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<document id="F500809C9F7EE4453C95906999544F03" ID-CLB-Dataset="31003" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4370.5.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8d311d5f-01bd-4a08-bb54-3bcac98ea7c2" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1147211" ID-ZooBank="88C1C5A7-3C4E-416D-A716-D8B3D62E720D" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1515996927509" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Pacheco, Cristian, Carballo, José Luis, Cortés, Jorge, Segovia, Johanna &amp; Trejo, Alejandra" docDate="2018" docId="BC2D87B27B78E5445FB58435FDF8F8AB" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4370.5.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4370 (5)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Cliothosa tylostrongylata Cruz-Barraza, Carballo, Bautista-Guerrero &amp; Nava 2011" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="472" masterDocId="4014FFCA7B6CE5515F22823AFF8EFFFB" masterDocTitle="Excavating sponges from the Pacific of Central America, descriptions and a faunistic record" masterLastPageNumber="491" masterPageNumber="451" pageNumber="471" updateTime="1698513999459" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="F330DB9463FC8980BAB61A6569D91FE6">Excavating sponges from the Pacific of Central America, descriptions and a faunistic record</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="1081430593871F1C8DD3C252AE1EC729">Pacheco, Cristian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F35786F189D8BC4DD9C1465EE30D4AB5">Carballo, José Luis</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C4C5A2B45EC813A2915396825494FCAF">Cortés, Jorge</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C1F0C1CBAB4E276A3C74466D0436C61A">Segovia, Johanna</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="73FC4A6D9C79FA2184B96040B1AB2C69">Trejo, Alejandra</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="0ABD15387388FC09B8FF5BF36022D54A">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="24F2E1330B655FE9CEE0C051386F8812">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="870114013242869CFCDC11532B46818C">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="11B0E5B51A3D70F5616579EFC266EC20">2018-01-15</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="8ADF7867DCBAA36E592357C7D2AC4600">4370</mods:number>
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<treatment id="BC2D87B27B78E5445FB58435FDF8F8AB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6490655" ID-GBIF-Taxon="140317922" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6490655" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BC2D87B27B78E5445FB58435FDF8F8AB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/BC2D87B27B78E5445FB58435FDF8F8AB" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="472" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">
<subSubSection id="7C9E652F7B78E5455FB58435FB11F9D2" box="[151,1183,1551,1577]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="343B36A47B78E5455FB58435FB11F9D2" blockId="20.[151,1183,1551,1577]" box="[151,1183,1551,1577]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">
<heading id="6F7381C87B78E5455FB58435FB11F9D2" bold="true" box="[151,1183,1551,1577]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="F3844D277B78E5455FB58435FB11F9D2" authority="Cruz-Barraza, Carballo, Bautista-Guerrero &amp; Nava, 2011" authorityName="Cruz-Barraza, Carballo, Bautista-Guerrero &amp; Nava" authorityYear="2011" box="[151,1183,1551,1577]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliothosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tylostrongylata">
<emphasis id="06F0EAB67B78E5455FB58435FB11F9D2" bold="true" box="[151,1183,1551,1577]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">
<emphasis id="06F0EAB67B78E5455FB58435FE4BF9D2" bold="true" box="[151,453,1551,1577]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Cliothosa tylostrongylata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="50154B557B78E5455EEE8435FB11F9D2" author="Cruz-Barraza" box="[460,1183,1551,1577]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" refString="Cruz-Barraza, J. A., Carballo, J. L., Bautista-Guerrero, E. &amp; Nava, H. (2011) New species of excavating sponges (Porifera: Demospongiae) on coral reefs from the Mexican Pacific Ocean. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 91, 999 - 1013. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / s 0025315410002079" type="journal article" year="2011">Cruz-Barraza, Carballo, Bautista-Guerrero &amp; Nava, 2011</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7C9E652F7B78E5455FB5846CFAEBF8D8" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="343B36A47B78E5455FB5846CFCE1F904" blockId="20.[151,1437,1622,2007]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">
<materialsCitation id="84EC3CF97B78E5455FB5846CFA16F968" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1803103870" collectingDate="2012-01-15" collectionCode="ICMYL, IT" country="Panama" county="Material" determinerName="Cristian Pacheco Solano" elevation="1" location="Cty." municipality="Cty." pageId="20" pageNumber="471" specimenCount="1">
<emphasis id="06F0EAB67B78E5455FB5846CFE2BF994" bold="true" box="[151,421,1622,1647]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">
<collectingCounty id="DD5A4E287B78E5455FB5846CFF71F994" box="[151,255,1622,1647]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Material</collectingCounty>
examined.
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="5295AE617B78E5455EF0846CFDBDF994" box="[466,563,1622,1647]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">ICMYL</collectionCode>
.
<collectingMunicipality id="D45FACDE7B78E5455D14846CFDEAF994" box="[566,612,1622,1647]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Cty.</collectingMunicipality>
59.
<collectionCode id="5295AE617B78E5455DA1846CFD11F994" box="[643,671,1622,1647]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">IT</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="5295AE617B78E5455DED846CFCA1F994" box="[719,815,1622,1647]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">ICMYL</collectionCode>
.
<location id="315B607F7B78E5455C11846CFCEFF994" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BC2D87B27B78E5445FB58435FDF8F8AB:315B607F7B78E5455C11846CFCEFF994" box="[819,865,1622,1647]" country="Panama" county="Material" municipality="Cty." name="Cty." pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Cty.</location>
60.
<collectionCode id="5295AE617B78E5455CA3846CFC13F994" box="[897,925,1622,1647]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">IT</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="5295AE617B78E5455CEF846CFBA1F994" box="[973,1071,1622,1647]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">ICMYL</collectionCode>
.
<location id="315B607F7B78E5455B10846CFBEFF994" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BC2D87B27B78E5445FB58435FDF8F8AB:315B607F7B78E5455B10846CFBEFF994" box="[1074,1121,1622,1647]" country="Panama" county="Material" municipality="Cty." name="Cty." pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Cty.</location>
61.
<collectionCode id="5295AE617B78E5455B5C846CFB14F994" box="[1150,1178,1622,1647]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">IT</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="5295AE617B78E5455BE9846CFAA5F994" box="[1227,1323,1622,1647]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">ICMYL</collectionCode>
.
<location id="315B607F7B78E5455A0C846CFAD3F994" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BC2D87B27B78E5445FB58435FDF8F8AB:315B607F7B78E5455A0C846CFAD3F994" box="[1326,1373,1622,1647]" country="Panama" county="Material" municipality="Cty." name="Cty." pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Cty.</location>
62.
<collectionCode id="5295AE617B78E5455A5E846CFA16F994" box="[1404,1432,1622,1647]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">IT</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="5295AE617B78E5455FB58440FF77F968" box="[151,249,1658,1683]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">ICMYL</collectionCode>
.
<location id="315B607F7B78E5455FDE8440FEA5F968" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BC2D87B27B78E5445FB58435FDF8F8AB:315B607F7B78E5455FDE8440FEA5F968" box="[252,299,1658,1683]" country="Panama" county="Material" municipality="Cty." name="Cty." pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Cty.</location>
63.
<collectionCode id="5295AE617B78E5455E688440FEE8F968" box="[330,358,1658,1683]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">IT</collectionCode>
:
<location id="315B607F7B78E5455E5E8440FD99F968" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BC2D87B27B78E5445FB58435FDF8F8AB:315B607F7B78E5455E5E8440FD99F968" box="[380,535,1658,1683]" country="Panama" county="Material" municipality="Cty." name="Islas Taboga" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Islas Taboga</location>
,
<collectingCountry id="4C9376347B78E5455D0F8441FD08F969" box="[557,646,1659,1682]" name="Panama" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Panama</collectingCountry>
Bay,
<elevation id="BFA9D1977B78E5455DFF8441FC98F969" box="[733,790,1659,1683]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" unit="m" value="1.0">
<quantity id="F37C9B417B78E5455DFF8441FC98F969" box="[733,790,1659,1683]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</quantity>
</elevation>
,
<collectingDate id="507EE98C7B78E5455C0F8440FC15F968" box="[813,923,1658,1683]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" value="2012-01-15">
<date id="403A10647B78E5455C0F8440FC15F968" box="[813,923,1658,1683]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" value="2012-01-15">15.I.2012</date>
</collectingDate>
, coll. and det.
<determinerName id="C1E7DA607B78E5455B4E8440FA16F968" box="[1132,1432,1658,1683]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Cristian Pacheco Solano</determinerName>
</materialsCitation>
. ICMYL.
<materialsCitation id="84EC3CF97B78E5455FDF84A4FE93F920" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1803103878" collectingDate="2012-12-19" collectionCode="FS, ICMYL" country="Panama" determinerName="Cristian Pacheco Solano." elevation="3" location="Cty." municipality="Cty." pageId="20" pageNumber="471" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bahia">
<collectingMunicipality id="D45FACDE7B78E5455FDF84A4FEA2F94C" box="[253,300,1694,1719]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Cty.</collectingMunicipality>
125.
<collectionCode id="5295AE617B78E5455E7A84A4FEF6F94C" box="[344,376,1694,1719]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">FS</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="5295AE617B78E5455EA684A5FE69F94C" box="[388,487,1695,1719]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">ICMYL</collectionCode>
.
<location id="315B607F7B78E5455EC884A5FD97F94C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BC2D87B27B78E5445FB58435FDF8F8AB:315B607F7B78E5455EC884A5FD97F94C" box="[490,537,1695,1719]" country="Panama" municipality="Cty." name="Cty." pageId="20" pageNumber="471" stateProvince="Bahia">Cty.</location>
130.
<collectionCode id="5295AE617B78E5455D6584A5FDE9F94C" box="[583,615,1695,1719]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">FS</collectionCode>
:
<collectingRegion id="F640F8467B78E5455D5384A4FD3CF94C" box="[625,690,1694,1719]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Bahía</collectingRegion>
Culebra,
<elevation id="BFA9D1977B78E5455C3D84A5FCC2F94D" box="[799,844,1695,1719]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" unit="m" value="3.0">
<quantity id="F37C9B417B78E5455C3D84A5FCC2F94D" box="[799,844,1695,1719]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" unit="m" value="3.0">3 m</quantity>
</elevation>
,
<collectingDate id="507EE98C7B78E5455C7584A5FC6CF94C" box="[855,994,1695,1719]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" value="2012-12-19">
<date id="403A10647B78E5455C7584A5FC6CF94C" box="[855,994,1695,1719]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" value="2012-12-19">19.XII.2012</date>
</collectingDate>
, coll. and det.
<determinerName id="C1E7DA607B78E5455BA684A4FA13F94C" box="[1156,1437,1694,1719]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Cristian Pacheco Solano.</determinerName>
ICMARES
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="84EC3CF97B78E5455E0284F8FCE5F904" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1803103872" collectingDate="2016-10-24" collectorName="Johanna Segovia" country="El Salvador" county="Playa" determinerName="Jose Luis Carballo" elevation="3" location="Los Cobanos" municipality="Faro" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" specimenCount="1">
UES.CI.66, ICMARES.UES.CI.67, ICMARES.UES.CI.68,
<collectingCounty id="DD5A4E287B78E5455CE184F8FB8FF920" box="[963,1025,1730,1755]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Playa</collectingCounty>
el
<collectingMunicipality id="D45FACDE7B78E5455B0584F9FBD3F921" box="[1063,1117,1731,1754]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Faro</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="315B607F7B78E5455B4984F9FA8DF920" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BC2D87B27B78E5445FB58435FDF8F8AB:315B607F7B78E5455B4984F9FA8DF920" box="[1131,1283,1730,1755]" country="El Salvador" county="Playa" municipality="Faro" name="Los Cobanos" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Los Cóbanos</location>
,
<collectingCountry id="4C9376347B78E5455A3284F8FA16F920" box="[1296,1432,1730,1755]" name="El Salvador" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">El Salvador</collectingCountry>
, &lt;
<elevation id="BFA9D1977B78E5455F8A84DDFF5AF905" box="[168,212,1767,1791]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" unit="m" value="3.0">
<quantity id="F37C9B417B78E5455F8A84DDFF5AF905" box="[168,212,1767,1791]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" unit="m" value="3.0">3 m</quantity>
</elevation>
,
<collectingDate id="507EE98C7B78E5455FFD84DCFED6F904" box="[223,344,1766,1791]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" value="2016-10-24">
<date id="403A10647B78E5455FFD84DCFED6F904" box="[223,344,1766,1791]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" value="2016-10-24">24.X.2016</date>
</collectingDate>
, coll.
<collectorName id="997153727B78E5455EBE84DCFDD2F904" box="[412,604,1766,1791]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Johanna Segovia</collectorName>
, det.
<determinerName id="C1E7DA607B78E5455DB584DCFCE5F904" box="[663,875,1766,1791]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">José Luis Carballo</determinerName>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="343B36A47B78E5455FE58530FAEBF8D8" blockId="20.[151,1437,1622,2007]" box="[199,1381,1802,1827]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">
<emphasis id="06F0EAB67B78E5455FE58530FE42F8D8" bold="true" box="[199,460,1802,1827]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">External morphology.</emphasis>
Endolithic sponge in alpha morphology, with discrete papillae. Live color yellow.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7C9E652F7B78E5445FE58514FC54FEBB" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="472" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" type="description">
<paragraph id="343B36A47B78E5455FE58514FE7CF8BC" blockId="20.[151,1437,1622,2007]" box="[199,498,1838,1863]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">
<emphasis id="06F0EAB67B78E5455FE58514FEDAF8BC" bold="true" box="[199,340,1838,1863]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Excavation.</emphasis>
Not assessed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="343B36A47B78E5445FE58568FC54FEBB" blockId="20.[151,1437,1622,2007]" lastBlockId="21.[151,1437,151,357]" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="472" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">
<emphasis id="06F0EAB67B78E5455FE58568FEBEF890" bold="true" box="[199,304,1874,1899]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Spicules.</emphasis>
Megascleres straight, robust tylostyles, sizes variable (
<figureCitation id="ACBF2A217B78E5455CE28568FB97F890" box="[960,1049,1874,1899]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1423,1445]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,513,1402]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[150,1436,513,1402]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 23. Spicules of Cliothosa tylostrongylata from Costa Rica: A) tylostyles, B) branched amphiasters, C) nodulose amphiasters." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1147257/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="ACBF2A217B78E5455B088569FBC4F890" box="[1066,1098,1875,1899]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1318,1340]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,409,1297]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[151,1436,409,1297]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 24. Spicules of Cliothosa tylostrongylatafrom El Salvador." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1147259/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">24</figureCitation>
). Tyles wide and sometimes slightly subterminal, shafts gradually tapering, mostly with sharp point, unless tylostyle strongly shortened and reduced to tylostyongyle. Microscleres amphiasters, either branched or reduced and conulose. With 3-4 terminal actines in branched amphiasters, or in unequal arrangement, terminally split into 2-4 strongly recurving hooks, and sometimes again branching before reaching hooks (
<figureCitation id="ACBF2A217B79E5445C2482ADFCEEFF4B" box="[774,864,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1423,1445]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,513,1402]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[150,1436,513,1402]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 23. Spicules of Cliothosa tylostrongylata from Costa Rica: A) tylostyles, B) branched amphiasters, C) nodulose amphiasters." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1147257/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="ACBF2A217B79E5445C5182A2FC1DFF4B" box="[883,915,152,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1318,1340]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,409,1297]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[151,1436,409,1297]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 24. Spicules of Cliothosa tylostrongylatafrom El Salvador." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1147259/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">24</figureCitation>
). Reduced amphiasters overall shorter than branching amphiasters, similar build, but actines as conical, terminally rounded spines (
<figureCitation id="ACBF2A217B79E5445B9C8286FA97FF2F" box="[1214,1305,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1423,1445]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,513,1402]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[150,1436,513,1402]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 23. Spicules of Cliothosa tylostrongylata from Costa Rica: A) tylostyles, B) branched amphiasters, C) nodulose amphiasters." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1147257/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
). Tylostyle dimensions: 135–276 µm (x̅ =185.1, σ=39.5)
<date id="403A10647B79E5445D8382DAFD7CFF03" box="[673,754,224,248]" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" value="2012-10-04">x 4–12</date>
µm (x̅ =8.4, σ=2.4). Dimensions of straight tylostrongyles: 46–230 µm (x̅ =172, σ=28.1)
<date id="403A10647B79E5445EC1833FFDBEFEE7" box="[483,560,260,284]" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" value="2011-10-04">x 4–11</date>
µm (x̅ =9, σ=2.0). Ramose amphiaster, length dimensions: 7–24 µm (x̅ =19.9, σ=3.0). Reduced amphiaster, length dimensions: 10–13 µm (x̅ =12, σ=1.7).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7C9E652F7B79E5445FE58376FC20FE9E" box="[199,942,332,357]" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="343B36A47B79E5445FE58376FC20FE9E" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,357]" box="[199,942,332,357]" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">
<emphasis id="06F0EAB67B79E5445FE58376FEA5FE9E" bold="true" box="[199,299,332,357]" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Ecology.</emphasis>
Found in dead
<emphasis id="06F0EAB67B79E5445EFB8376FDD1FE9E" box="[473,607,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Pocillopora</emphasis>
sp. between 1 and
<quantity id="F37C9B417B79E5445C148376FCEFFE9F" box="[822,865,332,356]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" unit="m" value="3.0">3 m</quantity>
depth.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="60FB662C7B79E5445FB5871CFCD7FAC7" box="[151,857,1318,1340]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1147259/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" targetBox="[151,1436,409,1297]" targetPageId="21">
<paragraph id="343B36A47B79E5445FB5871CFCD7FAC7" blockId="21.[151,857,1318,1340]" box="[151,857,1318,1340]" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">
<emphasis id="06F0EAB67B79E5445FB5871CFE91FAC7" bold="true" box="[151,287,1318,1340]" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">FIGURE 24.</emphasis>
Spicules of
<taxonomicName id="F3844D277B79E5445EBF871CFD11FAC7" authorityName="Cruz-Barraza, Carballo, Bautista-Guerrero &amp; Nava" authorityYear="2011" box="[413,671,1318,1340]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliothosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tylostrongylata">
<emphasis id="06F0EAB67B79E5445EBF871CFD11FAC7" box="[413,671,1318,1340]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Cliothosa tylostrongylata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from El Salvador.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="7C9E652F7B79E5445FE5875EFCE4F9CA" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="343B36A47B79E5445FE5875EFCE4F9CA" blockId="21.[151,1436,1380,1873]" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">
<emphasis id="06F0EAB67B79E5445FE5875EFDEAFA86" bold="true" box="[199,612,1380,1405]" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Distribution and previous records.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="F3844D277B79E5445D49875FFCBBFA86" authorityName="Cruz-Barraza, Carballo, Bautista-Guerrero &amp; Nava" authorityYear="2011" box="[619,821,1380,1405]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliothosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tylostrongylata">
<emphasis id="06F0EAB67B79E5445D49875FFCBBFA86" box="[619,821,1380,1405]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">C. tylostrongylata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was described by
<bibRefCitation id="50154B557B79E5445B24875EFAA0FA87" box="[1030,1326,1380,1405]" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" refString="Cruz-Barraza, J. A., Carballo, J. L., Bautista-Guerrero, E. &amp; Nava, H. (2011) New species of excavating sponges (Porifera: Demospongiae) on coral reefs from the Mexican Pacific Ocean. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 91, 999 - 1013. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / s 0025315410002079" type="journal article">
Cruz-Barraza
<emphasis id="06F0EAB67B79E5445B86875FFB53FA86" box="[1188,1245,1380,1405]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">et al.</emphasis>
(2011)
</bibRefCitation>
as one of the less common clionaid species from the Mexican Pacific. Earlier reports of the same species misidentified it as the similar
<taxonomicName id="F3844D277B79E5445E358796FD16FA3E" authority="Topsent, 1905" authorityName="Topsent" authorityYear="1905" box="[279,664,1452,1477]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliothosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="hancocki">
<emphasis id="06F0EAB67B79E5445E358796FE7FFA3E" box="[279,497,1452,1477]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Cliothosa hancocki</emphasis>
Topsent, 1905
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="50154B557B79E5445D8A8796FC14FA3F" author="Carballo" box="[680,922,1452,1477]" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" refString="Carballo, J. L., Cruz-Barraza, J. A., Nava, H. &amp; Bautista, E. (2008 a) Esponjas perforadoras de sustratos calcareos: importancia en los ecosistemas arrecifales del Pacifico este. CONABIO, Mexico City, 187 pp." type="book" year="2008" yearSuffix="a">
Carballo
<emphasis id="06F0EAB67B79E5445C308797FCC2FA3E" box="[786,844,1452,1477]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">et al.</emphasis>
2008a
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="50154B557B79E5445C858796FC7EFA3E" author="Carballo" box="[935,1008,1452,1477]" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" refString="Carballo, J. L., Bautista-Guerrero, E. &amp; Leyte-Morales, G. E. (2008 b) Boring sponges and the modeling of coral reefs in the east Pacific Ocean. Marine Ecology Progress Serie s, 356, 113 - 1 22. https: // doi. org / 10.3354 / meps 07276" type="journal article" year="2008" yearSuffix="b">2008b</bibRefCitation>
), and although we cannot be sure, we assume that
<bibRefCitation id="50154B557B79E5445E0187EAFD8FFA13" box="[291,513,1488,1513]" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" refString="Scott, P. J. B., Risk, M. J. &amp; Carriquiry, J. D. (1988) El Nino, bioerosion and the survival of East Pacific reefs. Proceedings of the 6 th International Coral Reef Symposium, Australia, 2, 517 - 520." type="journal article">
Scott
<emphasis id="06F0EAB67B79E5445E4687EBFE13FA12" box="[356,413,1488,1513]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">et al.</emphasis>
’s (1988)
</bibRefCitation>
account on
<taxonomicName id="F3844D277B79E5445DAE87EAFC94FA12" authorityName="Topsent" authorityYear="1905" box="[652,794,1488,1513]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliothosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="hancocki">
<emphasis id="06F0EAB67B79E5445DAE87EAFC94FA12" box="[652,794,1488,1513]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Cl. hancocki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="4C9376347B79E5445C4287EAFC54FA12" box="[864,986,1488,1513]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">
<collectingRegion id="F640F8467B79E5445C4287EAFC2EFA13" box="[864,928,1488,1512]" country="New Zealand" name="West Coast" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Costa</collectingRegion>
Rica
</collectingCountry>
refers to the same species. Consecutive reports were again from the Mexican Pacific (
<bibRefCitation id="50154B557B79E5445DB687CEFC9CF9F7" author="Vega" box="[660,786,1524,1548]" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" refString="Vega, C. (2012) Composicion y afinidades biogeograficas de esponjas (Demospongiae) asociadas a comunidades coralinas del Pacifico Mexicano. Doctoral thesis, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico, 231 pp." type="book" year="2012">Vega 2012</bibRefCitation>
). In this study, the species was collected at
<collectingCountry id="4C9376347B79E5445BD387CEFAFAF9F6" box="[1265,1396,1524,1549]" name="El Salvador" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">El Salvador</collectingCountry>
the first time, where it is the most abundant boring sponge (
<figureCitation id="ACBF2A217B79E5445C2B8422FCD3F9CA" box="[777,861,1560,1585]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1176,1198]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,195,1154]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1435,195,1154]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 25.Distribution of Cliothosatylostrongylata in the study area." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1147261/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7C9E652F7B79E5445FE58406FDF8F8AB" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="343B36A47B79E5445FE58406FDF8F8AB" blockId="21.[151,1436,1380,1873]" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">
<emphasis id="06F0EAB67B79E5445FE58406FEB5F9AE" bold="true" box="[199,315,1596,1621]" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Remarks.</emphasis>
Presently six species are accepted in the genus
<taxonomicName id="F3844D277B79E5445C748406FB13F9AE" authority="(Soest et al. 2016)" authorityName="Soest et al." authorityYear="2016" box="[854,1181,1596,1621]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliothosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="06F0EAB67B79E5445C748406FC4DF9AE" box="[854,963,1596,1621]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Cliothosa</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="50154B557B79E5445CF08406FB1BF9AE" author="Soest" box="[978,1173,1596,1621]" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" refString="Soest, R. W. M. van, Boury-Esnault, N., Hooper, J. N. A., Rutzler, K., Voogd, N. J. de, Alvarez de Glasby, B., Hajdu, E., Pisera, A. B., Manconi, R., Schonberg, C. H. L., Klautau, M., Picton, B., Kelly, M., Vacelet, J., Dohrmann, M., Diaz, M. C., Cardenas, P. &amp; Carballo, J. L. (2016) World Porifera Database. Available from: http: // www. marinespecies. org / porifera (accessed 10 December 2016)" type="journal article" year="2016">
Soest
<emphasis id="06F0EAB67B79E5445B3A8407FBDFF9AE" box="[1048,1105,1596,1621]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">et al.</emphasis>
2016
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, which for a long time almost exclusively relied on faunistic reports of
<taxonomicName id="F3844D277B79E5445DF6845BFCD0F982" authorityName="Topsent" authorityYear="1905" box="[724,862,1632,1657]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliothosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="hancocki">
<emphasis id="06F0EAB67B79E5445DF6845BFCD0F982" box="[724,862,1632,1657]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">C. hancocki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see Table
<quantity id="F37C9B417B79E5445CCE845AFB95F982" box="[1004,1051,1632,1657]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
<bibRefCitation id="50154B557B79E5445B04845AFAC3F983" author="Cruz-Barraza" box="[1062,1357,1632,1657]" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" refString="Cruz-Barraza, J. A., Carballo, J. L., Bautista-Guerrero, E. &amp; Nava, H. (2011) New species of excavating sponges (Porifera: Demospongiae) on coral reefs from the Mexican Pacific Ocean. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 91, 999 - 1013. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / s 0025315410002079" type="journal article" year="2011">
Cruz-Barraza
<emphasis id="06F0EAB67B79E5445BEB845BFA8BF982" box="[1225,1285,1632,1657]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">et al.</emphasis>
2011
</bibRefCitation>
). Only
<taxonomicName id="F3844D277B79E5445FB584BEFDCCF967" authority="(Lindgren, 1897)" baseAuthorityName="Lindgren" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[151,578,1668,1693]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliothosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="aurivillii">
<emphasis id="06F0EAB67B79E5445FB584BEFEFFF966" box="[151,369,1668,1693]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Cliothosa aurivillii</emphasis>
(Lindgren, 1897)
</taxonomicName>
was also occasionally mentioned in recent publications from the Pacific (
<bibRefCitation id="50154B557B79E5445FBC8492FE0BF93A" author="Calcinai" box="[158,389,1704,1729]" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" refString="Calcinai, B., Azzini, F., Bavestrello, G., Cerrano, C., Pansini, M. &amp; Thung, D. C. (2006) Boring sponges from the Ha Long Bay, Tonkin Gulf, Vietnam. Zoological Studies, 45, 201 - 212." type="journal article" year="2006">
Calcinai
<emphasis id="06F0EAB67B79E5445E248493FECFF93A" box="[262,321,1704,1729]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">et al.</emphasis>
2006
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="50154B557B79E5445EB38492FD5DF93B" author="Schonberg" box="[401,723,1704,1729]" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" refString="Schonberg, C. H. L. &amp; Wisshak, M. (2012) The perks of being endolithic. Aquatic Biology, 17, 1 - 5. https: // doi. org / 10.3354 / ab 00473" type="journal article" year="2012">Schönberg &amp; Wisshak 2012</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="50154B557B79E5445DC38492FC16F93A" author="Lim" box="[737,920,1704,1729]" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" refString="Lim, S. C., Putchakarn, S., Thai, M. Q., Wang, D. &amp; Huang, Y. M. (2016) Inventory of sponge fauna from the Singapore Strait to Taiwan Strait along the western coastline of the South China Sea. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 34 (Supplement), 104 - 1 29." type="journal article" year="2016">
Lim
<emphasis id="06F0EAB67B79E5445C3B8493FCDDF93A" box="[793,851,1704,1729]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">et al.</emphasis>
2016
</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="F3844D277B79E5445C8F8492FBB7F93A" baseAuthorityName="Lindgren" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[941,1081,1704,1729]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliothosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="aurivillii">
<emphasis id="06F0EAB67B79E5445C8F8492FBB7F93A" box="[941,1081,1704,1729]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Cl. aurivillii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has characteristic microscleres and can easily be distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="F3844D277B79E5445D7984F6FD60F91E" authorityName="Topsent" authorityYear="1905" box="[603,750,1740,1765]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliothosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="hancocki">
<emphasis id="06F0EAB67B79E5445D7984F6FD60F91E" box="[603,750,1740,1765]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Cl. hancocki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, so any
<taxonomicName id="F3844D277B79E5445C7F84F6FC44F91E" box="[861,970,1740,1765]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliothosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="06F0EAB67B79E5445C7F84F6FC44F91E" box="[861,970,1740,1765]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Cliothosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
samples with proper amphiasters were traditionally identified as
<taxonomicName id="F3844D277B79E5445E9E84CAFDAFF8F2" authorityName="Topsent" authorityYear="1905" box="[444,545,1776,1801]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliothosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="hancocki">
<emphasis id="06F0EAB67B79E5445E9E84CAFDAFF8F2" box="[444,545,1776,1801]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">hancocki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see
<bibRefCitation id="50154B557B79E5445D4284CAFCDCF8F3" author="Carballo" box="[608,850,1776,1801]" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" refString="Carballo, J. L., Cruz-Barraza, J. A., Nava, H. &amp; Bautista, E. (2008 a) Esponjas perforadoras de sustratos calcareos: importancia en los ecosistemas arrecifales del Pacifico este. CONABIO, Mexico City, 187 pp." type="book" year="2008" yearSuffix="a">
Carballo
<emphasis id="06F0EAB67B79E5445DEB84CBFC8DF8F2" box="[713,771,1776,1801]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">et al.</emphasis>
2008a
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="50154B557B79E5445C7D84CAFC24F8F2" author="Carballo" box="[863,938,1776,1801]" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" refString="Carballo, J. L., Bautista-Guerrero, E. &amp; Leyte-Morales, G. E. (2008 b) Boring sponges and the modeling of coral reefs in the east Pacific Ocean. Marine Ecology Progress Serie s, 356, 113 - 1 22. https: // doi. org / 10.3354 / meps 07276" type="journal article" year="2008" yearSuffix="b">2008b</bibRefCitation>
). More recently similar clionaid species are distinguished from each other, and the Mexican
<taxonomicName id="F3844D277B79E5445DEB852EFCB8F8D6" box="[713,822,1812,1837]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliothosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="06F0EAB67B79E5445DEB852EFCB8F8D6" box="[713,822,1812,1837]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Cliothosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species with ramose amphiasters was described as a distinct species (
<bibRefCitation id="50154B557B79E5445E6D8502FDE4F8AB" author="Cruz-Barraza" box="[335,618,1848,1873]" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" refString="Cruz-Barraza, J. A., Carballo, J. L., Bautista-Guerrero, E. &amp; Nava, H. (2011) New species of excavating sponges (Porifera: Demospongiae) on coral reefs from the Mexican Pacific Ocean. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 91, 999 - 1013. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / s 0025315410002079" type="journal article" year="2011">
Cruz-Barraza
<emphasis id="06F0EAB67B79E5445ECD8503FDA6F8AA" box="[495,552,1848,1873]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">et al.</emphasis>
2011
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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