664 lines
94 KiB
XML
664 lines
94 KiB
XML
<document id="A184684DB623B19C362DF6F3652F0C2F" ID-CLB-Dataset="300348" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1208.119147" ID-GBIF-Dataset="06a147da-4f99-4a61-9c8a-db99a7f99164" ID-ZooBank="BEF04EEA-B9D0-4220-9BC4-84208488CCF2" ID-publisher-id="119147" URI-arpha="DB1B34B8-CC15-5B53-8857-2128652E2F3E" URI-zoobank="http://zoobank.org/BEF04EEA-B9D0-4220-9BC4-84208488CCF2" XM.bibliography_approvedBy="admin" XM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="admin" article-type="research-article" checkinTime="1722264668390" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Manganelli, Giuseppe, Benocci, Andrea, Barbato, Debora & Giusti, Folco" docDate="2024" docId="C3F6AA0A999354F78563FC134A3EC4D8" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1208: 99-132" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1208" docSource="https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/119147/download/xml/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docStyleName="PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docTitle="Subulina octona" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" dtd-version="3.0" lastPageNumber="132" masterDocId="DB1B34B8CC155B5388572128652E2F3E" masterDocTitle="Five alien achatinid land snails (Gastropoda, Eupulmonata) first reported in greenhouses of Italian botanical gardens" masterLastPageNumber="132" masterPageNumber="99" pageNumber="99" updateTime="1722277814270" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="E0F4220859509DE9479DE888F9D68AB1" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="9D447186C19B37CABBFC87BFA7D07FD2">
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<mods:title id="8141066CB5B0094D37FE4E879819081D">Five alien achatinid land snails (Gastropoda, Eupulmonata) first reported in greenhouses of Italian botanical gardens</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="6F3142B23FD1F55BE89AC8A56131C343" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="D4065E9178135D5D972B719BDEB1B99D">
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<mods:roleTerm id="500D4B4480466B1334768DDA18842B27">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="14F5F717CA45A0B4089D12CC079155A5">Manganelli, Giuseppe</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="916C79BD5656295E136B6955DDA6118D" type="ORCID">0000-0002-8453-280X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="FAE8E307E96CE90764B6FD8AAC8BBE84">Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, della Terra e dell’Ambiente, Università di Siena, Via Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy & NBFC (National Biodiversity Future Center), Palermo, Italy</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="0679C175958B387BB8C05DA00696799A" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="0CC02FEABFF918CC144DF311904FF6C8">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="F005E308D2EE5E3FE39BD83A671579B3">Benocci, Andrea</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="A5C13D853CF7ADB3A8AA4BB4AA4513EA" type="ORCID">0000-0003-3145-215X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="6B22E02B677CEE4FDF7BCCDC54942733">Museo di Storia Naturale dell’Accademia dei Fisiocritici, Piazzetta S. Gigli 2, 53100 Siena, Italy</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="5A481EDEF942E005835B4AF15D89D715" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="6815A693A5E791DD4ACE38EC088C56E7">
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<mods:roleTerm id="E0871B6291830516E00525DC808C3F50">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="9CBE016E36C488D6B0226D2AF2A238B6">Barbato, Debora</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="BDF12E7D683657513FA6F13C688DD91E" type="ORCID">0000-0003-1105-1711</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="10EC1575B78762B98ECFDA4339EE0D63">Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, della Terra e dell’Ambiente, Università di Siena, Via Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy & NBFC (National Biodiversity Future Center), Palermo, Italy</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="5DE5782B47FB0D66FCD0024C09A4C6DA" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="560C420A7340DD16A5E837287676D9EB">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="41533FB19202D123FC9E5F535444750A">Giusti, Folco</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="D1889DD6425DF681A66B7BF2F08A99C6" type="ORCID">0000-0001-8722-4653</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="30A76E861D436BF542E62DF0E818A1EF">Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, della Terra e dell’Ambiente, Università di Siena, Via Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="5BE0E25BB10BC519083421ABFA4255C6">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="567DAC3D15F05F6F6D1AFF3E88F764A9">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="153F44FBB16AECB2E6AD794149D2C60D">
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<mods:date id="B68DECD3C92A1F130CB624451EADEC2A">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="D0711CECD0289F841EAAAEEB25803CC8" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="372CACEB3027C6D8A353C532C6018682">2024-07-29</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="F7113057DF3BF409693386B97BEFF40F" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="9205FA893B7B3FD9C3EFF7CCFA50F27B">1208</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:start id="9DCAFB46187F2BB57FE7B2BF6334DDEE">99</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="78F03CECFB409C519A16FCFD6F47C0E4">132</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification id="38FBD512533512A12BB93B68178DD4D9">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="574D07951A64540F0FDABA9782B4825B" type="CLB-Dataset">300348</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="B7F392F6770C7086174BDAD1E9A46CD6" type="DOI">10.3897/zookeys.1208.119147</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="19B0F369B00DCAFDE1CA8FDB7A77E24C" type="GBIF-Dataset">06a147da-4f99-4a61-9c8a-db99a7f99164</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="2F3AEAB8AF938E3822B20EE64D7969D4" type="ZooBank">BEF04EEA-B9D0-4220-9BC4-84208488CCF2</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="C3F6AA0A999354F78563FC134A3EC4D8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13124017" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13124017" ID-arpha="C3F6AA0A-9993-54F7-8563-FC134A3EC4D8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C3F6AA0A999354F78563FC134A3EC4D8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C3F6AA0A999354F78563FC134A3EC4D8">
|
||
<subSubSection id="D1A40C8D02D5346B1DD5169F10D7280D" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="1B7DE32A6622049C6B73915F36BDF36D">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A0D908E76BD78511344E9B054B9BA213" authority="(Bruguiere, 1789)" baseAuthorityName="Bruguiere" baseAuthorityYear="1789" class="Gastropoda" family="Subulinidae" genus="Subulina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="octona">
|
||
<emphasis id="FE62FD5F0D01D7C6CBB95522FBE3E44E" italics="true">Subulina octona</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="14FD3A58BF795CE8DCA570052B50696B" DOI="10.5962/bhl.title.53769" author="Bruguière JG" refId="B20" refString="Bruguiere JG (1789 - 1792) Encyclopedie methodique ou par ordre de matieres. Histoire naturelle des vers, volume 1. Pancoucke, Paris, [xviii +] 344 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 53769" year="1789">Bruguière, 1789</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C79A13CC8926AC040BC219390F82188D" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="7642CC734D109B85F0C7200267AA4146">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="9C1F5637A198CE88F3A68ED868B02384">
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="F9505CA835EEF99A1E5DBD4A331E1322" author="Bruguière JG" page="325" year="1789">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AF899C68B043AAB52C842F1E3087A5DF" ID-CoL="8TNHJ" authority="Bruguiere, 1789: 325" authorityName="Bruguiere" authorityPageNumber="325" authorityYear="1789" class="Gastropoda" family="Achatinidae" genus="Bulimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="octonus">
|
||
<emphasis id="32480A26B650931808F6F185B5D1782B" italics="true">Bulimus octonus</emphasis>
|
||
<comment id="D1D7E3E77BF40AEE53C6EBAE297542BB">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BE93CB54F6D84D3D3D2F7A53904F44DB" DOI="10.5962/bhl.title.53769" author="Bruguière JG" refId="B20" refString="Bruguiere JG (1789 - 1792) Encyclopedie methodique ou par ordre de matieres. Histoire naturelle des vers, volume 1. Pancoucke, Paris, [xviii +] 344 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 53769" year="1789">Bruguière, 1789: 325</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Type locality: “ … dans les îles Antilles. M. de Badier l’a trouvé abondamment à l’île de la
|
||
<collectingCountry id="865EDD2722C0481793252B2D1A613295" name="Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</collectingCountry>
|
||
, & j’en ai vu chez M. d’Antic qui lui ont été envoyés de l’île de
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A63F03EFE26CC77AF401DA424F331F25" name="Haiti">Saint-Domingue</collectingCountry>
|
||
”. Type material: presumed lost (
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="A328BAC0DFBBF6655D8E457322370B13">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="548A7E44F033F66CD73201BA2CA1BDEE" author="Smith" firstAuthor="Smith" refId="B149" refString="Smith BJ (1992) Non-marine Mollusca. Zoological catalogue of Australia, 8. Australian Government Publishing Service (AGPS), Canberra, Australia, [xi +] 399 pp." year="1992">Smith 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</comment>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="SECID0E12BG" type="material">
|
||
<paragraph id="B03DBA355860AE8CEDAE385A089F884C">
|
||
<heading id="B3DD4AA972499E2F8A24D87306C07F3B" reason="title">Material examined.</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B9D637C81D10A68BC7B8AD7E6BAF9B1C">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="C7A3DCAD34F769DE063911389B08CBA6" collectingDate="2019-01-04" collectingDateMax="2019-05-04" collectingDateMin="2019-01-04" collectionCode="MUSE" collectorName="D. Barbato & G. Bolzonella" country="Italy" county="Science Museum of Trento" latitude="46.062542" location="Trento" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="11.113912" municipality="Tropical" specimenCode="GMC 51197" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="59BA6167B8F4B4B22861A37E93074261" name="Italy">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||
• 112 shells and 2 spirit specimens;
|
||
<location id="5583FED6C63FD84E79F2C1EB93DA4E53" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C3F6AA0A999354F78563FC134A3EC4D8:5583FED6C63FD84E79F2C1EB93DA4E53" country="Italy" county="Science Museum of Trento" latitude="46.062542" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="11.113912" municipality="Tropical" name="Trento">Trento</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="1345405EA4A661634AEAF8DE7474643B">Tropical</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
greenhouse of the
|
||
<collectingCounty id="C9E0E3650F60638FE22527EC97FAC95F">Science Museum of Trento</collectingCounty>
|
||
(
|
||
<named-content id="F368D5A878E56460D6C7F8283AE49FA7" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/museo-delle-scienze-0" xlink_title="Science Museum of Trentoe">
|
||
<collectionCode id="347FC347C7E819D40A25CF29662F382B" country="Italy" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35141" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35141" name="Museo delle Scienze" type="Museum">MUSE</collectionCode>
|
||
</named-content>
|
||
);
|
||
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EH3BG" specific-use="{"type":"Point","coordinates":[11.113911,46.062544]}">
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="3758F8FD3EA273B2067CD3DE818A1666" degrees="46" direction="north" minutes="03" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="45.16" value="46.062542">46 ° 03 ' 45.16 " N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="F07EA1ABB054CEE058BB34F9F234D909" degrees="11" direction="east" minutes="06" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="50.08" value="11.113912">11 ° 06 ' 50.08 " E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
</named-content>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="EAE4A8DF4E36690130239CA2FC23C5E1" value="2019-01-04">
|
||
<collectingDate id="D9CA3BDB296743303865328EA3EAA342" value="2019-01-04">04 Jan. 2019</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="939DD15313D1CBA9EC95C39E3EF8108F" value="2019-02-10">
|
||
<collectingDate id="BFB090EE511C153504FA3D53047D2642" value="2019-02-10">10 Feb. 2019</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="0C8C40AEDC8B60D4D342B10AB496B6BC" value="2019-05-04">
|
||
<collectingDate id="2E705FFDB4D959CDE612D295F732FA7B" value="2019-05-04">04 May 2019</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="E2BE44A9BFADDC7426746C8A20188069">D. Barbato</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="702F0C1F7383C6DFFA7A18EA04311C1A">G. Bolzonella</collectorName>
|
||
leg.;
|
||
<specimenCode id="BA3349708072AB7EBEDAC477F92C6790" collectionCode="GMC" country="China" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rs4r-9303" name="Guangxi Medical College" type="">GMC 51197</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
•
|
||
<materialsCitation id="04F31B7B5EA7723B057994F1C219886D" collectingDate="2022-02-01" collectingDateMax="2019-05-04" collectingDateMin="2019-01-04" collectionCode="GMC" collectorName="D. Barbato & A. Benocci" country="Italy" county="Science Museum of Trento" latitude="46.062542" location="Trento" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="11.113912" municipality="Tropical" specimenCode="GMC 51188" specimenCount="1">
|
||
29 shells; same locality;
|
||
<date id="97F70AA9F34D1F552D92EAEFE6E349DA" value="2022-02-01">
|
||
<collectingDate id="3493C4CF8EFE01298FDC29C18DD28633" value="2022-02-01">01 Feb. 2022</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="5874AD9ED54D2AAAEAB4ADD7B2BEDBA1">D. Barbato</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="C8B238BDD8A0AF2532A688AA4694C705">A. Benocci</collectorName>
|
||
leg.;
|
||
<specimenCode id="ED0B073A07CCC367D0FEBD5982AFEBD8" collectionCode="GMC" country="China" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rs4r-9303" name="Guangxi Medical College" type="">GMC 51188</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
•
|
||
<materialsCitation id="C12AF604F7426EF84B9361416CE14B23" collectingDate="2023-02-09" collectingDateMax="2019-05-04" collectingDateMin="2019-01-04" collectionCode="GMC" collectorName="D. Barbato & A. Benocci" country="Italy" county="Science Museum of Trento" latitude="46.062542" location="Trento" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="11.113912" municipality="Tropical" specimenCode="GMC 57353" specimenCount="1">
|
||
1 shell; same locality;
|
||
<date id="7FC73F62B86DBCFE1200C09468CCA135" value="2023-02-09">
|
||
<collectingDate id="684AF8E6B418DE4328B02D52BAE61038" value="2023-02-09">09 Feb. 2023</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="5F1B04EB22D054F4F7EB0893148D5065">D. Barbato</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="2F45811AAC724AA5F64E6C95240777B0">A. Benocci</collectorName>
|
||
leg.;
|
||
<specimenCode id="113FDC9BC9FC1E11E560EA046DA864E9" collectionCode="GMC" country="China" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rs4r-9303" name="Guangxi Medical College" type="">GMC 57353</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
•
|
||
<materialsCitation id="70B6A65ACE11C32D2F12F262F5E64CC2" collectingDate="2019-03-06" collectionCode="GMC" collectorName="D. Barbato" country="Italy" county="Botanical Garden of Padua" latitude="45.39794" location="Padua" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="11.880658" municipality="Biodiversity Garden" specimenCode="GMC 57374" specimenCount="1">
|
||
1 shell;
|
||
<location id="7AA70826D9EB5FEF3C45AC0240651F85" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C3F6AA0A999354F78563FC134A3EC4D8:7AA70826D9EB5FEF3C45AC0240651F85" country="Italy" county="Botanical Garden of Padua" latitude="45.39794" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="11.880658" municipality="Biodiversity Garden" name="Padua">Padua</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="F8F8B2213B6A50D9BF5C39E9F07B305D">Biodiversity Garden</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCounty id="660B21F86E4DF65B28CD452FA5682C1F">Botanical Garden of Padua</collectingCounty>
|
||
);
|
||
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EP3BG" specific-use="{"type":"Point","coordinates":[11.880658,45.397942]}">
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="0A64B9740A6B373365F3A039813563A9" degrees="45" direction="north" minutes="23" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="52.59" value="45.39794">45 ° 23 ' 52.59 " N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="40D6B048CF842881BBC4032F4967A276" degrees="11" direction="east" minutes="52" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="50.37" value="11.880658">11 ° 52 ' 50.37 " E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
</named-content>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="2E61CB118F17E3F605DABCA5F26D2AC9" value="2019-03-06">
|
||
<collectingDate id="AF69AD319F9047D5293A1B9C1A490911" value="2019-03-06">06 Mar. 2019</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="E59EF577832DA5274E515DA5386A3E6F">D. Barbato</collectorName>
|
||
leg.;
|
||
<specimenCode id="A9A37E28DF7174632A55A64DC05CE8BD" collectionCode="GMC" country="China" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rs4r-9303" name="Guangxi Medical College" type="">GMC 57374</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EU3BG" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="4516DAE9B099637A007526AA682B96A9">
|
||
<heading id="7B8D215FE122294D2E26EC8C83F2B79E" reason="title">Description.</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EFA576FCAE120E3C66FC419CA4BACBA1">
|
||
<emphasis id="9914DFB03D1AA689EA3988B44B29BA68" bold="true" italics="true">Shell</emphasis>
|
||
(Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="D80317E0F7720211930E99820A8047AA" captionStart="Figures 1–8" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1–8. Shells of alien achatinids in Italian greenhouses: 1–6 shells of Allopeas clavulinum from the tropical greenhouse of the Science Museum of Trento (MUSE), D. Barbato & G. Bolzonella leg. 04 May 2019 7, 8 shells of Subulina octona from the tropical greenhouse of the Science Museum of Trento (MUSE), D. Barbato & G. Bolzonella leg. 04 May 2019." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1208.119147.figures1-8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1103567">7</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="65208D64061D47556665F134BC12DC59" captionStart="Figures 1–8" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1–8. Shells of alien achatinids in Italian greenhouses: 1–6 shells of Allopeas clavulinum from the tropical greenhouse of the Science Museum of Trento (MUSE), D. Barbato & G. Bolzonella leg. 04 May 2019 7, 8 shells of Subulina octona from the tropical greenhouse of the Science Museum of Trento (MUSE), D. Barbato & G. Bolzonella leg. 04 May 2019." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1208.119147.figures1-8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1103567">8</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="2126F947F5EE62FC8758FED57AC6B700" captionStart="Figures 28–30" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 28–30. Shells of Subulina octona from the tropical greenhouse of the Science Museum of Trento (MUSE), D. Barbato & G. Bolzonella leg. 04 Jan. 2019." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1208.119147.figures28-30" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1103574">28–30</figureCitation>
|
||
). Shell dextral, medium in size, imperforate, elongate, slender, conical, rather robust, pearly off-white, glossy or waxy and sub-transparent when fresh, with 7–9 slightly convex whorls, separated by rather deep and in places irregularly crenulate sutures. Apex obtuse, rounded, and smooth; last whorl ~ 1 / 3 of shell height. Aperture small, ~ 1 / 5 of shell height, ovate, slightly prosocline. Peristome interrupted, not thickened or reflected, with callous rim on parietum and columella; columella concave and obliquely truncate at base; outer margin straight in lateral view. Protoconch smooth; teleoconch with fine, wrinkled, irregular collabral growth lines. Shell dimensions:
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EL4BG" xlink_title="shell height">SH</abbrev>
|
||
12.1–16.0 mm;
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EP4BG" xlink_title="shell diameter">SD</abbrev>
|
||
<quantity id="B581A265530ADA0139BAA0F91FBA4D65" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6999999999999997" metricValueMax="4.1" metricValueMin="3.3" unit="mm" value="3.6999999999999997" valueMax="4.1" valueMin="3.3">3.3–4.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ET4BG" xlink_title="aperture height">AH</abbrev>
|
||
<quantity id="7DFB0C318A10AF80014A685A8EABD8BC" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.85" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="2.5" unit="mm" value="2.85" valueMax="3.2" valueMin="2.5">2.5–3.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EX4BG" xlink_title="aperture width">AW</abbrev>
|
||
<quantity id="8D8B45206464966F19C7E0E592ABF500" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="1.9" unit="mm" value="2.15" valueMax="2.4" valueMin="1.9">1.9–2.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="5BA7F9FB37C9AD42F310B3D0BD869661" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1208.119147.figures28-30" ID-arpha="4D1CB999-17E6-57AB-A902-663EE6296B10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1103574" startId="F8">
|
||
<paragraph id="C2991D4E9CD6CF4A8A286A29EA990576">
|
||
<label id="84F9147BFD6553FDCCEA090D0EB75F51">Figures 28–30.</label>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="91DC0BCFA4B7AF8B519D2CB1B4FEC8DB">
|
||
Shells of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22DAC868F6B5DE9CA76DE6F5B2F7BB36" baseAuthorityName="Bruguiere" baseAuthorityYear="1789" class="Gastropoda" family="Achatinidae" genus="Subulina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="octona">
|
||
<emphasis id="8796A6BFC3B57858FD471E4509923147" italics="true">Subulina octona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the tropical greenhouse of the Science Museum of Trento (
|
||
<named-content id="4DB59CA4675FD142DF72BCCF779C0299" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/museo-delle-scienze-0" xlink_title="Science Museum of Trentoe">MUSE</named-content>
|
||
), D. Barbato & G. Bolzonella leg. 04 Jan. 2019.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="09866DF3D965C001F17B17483B7122D8">
|
||
<emphasis id="78AFA5117689EDEDAE195104380E4796" bold="true" italics="true">Female distal genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="5E60D71D53DBB83C4CDA192033DEDC8E" captionStart="Figures 31, 32" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figures 31, 32. Genital anatomy of Subulina octona from the tropical greenhouse of the Science Museum of Trento (MUSE), D. Barbato & G. Bolzonella leg. 04 Jan. 2019: 31 genitalia (hermaphrodite gonad excluded) 32 detail of proximal penial complex." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1208.119147.figures31-32" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1103575">31</figureCitation>
|
||
). Free oviduct very short and wide. Bursa copulatrix sac-like, oval with short slender duct (as long as bursa copulatrix), initially not flared. Vagina very long and slender.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="746F674EC0324894FC8CC1822E09B6BF" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1208.119147.figures31-32" ID-arpha="CD9DB10B-FE5B-59EB-AE5B-365EBB016EFC" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1103575" startId="F9">
|
||
<paragraph id="4DC95BBFB9A4F1ABD34AD704A065DD20">
|
||
<label id="BC43C4523D2C89D4C9B97C0A7E8A4BBF">Figures 31, 32.</label>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C08B353EF56D2B6BE2327EDC7A85C2BF">
|
||
Genital anatomy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="679487850142AFBE59E62F54B0252410" baseAuthorityName="Bruguiere" baseAuthorityYear="1789" class="Gastropoda" family="Achatinidae" genus="Subulina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="octona">
|
||
<emphasis id="6599EA870F22E86D729412F4C5B26933" italics="true">Subulina octona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the tropical greenhouse of the Science Museum of Trento (
|
||
<named-content id="F7466959F62A2E53D184805EEFB73B47" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/museo-delle-scienze-0" xlink_title="Science Museum of Trentoe">MUSE</named-content>
|
||
), D. Barbato & G. Bolzonella leg. 04 Jan. 2019:
|
||
<emphasis id="511703EC32170B372C0FBAA87801FDEA" bold="true">31</emphasis>
|
||
genitalia (hermaphrodite gonad excluded)
|
||
<emphasis id="6D99C37ED5BEB844FD8CF827F1D579A2" bold="true">32</emphasis>
|
||
detail of proximal penial complex.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="240461370F31F535CEF0B2FAB58A70D7">
|
||
<emphasis id="5476CC944C78520171A4E0609D1A5065" bold="true" italics="true">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="222527A8527C7CA41E32574BCCBD0AAB" country="Maldives" name="Maale">Male</collectingRegion>
|
||
distal genitalia
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="E1E92B31FA85ECA56D91101793E88849" captionStart="Figures 31, 32" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figures 31, 32. Genital anatomy of Subulina octona from the tropical greenhouse of the Science Museum of Trento (MUSE), D. Barbato & G. Bolzonella leg. 04 Jan. 2019: 31 genitalia (hermaphrodite gonad excluded) 32 detail of proximal penial complex." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1208.119147.figures31-32" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1103575">31</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="F851F81E574952B8C049FDCC8F96992E" captionStart="Figures 31, 32" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figures 31, 32. Genital anatomy of Subulina octona from the tropical greenhouse of the Science Museum of Trento (MUSE), D. Barbato & G. Bolzonella leg. 04 Jan. 2019: 31 genitalia (hermaphrodite gonad excluded) 32 detail of proximal penial complex." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1208.119147.figures31-32" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1103575">32</figureCitation>
|
||
). Vas deferens of varying diameter (proximal tract narrow, medial tract slightly wider and final tract very narrow), entering penial complex near proximal end. Penial complex consisting of epiphallus, penial caecum and penis. Epiphallus very short. Penial caecum very short (as long as epiphallus). Penis very long, divided distinctly into proximal and distal parts by difference in calibre, without penial sheath; proximal part longer (twice distal penis), slender and thin walled; distal penis shorter (half proximal penis) and thick, muscular walled. Penial retractor muscle bifid, one branch inserted on tip of penial flagellum, the other branch on tip of penial caecum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="81E28789553BC2AA82D317C094260F25">
|
||
<emphasis id="B55CDB287ABACD29DA32CDD0656E3839" bold="true" italics="true">Genital atrium</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="3749C67227857F88EB924AEC4503AC07" captionStart="Figures 31, 32" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figures 31, 32. Genital anatomy of Subulina octona from the tropical greenhouse of the Science Museum of Trento (MUSE), D. Barbato & G. Bolzonella leg. 04 Jan. 2019: 31 genitalia (hermaphrodite gonad excluded) 32 detail of proximal penial complex." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1208.119147.figures31-32" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1103575">31</figureCitation>
|
||
). Very short.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="SECID0E4AAI" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph id="4DE15CFAE942CCB572F4510E972B7973">
|
||
<heading id="DEB2D13A8B58F81917B6284055E28470" reason="title">Remarks.</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="695BEC49F429DEEFA8367D2CFDFE0830">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="02AAE6A6FE5C9CB09D3C4E6249C4A96C" baseAuthorityName="Bruguiere" baseAuthorityYear="1789" class="Gastropoda" family="Achatinidae" genus="Subulina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="octona">
|
||
<emphasis id="194A4ED6A48F232909C6E4D845C6FA0F" italics="true">Subulina octona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a well-known travelling snail that occurs worldwide (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7DA676528F46CAD0411FF8D473D6E98D" author="Robinson" firstAuthor="Robinson" journalOrPublisher="Malacologia" pagination="413-438" refId="B131" refString="Robinson DG (1999) Alien invasions: The effects of the global economy on non-marine gastropod introductions into the United States. Malacologia 41: 413–438." title="Alien invasions: The effects of the global economy on non-marine gastropod introductions into the United States." volume="41" year="1999">Robinson 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) but its native range is uncertain. It was described from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="1C2EE7ECA90258AE7550C4DD9F502ABF" name="Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</collectingCountry>
|
||
and Hispaniola and has been reported as native to tropical America (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CE7FA77AFF2074844B384B9D85CB9E9B" author="Pilsbry" firstAuthor="Pilsbry" refId="B119" refString="Pilsbry HA (1946) Land Mollusca of North America (North of Mexico). Vol. II. Part 1. The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia Monographs 3, 520 pp." year="1946">Pilsbry 1946</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), the Caribbean (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="50E1436F5C01F9A5692FFC1C76C7F092" author="Deisler and Abbott" firstAuthor="Deisler" issue="1" journalOrPublisher="The Nautilus" pagination="12-17" refId="B38" refString="Deisler JE, Abbott RT (1984) Range extensions of some introduced land mollusks in the Bahama Islands, with first reports for four species. The Nautilus 98 (1): 12–17." title="Range extensions of some introduced land mollusks in the Bahama Islands, with first reports for four species." volume="98" year="1984">Deisler and Abbott 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and Latin America (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="112B2DC509A1FDCC5EF32E47ACD1B193" author="Robinson" firstAuthor="Robinson" journalOrPublisher="Malacologia" pagination="413-438" refId="B131" refString="Robinson DG (1999) Alien invasions: The effects of the global economy on non-marine gastropod introductions into the United States. Malacologia 41: 413–438." title="Alien invasions: The effects of the global economy on non-marine gastropod introductions into the United States." volume="41" year="1999">Robinson 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) but this was disputed on the grounds that the other species of the genus occur in Africa (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1E636B27A2A2B054F4315A618EC016AB" author="Bieler and Slapcinsky" firstAuthor="Bieler" journalOrPublisher="Nemouria Occasional Papers of the Delaware Museum of Natural History" pagination="1-100" refId="B9" refString="Bieler R, Slapcinsky J (2000) A case study for the development of an island fauna: recent terrestrial mollusks of Bermuda. Nemouria Occasional Papers of the Delaware Museum of Natural History 44: 1–100." title="A case study for the development of an island fauna: recent terrestrial mollusks of Bermuda." volume="44" year="2000">Bieler and Slapcinsky 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FBF1FCBC468D0B6CFF0DC2F2B4D25E7B" author="Gerlach J" firstAuthor="Gerlach" journalOrPublisher="Backhuys, Leiden" refId="B51" refString="Gerlach J (2006) Terrestrial and freshwater Mollusca of the Seychelles Islands. Backhuys, Leiden, 141 pp." title="Terrestrial and freshwater Mollusca of the Seychelles Islands." year="2006">Gerlach (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
regarded it as native to the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="3EC09A4186EC394167841D24D68D8102" name="Seychelles">Seychelles</collectingCountry>
|
||
, based on a subfossil record from Aldabra reported by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BD33B82E5D452FF2EAF2D00ACA219E48" author="Gerlach J & van Bruggen AC" firstAuthor="Gerlach" refId="B52" refString="Gerlach J, van Bruggen AC (1999) Streptaxidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Pulmonata) of the Seychelles Islands, western Indian Ocean. Zoologische Verhandelingen Leiden 328: 1–60 [, pl. 1]." year="1999">Gerlach and van Bruggen (1999)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Others suggested that it was originally from tropical America (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B3B29BC4EA117DCAA2690E8CF96ACF1E" author="Griffiths and Florens" firstAuthor="Griffiths" journalOrPublisher="Bioculture Press, Mauritius" refId="B57" refString="Griffiths OL, Florens VFB (2006) A field guide to the non-marine molluscs of the Mascarene Islands (Mauritius, Réunion and Rodrigues) and the northern dependencies of Mauritius. Bioculture Press, Mauritius, 188 pp." title="A field guide to the non-marine molluscs of the Mascarene Islands (Mauritius, Réunion and Rodrigues) and the northern dependencies of Mauritius." year="2006">Griffiths and Florens 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), south-east Asia (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="35E30194A4724855A48FEC144FB80539" DOI="10.1007/s10530-010-9715-x" author="Rumi" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Rumi" journalOrPublisher="Biological Invasions" pagination="2985-2990" refId="B136" refString="Rumi A, Sánchez J, Ferrando NS (2010) Theba pisana (Müller, 1774) (Gastropoda, Helicidae) and other alien land molluscs species in Argentina. Biological Invasions 12: 2985–2990. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-010-9715-x" title="Theba pisana (Müller, 1774) (Gastropoda, Helicidae) and other alien land molluscs species in Argentina." volume="12" year="2010">Rumi et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) or Africa (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E5BF31C6E89640037ED78812ED574899" author="Breure" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Breure" journalOrPublisher="The Nautilus" pagination="27-52" refId="B14" refString="Breure B, Hovestadt A, Fields A, Robinson D (2016) The land Mollusca (Gastropoda) of Saint Kitts and Nevis (Lesser Antilles), with description of a new species. The Nautilus 130: 27–52." title="The land Mollusca (Gastropoda) of Saint Kitts and Nevis (Lesser Antilles), with description of a new species." volume="130" year="2016">Breure et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="83DB1BA670397F31EEAC861AEDE1C6D1" author="Hovestadt and van Leeuwen" firstAuthor="Hovestadt" journalOrPublisher="Vita Malacologica" pagination="1-39" refId="B68" refString="Hovestadt A, van Leeuwen S (2017) Terrestrial molluscs of Aruba, Bonaire and Curaçao in the Dutch Caribbean: An updated checklist and guide to identification. Vita Malacologica 16: 1–39." title="Terrestrial molluscs of Aruba, Bonaire and Curaçao in the Dutch Caribbean: An updated checklist and guide to identification." volume="16" year="2017">Hovestadt and van Leeuwen 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Multi-gene phylogenetic analysis of the achatinoid snails by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B4F23BE4D4216F165F10109B47324043" DOI="10.1016/j.ympev.2017.06.014" author="Fontanilla IK & Naggs F & Wade CM" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Fontanilla" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pagination="382-385" refId="B48" refString="Fontanilla IK, Naggs F, Wade CM (2017) Molecular phylogeny of the Achatinoidea (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 114: 382–385. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2017.06.014" title="Molecular phylogeny of the Achatinoidea (Mollusca: Gastropoda)." volume="114" year="2017">Fontanilla et al. (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
found that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C11F756A1D84FE56F471A2C58E4F722C" baseAuthorityName="Bruguiere" baseAuthorityYear="1789" class="Gastropoda" family="Achatinidae" genus="Subulina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="octona">
|
||
<emphasis id="A5480254BE0FED0AEC37E0EEA915E8A4" italics="true">Subulina octona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AF4813C310BE883FDAA893DAD74EA59" authority="(Rang, 1831)" authorityName="Horsak et al." authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Rang" baseAuthorityYear="1831" class="Gastropoda" family="Achatinidae" genus="Subulina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="striatella">
|
||
<emphasis id="66BDB919BDF062304585AC71774D1371" italics="true">Subulina striatella</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0091FD658B7CC136E2F15D8E8ACBEE57" author="Rang S" refId="B127" refString="Rang S (1831) Description des coquilles terrestres recueillies pendant un voyage a la cote occidentale d'Afrique, et au Bresil. Annales des Sciences Naturelles 24 (93): 5 - 63 [, pls. 1 - 3]." year="1831">Rang, 1831</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
formed a monophyletic group belonging to an unsupported clade including only Old World species, but unfortunately the study included a small selection of subulinine genera, only one of which was from neotropical America.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5D7332C5A83FFCB815E2BD8658240320">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="943757DABBF358BA2B888BAE65679E6A" baseAuthorityName="Bruguiere" baseAuthorityYear="1789" class="Gastropoda" family="Achatinidae" genus="Subulina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="octona">
|
||
<emphasis id="78C1955AE9C1CC4881E6DC2AE2312D9C" italics="true">Subulina octona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is now distributed widely in humid tropical and subtropical lowlands across the world. It occurs in Central America, the West Indies, South America, sub-Saharan Africa, West Indian Ocean islands, South, South-East, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="4E8B44441F4500BC32B08727A7F2C9BD" name="China">East Asia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, New
|
||
<collectingCountry id="7AC9ECA1C19CA7495BA3749AC362AFB5" name="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="507B4776AFB10ECF520079E898A265B5" name="Australia">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and Pacific islands. In the mid temperate latitudes of the northern hemisphere, it only occurs in greenhouses and hothouses (see Table
|
||
<tableCitation id="A970882CF6A35D5104E2098618E2117C" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="T4" captionText="Table 4. Geographical distribution of Subulina octona. Asterisks indicate countries / islands where the species has been recorded only in greenhouses or very disturbed anthropogenic habitats." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/5F9905E7A514E7917177D908B189DBD5" tableUuid="5F9905E7A514E7917177D908B189DBD5">4</tableCitation>
|
||
for details and references).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="5F9905E7A514E7917177D908B189DBD5" ID-Table-UUID="5F9905E7A514E7917177D908B189DBD5" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/5F9905E7A514E7917177D908B189DBD5" startId="T4">
|
||
<paragraph id="1B7E7E27B2B950481154B4DA8C39F5E4">
|
||
<label id="20E69343587B1946F0D9CFEFCF5F045D">Table 4.</label>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="093ECC210E7A11D28122F164F402D016">
|
||
Geographical distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="928EDFC829183E4FF63DFD7481E0E5BA" baseAuthorityName="Bruguiere" baseAuthorityYear="1789" class="Gastropoda" family="Achatinidae" genus="Subulina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="octona">
|
||
<emphasis id="87007D15DF005019A8D1D1B7CC7344B9" italics="true">Subulina octona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Asterisks indicate countries / islands where the species has been recorded only in greenhouses or very disturbed anthropogenic habitats.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="3E398B73F89AEB6E2AAD6ACFD5D77CC2">
|
||
<table id="TID0ELIAK" rules="all">
|
||
<tbody id="750227FD529FD4CD0F7FB2C7E79C9CEB">
|
||
<tr id="63ABB3DC61C0AEE6DC72989BCCE2BA4A">
|
||
<th id="7860F839E2240379FB911B7D660C97C3" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Regions</th>
|
||
<th id="9E6A964A9CB7F7CDD956A6A46E6F4D2B" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Countries / Islands</th>
|
||
<th id="EC7A77AF151828CD33380F574AB7DCC1" colspan="1" rowspan="1">References</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="392E845D0332F3C3983AC571F4CF25EF">
|
||
<td id="BA964861DF636E64801CD55F4E20775D" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="202D2154057711779F7148015A83BF9E" bold="true">North America</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="2D0EBFCF8C344893C5668B4C589A11BD" colspan="1" rowspan="1">United States *</td>
|
||
<td id="423FC59F45C0553A0CD9B31408123727" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="328EDC881492587F7E302E69E61DCB77" author="Dundee DS" firstAuthor="Dundee" journalOrPublisher="Sterkiana" pagination="1-37" refId="B40" refString="Dundee DS (1974) Catalog of introduced molluscs of eastern North America (North of Mexico). Sterkiana 55: 1–37." title="Catalog of introduced molluscs of eastern North America (North of Mexico)." volume="55" year="1974">Dundee (1974)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EDF0E42288FAEBD2BDC963ABD6B2414C" DOI="10.4003/006.032.0203" author="Nekola JC" firstAuthor="Nekola" issue="2" journalOrPublisher="American Malacological Bulletin" pagination="225-235" refId="B101" refString="Nekola JC (2014) Overview of the North American terrestrial gastropod fauna. American Malacological Bulletin 32 (2): 225–235. https://doi.org/10.4003/006.032.0203" title="Overview of the North American terrestrial gastropod fauna." volume="32" year="2014">Nekola (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="76996DB100441B5A8F9FEEB5458AD4B0">
|
||
<td id="B9F839670C4A00C5DE36B82FDF17A6E1" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5182657B4CB3E0E4878EAEBE1D6474B" bold="true">Central America</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="A77904660FB5B809A269B3AD1DF5A51C" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, and Salvador</td>
|
||
<td id="9784765FD5F9FB9425ACCFFE22930F06" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6325DCA4FA16C7DB90FE6BFE14BD66C3" DOI="10.58782/flmnh.bnej7351" author="Thompson FG" firstAuthor="Thompson" issue="1" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Florida State Museum Biological Sciences" pagination="1-299" refId="B158" refString="Thompson FG (2011) An annotated checklist and bibliography of the land and freshwater snails of Mexico and Central America. Bulletin of the Florida State Museum Biological Sciences 50 (1): 1–299. https://doi.org/10.58782/flmnh.bnej7351" title="An annotated checklist and bibliography of the land and freshwater snails of Mexico and Central America." volume="50" year="2011">Thompson (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="8D588BCA87324FC6B1271C4C2B77A2C1">
|
||
<td id="10150458B7B73E6E15184A3F5B84F4D2" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="401F7B866AF746C3964F22C21793F1FA" bold="true">West Indies</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="1131DEED011755AD499CD820DDDBC535" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, and Lesser Antilles (Barbados, Curaçao, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Saint Barthélemy, Saint Martin, and Trinidad)</td>
|
||
<td id="8FF74C5784D09D3584C7C1636336D4AF" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A0861A5B4AA5878A8050877047F1E3EA" author="Deisler JE & Abbott RT" firstAuthor="Deisler" issue="1" journalOrPublisher="The Nautilus" pagination="12-17" refId="B38" refString="Deisler JE, Abbott RT (1984) Range extensions of some introduced land mollusks in the Bahama Islands, with first reports for four species. The Nautilus 98 (1): 12–17." title="Range extensions of some introduced land mollusks in the Bahama Islands, with first reports for four species." volume="98" year="1984">Deisler and Abbott (1984)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="33610BFDD84B2F6422929D0AB7061278" author="Chase R & Robinson DG" firstAuthor="Chase" journalOrPublisher="Malacologia" pagination="33-57" refId="B23" refString="Chase R, Robinson DG (2001) The uncertain history of land snails on Barbados: Implications for conservation. Malacologia 43: 33–57." title="The uncertain history of land snails on Barbados: Implications for conservation." volume="43" year="2001">Chase and Robinson (2001)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3A4286E5E3B1519198A66E9B630DFFD1" DOI="10.1635/i0097-3157-155-1-117.1" author="Rosenberg G & Muratov IV" firstAuthor="Rosenberg" issue="1" journalOrPublisher="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pagination="117-161" refId="B133" refString="Rosenberg G, Muratov IV (2006) Status report on the terrestrial Mollusca of Jamaica. Proceedings. Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 155 (1): 117–161. https://doi.org/10.1635/i0097-3157-155-1-117.1" title="Status report on the terrestrial Mollusca of Jamaica. Proceedings." volume="155" year="2006">Rosenberg and Muratov (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="29D0382EFF70A4722B7D1222AEDA6FE0" author="Espinosa J & Ortea J" firstAuthor="Espinosa" journalOrPublisher="UPC Print, Vasa, Finland" refId="B43" refString="Espinosa J, Ortea J (2009) Moluscos terrestres de Cuba. UPC Print, Vasa, Finland, 191 pp." title="Moluscos terrestres de Cuba." year="2009">Espinosa and Ortea (2009)</bibRefCitation>
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||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="82C284F8F7F567B2A849C2ABFB447D42" author="Robinson DG & Hovestadt A & Fields A & Breure ASH" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Robinson" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Mededelingen Leiden" pagination="615-650" refId="B132" refString="Robinson DG, Hovestadt A, Fields A, Breure ASH (2009) The land Mollusca of Dominica, Lesser Antilles. Zoologische Mededelingen Leiden 83: 615–650." title="The land Mollusca of Dominica, Lesser Antilles." volume="83" year="2009">Robinson et al. (2009)</bibRefCitation>
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||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5D8935EF18A809155B69E811F3C57566" author="Rutherford MG" firstAuthor="Rutherford" journalOrPublisher="Club" pagination="42-45" refId="B138" refString="Rutherford MG (2011) Land Snails from the Five-Islands Archipelago, North-west Trinidad, West Indies. Living World, Journal of The Trinidad and Tobago Field Naturalists’. Club 2011: 42–45." title="Land Snails from the Five-Islands Archipelago, North-west Trinidad, West Indies. Living World, Journal of The Trinidad and Tobago Field Naturalists’." volume="2011" year="2011">Rutherford (2011)</bibRefCitation>
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,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F17187BF9D828D4531FC78E122E4A190" author="Maceira D & Miquel SE & Espinosa J & Virgillito M & Lauranzón B" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Maceira" journalOrPublisher="Solenodon" pagination="95-102" refId="B85" refString="Maceira D, Miquel SE, Espinosa J, Virgillito M, Lauranzón B (2013) Moluscos terrestres exóticos y primera cita de la familia Punctidae (Mollusca: Pulmonata: Gastropoda) y de su especie Paralaoma servilis para Cuba. Solenodon 11: 95–102." title="Moluscos terrestres exóticos y primera cita de la familia Punctidae (Mollusca: Pulmonata: Gastropoda) y de su especie Paralaoma servilis para Cuba." volume="11" year="2013">Maceira et al. (2013)</bibRefCitation>
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,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C6A4EEEC14FF757E10E85381C21CDD65" author="Charles L" firstAuthor="Charles" refId="B22" refString="Charles L (2015) Mollusques terrestres de l’archipel de la Guadeloupe, Petites Antilles. Rapport d’inventaire 2014–2015. DEAL Guadeloupe, 88 pp [, 11 pls + annexes]." year="2015">Charles (2015)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FAB7A227E3E28CA2BEE8A118A91DC41A" author="Delannoye R & Charles L & Pointier J-P & Massemin D" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Delannoye" journalOrPublisher="Biotope, Mèze, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris [collection Inventaires et biodiversité]" refId="B39" refString="Delannoye R, Charles L, Pointier J-P, Massemin D (2015) Mollusques continentaux de la Martinique. Non-marine Molluscs of Martinique, Lesser Antilles. Biotope, Mèze, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris [collection Inventaires et biodiversité], 328 pp." title="Mollusques continentaux de la Martinique. Non-marine Molluscs of Martinique, Lesser Antilles." year="2015">Delannoye et al. (2015)</bibRefCitation>
|
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,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DA0CD8FA53FF60CB93002EC7CDF5D17A" author="Breure B & Hovestadt A & Fields A & Robinson D" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Breure" journalOrPublisher="The Nautilus" pagination="27-52" refId="B14" refString="Breure B, Hovestadt A, Fields A, Robinson D (2016) The land Mollusca (Gastropoda) of Saint Kitts and Nevis (Lesser Antilles), with description of a new species. The Nautilus 130: 27–52." title="The land Mollusca (Gastropoda) of Saint Kitts and Nevis (Lesser Antilles), with description of a new species." volume="130" year="2016">Breure et al. (2016)</bibRefCitation>
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,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D37A80DC8E38E55F16E2BDF4FA39F516" DOI="10.15560/12.5.1968" author="Herrera-Uria J" firstAuthor="Herrera-Uria" issue="5" journalOrPublisher="Check List" pagination="1968" refId="B61" refString="Herrera-Uria J (2016) A checklist of terrestrial molluscs (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from Sierra Bibijagua, Isla de la Juventud, Cuba. Check List 12 (5): 1968. https://doi.org/10.15560/12.5.1968" title="A checklist of terrestrial molluscs (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from Sierra Bibijagua, Isla de la Juventud, Cuba." volume="12" year="2016">Herrera-Uria (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0AB78F03C3D07A6E02C5DCA43EC0F7C5" author="Hovestadt A & van Leeuwen S" firstAuthor="Hovestadt" journalOrPublisher="Vita Malacologica" pagination="1-39" refId="B68" refString="Hovestadt A, van Leeuwen S (2017) Terrestrial molluscs of Aruba, Bonaire and Curaçao in the Dutch Caribbean: An updated checklist and guide to identification. Vita Malacologica 16: 1–39." title="Terrestrial molluscs of Aruba, Bonaire and Curaçao in the Dutch Caribbean: An updated checklist and guide to identification." volume="16" year="2017">Hovestadt and van Leeuwen (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C2CFDA436D6CA86A4D403556FBDEFFFA" author="Hovestadt A & Neckheim CM" firstAuthor="Hovestadt" journalOrPublisher="Folia Conchyliologica" pagination="1-38" refId="B67" refString="Hovestadt A, Neckheim CM (2020) A critical checklist of the non-marine molluscs of St. Martin, with notes on the terrestrial malacofauna of Anguilla and Saint-Barthélemy, and the description of a new subspecies. Folia Conchyliologica 57: 1–38." title="A critical checklist of the non-marine molluscs of St. Martin, with notes on the terrestrial malacofauna of Anguilla and Saint-Barthélemy, and the description of a new subspecies." volume="57" year="2020">Hovestadt and Neckheim (2020)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0E389592CA9A146CE98074DADF0BC429" DOI="10.33800/nc.vi17.250" author="Espinosa JA & Robinson DG" firstAuthor="Espinosa" issue="17" journalOrPublisher="Novitates Caribaea" pagination="71-146" refId="B44" refString="Espinosa JA, Robinson DG (2021) Annotated checklist of the terrestrial mollusks (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from Hispaniola Island. Novitates Caribaea 17 (17): 71–146. https://doi.org/10.33800/nc.vi17.250" title="Annotated checklist of the terrestrial mollusks (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from Hispaniola Island." volume="17" year="2021">Espinosa and Robinson (2021)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F2B19BCFA01ACCEB08CEE33E8EEDA81B">
|
||
<td id="FB23191F0D2577C28ED0DA4E28B19384" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="503F5F104C3B2BB96708D5151FB316AC" bold="true">South America</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="393CB40BDA9813C109DDA8DC2FF9BC47" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Brazil, Columbia, Ecuador, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela</td>
|
||
<td id="910AE14EAE149B167B2E93817566BD8E" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AC4AE5F3E75BA4FBB1021468A44418E4" author="Baker HB" firstAuthor="Baker" refId="B4" refString="Baker HB (1927) The Mollusca collected by the University of Michigan-Williamson Expedition in Venezuela. Part V. Occasional Papers of the Museum of zoology – University of Michigan 182: 1–36 [, pls. 20–26]." year="1927">Baker (1927)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6843969E72AA5266E0BFD44C776CA913" DOI="10.1080/01650526809360407" author="Marcus E & Marcus E" firstAuthor="Marcus" issue="3" journalOrPublisher="Beiträge zur Neotropischen Fauna" pagination="186-208" refId="B87" refString="Marcus E, Marcus E (1968) Über einige Subulinidae (Pulmonata von Sao Paulo). Beiträge zur Neotropischen Fauna 5 (3): 186–208. https://doi.org/10.1080/01650526809360407" title="Über einige Subulinidae (Pulmonata von Sao Paulo)." volume="5" year="1968">Marcus and Marcus (1968)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="28345FFA1D59052D96694DC4F29F89A2" author="van Regteren Altena CO" firstAuthor="van Regteren Altena" refId="B163" refString="van Regteren Altena CO (1975) Land Gastropoda of Suriname, with the description of a new species of Nesopupa. Basteria 39 (3 / 6): 29–50." year="1975">van Regteren Altena (1975)</bibRefCitation>
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||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0B3FE38CEB28594CEF433FD009D2CAF8" author="Simone LRL" firstAuthor="Simone" journalOrPublisher="EGB, São Paulo" refId="B145" refString="Simone LRL (2006) Land and freshwater molluscs of Brazil. EGB, São Paulo, 390 pp." title="Land and freshwater molluscs of Brazil." year="2006">Simone (2006)</bibRefCitation>
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,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D2FEE1D350CB977D0F42D4D168B2229C" DOI="10.1007/s10530-010-9715-x" author="Rumi A & Sánchez J & Ferrando NS" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Rumi" journalOrPublisher="Biological Invasions" pagination="2985-2990" refId="B136" refString="Rumi A, Sánchez J, Ferrando NS (2010) Theba pisana (Müller, 1774) (Gastropoda, Helicidae) and other alien land molluscs species in Argentina. Biological Invasions 12: 2985–2990. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-010-9715-x" title="Theba pisana (Müller, 1774) (Gastropoda, Helicidae) and other alien land molluscs species in Argentina." volume="12" year="2010">Rumi et al. (2010)</bibRefCitation>
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||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="714AD206C68A039D726ADB7715F3A833" author="Breure ASH & Roosen MT & Ablett JD" journalOrPublisher="Iberus: Revista de la Sociedad Espanola de Malacologia" pagination="1-290" refId="B15" refString="Breure ASH, Roosen MT, Ablett JD (2022 a) Land and freshwater molluscs of mainland Ecuador: An illustrated checklist. Iberus: Revista de la Sociedad Espanola de Malacologia 40: 1–290." title="Land and freshwater molluscs of mainland Ecuador: An illustrated checklist." volume="40">Breure et al. (2022 a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="D318D6E4B16565D540C9D9F665AC7680">
|
||
<td id="72B469A984E6191DAA9E65FB99715D32" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="A5FBBC9135FB316445365DEA0B4736AF" bold="true">Atlantic Ocean</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="37F092D5EF539D49EBA966D4550FAC28" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Bermuda</td>
|
||
<td id="191CAF351CEED2ADD41390B4B0C4162D" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D6DC0D48D97FE8115D21F8F1A94E3171" author="Bieler R & Slapcinsky J" firstAuthor="Bieler" journalOrPublisher="Nemouria Occasional Papers of the Delaware Museum of Natural History" pagination="1-100" refId="B9" refString="Bieler R, Slapcinsky J (2000) A case study for the development of an island fauna: recent terrestrial mollusks of Bermuda. Nemouria Occasional Papers of the Delaware Museum of Natural History 44: 1–100." title="A case study for the development of an island fauna: recent terrestrial mollusks of Bermuda." volume="44" year="2000">Bieler and Slapcinsky (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="7B2B7D11CBC74AAC4144EAFBECAB6F94">
|
||
<td id="165E8FA8EE9A0417BDDFC32A62AF1E61" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B56CCBDE0F08B3B2D24AE05D9124834" bold="true">Europe</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="6CE177A4A35E36705DB472C4BF001C48" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Austria *, Czech Republic *, Denmark *, Great Britain *, Ireland *, Italy *, Netherlands *, and Sweden *</td>
|
||
<td id="804D8D282C78FB58BCE489D31A655946" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CA364BF8DEC2757BA9FA4A6433F520E1" author="Kerney MP & Cameron RAD" firstAuthor="Kerney" journalOrPublisher="Collins, London" refId="B78" refString="Kerney MP, Cameron RAD (1979) A field guide to the land snails of Britain and north-west Europe. Collins, London, 288 pp." title="A field guide to the land snails of Britain and north-west Europe." year="1979">Kerney and Cameron (1979)</bibRefCitation>
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||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E41DE628D16054AA7812F162E86CF653" author="von Proschwitz" firstAuthor="von Proschwitz" issue="2" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Conchology" pagination="184-185" refId="B171" refString="von Proschwitz T (1994) Lamellaxis clavulinus (Potiez & Michaud) as a greenhouse species in Sweden. Journal of Conchology 35 (2): 184–185." title="Lamellaxis clavulinus (Potiez & Michaud) as a greenhouse species in Sweden." volume="35" year="1994">von Proschwitz (1994</bibRefCitation>
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,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A1C6EA1233722F8F711B5202502C37F3" author="von Proschwitz" firstAuthor="von Proschwitz" journalOrPublisher="Göteborgs Naturhistoriska Museum Årstryck" pagination="33-51" refId="B173" refString="von Proschwitz T (2016) Faunistical news from the Göteborg Natural History Museum 2015 – snails, slugs and mussels – with some notes on Leptinaria unilamellata (d’Orbigny) – a land snail species new to Sweden. Göteborgs Naturhistoriska Museum Årstryck 2016: 33–51." title="Faunistical news from the Göteborg Natural History Museum 2015 - snails, slugs and mussels - with some notes on Leptinaria unilamellata (d’Orbigny) - a land snail species new to Sweden." volume="2016" year="2016">2016</bibRefCitation>
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),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="29D86627290B857880B546CD15A9C3DD" DOI="10.5817/MaB2006-5-1" author="Juricková L" firstAuthor="Jurickova" journalOrPublisher="Malacologica Bohemoslovaca: Journal About Molluscs in Central Europe" pagination="1-2" refId="B75" refString="Juricková L (2006) Subulina octona (Bruguière, 1798) – a new greenhouse species for the Czech Republic (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Subulinidae). Malacologica Bohemoslovaca: Journal About Molluscs in Central Europe 5: 1–2. https://doi.org/10.5817/MaB2006-5-1" title="Subulina octona (Bruguière, 1798) - a new greenhouse species for the Czech Republic (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Subulinidae)." volume="5" year="2006">Juricková (2006)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="E313F43563A6458BDC7D40460A4ED8BA" author="Da Sois L" firstAuthor="Da Sois" refId="B37" refString="Da Sois L (2015) Greenhouse gastropods of the Hortus botanicus Leiden (distribution) and other experiences in the Botanical Garden. Bachelor Thesis, University of Padova, Padova, Italy. http://tesi.cab.unipd.it/61106/1/Bacheor_thesis_Luca_Da_Sois.pdf [Accessed on 12. 11. 2023]" url="http://tesi.cab.unipd.it/61106/1/Bacheor_thesis_Luca_Da_Sois.pdf" year="2015">Da Sois (2015)</bibRefCitation>
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,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DD58EE463C401E69B2149C495ACE1F25" author="Reischütz A & Reischütz PL & Richling I & Gilli C" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Reischutz" journalOrPublisher="Nachrichtenblatt der Ersten Vorarlberger Malakologischen Gesellschaft" pagination="31-41" refId="B128" refString="Reischütz A, Reischütz PL, Richling I, Gilli C (2018) Die Molluskenfauna des Botanischen Gartens der Universität Wien. 2: Die Mollusken der Glashäuser. Nachrichtenblatt der Ersten Vorarlberger Malakologischen Gesellschaft 25: 31–41." title="Die Molluskenfauna des Botanischen Gartens der Universität Wien. 2: Die Mollusken der Glashäuser." volume="25" year="2018">Reischütz et al. (2018)</bibRefCitation>
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,
|
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<bibRefCitation id="416B9271DE6568084A24E9CDDF56935C" author="Anderson R & Rowson B" firstAuthor="Anderson" refId="B1" refString="Anderson R, Rowson B (2020) Annotated list of the non-marine Mollusca of Britain and Ireland. https://conchsoc.org/sites/default/files/MolluscWorld/Anderson-2008.pdf [Accessed on 02. 02. 2023]" url="https://conchsoc.org/sites/default/files/MolluscWorld/Anderson-2008.pdf" year="2020">Anderson and Rowson (2020)</bibRefCitation>
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,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7627DC7296F65AB8E29843290A573A38" DOI="10.4002/040.063.0112" author="Horsák M & Naggs F & Backeljau T" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Horsak" issue="1" journalOrPublisher="Malacologia" pagination="123-130" refId="B66" refString="Horsák M, Naggs F, Backeljau T (2020) Paropeas achatinaceum (Pfeiffer, 1846) and other alien subulinine and opeatine land snails in European greenhouses (Gastropoda, Achatinidae). Malacologia 63 (1): 123–130. https://doi.org/10.4002/040.063.0112" title="Paropeas achatinaceum (Pfeiffer, 1846) and other alien subulinine and opeatine land snails in European greenhouses (Gastropoda, Achatinidae)." volume="63" year="2020">Horsák et al. (2020)</bibRefCitation>
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, this paper
|
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</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="9C649CA03D14F593DFD43115C0FFA4DB">
|
||
<td id="87A368E86CF765B9B9E4E5BAA92C2A8E" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="C0959D4501B7951CB8B5754A74746399" bold="true">Africa</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="357B6D6C077DC2C13F71A5845C31B0DF" colspan="1" rowspan="1">South Africa, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe</td>
|
||
<td id="E3A1CD1BA0D53AFDEA8E3DE574561507" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F1D682EF665A4CCBF44B8BDCCC674C33" author="van Bruggen AC" firstAuthor="van Bruggen" journalOrPublisher="Basteria" pagination="71-72" refId="B160" refString="van Bruggen AC (1981) Cochlicopa lubricella and Helix aspersa as alien land snails (Gastropoda, Pulmonata) in Zimbabwe / Rhodesia. Basteria 45: 71–72." title="Cochlicopa lubricella and Helix aspersa as alien land snails (Gastropoda, Pulmonata) in Zimbabwe / Rhodesia." volume="45" year="1981">van Bruggen (1981)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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||
<bibRefCitation id="E7A011013C5B97B45C7D4BFBEE963841" author="Rowson B" firstAuthor="Rowson" issue="4" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Conchology" pagination="425-466" refId="B134" refString="Rowson B (2007) Land molluscs of Zanzibar Island (Unguja), Tanzania, including a new species of Gulella (Pulmonata: Streptaxidae). Journal of Conchology 39 (4): 425–466." title="Land molluscs of Zanzibar Island (Unguja), Tanzania, including a new species of Gulella (Pulmonata: Streptaxidae)." volume="39" year="2007">Rowson (2007)</bibRefCitation>
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,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8C9CCA515F406DB1C6B35DBF2D59E736" author="Herbert DG" firstAuthor="Herbert" journalOrPublisher="South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria" refId="B60" refString="Herbert DG (2010) The introduced terrestrial Mollusca of South Africa. SANBI Biodiversity Series 15. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, 108 pp." title="The introduced terrestrial Mollusca of South Africa. SANBI Biodiversity Series 15." year="2010">Herbert (2010)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="D8AFADC61C1FB3C11BF672C8E9E208BA">
|
||
<td id="705051A1C51E63E255A42F26A23D9D2A" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="51AF956EE3F4B5934D83A80D92118F14" bold="true">Indian Ocean</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="151BDB1565D23F43B468B3A8A35FF576" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Aldabra, Madagascar, Maldives, Mascarene, Pemba, and Seychelles</td>
|
||
<td id="C1E26876DE10B6A957F58A6D9371CC5A" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4914FF495AFEECD9178E2974093FD849" author="Probst J-M" firstAuthor="Probst" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin Phaethon" pagination="1-3" refId="B124" refString="Probst J-M (2001) Description de quelques taxons de la faune malacologique introduite de La Réunion. Bulletin Phaethon 13: 1–3." title="Description de quelques taxons de la faune malacologique introduite de La Réunion." volume="13" year="2001">Probst (2001)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="A3D9EDFAC97A8311D62A3C068A1E3E5B" author="Gerlach J" firstAuthor="Gerlach" journalOrPublisher="Backhuys, Leiden" refId="B51" refString="Gerlach J (2006) Terrestrial and freshwater Mollusca of the Seychelles Islands. Backhuys, Leiden, 141 pp." title="Terrestrial and freshwater Mollusca of the Seychelles Islands." year="2006">Gerlach (2006)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="5D7A61CEB01166DA477DA8FB62FDE8F4" author="Griffiths OL & Florens VFB" firstAuthor="Griffiths" journalOrPublisher="Bioculture Press, Mauritius" refId="B57" refString="Griffiths OL, Florens VFB (2006) A field guide to the non-marine molluscs of the Mascarene Islands (Mauritius, Réunion and Rodrigues) and the northern dependencies of Mauritius. Bioculture Press, Mauritius, 188 pp." title="A field guide to the non-marine molluscs of the Mascarene Islands (Mauritius, Réunion and Rodrigues) and the northern dependencies of Mauritius." year="2006">Griffiths and Florens (2006)</bibRefCitation>
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,
|
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<bibRefCitation id="DD68E52967A7E0A9FF96B8EC58B25D20" author="Rowson B" firstAuthor="Rowson" issue="4" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Conchology" pagination="425-466" refId="B134" refString="Rowson B (2007) Land molluscs of Zanzibar Island (Unguja), Tanzania, including a new species of Gulella (Pulmonata: Streptaxidae). Journal of Conchology 39 (4): 425–466." title="Land molluscs of Zanzibar Island (Unguja), Tanzania, including a new species of Gulella (Pulmonata: Streptaxidae)." volume="39" year="2007">Rowson (2007)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="8B3EDC6F543ED77312F9B5ED7A58A459" DOI="10.1127/arch.moll/1869-0963/138/137-167" author="Emberton KC & Griffiths OL" firstAuthor="Emberton" issue="2" journalOrPublisher="Archiv für Molluskenkunde der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft" pagination="137-167" refId="B41" refString="Emberton KC, Griffiths OL (2009) Pulmonate land mollusks from three rainforest transects in northeastern Madagascar: part 1 of 2, with descriptions of 12 new species and one new subspecies: (Gastropoda: Pulmonata). Archiv für Molluskenkunde der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 138 (2): 137–167. https://doi.org/10.1127/arch.moll/1869-0963/138/137-167" title="Pulmonate land mollusks from three rainforest transects in northeastern Madagascar: part 1 of 2, with descriptions of 12 new species and one new subspecies: (Gastropoda: Pulmonata)." volume="138" year="2009">Emberton and Griffiths (2009)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EB3FCFB0E1D49A6088FA07D99D283184" DOI="10.3897/zookeys.70.762" author="Rowson B & Warren BH & Ngereza CF" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Rowson" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pagination="1-39" refId="B135" refString="Rowson B, Warren BH, Ngereza CF (2010) Terrestrial molluscs of Pemba Island, Zanzibar, Tanzania, and its status as an “ oceanic ” island. ZooKeys 70: 1–39. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.70.762" title="Terrestrial molluscs of Pemba Island, Zanzibar, Tanzania, and its status as an “ oceanic ” island." volume="70" year="2010">Rowson et al. (2010)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="4212D1FBC6FF97775E6A1E1C43D56646" author="Gittenberger E & van Bruggen AC" firstAuthor="Gittenberger" issue="3" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Mededelingen Leiden" pagination="235-273" refId="B54" refString="Gittenberger E, van Bruggen AC (2013) Land snails of the islet of Misali, off Pemba Island, Zanzibar, Tanzania. Zoologische Mededelingen Leiden 87 (3): 235–273." title="Land snails of the islet of Misali, off Pemba Island, Zanzibar, Tanzania." volume="87" year="2013">Gittenberger and van Bruggen (2013)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="FDABFFD1B18626EAA8D27D00DB8A8366" author="Gittenberger E & Reijnen BT & Groenenberg DSJ" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Gittenberger" refId="B55" refString="Gittenberger E, Reijnen BT, Groenenberg DSJ (2019) Terrestrial gastropods of the Maldives, all of which are invasive? Journal of Conchology 43: 353–383." year="2019">Gittenberger et al. (2019)</bibRefCitation>
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</td>
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</tr>
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||
<tr id="982058A6E8EF3E070788132E80955A14">
|
||
<td id="C90D132441BFA9BE264DC762CA6E2B26" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="DDE85C27B01353CDE3BFE849B3244B65" bold="true">South Asia</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="02D45887CCA5C31C568F0817A6FEA476" colspan="1" rowspan="1">India and Sri Lanka</td>
|
||
<td id="F720FB69A9DF8D7ED6CF826FA2043895" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D518B082CB2E869F15E7563CA17DF973" author="Ranawana KB" editor="Bambaradeniya CNB" firstAuthor="Ranawana" journalOrPublisher="The World Conservation Union, Colombo, Sri Lanka & Government of Sri Lanka" pagination="84-99" refId="B126" refString="Ranawana KB (2006) Land snails in Sri Lanka. In: Bambaradeniya CNB (Ed.) The fauna of Sri Lanka: status of taxonomy, research and conservation. The World Conservation Union, Colombo, Sri Lanka & Government of Sri Lanka, 84–99." title="Land snails in Sri Lanka." volumeTitle="The fauna of Sri Lanka: status of taxonomy, research and conservation." year="2006">Ranawana (2006)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="8DE338995A7907DA86C97ED246294840" author="Raheem DC & Taylor H & Ablett J & Preece RC & Aravind NA & Naggs F" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Raheem" refId="B125" refString="Raheem DC, Taylor H, Ablett J, Preece RC, Aravind NA, Naggs F (2014) A systematic revision of the land snails of the Western Ghats of India. Tropical Natural History (Supplement 4): 1–298." year="2014">Raheem et al. (2014)</bibRefCitation>
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</td>
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</tr>
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||
<tr id="088D83F372F90EC7027A75C344596AE5">
|
||
<td id="4740AB18EA7B5FB2DD2D90B5C42E2165" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="BF75F0AA5701AB0F6D54438EF37780D5" bold="true">South-East Asia</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="33EB40E6B35ECD2C4E826454746ACB2D" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Indonesia, Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah in Malaysian Borneo, Singapore, and Vietnam</td>
|
||
<td id="74063B8072595343D0619D1F231A7F18" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5B05A9797C098B60B21DFCF9FD61832F" author="Schileyko AA" firstAuthor="Schileyko" issue="1" journalOrPublisher="Ruthenica" pagination="1-68" refId="B140" refString="Schileyko AA (2011) Check-list of land pulmonate molluscs of Vietnam (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora). Ruthenica 21 (1): 1–68." title="Check-list of land pulmonate molluscs of Vietnam (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora)." volume="21" year="2011">Schileyko (2011)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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||
<bibRefCitation id="375A013544B2ADA43F1E94FDADDB0350" author="Tan SK & Lim KKP & Chua MAH" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Tan" journalOrPublisher="Nature in Singapore" pagination="25-30" refId="B156" refString="Tan SK, Lim KKP, Chua MAH (2015) Terrestrial snails and slugs (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of Pulau Tekong, Singapore. Nature in Singapore 8: 25–30." title="Terrestrial snails and slugs (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of Pulau Tekong, Singapore." volume="8" year="2015">Tan et al. (2015)</bibRefCitation>
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,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5BAFE5952EF7D283A9518C2D5DD1DF3C" DOI="10.3897/zookeys.682.12999" author="Foon JK & Clements GR & Liew T-S" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Foon" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pagination="1-94" refId="B49" refString="Foon JK, Clements GR, Liew T-S (2017) Diversity and biogeography of land snails (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the limestone hills of Perak, Peninsular Malaysia. ZooKeys 682: 1–94. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.682.12999" title="Diversity and biogeography of land snails (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the limestone hills of Perak, Peninsular Malaysia." volume="682" year="2017">Foon et al. (2017)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="DED2BC21EE0E3C14139A6486E444AC8C" DOI="10.3897/zookeys.673.12422" author="Phung C-C & Yu FTY & Liew T-S" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Phung" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pagination="49-104" refId="B113" refString="Phung C-C, Yu FTY, Liew T-S (2017) A checklist of land snails from the west coast islands of Sabah, Borneo (Mollusca, Gastropoda). ZooKeys 673: 49–104. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.673.12422" title="A checklist of land snails from the west coast islands of Sabah, Borneo (Mollusca, Gastropoda)." volume="673" year="2017">Phung et al. (2017)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="A45ED423B0EC4D0886E67B5818E63C9E" DOI="10.1093/mollus/eyy062" author="Nurinsiyaha AS & Hausdorf B" firstAuthor="Nurinsiyaha" issue="1" journalOrPublisher="The Journal of Molluscan Studies" pagination="92-102" refId="B104" refString="Nurinsiyaha AS, Hausdorf B (2019) Listing, impact assessment and prioritization of introduced land snail and slug species in Indonesia. The Journal of Molluscan Studies 85 (1): 92–102. https://doi.org/10.1093/mollus/eyy062" title="Listing, impact assessment and prioritization of introduced land snail and slug species in Indonesia." volume="85" year="2019">Nurinsiyaha and Hausdorf (2019)</bibRefCitation>
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||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="D35D0AEC28471C13731E705DA56E5B7B">
|
||
<td id="F0C7194C97B11E86851E666C3F183381" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="253666D73191B6E3F71E3BB233472EC3" bold="true">East Asia</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="2E924E85AD7C89E445D4A3DE2ECF5C24" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Dongsha Islands and Japan *</td>
|
||
<td id="65F6D63805C44D63DEC08E33E95272CA" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D30FD4EE6908433C422313197E324813" author="Minato H" firstAuthor="Minato" refId="B91" refString="Minato H (1988) A systematic and bibliographic list of the Japanese land snails. Society for the publication of a systematic and bibliographic list of the Japanese land snails, Shirahama, [x +] 294 pp [, 7 pls]." year="1988">Minato (1988)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="039F1370E8820B44D5425471340A3E36" author="Wu SP & Hwang CC & Huang HM & Chang HW & Lin YS & Lee PF" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Wu" issue="2" journalOrPublisher="Taiwania" pagination="145-151" refId="B178" refString="Wu SP, Hwang CC, Huang HM, Chang HW, Lin YS, Lee PF (2007) Land molluscan fauna of the Dongsha Island with twenty new recorded species. Taiwania 52 (2): 145–151." title="Land molluscan fauna of the Dongsha Island with twenty new recorded species." volume="52" year="2007">Wu et al. (2007)</bibRefCitation>
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</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="BF74346E5B3357A366A85F46ABEEA447">
|
||
<td id="19F9091B305AC36E2DC17C28CC287385" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="4EEC58B39B9169AE8D636FB15D229A59" bold="true">Oceania</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="973E30C3B05CEF3657C39F8D7FFA04D4" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Australia, New Guinea, and Pacific islands (American Samoa, Belau / Palau, Cook Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji, French Polynesia, Galapagos Islands, Guam, Hawaii, Marshall Islands, New Caledonia, Northern Mariana Islands, Pitcairn Islands, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, and Vanuatu)</td>
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||
<td id="7B1DBD9C22E40C9DB0D3B3BBB9BF057C" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="0A198A2876CB48C788AEEB36A367A47B" author="Cowie RH & Rundell RJ & Yeung NW" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Cowie" refId="B31" refString="Cowie RH, Rundell RJ, Yeung NW (2017) Samoan land snails and slugs. An identification guide. Pago Pago, American Samoa. Department of Marine and Wildlife Resources, American Samoa Government, Contribution (Pacific Biological Survey), no. 2017-004, [viii +] 71 pp." year="2017">Cowie et al. (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="24B06D1FA7343FEB65433AA4C1FD89A0">
|
||
The distal genitalia of
|
||
<named-content id="8D78B3B13B1330A7254E4752E880B14D" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/museo-delle-scienze-0" xlink_title="Science Museum of Trentoe">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED8FCACB420FAA5F00342B028C71C75D" country="Italy" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35141" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35141" name="Museo delle Scienze" type="Museum">MUSE</collectionCode>
|
||
</named-content>
|
||
specimens show a general scheme identical to that described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EB1BF80327162C4922223CAF952AFBF0" author="Baker HB" firstAuthor="Baker" page="3 - 4" refId="B4" refString="Baker HB (1927) The Mollusca collected by the University of Michigan-Williamson Expedition in Venezuela. Part V. Occasional Papers of the Museum of zoology – University of Michigan 182: 1–36 [, pls. 20–26]." year="1927">Baker (1927: 3–4</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pl. 20, fig. 99),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EDEEA79CAD359D5751485B9F2EA3EED0" DOI="10.1080/01650526809360407" author="Marcus E & Marcus E" firstAuthor="Marcus" issue="3" journalOrPublisher="Beiträge zur Neotropischen Fauna" page="189 - 190" pagination="186-208" refId="B87" refString="Marcus E, Marcus E (1968) Über einige Subulinidae (Pulmonata von Sao Paulo). Beiträge zur Neotropischen Fauna 5 (3): 186–208. https://doi.org/10.1080/01650526809360407" title="Über einige Subulinidae (Pulmonata von Sao Paulo)." volume="5" year="1968">Marcus and Marcus (1968: 189–190)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B02275984179DF0B60855AD92872789F" DOI="10.1590/S0101-81751993000300016" author="Araújo JDB & Bessa EDA" firstAuthor="Araujo" issue="3" journalOrPublisher="Revista Brasileira de Zoologia" page="493 - 495" pagination="489-497" refId="B3" refString="Araújo JDB, Bessa EDA (1993) Moluscos de importância econômica no Brasil. II Subulinidae, Subulina octona (Bruguière) (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Stylommatophora). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 10 (3): 489–497. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81751993000300016" title="Moluscos de importância econômica no Brasil. II Subulinidae, Subulina octona (Bruguière) (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Stylommatophora)." volume="10" year="1993">Araújo and Bessa (1993: 493–495</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, figs 7–11), but differing in the size of the penial complex from that described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B09462631CD835D3753C57F5566F163F" author="Wiegmann F" firstAuthor="Wiegmann" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Ergebnisse einer Reise in Niederländisch Ost-Indien" page="214 - 216" pagination="112-259" refId="B175" refString="Wiegmann F (1894) Beiträge zur Anatomie der Landschnecken des Indischen Archipels. Zoologische Ergebnisse einer Reise in Niederländisch Ost-Indien 3: 112–259." title="Beiträge zur Anatomie der Landschnecken des Indischen Archipels." volume="3" year="1894">Wiegmann (1894: 214–216</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pl. 16, fig. 3; reproduced by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F287EF4CD175F7BD38C5CA1CF7F2926F" author="Pilsbry HA" firstAuthor="Pilsbry" page="173" refId="B119" refString="Pilsbry HA (1946) Land Mollusca of North America (North of Mexico). Vol. II. Part 1. The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia Monographs 3, 520 pp." year="1946">Pilsbry 1946: 173</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 83 h),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CA5AECC356065D6566F875C3E992AC5E" author="Schileyko" firstAuthor="Schileyko" refId="B139" refString="Schileyko AA (1999) Treatise on terrestrial pulmonate mollusks. Part 4. Draparnaudiidae, Caryodidae, Macrocyclidae, Acavidae, Clavatoridae, Dorcasiidae, Sculptariidae, Corillidae, Plectopylidae, Megalobulimidae, Strophocheilidae, Cerionidae, Achatinidae, Subulinidae, Glessulidae, Micractaeonidae, Ferrussaciidae. Ruthenica (Supplement 2): 453–564." year="1999">Schileyko (1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 662
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EETAI" xlink_title="bursa copulatrix (gametolytic gland)">BC</abbrev>
|
||
) and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E98E10199228AF460BB10D1852AEFFC2" author="Gittenberger E & van Bruggen AC" firstAuthor="Gittenberger" issue="3" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Mededelingen Leiden" page="250" pagination="235-273" refId="B54" refString="Gittenberger E, van Bruggen AC (2013) Land snails of the islet of Misali, off Pemba Island, Zanzibar, Tanzania. Zoologische Mededelingen Leiden 87 (3): 235–273." title="Land snails of the islet of Misali, off Pemba Island, Zanzibar, Tanzania." volume="87" year="2013">Gittenberger and van Bruggen (2013: 250)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Instead of a very short penial complex, in agreement with the first description by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C56FDBB85CCB0988234660760EF92487" author="Baker HB" firstAuthor="Baker" refId="B4" refString="Baker HB (1927) The Mollusca collected by the University of Michigan-Williamson Expedition in Venezuela. Part V. Occasional Papers of the Museum of zoology – University of Michigan 182: 1–36 [, pls. 20–26]." year="1927">Baker (1927)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<named-content id="ED70BD8CA9A783D565E2AF60B9EDB48B" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/museo-delle-scienze-0" xlink_title="Science Museum of Trentoe">
|
||
<collectionCode id="994987D18FD9D1BB0E7F9E8EF7FE9FE1" country="Italy" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35141" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35141" name="Museo delle Scienze" type="Museum">MUSE</collectionCode>
|
||
</named-content>
|
||
specimens have a long slender penial complex consisting of a short proximal portion (the epiphallus and the penial caecum closely juxtaposed to each other), a long slender medial portion (the proximal penis) and a short swollen distal portion (the distal penis). In particular, based on the male genitalia of a specimen from Dunoon (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DA5764D41F7AF55CCF307306D1CAF9D4" name="Guyana">Guyana</collectingCountry>
|
||
) mounted in glycerine jelly and viewed by transmitted light,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="016CB9C8279FE1BAE3DE2CF7299101EF" author="Baker HB" firstAuthor="Baker" refId="B4" refString="Baker HB (1927) The Mollusca collected by the University of Michigan-Williamson Expedition in Venezuela. Part V. Occasional Papers of the Museum of zoology – University of Michigan 182: 1–36 [, pls. 20–26]." year="1927">Baker (1927)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described the proximal portion as consisting of a flagellar appendix [the penial caecum] and a very short, thick walled tract [the epiphallus]; the vas deferens entering the penial complex at the proximal end of the epiphallus; the penial retractor joining at the tip of penial caecum; a rather elongate papilla present at the internal opening of the epiphallus into the proximal penis. Baker also described a penial sheath enveloping the distal penis joined by a muscular branch originating from the right lower tentacle retractor; finally he interpreted the structure that
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="ECBD1A9590E5FCAE6B8AC89EA75A9BD6" author="Wiegmann F" firstAuthor="Wiegmann" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Ergebnisse einer Reise in Niederländisch Ost-Indien" pagination="112-259" refId="B175" refString="Wiegmann F (1894) Beiträge zur Anatomie der Landschnecken des Indischen Archipels. Zoologische Ergebnisse einer Reise in Niederländisch Ost-Indien 3: 112–259." title="Beiträge zur Anatomie der Landschnecken des Indischen Archipels." volume="3" year="1894">Wiegmann (1894)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described and figured as the penis as being only the distal penis surrounded by a heavy muscular sheath.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B3F365812C2BC36D93D486CF4588A961">
|
||
The small size and the very fine structure of the sections of the proximal portion of the penial complex make dissection difficult and differentiation of its components elusive. Our results substantially agree with Baker’s description. The differences are: the vas deferens enters the penial complex near the base and not at the tip of the epiphallus; the penial retractor consists of two branches, one joined to the epiphallus, the other to the penial caecum; the small size of the proximal penis makes the penial papilla impossible to detect by stereomicroscope; a classical penial sheath (such as that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DB7D50CAFF10C8A28F2A5038EBDA41B2" authorityName="H. B. Baker" authorityYear="1935" class="Gastropoda" family="Achatinidae" genus="Allopeas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8978DBC0ABD1494718826E07A380EAC9" italics="true">Allopeas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CDEBC10F55FE22E93EAF288991F8DA86" authorityName="Pilsbry" authorityYear="1906" class="Gastropoda" family="Achatinidae" genus="Paropeas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CFF3E9D4EA2FBE38BC2D475D1A32E3E" italics="true">Paropeas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) is absent, although a muscular branch from the right lower tentacle retractor joins the distal penis directly on the penial wall. Unfortunately, the scarcity of material prevented a more careful anatomical examination. Some uncertainties about its real organisation and the meaning of such differences among the various anatomical reports therefore remain.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AA98FFDAB84022504BA421380040FEEF">
|
||
Multi-gene phylogenetic analysis of the achatinoid snails by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A8599AD06F8E22D59CF571B8E44F96DB" DOI="10.1016/j.ympev.2017.06.014" author="Fontanilla IK & Naggs F & Wade CM" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Fontanilla" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pagination="382-385" refId="B48" refString="Fontanilla IK, Naggs F, Wade CM (2017) Molecular phylogeny of the Achatinoidea (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 114: 382–385. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2017.06.014" title="Molecular phylogeny of the Achatinoidea (Mollusca: Gastropoda)." volume="114" year="2017">Fontanilla et al. (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
found that the genus, as currently conceived, is polyphyletic because the three
|
||
<taxonomicName id="409C623B3C902F0BE4D17A96EE7DF1DF">
|
||
<emphasis id="51A2AAEDD68D96DC23D81FF5F9C43F23" italics="true">Subulina</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
examined did not cluster together. The meaning of variation in penis size in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BE5E8FB1902753A43EE3A75480B94B9" baseAuthorityName="Bruguiere" baseAuthorityYear="1789" class="Gastropoda" family="Achatinidae" genus="Subulina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="octona">
|
||
<emphasis id="B819A9CE3991BA3287AEE39CB82536E5" italics="true">Subulina octona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is also uncertain.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4EE4E4EB6413D4E227773F7BF991B23B" author="Wiegmann F" firstAuthor="Wiegmann" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Ergebnisse einer Reise in Niederländisch Ost-Indien" pagination="112-259" refId="B175" refString="Wiegmann F (1894) Beiträge zur Anatomie der Landschnecken des Indischen Archipels. Zoologische Ergebnisse einer Reise in Niederländisch Ost-Indien 3: 112–259." title="Beiträge zur Anatomie der Landschnecken des Indischen Archipels." volume="3" year="1894">Wiegmann (1894)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
ventured that the extreme reduction of the male distal genitalia was related to “ unisexuality ” or sequential hermaphroditism (... dass die betreffenden Thiere durch Verkümmerung des männlichen Theils der Genitalien eingeschlechtig geworden sind, oder aber dass die weibliche Geschlechtsreife der männlichen vorausgeht). Others, such as
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E2244140503DD7A0197C20C071FCF4C5" author="Baker HB" firstAuthor="Baker" refId="B4" refString="Baker HB (1927) The Mollusca collected by the University of Michigan-Williamson Expedition in Venezuela. Part V. Occasional Papers of the Museum of zoology – University of Michigan 182: 1–36 [, pls. 20–26]." year="1927">Baker (1927)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, supposed that the species was a sequential hermaphrodite, but whereas Wiegmann saw it as protogynous, Baker viewed it as protandrous.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="71025A7E0A770B360CE25205A93514E2" baseAuthorityName="Bruguiere" baseAuthorityYear="1789" class="Gastropoda" family="Achatinidae" genus="Subulina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="octona">
|
||
<emphasis id="E492BCFB3453E6BE5E4609EB8629B7C5" italics="true">Subulina octona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is actually a facultatively self-fertilising egg-retaining species showing no evidence of sequential hermaphroditism (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="456968960677F922EA71DF942C770497" DOI="10.1590/S0101-81751995000300025" author="Bessa and Araujo" firstAuthor="Bessa" issue="3" journalOrPublisher="Revista Brasileira de Zoologia" pagination="719-723" refId="B8" refString="Bessa ECA, Araújo JLB (1995) Ocorrência de autofecundação em Subulina octona (Brugüière) (Pulmonata, Subulinidae) em condições de laboratório. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 12 (3): 719–723. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81751995000300025" title="Ocorrência de autofecundação em Subulina octona (Brugüière) (Pulmonata, Subulinidae) em condições de laboratório." volume="12" year="1995">Bessa and Araújo 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2FC6EA517E8DEBE10CC3CCA5CFE9292E" DOI="10.1080/00222933.2018.1478996" author="D'Avila" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="D'Avila" issue="23-24" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Natural History" pagination="1551-1569" refId="B36" refString="D’Ávila S, Medeiros C, Vargas T, de Mendonça CLF (2018) Life history of Subulina octona (Brugüière) (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Subulinidae) based on four-year laboratory observations and a comparative histological analysis of egg-retaining and ovoviviparous subulinids. Journal of Natural History 52 (23–24): 1551–1569. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2018.1478996" title="Life history of Subulina octona (Brugüière) (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Subulinidae) based on four-year laboratory observations and a comparative histological analysis of egg-retaining and ovoviviparous subulinids." volume="52" year="2018">D’Ávila et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Thus the reduced penis may be related to loss of biparental reproduction as already supposed by Wiegmann. However this may be because
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CF4E96E6ECC2E55B7372F935A2969B7B" baseAuthorityName="Bruguiere" baseAuthorityYear="1789" class="Gastropoda" family="Achatinidae" genus="Subulina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="octona">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95105A28D4F198C7AF415CD8993C11D" italics="true">Subulina octona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a complex of species. More research is needed to address these questions.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EB26AF36FDD1640D3F6180205B2D4747">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="723E93955C908436DA8AE32E93A188E4" baseAuthorityName="Bruguiere" baseAuthorityYear="1789" class="Gastropoda" family="Achatinidae" genus="Subulina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="octona">
|
||
<emphasis id="F23432C5DD4534C4913BFA7ED456E2FB" italics="true">Subulina octona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is common in the tropical greenhouse of
|
||
<named-content id="9AAD5C04ABD952B6D96337012BF01029" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/museo-delle-scienze-0" xlink_title="Science Museum of Trentoe">
|
||
<collectionCode id="C761EA9A7F218B98D24A17C30801ED63" country="Italy" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35141" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35141" name="Museo delle Scienze" type="Museum">MUSE</collectionCode>
|
||
</named-content>
|
||
, and has been found in the Biodiversity Garden (Botanical Garden of Padua), where only
|
||
<specimenCount id="3A6155170F9BF490D80A79EF14889700" count="1" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
was collected. This is the first report from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="030DB8164B7D9907334A75A9494AC8E1" name="Italy">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |