginal vein. Propodeum with cross- striae tending to reticulate in the anterior part but without median carina.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="73">Variation. Females range in length from 2.6-2.7 mm. In one paratype, gaster is dark brown. Wing chaetotaxy is variable with basal setal line with 5-6 long setae and costal setal line with 3-6 setae.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="73">No males reared.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="73" type="host plants">
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<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="73">Host plants.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="73">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Grewia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Grewia tephrodermis" order="Malvales" pageId="22" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tephrodermis">Grewia tephrodermis</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName family="Malvaceae" lsidName="Anacardiaceae" pageId="22" pageNumber="73" rank="family">Malvaceae</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="73" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="73">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="73">
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Known only from the Mwatate area, Taita Hills, Kenya.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Megastigmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megastigmus copelandi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="copelandi">Megastigmus copelandi</taxonomicName>
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emerged from 0.7% of collected fruits (Table 3). Probably a seed feeder.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="73" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="73">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="73">Named after Dr. Robert Copeland, who collected the specimen.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="74" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="74">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="23" pageNumber="74" start="start">Diagnosis</pageBreakToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="74">
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The combination of an almost entirely orange body, pale pilosity on the head, and an ovipositor a bit shorter than gaster length readily distinguishes this species from other Afrotropical
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Megastigmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megastigmus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Megastigmus</taxonomicName>
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, and from
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Megastigmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megastigmus grewianae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grewianae">Megastigmus grewianae</taxonomicName>
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, in particular, which also attacks
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Grewia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Grewia" order="Malvales" pageId="23" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Grewia</taxonomicName>
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fruits. The latter species is much larger (4.1 mm vs. 2.6-2.7) and has an ovipositor ca. 1.8
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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longer than gaster length (Figure 82) vs. 0.9
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Megastigmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megastigmus copelandi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="copelandi">Megastigmus copelandi</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |