707 lines
98 KiB
XML
707 lines
98 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1cbd52e0-cd9d-41a1-a77b-036a49e9cf81" ID-PMC="PMC8222197" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1043-147" ID-Pensoft-UUID="D839C1602FC95ADDA0C8EB4A7651C892" ID-PubMed="34177308" ID-ZooBank="E4AD2746040E4CD6ABCA5806FFA422CF" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1043-147" checkinTime="1623788852491" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Cho, Kyuhee, Park, Chailinn & Boettger-Schnack, Ruth" docDate="2021" docId="C353F0A5613C56FD8BC1164C838FCF7C" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1043: 147-191" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1043" docPubDate="2021-06-15" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438" docTitle="Spinoncaea tenuis Boettger-Schnack 2003" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="D839C1602FC95ADDA0C8EB4A7651C892" lastPageNumber="147" masterDocId="D839C1602FC95ADDA0C8EB4A7651C892" masterDocTitle="Taxonomy of three species of the genus Spinoncaea (Copepoda, Oncaeidae) in the North Pacific Ocean with focus on morphological variability" masterLastPageNumber="191" masterPageNumber="147" pageNumber="147" updateTime="1668150425032" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Taxonomy of three species of the genus Spinoncaea (Copepoda, Oncaeidae) in the North Pacific Ocean with focus on morphological variability</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Cho, Kyuhee</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Marine Ecosystem Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Busan, Republic of Korea</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">chokh@kiost.ac.kr</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Park, Chailinn</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Global Ocean Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Busan, Republic of Korea & Department of Ocean Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Boettger-Schnack, Ruth</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>GEOMAR Helmholtz-Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">dschnack@ifm-geomar.de</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2021-06-15</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>1043</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>147</mods:start>
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<mods:end>191</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1043-147</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">E4AD2746040E4CD6ABCA5806FFA422CF</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">D839C1602FC95ADDA0C8EB4A7651C892</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182751356" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C353F0A5613C56FD8BC1164C838FCF7C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C353F0A5613C56FD8BC1164C838FCF7C" lastPageNumber="147" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="147" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
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<taxonomicName LSID="C353F0A5-613C-56FD-8BC1-164C838FCF7C" authority="Boettger-Schnack, 2003" authorityName="Boettger-Schnack" authorityYear="2003" class="Hexanauplia" family="Oncaeidae" genus="Spinoncaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spinoncaea tenuis" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenuis">
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Spinoncaea tenuis
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Böttger-Schnack">Boettger-Schnack</normalizedToken>
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, 2003
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</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Spinoncaea tenuis Boettger-Schnack, 2003, female (northeastern equatorial Pacific) A habitus, dorsal (outer basal seta and exopodal seta of P 5 on right side damaged, caudal seta V on left side missing) B habitus, lateral C urosome, dorsal (outer basal seta and exopodal seta of P 5 on right side missing, caudal seta V on left side missing) D urosome, lateral, midventral spinous processes and ventrolateral lobe arrowed E urosome, ventral, midventral spinous processes and ventrolateral lobes arrowed (caudal setae IV and VI on left side omitted and seta V missing). Scale bars in μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/555765" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Figs 8</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Spinoncaea tenuis Boettger-Schnack, 2003, female (northeastern equatorial Pacific) A antennule B antenna C mandible D maxillule E maxilla, arrows indicating spinules F maxilliped, anterior G labrum, anterior, arrows indicating three marginal teeth H labrum, posterior. Scale bars in μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/555766" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">, 9</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Spinoncaea tenuis Boettger-Schnack, 2003, female (northeastern equatorial Pacific) A P 1, anterior B P 2, anterior C P 3, posterior D P 4, anterior, intercoxal sclerite not figured, seta on basis figured separately. Scale bars in μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/555767" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">, 10</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Spinoncaea tenuis Boettger-Schnack, 2003, male (northeastern equatorial Pacific) A habitus, dorsal (outer basal seta on left side of P 5 - bearing somite missing) B urosome, dorsal (P 5 and the outer seta of P 5 - bearing somite on left side missing, caudal seta V on both sides missing) C urosome, ventral, ventrolateral lobes on P 5 - bearing somite arrowed (P 5 and the outer seta of P 5 - bearing somite on left side missing, caudal seta V on both sides missing) D maxilliped, anterior E antennule F P 5 exopod and outer basal seta, lateral G Anal somite and caudal ramus of another specimen, ventral. seta IV on left side and seta V on right side omitted. Scale bars in μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/555768" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">, 11</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="147" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Boettger-Schnack" authorityYear="2003" class="Hexanauplia" family="Oncaeidae" genus="Spinoncaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spinoncaea tenuis" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenuis">Spinoncaea tenuis</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Böttger-Schnack">Boettger-Schnack</normalizedToken>
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, 2003: 215-225, figs 12-16 (Red Sea, Mediterranean, Arabian Sea, Pacific Ocean).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="147" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
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(1)
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2008-10-07" collectingDateMax="2019-03-19" collectingDateMin="2008-10-07" country="Korea" latitude="33.74736" location="Northeastern Pacific" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="128.26083" municipality="Northwestern Pacific" specimenCount="1">
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C353F0A5613C56FD8BC1164C838FCF7C:410FECE67685D4CBAF15FDFF0EF651DD" country="Korea" latitude="33.74736" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="128.26083" municipality="Northwestern Pacific" name="Northeastern Pacific">Northeastern Pacific</location>
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(a)
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<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="30" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="10.5">10°30'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="131" direction="west" minutes="20" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-131.33333">131°20'W</geoCoordinate>
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(EP-1),
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<collectingDate value="2009-08-21">21 August 2009</collectingDate>
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: One female (habitus of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. tenuis" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" rank="species" species="tenuis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">S. tenuis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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female in Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Spinoncaea tenuis Boettger-Schnack, 2003, female (northeastern equatorial Pacific) A habitus, dorsal (outer basal seta and exopodal seta of P 5 on right side damaged, caudal seta V on left side missing) B habitus, lateral C urosome, dorsal (outer basal seta and exopodal seta of P 5 on right side missing, caudal seta V on left side missing) D urosome, lateral, midventral spinous processes and ventrolateral lobe arrowed E urosome, ventral, midventral spinous processes and ventrolateral lobes arrowed (caudal setae IV and VI on left side omitted and seta V missing). Scale bars in μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/555765" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">8A, B</figureCitation>
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) and one male (habitus of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. tenuis" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" rank="species" species="tenuis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">S. tenuis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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male in Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Spinoncaea tenuis Boettger-Schnack, 2003, male (northeastern equatorial Pacific) A habitus, dorsal (outer basal seta on left side of P 5 - bearing somite missing) B urosome, dorsal (P 5 and the outer seta of P 5 - bearing somite on left side missing, caudal seta V on both sides missing) C urosome, ventral, ventrolateral lobes on P 5 - bearing somite arrowed (P 5 and the outer seta of P 5 - bearing somite on left side missing, caudal seta V on both sides missing) D maxilliped, anterior E antennule F P 5 exopod and outer basal seta, lateral G Anal somite and caudal ramus of another specimen, ventral. seta IV on left side and seta V on right side omitted. Scale bars in μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/555768" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">11A</figureCitation>
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) undissected on H-S slide, respectively. Five females and two males dissected on several slides, respectively. Three females dissected on H-S slide, respectively. Six dissected females (NIBRIV0000882784-882789) and one dissected male (NIBRIV0000882790) and one undissected female (NIBRIV0000882782) and one undissected male (NIBRIV0000882783) on respective H-S slide were deposited in the NIBR. (b)
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<geoCoordinate degrees="9" direction="north" minutes="52" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="1.38" value="9.86705">9°52'1.38"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="131" direction="west" minutes="45" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="38.28" value="-131.76064">131°45'38.28"W</geoCoordinate>
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(EP-2),
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<collectingDate value="2019-03-19">19 March 2019</collectingDate>
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. Two undissected females and two undissected males in alcohol vial (NIBRIV0000882791) were deposited in the NIBR. (2)
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<collectingMunicipality>Northwestern Pacific</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="13" direction="north" minutes="20" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="3.42" value="13.334283">13°20'3.42"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="144" direction="east" minutes="20" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="2.7" value="144.33408">144°20'2.7"E</geoCoordinate>
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(WP-2),
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<collectingDate value="2016-04-04">4 April 2016</collectingDate>
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. One undissected male in alcohol vial (NIBRIV0000882792) was deposited in the NIBR. (3)
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<collectingCountry name="South Korea">Korea</collectingCountry>
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Strait,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="33" direction="north" minutes="44" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="50.50" value="33.74736">33°44'50.50"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="128" direction="east" minutes="15" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="39.02" value="128.26083">128°15'39.02"E</geoCoordinate>
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(KS),
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<collectingDate value="2008-10-07">7 October 2008</collectingDate>
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: One female (NIBRIV0000882793) and one male (NIBRIV0000882794) dissected on H-S slide, respectively. All dissected specimens and one undissected female (in alcohol, NIBRIV0000882795) were deposited in the NIBR
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/555765" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" start="Figure 8" startId="F8">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Figure 8.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Boettger-Schnack" authorityYear="2003" class="Hexanauplia" family="Oncaeidae" genus="Spinoncaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spinoncaea tenuis" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenuis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Spinoncaea tenuis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Böttger-Schnack">Boettger-Schnack</normalizedToken>
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, 2003, female (northeastern equatorial Pacific)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">A</emphasis>
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habitus, dorsal (outer basal seta and exopodal seta of P5 on right side damaged, caudal seta V on left side missing)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">B</emphasis>
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habitus, lateral
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">C</emphasis>
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urosome, dorsal (outer basal seta and exopodal seta of P5 on right side missing, caudal seta V on left side missing)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">D</emphasis>
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urosome, lateral, midventral spinous processes and ventrolateral lobe arrowed
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">E</emphasis>
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urosome, ventral, midventral spinous processes and ventrolateral lobes arrowed (caudal setae IV and VI on left side omitted and seta V missing). Scale bars in
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="147" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
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Female (Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Spinoncaea tenuis Boettger-Schnack, 2003, female (northeastern equatorial Pacific) A habitus, dorsal (outer basal seta and exopodal seta of P 5 on right side damaged, caudal seta V on left side missing) B habitus, lateral C urosome, dorsal (outer basal seta and exopodal seta of P 5 on right side missing, caudal seta V on left side missing) D urosome, lateral, midventral spinous processes and ventrolateral lobe arrowed E urosome, ventral, midventral spinous processes and ventrolateral lobes arrowed (caudal setae IV and VI on left side omitted and seta V missing). Scale bars in μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/555765" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">8</figureCitation>
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-
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Spinoncaea tenuis Boettger-Schnack, 2003, female (northeastern equatorial Pacific) A P 1, anterior B P 2, anterior C P 3, posterior D P 4, anterior, intercoxal sclerite not figured, seta on basis figured separately. Scale bars in μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/555767" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">10</figureCitation>
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, Tables
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<tableCitation captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="T3" captionText="Table 3. Variation in morphometric traits for three species of Spinoncaea (both sexes, including form variants of female S. ivlevi) from three locations in the Pacific Ocean (WP = western equatorial Pacific; EP = eastern equatorial Pacific; KS = Korea Strait; n = number of specimens examined) Abbreviations: A 2 = antenna; AS = anal somite; CR = caudal ramus, for numbering of setae see Fig. 2 C; DES = distal endopod segment; DS = distal spine; G (D) S = genital (double-) somite; in = inner margin; out = outer margin; L = length; PGS = postgenital somites; Pro = prosome; Uro = urosome; W = width." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/B297CA274A18EE7ABF3696829E372662" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" tableUuid="B297CA274A18EE7ABF3696829E372662">3</tableCitation>
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,
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<tableCitation captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="T4" captionText="Table 4. Variation in proportional spine lengths on P 2 - P 4 for three species of Spinoncaea (both sexes, including form variants of female S. ivlevi) from three locations of the Pacific Ocean (WP = western equatorial Pacific; EP = eastern equatorial Pacific; KS = Korea Strait, n = number of specimens measured) Abbreviations: DS = distal spine; L = length; MS = middle spine; ODS = outer distal spine; OSDS = outer subdistal spine; PS = proximal spine; SP = spine; W = width." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C31DA3DB9644D3B1EF4CFC460518BFD1" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" tableUuid="C31DA3DB9644D3B1EF4CFC460518BFD1">4</tableCitation>
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).
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</emphasis>
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Body length in lateral view (telescoping of somites not considered) (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Spinoncaea tenuis Boettger-Schnack, 2003, female (northeastern equatorial Pacific) A habitus, dorsal (outer basal seta and exopodal seta of P 5 on right side damaged, caudal seta V on left side missing) B habitus, lateral C urosome, dorsal (outer basal seta and exopodal seta of P 5 on right side missing, caudal seta V on left side missing) D urosome, lateral, midventral spinous processes and ventrolateral lobe arrowed E urosome, ventral, midventral spinous processes and ventrolateral lobes arrowed (caudal setae IV and VI on left side omitted and seta V missing). Scale bars in μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/555765" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">8B</figureCitation>
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) 320-355
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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in Pacific specimens (Table
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<tableCitation captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="T3" captionText="Table 3. Variation in morphometric traits for three species of Spinoncaea (both sexes, including form variants of female S. ivlevi) from three locations in the Pacific Ocean (WP = western equatorial Pacific; EP = eastern equatorial Pacific; KS = Korea Strait; n = number of specimens examined) Abbreviations: A 2 = antenna; AS = anal somite; CR = caudal ramus, for numbering of setae see Fig. 2 C; DES = distal endopod segment; DS = distal spine; G (D) S = genital (double-) somite; in = inner margin; out = outer margin; L = length; PGS = postgenital somites; Pro = prosome; Uro = urosome; W = width." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/B297CA274A18EE7ABF3696829E372662" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" tableUuid="B297CA274A18EE7ABF3696829E372662">3</tableCitation>
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), somewhat larger than in the Red Sea (280-300
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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,
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00056.x" author="Boettger-Schnack, R" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" pagination="187 - 226" refId="B5" refString="Boettger-Schnack, R, 2003. Taxonomy of Oncaeidae (Copepoda, Poecilostomatoida) from the Red Sea. V. Three species of Spinoncaea gen. nov. (ivlevi -group), with notes on zoogeographical distribution. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 137 (2): 187 - 226, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00056.x" title="Taxonomy of Oncaeidae (Copepoda, Poecilostomatoida) from the Red Sea. V. Three species of Spinoncaea gen. nov. (ivlevi - group), with notes on zoogeographical distribution." url="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00056.x" volume="137" year="2003">
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||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Böttger-Schnack">Boettger-Schnack</normalizedToken>
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||
2003
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 215).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
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Prosome 1.7
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
length of urosome, excluding caudal rami, 1.5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
urosome length including caudal rami in specimens figured (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Spinoncaea tenuis Boettger-Schnack, 2003, female (northeastern equatorial Pacific) A habitus, dorsal (outer basal seta and exopodal seta of P 5 on right side damaged, caudal seta V on left side missing) B habitus, lateral C urosome, dorsal (outer basal seta and exopodal seta of P 5 on right side missing, caudal seta V on left side missing) D urosome, lateral, midventral spinous processes and ventrolateral lobe arrowed E urosome, ventral, midventral spinous processes and ventrolateral lobes arrowed (caudal setae IV and VI on left side omitted and seta V missing). Scale bars in μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/555765" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">8B</figureCitation>
|
||
), calculated by not correcting for the telescoping of somites. Variation of prosome to urosome length (including CR) 1.3-1.7 in Pacific specimens (Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="T3" captionText="Table 3. Variation in morphometric traits for three species of Spinoncaea (both sexes, including form variants of female S. ivlevi) from three locations in the Pacific Ocean (WP = western equatorial Pacific; EP = eastern equatorial Pacific; KS = Korea Strait; n = number of specimens examined) Abbreviations: A 2 = antenna; AS = anal somite; CR = caudal ramus, for numbering of setae see Fig. 2 C; DES = distal endopod segment; DS = distal spine; G (D) S = genital (double-) somite; in = inner margin; out = outer margin; L = length; PGS = postgenital somites; Pro = prosome; Uro = urosome; W = width." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/B297CA274A18EE7ABF3696829E372662" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" tableUuid="B297CA274A18EE7ABF3696829E372662">3</tableCitation>
|
||
), single value from Korea Strait smallest. The respective values provided for Red Sea specimens (1.5 incl. CR;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00056.x" author="Boettger-Schnack, R" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" pagination="187 - 226" refId="B5" refString="Boettger-Schnack, R, 2003. Taxonomy of Oncaeidae (Copepoda, Poecilostomatoida) from the Red Sea. V. Three species of Spinoncaea gen. nov. (ivlevi -group), with notes on zoogeographical distribution. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 137 (2): 187 - 226, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00056.x" title="Taxonomy of Oncaeidae (Copepoda, Poecilostomatoida) from the Red Sea. V. Three species of Spinoncaea gen. nov. (ivlevi - group), with notes on zoogeographical distribution." url="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00056.x" volume="137" year="2003">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Böttger-Schnack">Boettger-Schnack</normalizedToken>
|
||
2003
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 12A, calculated by not correcting for telescoping of somites) are within the range of values from the Pacific.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
|
||
P5-bearing somite with paired midventral spinous processes variable in number (two or three processes) and one pair of ventrolateral lobate processes (arrowed in Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Spinoncaea tenuis Boettger-Schnack, 2003, female (northeastern equatorial Pacific) A habitus, dorsal (outer basal seta and exopodal seta of P 5 on right side damaged, caudal seta V on left side missing) B habitus, lateral C urosome, dorsal (outer basal seta and exopodal seta of P 5 on right side missing, caudal seta V on left side missing) D urosome, lateral, midventral spinous processes and ventrolateral lobe arrowed E urosome, ventral, midventral spinous processes and ventrolateral lobes arrowed (caudal setae IV and VI on left side omitted and seta V missing). Scale bars in μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/555765" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">8D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Variation in number of midventral spinous processes was not mentioned for Red Sea specimens and ventrolateral lobes were not described, but are vaguely discernible from
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00056.x" author="Boettger-Schnack, R" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" pagination="187 - 226" refId="B5" refString="Boettger-Schnack, R, 2003. Taxonomy of Oncaeidae (Copepoda, Poecilostomatoida) from the Red Sea. V. Three species of Spinoncaea gen. nov. (ivlevi -group), with notes on zoogeographical distribution. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 137 (2): 187 - 226, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00056.x" title="Taxonomy of Oncaeidae (Copepoda, Poecilostomatoida) from the Red Sea. V. Three species of Spinoncaea gen. nov. (ivlevi - group), with notes on zoogeographical distribution." url="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00056.x" volume="137" year="2003">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Böttger-Schnack">Boettger-Schnack</normalizedToken>
|
||
(2003
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 12I).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
|
||
Genital double-somite (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Spinoncaea tenuis Boettger-Schnack, 2003, female (northeastern equatorial Pacific) A habitus, dorsal (outer basal seta and exopodal seta of P 5 on right side damaged, caudal seta V on left side missing) B habitus, lateral C urosome, dorsal (outer basal seta and exopodal seta of P 5 on right side missing, caudal seta V on left side missing) D urosome, lateral, midventral spinous processes and ventrolateral lobe arrowed E urosome, ventral, midventral spinous processes and ventrolateral lobes arrowed (caudal setae IV and VI on left side omitted and seta V missing). Scale bars in μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/555765" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">8C, D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
) 2.1
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as maximum width in specimen figured (measured in dorsal aspect) and ~ 2.1
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as postgenital somites combined; variation in length to width ratio 1.8-2.3 in Pacific specimens (Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="T3" captionText="Table 3. Variation in morphometric traits for three species of Spinoncaea (both sexes, including form variants of female S. ivlevi) from three locations in the Pacific Ocean (WP = western equatorial Pacific; EP = eastern equatorial Pacific; KS = Korea Strait; n = number of specimens examined) Abbreviations: A 2 = antenna; AS = anal somite; CR = caudal ramus, for numbering of setae see Fig. 2 C; DES = distal endopod segment; DS = distal spine; G (D) S = genital (double-) somite; in = inner margin; out = outer margin; L = length; PGS = postgenital somites; Pro = prosome; Uro = urosome; W = width." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/B297CA274A18EE7ABF3696829E372662" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" tableUuid="B297CA274A18EE7ABF3696829E372662">3</tableCitation>
|
||
), respective values from Red Sea fall within this range. Largest width measured at 2/5 the distance between anterior and posterior margin, similar to Red Sea specimens, where it is "about halfway". Ventral surface with few rows of minute spinules in some specimens (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Spinoncaea tenuis Boettger-Schnack, 2003, female (northeastern equatorial Pacific) A habitus, dorsal (outer basal seta and exopodal seta of P 5 on right side damaged, caudal seta V on left side missing) B habitus, lateral C urosome, dorsal (outer basal seta and exopodal seta of P 5 on right side missing, caudal seta V on left side missing) D urosome, lateral, midventral spinous processes and ventrolateral lobe arrowed E urosome, ventral, midventral spinous processes and ventrolateral lobes arrowed (caudal setae IV and VI on left side omitted and seta V missing). Scale bars in μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/555765" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">8E</figureCitation>
|
||
), difficult to discern; this ornamentation was not mentioned for Red Sea specimens. Paired genital apertures located dorsally at about same position as in Red Sea specimens, armature difficult to discern. Weakly pronounced undulate hyaline frill on posterior margin of genital double-somite and postgenital somites and pore pattern as figured (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Spinoncaea tenuis Boettger-Schnack, 2003, female (northeastern equatorial Pacific) A habitus, dorsal (outer basal seta and exopodal seta of P 5 on right side damaged, caudal seta V on left side missing) B habitus, lateral C urosome, dorsal (outer basal seta and exopodal seta of P 5 on right side missing, caudal seta V on left side missing) D urosome, lateral, midventral spinous processes and ventrolateral lobe arrowed E urosome, ventral, midventral spinous processes and ventrolateral lobes arrowed (caudal setae IV and VI on left side omitted and seta V missing). Scale bars in μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/555765" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">8D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
|
||
Anal somite (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Spinoncaea tenuis Boettger-Schnack, 2003, female (northeastern equatorial Pacific) A habitus, dorsal (outer basal seta and exopodal seta of P 5 on right side damaged, caudal seta V on left side missing) B habitus, lateral C urosome, dorsal (outer basal seta and exopodal seta of P 5 on right side missing, caudal seta V on left side missing) D urosome, lateral, midventral spinous processes and ventrolateral lobe arrowed E urosome, ventral, midventral spinous processes and ventrolateral lobes arrowed (caudal setae IV and VI on left side omitted and seta V missing). Scale bars in μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/555765" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">8C</figureCitation>
|
||
) length to width ratio ranging between 1.1-1.3 (Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="T3" captionText="Table 3. Variation in morphometric traits for three species of Spinoncaea (both sexes, including form variants of female S. ivlevi) from three locations in the Pacific Ocean (WP = western equatorial Pacific; EP = eastern equatorial Pacific; KS = Korea Strait; n = number of specimens examined) Abbreviations: A 2 = antenna; AS = anal somite; CR = caudal ramus, for numbering of setae see Fig. 2 C; DES = distal endopod segment; DS = distal spine; G (D) S = genital (double-) somite; in = inner margin; out = outer margin; L = length; PGS = postgenital somites; Pro = prosome; Uro = urosome; W = width." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/B297CA274A18EE7ABF3696829E372662" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" tableUuid="B297CA274A18EE7ABF3696829E372662">3</tableCitation>
|
||
), ornamentation as figured (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Spinoncaea tenuis Boettger-Schnack, 2003, female (northeastern equatorial Pacific) A habitus, dorsal (outer basal seta and exopodal seta of P 5 on right side damaged, caudal seta V on left side missing) B habitus, lateral C urosome, dorsal (outer basal seta and exopodal seta of P 5 on right side missing, caudal seta V on left side missing) D urosome, lateral, midventral spinous processes and ventrolateral lobe arrowed E urosome, ventral, midventral spinous processes and ventrolateral lobes arrowed (caudal setae IV and VI on left side omitted and seta V missing). Scale bars in μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/555765" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">8C, D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
|
||
Caudal ramus (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Spinoncaea tenuis Boettger-Schnack, 2003, female (northeastern equatorial Pacific) A habitus, dorsal (outer basal seta and exopodal seta of P 5 on right side damaged, caudal seta V on left side missing) B habitus, lateral C urosome, dorsal (outer basal seta and exopodal seta of P 5 on right side missing, caudal seta V on left side missing) D urosome, lateral, midventral spinous processes and ventrolateral lobe arrowed E urosome, ventral, midventral spinous processes and ventrolateral lobes arrowed (caudal setae IV and VI on left side omitted and seta V missing). Scale bars in μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/555765" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">8A, C</figureCitation>
|
||
) length to width ratio 1.8-2.5 measured along inner margin and 2.3-3.0 measured along outer margin (Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="T3" captionText="Table 3. Variation in morphometric traits for three species of Spinoncaea (both sexes, including form variants of female S. ivlevi) from three locations in the Pacific Ocean (WP = western equatorial Pacific; EP = eastern equatorial Pacific; KS = Korea Strait; n = number of specimens examined) Abbreviations: A 2 = antenna; AS = anal somite; CR = caudal ramus, for numbering of setae see Fig. 2 C; DES = distal endopod segment; DS = distal spine; G (D) S = genital (double-) somite; in = inner margin; out = outer margin; L = length; PGS = postgenital somites; Pro = prosome; Uro = urosome; W = width." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/B297CA274A18EE7ABF3696829E372662" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" tableUuid="B297CA274A18EE7ABF3696829E372662">3</tableCitation>
|
||
). Caudal seta III ornamented with few minute spinules along medial margin (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Spinoncaea tenuis Boettger-Schnack, 2003, female (northeastern equatorial Pacific) A habitus, dorsal (outer basal seta and exopodal seta of P 5 on right side damaged, caudal seta V on left side missing) B habitus, lateral C urosome, dorsal (outer basal seta and exopodal seta of P 5 on right side missing, caudal seta V on left side missing) D urosome, lateral, midventral spinous processes and ventrolateral lobe arrowed E urosome, ventral, midventral spinous processes and ventrolateral lobes arrowed (caudal setae IV and VI on left side omitted and seta V missing). Scale bars in μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/555765" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">8C</figureCitation>
|
||
), not observed in Red Sea specimens. Length ratio between seta IV and III 1.4-2.3 (Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="T3" captionText="Table 3. Variation in morphometric traits for three species of Spinoncaea (both sexes, including form variants of female S. ivlevi) from three locations in the Pacific Ocean (WP = western equatorial Pacific; EP = eastern equatorial Pacific; KS = Korea Strait; n = number of specimens examined) Abbreviations: A 2 = antenna; AS = anal somite; CR = caudal ramus, for numbering of setae see Fig. 2 C; DES = distal endopod segment; DS = distal spine; G (D) S = genital (double-) somite; in = inner margin; out = outer margin; L = length; PGS = postgenital somites; Pro = prosome; Uro = urosome; W = width." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/B297CA274A18EE7ABF3696829E372662" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" tableUuid="B297CA274A18EE7ABF3696829E372662">3</tableCitation>
|
||
), seta IV unipinnate, not bipinnate as in Red Sea specimens (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00056.x" author="Boettger-Schnack, R" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" pagination="187 - 226" refId="B5" refString="Boettger-Schnack, R, 2003. Taxonomy of Oncaeidae (Copepoda, Poecilostomatoida) from the Red Sea. V. Three species of Spinoncaea gen. nov. (ivlevi -group), with notes on zoogeographical distribution. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 137 (2): 187 - 226, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00056.x" title="Taxonomy of Oncaeidae (Copepoda, Poecilostomatoida) from the Red Sea. V. Three species of Spinoncaea gen. nov. (ivlevi - group), with notes on zoogeographical distribution." url="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00056.x" volume="137" year="2003">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Böttger-Schnack">Boettger-Schnack</normalizedToken>
|
||
2003
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 12C).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
|
||
Antennule 6-segmented (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Spinoncaea tenuis Boettger-Schnack, 2003, female (northeastern equatorial Pacific) A antennule B antenna C mandible D maxillule E maxilla, arrows indicating spinules F maxilliped, anterior G labrum, anterior, arrows indicating three marginal teeth H labrum, posterior. Scale bars in μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/555766" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">9A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Armature formula and ornamentation as for
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. ivlevi" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" rank="species" species="ivlevi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">S. ivlevi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/555766" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" start="Figure 9" startId="F9">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Figure 9.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boettger-Schnack" authorityYear="2003" class="Hexanauplia" family="Oncaeidae" genus="Spinoncaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spinoncaea tenuis" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenuis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Spinoncaea tenuis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Böttger-Schnack">Boettger-Schnack</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 2003, female (northeastern equatorial Pacific)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">A</emphasis>
|
||
antennule
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">B</emphasis>
|
||
antenna
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">C</emphasis>
|
||
mandible
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">D</emphasis>
|
||
maxillule
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">E</emphasis>
|
||
maxilla, arrows indicating spinules
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">F</emphasis>
|
||
maxilliped, anterior
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">G</emphasis>
|
||
labrum, anterior, arrows indicating three marginal teeth
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">H</emphasis>
|
||
labrum, posterior. Scale bars in
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
|
||
Antenna 3-segmented, armature and ornamentation as figured (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Spinoncaea tenuis Boettger-Schnack, 2003, female (northeastern equatorial Pacific) A antennule B antenna C mandible D maxillule E maxilla, arrows indicating spinules F maxilliped, anterior G labrum, anterior, arrows indicating three marginal teeth H labrum, posterior. Scale bars in μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/555766" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">9B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Distal endopod segment with length to width ratio 3.3-4.1 in Pacific specimens (Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="T3" captionText="Table 3. Variation in morphometric traits for three species of Spinoncaea (both sexes, including form variants of female S. ivlevi) from three locations in the Pacific Ocean (WP = western equatorial Pacific; EP = eastern equatorial Pacific; KS = Korea Strait; n = number of specimens examined) Abbreviations: A 2 = antenna; AS = anal somite; CR = caudal ramus, for numbering of setae see Fig. 2 C; DES = distal endopod segment; DS = distal spine; G (D) S = genital (double-) somite; in = inner margin; out = outer margin; L = length; PGS = postgenital somites; Pro = prosome; Uro = urosome; W = width." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/B297CA274A18EE7ABF3696829E372662" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" tableUuid="B297CA274A18EE7ABF3696829E372662">3</tableCitation>
|
||
), seta II longer than seta I (as illustrated for Red Sea specimens,
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00056.x" author="Boettger-Schnack, R" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" pagination="187 - 226" refId="B5" refString="Boettger-Schnack, R, 2003. Taxonomy of Oncaeidae (Copepoda, Poecilostomatoida) from the Red Sea. V. Three species of Spinoncaea gen. nov. (ivlevi -group), with notes on zoogeographical distribution. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 137 (2): 187 - 226, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00056.x" title="Taxonomy of Oncaeidae (Copepoda, Poecilostomatoida) from the Red Sea. V. Three species of Spinoncaea gen. nov. (ivlevi - group), with notes on zoogeographical distribution." url="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00056.x" volume="137" year="2003">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Böttger-Schnack">Boettger-Schnack</normalizedToken>
|
||
2003
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 13A, but erroneously described as being "shorter than seta I" in text on p. 217).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
|
||
Labrum with ornamentation as figured (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Spinoncaea tenuis Boettger-Schnack, 2003, female (northeastern equatorial Pacific) A antennule B antenna C mandible D maxillule E maxilla, arrows indicating spinules F maxilliped, anterior G labrum, anterior, arrows indicating three marginal teeth H labrum, posterior. Scale bars in μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/555766" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">9G, H</figureCitation>
|
||
). including difference to
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. ivlevi" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" rank="species" species="ivlevi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">S. ivlevi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in (1) size of three marginal teeth along distal (ventral) margin on each lobe (arrowed in Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Spinoncaea tenuis Boettger-Schnack, 2003, female (northeastern equatorial Pacific) A antennule B antenna C mandible D maxillule E maxilla, arrows indicating spinules F maxilliped, anterior G labrum, anterior, arrows indicating three marginal teeth H labrum, posterior. Scale bars in μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/555766" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">9G</figureCitation>
|
||
) being somewhat smaller than in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. ivlevi" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" rank="species" species="ivlevi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">S. ivlevi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and (2) presence of two paired rows of long setules on anterior surface (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Spinoncaea tenuis Boettger-Schnack, 2003, female (northeastern equatorial Pacific) A antennule B antenna C mandible D maxillule E maxilla, arrows indicating spinules F maxilliped, anterior G labrum, anterior, arrows indicating three marginal teeth H labrum, posterior. Scale bars in μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/555766" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">9G</figureCitation>
|
||
), not only a single paired row as in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. ivlevi" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" rank="species" species="ivlevi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">S. ivlevi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
|
||
Mandible with armature and ornamentation as figured. (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Spinoncaea tenuis Boettger-Schnack, 2003, female (northeastern equatorial Pacific) A antennule B antenna C mandible D maxillule E maxilla, arrows indicating spinules F maxilliped, anterior G labrum, anterior, arrows indicating three marginal teeth H labrum, posterior. Scale bars in μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/555766" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">9C</figureCitation>
|
||
), small element D on gnathobase absent, as typical for
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. tenuis" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" rank="species" species="tenuis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">S. tenuis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(cf.
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00056.x" author="Boettger-Schnack, R" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" pagination="187 - 226" refId="B5" refString="Boettger-Schnack, R, 2003. Taxonomy of Oncaeidae (Copepoda, Poecilostomatoida) from the Red Sea. V. Three species of Spinoncaea gen. nov. (ivlevi -group), with notes on zoogeographical distribution. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 137 (2): 187 - 226, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00056.x" title="Taxonomy of Oncaeidae (Copepoda, Poecilostomatoida) from the Red Sea. V. Three species of Spinoncaea gen. nov. (ivlevi - group), with notes on zoogeographical distribution." url="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00056.x" volume="137" year="2003">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Böttger-Schnack">Boettger-Schnack</normalizedToken>
|
||
2003
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 218, fig. 13D).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
|
||
Maxillule (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Spinoncaea tenuis Boettger-Schnack, 2003, female (northeastern equatorial Pacific) A antennule B antenna C mandible D maxillule E maxilla, arrows indicating spinules F maxilliped, anterior G labrum, anterior, arrows indicating three marginal teeth H labrum, posterior. Scale bars in μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/555766" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">9D</figureCitation>
|
||
) similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. ivlevi" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" rank="species" species="ivlevi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">S. ivlevi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, except for middle element on inner lobe naked.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
|
||
Maxilla (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Spinoncaea tenuis Boettger-Schnack, 2003, female (northeastern equatorial Pacific) A antennule B antenna C mandible D maxillule E maxilla, arrows indicating spinules F maxilliped, anterior G labrum, anterior, arrows indicating three marginal teeth H labrum, posterior. Scale bars in μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/555766" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">9E</figureCitation>
|
||
) with additional ornamentation on surface of syncoxa (arrowed in Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Spinoncaea tenuis Boettger-Schnack, 2003, female (northeastern equatorial Pacific) A antennule B antenna C mandible D maxillule E maxilla, arrows indicating spinules F maxilliped, anterior G labrum, anterior, arrows indicating three marginal teeth H labrum, posterior. Scale bars in μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/555766" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">9E</figureCitation>
|
||
), not reported earlier for Red Sea specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
|
||
Maxilliped as figured (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Spinoncaea tenuis Boettger-Schnack, 2003, female (northeastern equatorial Pacific) A antennule B antenna C mandible D maxillule E maxilla, arrows indicating spinules F maxilliped, anterior G labrum, anterior, arrows indicating three marginal teeth H labrum, posterior. Scale bars in μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/555766" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">9F</figureCitation>
|
||
), surface of syncoxa ornamented with few spinules (arrowed in Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Spinoncaea tenuis Boettger-Schnack, 2003, female (northeastern equatorial Pacific) A antennule B antenna C mandible D maxillule E maxilla, arrows indicating spinules F maxilliped, anterior G labrum, anterior, arrows indicating three marginal teeth H labrum, posterior. Scale bars in μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/555766" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">9F</figureCitation>
|
||
), which was not recorded for Red Sea specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
|
||
Swimming legs 1-4 (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Spinoncaea tenuis Boettger-Schnack, 2003, female (northeastern equatorial Pacific) A P 1, anterior B P 2, anterior C P 3, posterior D P 4, anterior, intercoxal sclerite not figured, seta on basis figured separately. Scale bars in μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/555767" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">10A-D</figureCitation>
|
||
), with armature as in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. ivlevi" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" rank="species" species="ivlevi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">S. ivlevi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Swimming legs armature formula. Roman numerals indicate spines, Arabic numerals represent setae. Differences in spine count are marked in bold. (a) S. ivlevi and S. tenuis, (b) S. humesi." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/140228EAFF62F015C052DE3991C57686" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" tableUuid="140228EAFF62F015C052DE3991C57686">2</tableCitation>
|
||
). Intercoxal sclerites of P1 ornamented with paired long, fine setules (but only one paired setule shown in Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Spinoncaea tenuis Boettger-Schnack, 2003, female (northeastern equatorial Pacific) A P 1, anterior B P 2, anterior C P 3, posterior D P 4, anterior, intercoxal sclerite not figured, seta on basis figured separately. Scale bars in μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/555767" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">10A</figureCitation>
|
||
), which are difficult to discern. Ornamentation on inner portion of basis in P1-P3 as figured (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Spinoncaea tenuis Boettger-Schnack, 2003, female (northeastern equatorial Pacific) A P 1, anterior B P 2, anterior C P 3, posterior D P 4, anterior, intercoxal sclerite not figured, seta on basis figured separately. Scale bars in μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/555767" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">10A-C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/555767" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" start="Figure 10" startId="F10">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Figure 10.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boettger-Schnack" authorityYear="2003" class="Hexanauplia" family="Oncaeidae" genus="Spinoncaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spinoncaea tenuis" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenuis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Spinoncaea tenuis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Böttger-Schnack">Boettger-Schnack</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 2003, female (northeastern equatorial Pacific)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">A</emphasis>
|
||
P1, anterior
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">B</emphasis>
|
||
P2, anterior
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">C</emphasis>
|
||
P3, posterior
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">D</emphasis>
|
||
P4, anterior, intercoxal sclerite not figured, seta on basis figured separately. Scale bars in
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
|
||
Exopods with variability of proportional spine lengths given in Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="T4" captionText="Table 4. Variation in proportional spine lengths on P 2 - P 4 for three species of Spinoncaea (both sexes, including form variants of female S. ivlevi) from three locations of the Pacific Ocean (WP = western equatorial Pacific; EP = eastern equatorial Pacific; KS = Korea Strait, n = number of specimens measured) Abbreviations: DS = distal spine; L = length; MS = middle spine; ODS = outer distal spine; OSDS = outer subdistal spine; PS = proximal spine; SP = spine; W = width." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C31DA3DB9644D3B1EF4CFC460518BFD1" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" tableUuid="C31DA3DB9644D3B1EF4CFC460518BFD1">4</tableCitation>
|
||
, respective values from the Red Sea fall within this range (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00056.x" author="Boettger-Schnack, R" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" pagination="187 - 226" refId="B5" refString="Boettger-Schnack, R, 2003. Taxonomy of Oncaeidae (Copepoda, Poecilostomatoida) from the Red Sea. V. Three species of Spinoncaea gen. nov. (ivlevi -group), with notes on zoogeographical distribution. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 137 (2): 187 - 226, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00056.x" title="Taxonomy of Oncaeidae (Copepoda, Poecilostomatoida) from the Red Sea. V. Three species of Spinoncaea gen. nov. (ivlevi - group), with notes on zoogeographical distribution." url="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00056.x" volume="137" year="2003">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Böttger-Schnack">Boettger-Schnack</normalizedToken>
|
||
2003
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 14A-D), except for the proportional lengths of outer spines on P3, which are larger in Pacific specimens than in the Red Sea specimens. Distal spine slightly longer than (P1) or almost equal in length (P2-P4) to distal exopod segment, similar to Red Sea specimens (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00056.x" author="Boettger-Schnack, R" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" pagination="187 - 226" refId="B5" refString="Boettger-Schnack, R, 2003. Taxonomy of Oncaeidae (Copepoda, Poecilostomatoida) from the Red Sea. V. Three species of Spinoncaea gen. nov. (ivlevi -group), with notes on zoogeographical distribution. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 137 (2): 187 - 226, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00056.x" title="Taxonomy of Oncaeidae (Copepoda, Poecilostomatoida) from the Red Sea. V. Three species of Spinoncaea gen. nov. (ivlevi - group), with notes on zoogeographical distribution." url="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00056.x" volume="137" year="2003">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Böttger-Schnack">Boettger-Schnack</normalizedToken>
|
||
2003
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 14A-D).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
|
||
Endopods. Length ranges of outer subdistal spine and outer distal spine relative to distal spine on P2-P4enp-3 as given in Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="T4" captionText="Table 4. Variation in proportional spine lengths on P 2 - P 4 for three species of Spinoncaea (both sexes, including form variants of female S. ivlevi) from three locations of the Pacific Ocean (WP = western equatorial Pacific; EP = eastern equatorial Pacific; KS = Korea Strait, n = number of specimens measured) Abbreviations: DS = distal spine; L = length; MS = middle spine; ODS = outer distal spine; OSDS = outer subdistal spine; PS = proximal spine; SP = spine; W = width." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C31DA3DB9644D3B1EF4CFC460518BFD1" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" tableUuid="C31DA3DB9644D3B1EF4CFC460518BFD1">4</tableCitation>
|
||
generally similar to Red Sea specimens (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00056.x" author="Boettger-Schnack, R" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" pagination="187 - 226" refId="B5" refString="Boettger-Schnack, R, 2003. Taxonomy of Oncaeidae (Copepoda, Poecilostomatoida) from the Red Sea. V. Three species of Spinoncaea gen. nov. (ivlevi -group), with notes on zoogeographical distribution. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 137 (2): 187 - 226, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00056.x" title="Taxonomy of Oncaeidae (Copepoda, Poecilostomatoida) from the Red Sea. V. Three species of Spinoncaea gen. nov. (ivlevi - group), with notes on zoogeographical distribution." url="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00056.x" volume="137" year="2003">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Böttger-Schnack">Boettger-Schnack</normalizedToken>
|
||
2003
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 14A-D).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
|
||
P5 (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Spinoncaea tenuis Boettger-Schnack, 2003, female (northeastern equatorial Pacific) A habitus, dorsal (outer basal seta and exopodal seta of P 5 on right side damaged, caudal seta V on left side missing) B habitus, lateral C urosome, dorsal (outer basal seta and exopodal seta of P 5 on right side missing, caudal seta V on left side missing) D urosome, lateral, midventral spinous processes and ventrolateral lobe arrowed E urosome, ventral, midventral spinous processes and ventrolateral lobes arrowed (caudal setae IV and VI on left side omitted and seta V missing). Scale bars in μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/555765" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">8C, D, F</figureCitation>
|
||
) exopod 1.7
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
longer than wide, armature and ornamentation as figured.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
|
||
P6 (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Spinoncaea tenuis Boettger-Schnack, 2003, female (northeastern equatorial Pacific) A habitus, dorsal (outer basal seta and exopodal seta of P 5 on right side damaged, caudal seta V on left side missing) B habitus, lateral C urosome, dorsal (outer basal seta and exopodal seta of P 5 on right side missing, caudal seta V on left side missing) D urosome, lateral, midventral spinous processes and ventrolateral lobe arrowed E urosome, ventral, midventral spinous processes and ventrolateral lobes arrowed (caudal setae IV and VI on left side omitted and seta V missing). Scale bars in μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/555765" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">8C</figureCitation>
|
||
) as figured, possibly armed with a short spinule, which is difficult to discern.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
|
||
Male (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Spinoncaea tenuis Boettger-Schnack, 2003, male (northeastern equatorial Pacific) A habitus, dorsal (outer basal seta on left side of P 5 - bearing somite missing) B urosome, dorsal (P 5 and the outer seta of P 5 - bearing somite on left side missing, caudal seta V on both sides missing) C urosome, ventral, ventrolateral lobes on P 5 - bearing somite arrowed (P 5 and the outer seta of P 5 - bearing somite on left side missing, caudal seta V on both sides missing) D maxilliped, anterior E antennule F P 5 exopod and outer basal seta, lateral G Anal somite and caudal ramus of another specimen, ventral. seta IV on left side and seta V on right side omitted. Scale bars in μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/555768" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">11</figureCitation>
|
||
, Tables
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="T3" captionText="Table 3. Variation in morphometric traits for three species of Spinoncaea (both sexes, including form variants of female S. ivlevi) from three locations in the Pacific Ocean (WP = western equatorial Pacific; EP = eastern equatorial Pacific; KS = Korea Strait; n = number of specimens examined) Abbreviations: A 2 = antenna; AS = anal somite; CR = caudal ramus, for numbering of setae see Fig. 2 C; DES = distal endopod segment; DS = distal spine; G (D) S = genital (double-) somite; in = inner margin; out = outer margin; L = length; PGS = postgenital somites; Pro = prosome; Uro = urosome; W = width." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/B297CA274A18EE7ABF3696829E372662" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" tableUuid="B297CA274A18EE7ABF3696829E372662">3</tableCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="T4" captionText="Table 4. Variation in proportional spine lengths on P 2 - P 4 for three species of Spinoncaea (both sexes, including form variants of female S. ivlevi) from three locations of the Pacific Ocean (WP = western equatorial Pacific; EP = eastern equatorial Pacific; KS = Korea Strait, n = number of specimens measured) Abbreviations: DS = distal spine; L = length; MS = middle spine; ODS = outer distal spine; OSDS = outer subdistal spine; PS = proximal spine; SP = spine; W = width." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C31DA3DB9644D3B1EF4CFC460518BFD1" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" tableUuid="C31DA3DB9644D3B1EF4CFC460518BFD1">4</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Body length 292-325
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="T3" captionText="Table 3. Variation in morphometric traits for three species of Spinoncaea (both sexes, including form variants of female S. ivlevi) from three locations in the Pacific Ocean (WP = western equatorial Pacific; EP = eastern equatorial Pacific; KS = Korea Strait; n = number of specimens examined) Abbreviations: A 2 = antenna; AS = anal somite; CR = caudal ramus, for numbering of setae see Fig. 2 C; DES = distal endopod segment; DS = distal spine; G (D) S = genital (double-) somite; in = inner margin; out = outer margin; L = length; PGS = postgenital somites; Pro = prosome; Uro = urosome; W = width." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/B297CA274A18EE7ABF3696829E372662" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" tableUuid="B297CA274A18EE7ABF3696829E372662">3</tableCitation>
|
||
). Sexual dimorphism in antennule, maxilliped, P6, and in genital segmentation, slight modification in setal length of P5. Pore pattern on prosome not discerned.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
|
||
P5-bearing somite with paired row midventral spinous processes variable in number as in female and one pair of ventrolateral lobate processes (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Spinoncaea tenuis Boettger-Schnack, 2003, male (northeastern equatorial Pacific) A habitus, dorsal (outer basal seta on left side of P 5 - bearing somite missing) B urosome, dorsal (P 5 and the outer seta of P 5 - bearing somite on left side missing, caudal seta V on both sides missing) C urosome, ventral, ventrolateral lobes on P 5 - bearing somite arrowed (P 5 and the outer seta of P 5 - bearing somite on left side missing, caudal seta V on both sides missing) D maxilliped, anterior E antennule F P 5 exopod and outer basal seta, lateral G Anal somite and caudal ramus of another specimen, ventral. seta IV on left side and seta V on right side omitted. Scale bars in μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/555768" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">11C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/555768" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" start="Figure 11" startId="F11">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Figure 11.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boettger-Schnack" authorityYear="2003" class="Hexanauplia" family="Oncaeidae" genus="Spinoncaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spinoncaea tenuis" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenuis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Spinoncaea tenuis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Böttger-Schnack">Boettger-Schnack</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 2003, male (northeastern equatorial Pacific)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">A</emphasis>
|
||
habitus, dorsal (outer basal seta on left side of P5-bearing somite missing)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">B</emphasis>
|
||
urosome, dorsal (P5 and the outer seta of P5-bearing somite on left side missing, caudal seta V on both sides missing)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">C</emphasis>
|
||
urosome, ventral, ventrolateral lobes on P5-bearing somite arrowed (P5 and the outer seta of P5-bearing somite on left side missing, caudal seta V on both sides missing)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">D</emphasis>
|
||
maxilliped, anterior
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">E</emphasis>
|
||
antennule
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">F</emphasis>
|
||
P5 exopod and outer basal seta, lateral
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">G</emphasis>
|
||
Anal somite and caudal ramus of another specimen, ventral. seta IV on left side and seta V on right side omitted. Scale bars in
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
|
||
Caudal rami (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Spinoncaea tenuis Boettger-Schnack, 2003, male (northeastern equatorial Pacific) A habitus, dorsal (outer basal seta on left side of P 5 - bearing somite missing) B urosome, dorsal (P 5 and the outer seta of P 5 - bearing somite on left side missing, caudal seta V on both sides missing) C urosome, ventral, ventrolateral lobes on P 5 - bearing somite arrowed (P 5 and the outer seta of P 5 - bearing somite on left side missing, caudal seta V on both sides missing) D maxilliped, anterior E antennule F P 5 exopod and outer basal seta, lateral G Anal somite and caudal ramus of another specimen, ventral. seta IV on left side and seta V on right side omitted. Scale bars in μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/555768" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">11A, B, C, G</figureCitation>
|
||
) with length to width ratio 1.9-2.4 measured along inner margin and 2.2-2.8 measured along outer margin (Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="T3" captionText="Table 3. Variation in morphometric traits for three species of Spinoncaea (both sexes, including form variants of female S. ivlevi) from three locations in the Pacific Ocean (WP = western equatorial Pacific; EP = eastern equatorial Pacific; KS = Korea Strait; n = number of specimens examined) Abbreviations: A 2 = antenna; AS = anal somite; CR = caudal ramus, for numbering of setae see Fig. 2 C; DES = distal endopod segment; DS = distal spine; G (D) S = genital (double-) somite; in = inner margin; out = outer margin; L = length; PGS = postgenital somites; Pro = prosome; Uro = urosome; W = width." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/B297CA274A18EE7ABF3696829E372662" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" tableUuid="B297CA274A18EE7ABF3696829E372662">3</tableCitation>
|
||
), ornamentation as figured (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Spinoncaea tenuis Boettger-Schnack, 2003, male (northeastern equatorial Pacific) A habitus, dorsal (outer basal seta on left side of P 5 - bearing somite missing) B urosome, dorsal (P 5 and the outer seta of P 5 - bearing somite on left side missing, caudal seta V on both sides missing) C urosome, ventral, ventrolateral lobes on P 5 - bearing somite arrowed (P 5 and the outer seta of P 5 - bearing somite on left side missing, caudal seta V on both sides missing) D maxilliped, anterior E antennule F P 5 exopod and outer basal seta, lateral G Anal somite and caudal ramus of another specimen, ventral. seta IV on left side and seta V on right side omitted. Scale bars in μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/555768" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">11D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Caudal setae with proportional lengths as in female, variation in length ratios as given in Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="T3" captionText="Table 3. Variation in morphometric traits for three species of Spinoncaea (both sexes, including form variants of female S. ivlevi) from three locations in the Pacific Ocean (WP = western equatorial Pacific; EP = eastern equatorial Pacific; KS = Korea Strait; n = number of specimens examined) Abbreviations: A 2 = antenna; AS = anal somite; CR = caudal ramus, for numbering of setae see Fig. 2 C; DES = distal endopod segment; DS = distal spine; G (D) S = genital (double-) somite; in = inner margin; out = outer margin; L = length; PGS = postgenital somites; Pro = prosome; Uro = urosome; W = width." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/B297CA274A18EE7ABF3696829E372662" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" tableUuid="B297CA274A18EE7ABF3696829E372662">3</tableCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
|
||
Antennule (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Spinoncaea tenuis Boettger-Schnack, 2003, male (northeastern equatorial Pacific) A habitus, dorsal (outer basal seta on left side of P 5 - bearing somite missing) B urosome, dorsal (P 5 and the outer seta of P 5 - bearing somite on left side missing, caudal seta V on both sides missing) C urosome, ventral, ventrolateral lobes on P 5 - bearing somite arrowed (P 5 and the outer seta of P 5 - bearing somite on left side missing, caudal seta V on both sides missing) D maxilliped, anterior E antennule F P 5 exopod and outer basal seta, lateral G Anal somite and caudal ramus of another specimen, ventral. seta IV on left side and seta V on right side omitted. Scale bars in μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/555768" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">11E</figureCitation>
|
||
) 4-segmented, armature as for
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. ivlevi" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" rank="species" species="ivlevi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">S. ivlevi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
|
||
Antenna (not figured) with variation in length to width ratio of distal endopod segment similar to female (Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="T3" captionText="Table 3. Variation in morphometric traits for three species of Spinoncaea (both sexes, including form variants of female S. ivlevi) from three locations in the Pacific Ocean (WP = western equatorial Pacific; EP = eastern equatorial Pacific; KS = Korea Strait; n = number of specimens examined) Abbreviations: A 2 = antenna; AS = anal somite; CR = caudal ramus, for numbering of setae see Fig. 2 C; DES = distal endopod segment; DS = distal spine; G (D) S = genital (double-) somite; in = inner margin; out = outer margin; L = length; PGS = postgenital somites; Pro = prosome; Uro = urosome; W = width." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/B297CA274A18EE7ABF3696829E372662" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" tableUuid="B297CA274A18EE7ABF3696829E372662">3</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
|
||
Maxilliped (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Spinoncaea tenuis Boettger-Schnack, 2003, male (northeastern equatorial Pacific) A habitus, dorsal (outer basal seta on left side of P 5 - bearing somite missing) B urosome, dorsal (P 5 and the outer seta of P 5 - bearing somite on left side missing, caudal seta V on both sides missing) C urosome, ventral, ventrolateral lobes on P 5 - bearing somite arrowed (P 5 and the outer seta of P 5 - bearing somite on left side missing, caudal seta V on both sides missing) D maxilliped, anterior E antennule F P 5 exopod and outer basal seta, lateral G Anal somite and caudal ramus of another specimen, ventral. seta IV on left side and seta V on right side omitted. Scale bars in μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/555768" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">11D</figureCitation>
|
||
) 3-segmented, armature and ornamentation as figured.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
|
||
Swimming legs 1-4 with armature and ornamentation as in female. Variability in proportional spine lengths on rami given in Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="T4" captionText="Table 4. Variation in proportional spine lengths on P 2 - P 4 for three species of Spinoncaea (both sexes, including form variants of female S. ivlevi) from three locations of the Pacific Ocean (WP = western equatorial Pacific; EP = eastern equatorial Pacific; KS = Korea Strait, n = number of specimens measured) Abbreviations: DS = distal spine; L = length; MS = middle spine; ODS = outer distal spine; OSDS = outer subdistal spine; PS = proximal spine; SP = spine; W = width." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C31DA3DB9644D3B1EF4CFC460518BFD1" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" tableUuid="C31DA3DB9644D3B1EF4CFC460518BFD1">4</tableCitation>
|
||
, values of equatorial Pacific fall within the range of females, but proportional lengths of exopodal spines on P2 and P4 from Korea Strait larger than those of females.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
|
||
P5 (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Spinoncaea tenuis Boettger-Schnack, 2003, male (northeastern equatorial Pacific) A habitus, dorsal (outer basal seta on left side of P 5 - bearing somite missing) B urosome, dorsal (P 5 and the outer seta of P 5 - bearing somite on left side missing, caudal seta V on both sides missing) C urosome, ventral, ventrolateral lobes on P 5 - bearing somite arrowed (P 5 and the outer seta of P 5 - bearing somite on left side missing, caudal seta V on both sides missing) D maxilliped, anterior E antennule F P 5 exopod and outer basal seta, lateral G Anal somite and caudal ramus of another specimen, ventral. seta IV on left side and seta V on right side omitted. Scale bars in μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/555768" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">11F</figureCitation>
|
||
) with exopodal seta and outer basal seta somewhat shorter than in female.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
|
||
P6 (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Spinoncaea tenuis Boettger-Schnack, 2003, male (northeastern equatorial Pacific) A habitus, dorsal (outer basal seta on left side of P 5 - bearing somite missing) B urosome, dorsal (P 5 and the outer seta of P 5 - bearing somite on left side missing, caudal seta V on both sides missing) C urosome, ventral, ventrolateral lobes on P 5 - bearing somite arrowed (P 5 and the outer seta of P 5 - bearing somite on left side missing, caudal seta V on both sides missing) D maxilliped, anterior E antennule F P 5 exopod and outer basal seta, lateral G Anal somite and caudal ramus of another specimen, ventral. seta IV on left side and seta V on right side omitted. Scale bars in μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/555768" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">11C</figureCitation>
|
||
) with ornamentation pattern as figured.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="147" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00056.x" author="Boettger-Schnack, R" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" pagination="187 - 226" refId="B5" refString="Boettger-Schnack, R, 2003. Taxonomy of Oncaeidae (Copepoda, Poecilostomatoida) from the Red Sea. V. Three species of Spinoncaea gen. nov. (ivlevi -group), with notes on zoogeographical distribution. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 137 (2): 187 - 226, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00056.x" title="Taxonomy of Oncaeidae (Copepoda, Poecilostomatoida) from the Red Sea. V. Three species of Spinoncaea gen. nov. (ivlevi - group), with notes on zoogeographical distribution." url="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00056.x" volume="137" year="2003">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Böttger-Schnack">Boettger-Schnack</normalizedToken>
|
||
(2003)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported two variants of female
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. tenuis" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" rank="species" species="tenuis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">S. tenuis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which differed in geographical distribution. The typical form appeared in the entire Red Sea and in the northern Arabian Sea, while the elongate form was found in the Mediterranean Sea and in the NW Pacific (Kuroshio Extension); specimens from the NE Pacific (Monterey), on the other hand, showed intermediate values between both forms. In the present study, females from the NE equatorial Pacific also displayed intermediate values in morphological characters between the two forms of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. tenuis" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" rank="species" species="tenuis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">S. tenuis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which are as follows: (1) the length to width ratio of the genital double-somite has a wide range (1.8-2.3), including values of both form types; (2) the position of the genital apertures is at 2/5 of distance from the anterior margin as in the elongate form (from the Adriatic Sea); (3) the basal seta on P4 is more similar to the typical Red Sea form, reaching as far as the middle of the distal exopod segment, whereas this seta is much longer in the elongate form (from the Adriatic Sea), reaching beyond the tip of the distal spine on the exopod segment (cf.
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00056.x" author="Boettger-Schnack, R" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" pagination="187 - 226" refId="B5" refString="Boettger-Schnack, R, 2003. Taxonomy of Oncaeidae (Copepoda, Poecilostomatoida) from the Red Sea. V. Three species of Spinoncaea gen. nov. (ivlevi -group), with notes on zoogeographical distribution. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 137 (2): 187 - 226, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00056.x" title="Taxonomy of Oncaeidae (Copepoda, Poecilostomatoida) from the Red Sea. V. Three species of Spinoncaea gen. nov. (ivlevi - group), with notes on zoogeographical distribution." url="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00056.x" volume="137" year="2003">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Böttger-Schnack">Boettger-Schnack</normalizedToken>
|
||
2003
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 16C); (4) the outer basal seta on P5 reaching as far as 4/5 the distance from the anterior margin of the genital double-somite in our Pacific specimens, but extending almost beyond the posterior margin of the genital double-somite in the elongate form (from the Adriatic Sea), (5) the length to width ratio of the caudal ramus measured along inner or outer margin in our specimens (1.8-2.5 or 2.3-2.9
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
, respectively) is larger than in the typical form from the Red Sea (1.9-2.0 or 2.1-2.3
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
) at least for ratio of the outer margin, and the range of values corresponds approximately to those of the elongate form from the Adriatic Sea (1.8-2.4 or 2.2-2.6
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
) and the NE Pacific (off Monterey, California) (2.1 or 2.4-2.7
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00056.x" author="Boettger-Schnack, R" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" pagination="187 - 226" refId="B5" refString="Boettger-Schnack, R, 2003. Taxonomy of Oncaeidae (Copepoda, Poecilostomatoida) from the Red Sea. V. Three species of Spinoncaea gen. nov. (ivlevi -group), with notes on zoogeographical distribution. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 137 (2): 187 - 226, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00056.x" title="Taxonomy of Oncaeidae (Copepoda, Poecilostomatoida) from the Red Sea. V. Three species of Spinoncaea gen. nov. (ivlevi - group), with notes on zoogeographical distribution." url="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00056.x" volume="137" year="2003">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Böttger-Schnack">Boettger-Schnack</normalizedToken>
|
||
2003
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: table 8).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
|
||
In terms of ornamentation details, which are described for the typical form only, our Pacific specimens differed from the typical
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. tenuis" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" rank="species" species="tenuis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">S. tenuis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
mainly by some details such as: (1) (1a) on the syncoxa of the maxilla and (1b) on the proximal element of the maxilliped; (2) short spinule(s) on the inner margin of bases on P2 and P3; (3) ornamentation with few minute spinules along the medial margin of CR seta III; and (4) variable number of midventral spinous processes on the P5-bearing somite.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
|
||
Unlike the females, males of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. tenuis" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" rank="species" species="tenuis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">S. tenuis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
could not clearly be classified into form types in
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Böttger-Schnack’s">Boettger-Schnack's</normalizedToken>
|
||
account. When compared to the typical form from the Red Sea, specimens from the equatorial Pacific are similar in morphology, except for some minor differences including (1) the length to width ratio of the genital somite, which is longer than in our specimens (1.8-2.0
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
) than in the Red Sea specimens (1.7
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
), (2) the caudal rami (inner 1.9-2.2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
, outer 2.2-2.6
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
) were slightly longer than in the Red Sea specimens (inner 1.9
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
, outer 2.3
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
), and (3) the length ratio of caudal setae VII and IV, respectively, with seta VII being 1.6-1.9
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
longer than seta IV in the Pacific specimens, whereas seta VII is only 1.4
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
the length of seta IV in the Red Sea specimens. Also, the number of paired midventral spinous processes on the P5-bearing somite differs, showing only two processes in the Pacific, as compared to three processes in the Red Sea specimens. However, as the male specimen from the Korea Strait also showed three paired processes (not figured), and differences among individuals of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. tenuis" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" rank="species" species="tenuis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">S. tenuis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
females (two or three processes) were apparent, this ornamentation seems to be due to individual variation, and cannot be regarded as a regional difference.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
|
||
According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00056.x" author="Boettger-Schnack, R" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" pagination="187 - 226" refId="B5" refString="Boettger-Schnack, R, 2003. Taxonomy of Oncaeidae (Copepoda, Poecilostomatoida) from the Red Sea. V. Three species of Spinoncaea gen. nov. (ivlevi -group), with notes on zoogeographical distribution. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 137 (2): 187 - 226, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00056.x" title="Taxonomy of Oncaeidae (Copepoda, Poecilostomatoida) from the Red Sea. V. Three species of Spinoncaea gen. nov. (ivlevi - group), with notes on zoogeographical distribution." url="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00056.x" volume="137" year="2003">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Böttger-Schnack">Boettger-Schnack</normalizedToken>
|
||
(2003)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, some slight morphological differences occurred between males of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. tenuis" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" rank="species" species="tenuis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">S. tenuis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Red Sea and the Adriatic Sea (e.g., the proportional lengths of the genital somite and the caudal rami), but the determination of an elongate male appeared to be ambiguous. In our case, the above mentioned two characters are intermediate between the typical form (from the Red Sea) and the elongate form (from the Adriatic Sea) and the range of these values could be perceived as a variation among individuals (cf. Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="T3" captionText="Table 3. Variation in morphometric traits for three species of Spinoncaea (both sexes, including form variants of female S. ivlevi) from three locations in the Pacific Ocean (WP = western equatorial Pacific; EP = eastern equatorial Pacific; KS = Korea Strait; n = number of specimens examined) Abbreviations: A 2 = antenna; AS = anal somite; CR = caudal ramus, for numbering of setae see Fig. 2 C; DES = distal endopod segment; DS = distal spine; G (D) S = genital (double-) somite; in = inner margin; out = outer margin; L = length; PGS = postgenital somites; Pro = prosome; Uro = urosome; W = width." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/B297CA274A18EE7ABF3696829E372662" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" tableUuid="B297CA274A18EE7ABF3696829E372662">3</tableCitation>
|
||
). However, the single male of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. tenuis" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" rank="species" species="tenuis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">S. tenuis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Korea Strait (not figured) seemed to be similar to the elongate form from the Adriatic Sea, as it differed from specimens from the equatorial Pacific specimens in the following characters (Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="T3" captionText="Table 3. Variation in morphometric traits for three species of Spinoncaea (both sexes, including form variants of female S. ivlevi) from three locations in the Pacific Ocean (WP = western equatorial Pacific; EP = eastern equatorial Pacific; KS = Korea Strait; n = number of specimens examined) Abbreviations: A 2 = antenna; AS = anal somite; CR = caudal ramus, for numbering of setae see Fig. 2 C; DES = distal endopod segment; DS = distal spine; G (D) S = genital (double-) somite; in = inner margin; out = outer margin; L = length; PGS = postgenital somites; Pro = prosome; Uro = urosome; W = width." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/B297CA274A18EE7ABF3696829E372662" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" tableUuid="B297CA274A18EE7ABF3696829E372662">3</tableCitation>
|
||
): (1) smaller body length: 292
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
; (2) the genital somite being slightly longer than in the equatorial Pacific, with a length to width ratio of 2.0:1; (3) the length to width ratio of the caudal rami being greater/higher (inner 2.4
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
, outer 2.8
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
) than in the equatorial Pacific (Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="T3" captionText="Table 3. Variation in morphometric traits for three species of Spinoncaea (both sexes, including form variants of female S. ivlevi) from three locations in the Pacific Ocean (WP = western equatorial Pacific; EP = eastern equatorial Pacific; KS = Korea Strait; n = number of specimens examined) Abbreviations: A 2 = antenna; AS = anal somite; CR = caudal ramus, for numbering of setae see Fig. 2 C; DES = distal endopod segment; DS = distal spine; G (D) S = genital (double-) somite; in = inner margin; out = outer margin; L = length; PGS = postgenital somites; Pro = prosome; Uro = urosome; W = width." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/B297CA274A18EE7ABF3696829E372662" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" tableUuid="B297CA274A18EE7ABF3696829E372662">3</tableCitation>
|
||
); (4) the anal somite slightly longer than in the equatorial Pacific, 1.2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
longer than wide; and (5) the outer basal seta on P5 reaching the posterior margin of the genital somite. In summary, the observed variation of features for
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. tenuis" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" rank="species" species="tenuis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">S. tenuis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Pacific indicates that the previously described form types of this species are not clearly separated; however, distinct form types may occur due to regionally reduced ranges of variation in the morphological details described here.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
|
||
The female of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. tenuis" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" rank="species" species="tenuis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">S. tenuis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can easily be confused with the elongate form of female
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. ivlevi" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" rank="species" species="ivlevi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">S. ivlevi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Pacific Ocean, due to the shape of the genital double-somite. However, as
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00056.x" author="Boettger-Schnack, R" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" pagination="187 - 226" refId="B5" refString="Boettger-Schnack, R, 2003. Taxonomy of Oncaeidae (Copepoda, Poecilostomatoida) from the Red Sea. V. Three species of Spinoncaea gen. nov. (ivlevi -group), with notes on zoogeographical distribution. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 137 (2): 187 - 226, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00056.x" title="Taxonomy of Oncaeidae (Copepoda, Poecilostomatoida) from the Red Sea. V. Three species of Spinoncaea gen. nov. (ivlevi - group), with notes on zoogeographical distribution." url="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00056.x" volume="137" year="2003">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Böttger-Schnack">Boettger-Schnack</normalizedToken>
|
||
(2003)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
mentioned the distinction between
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. tenuis" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" rank="species" species="tenuis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">S. tenuis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. ivlevi" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" rank="species" species="ivlevi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">S. ivlevi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
elongate form from the equatorial Pacific are: (1) the number of elements on the mandible (four in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. tenuis" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" rank="species" species="tenuis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">S. tenuis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but five in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. ivlevi" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" rank="species" species="ivlevi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">S. ivlevi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
elongate form) and (2) the number of spinules patches on the anterior surface of the labrum (two pairs in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. tenuis" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" rank="species" species="tenuis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">S. tenuis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but one pair in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. ivlevi" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" rank="species" species="ivlevi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">S. ivlevi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
elongate form, generally). Further morphometric differences between females of the two species may be found in (3) the proportional lengths of caudal setae III: II, which is smaller in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. tenuis" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" rank="species" species="tenuis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">S. tenuis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(1.0-1.5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
) as compared to
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. ivlevi" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" rank="species" species="ivlevi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">S. ivlevi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
elongate form (1.6-2.0
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
) and (4) the length ratio between the distal spine and distal exopod segment on P2-P4, with the distal spine being almost equal in length to the distal segment in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. tenuis" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" rank="species" species="tenuis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">S. tenuis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, whereas the spine is shorter than the segment in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. ivlevi" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" rank="species" species="ivlevi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">S. ivlevi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
elongate form (esp. on P4) (Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="T4" captionText="Table 4. Variation in proportional spine lengths on P 2 - P 4 for three species of Spinoncaea (both sexes, including form variants of female S. ivlevi) from three locations of the Pacific Ocean (WP = western equatorial Pacific; EP = eastern equatorial Pacific; KS = Korea Strait, n = number of specimens measured) Abbreviations: DS = distal spine; L = length; MS = middle spine; ODS = outer distal spine; OSDS = outer subdistal spine; PS = proximal spine; SP = spine; W = width." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C31DA3DB9644D3B1EF4CFC460518BFD1" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" tableUuid="C31DA3DB9644D3B1EF4CFC460518BFD1">4</tableCitation>
|
||
). Further minor differences between the two species are found in the patterns of the ornamentation on the ventral surface of the genital double-somite, as the elongate form of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. ivlevi" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" rank="species" species="ivlevi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">S. ivlevi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Spinoncaea ivlevi (Shmeleva, 1966), female, elongate form, general (northwestern equatorial Pacific) A urosome, dorsal, caudal seta V on both sides missing; elongate form, aberrant (northeastern equatorial Pacific) B P 4 - bearing somite and urosome, ventral, showing ornamentation on P 4 and P 5 - bearing somites and genital double-somite, ventrolateral lobes arrowed, caudal seta V on left side missing C P 5 - bearing somite and genital double-somite, lateral, showing 2 long setules on ventral side of double-somite, midventral spinous process and ventrolateral lobe arrowed. Spinoncaea ivlevi (Shmeleva, 1966), female, robust form, variation, (northwestern equatorial Pacific) D setular patch on tip of cephalosome, dorsal E setular patch on cephalosome, lateral. Scale bars in μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/555764" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">7B</figureCitation>
|
||
) has a larger number of spinular rows than
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. tenuis" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" rank="species" species="tenuis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">S. tenuis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Spinoncaea tenuis Boettger-Schnack, 2003, female (northeastern equatorial Pacific) A habitus, dorsal (outer basal seta and exopodal seta of P 5 on right side damaged, caudal seta V on left side missing) B habitus, lateral C urosome, dorsal (outer basal seta and exopodal seta of P 5 on right side missing, caudal seta V on left side missing) D urosome, lateral, midventral spinous processes and ventrolateral lobe arrowed E urosome, ventral, midventral spinous processes and ventrolateral lobes arrowed (caudal setae IV and VI on left side omitted and seta V missing). Scale bars in μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/555765" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">8E</figureCitation>
|
||
) and the ornamentation on the inner margin of caudal ramus, which is absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. tenuis" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" rank="species" species="tenuis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">S. tenuis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but is present in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. ivlevi" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" rank="species" species="ivlevi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">S. ivlevi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
elongate form.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |