231 lines
20 KiB
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231 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1057.68375" ID-GBIF-Dataset="81516403-d193-4b88-9bb5-8c30a613f761" ID-PMC="PMC8417025" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1057-49" ID-Pensoft-UUID="CBDDDAC395895D47B663C874FC3F51F8" ID-PubMed="34552368" ID-ZooBank="F3DC6F1E27614534836B0058E835FEC0" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1057-49" checkinTime="1630079565050" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Leblanc, Luc, Tsatsia, Francis & Doorenweerd, Camiel" docDate="2021" docId="BDC868AEC80452B3A8D569061E66B2BD" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1057: 49-103" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1057" docPubDate="2021-08-27" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1057.68375" docTitle="Bactrocera (Bactrocera) quasienochra Leblanc & Doorenweerd 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="3A13A2D0-6F79-4338-B501-887EEA24C356" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" id="CBDDDAC395895D47B663C874FC3F51F8" lastPageNumber="49" masterDocId="CBDDDAC395895D47B663C874FC3F51F8" masterDocTitle="Novel lures and COI sequences reveal cryptic new species of Bactrocera fruit flies in the Solomon Islands (Diptera, Tephritidae, Dacini)" masterLastPageNumber="103" masterPageNumber="49" pageNumber="49" updateTime="1668150875750" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Novel lures and COI sequences reveal cryptic new species of Bactrocera fruit flies in the Solomon Islands (Diptera, Tephritidae, Dacini)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Leblanc, Luc</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>University of Idaho, Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Nematology, 875 Perimeter Drive, MS 2329, Moscow, Idaho, 83844 - 2329, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">leblancl@uidaho.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Tsatsia, Francis</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Biosecurity Solomon Islands. Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock. P. O. Box G 13, Honiara, Solomon Islands</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Doorenweerd, Camiel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0418-4439</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>University of Hawaii, Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, 3050 Maile Way, Honolulu, Hawaii, 96822 - 2231, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2021-08-27</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>1057</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>49</mods:start>
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<mods:end>103</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1057.68375</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1057.68375</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1057-49</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">F3DC6F1E27614534836B0058E835FEC0</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">CBDDDAC395895D47B663C874FC3F51F8</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7019460" ID-GBIF-Taxon="185118015" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7019460" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3A13A2D0-6F79-4338-B501-887EEA24C356" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/BDC868AEC80452B3A8D569061E66B2BD" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/3A13A2D0-6F79-4338-B501-887EEA24C356" authority="Leblanc & Doorenweerd" authorityName="Leblanc & Doorenweerd" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Bactrocera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bactrocera (Bactrocera) quasienochra" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quasienochra" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Bactrocera">Bactrocera (Bactrocera) quasienochra Leblanc & Doorenweerd</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="49">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Bactrocera quasienochra sp. nov. A head B head and scutum C abdomen D male genitalia E wing F lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1057.68375.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/581774" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Fig. 12A-E</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Holotype</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Solomon Islands • ♂; Guadalcanal, forest;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="9.4064" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-9.4064">-9.4064</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="159.8671" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="159.8671">159.8671</geoCoordinate>
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; 145 m; 4-16 Apr. 2018; L. Leblanc, F. Tsatsia leg.; cue-lure baited trap FFSo018; molecular voucher UHIM.ms08789. Deposited in UHIM.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="differential diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Differential diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Leblanc & Doorenweerd" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Bactrocera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bactrocera quasienochra" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quasienochra">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Bactrocera quasienochra</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Bactrocera quasienochra sp. nov. A head B head and scutum C abdomen D male genitalia E wing F lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1057.68375.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/581774" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">12</figureCitation>
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) is similar to
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="B. enochra" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="enochra">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">B. enochra</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Drew) (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Bactrocera enochra (Drew) A head B head and scutum C abdomen D wing E lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1057.68375.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/581775" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">13</figureCitation>
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). It differs by the absence of broad black lateral markings on abdomen tergites III-V, and the narrower lateral postsutural vitta, ending before intra-alar seta.
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1057.68375.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/581774" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" start="Figure 12" startId="F12">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Figure 12.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Leblanc & Doorenweerd" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Bactrocera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bactrocera quasienochra" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quasienochra">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Bactrocera quasienochra</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">A</emphasis>
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head
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">B</emphasis>
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head and scutum
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">C</emphasis>
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abdomen
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">D</emphasis>
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male genitalia
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">E</emphasis>
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wing
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">F</emphasis>
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lateral view.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="molecular diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Molecular diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
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We sequenced the holotype for COI, and its sequence is closest to an undescribed species from Malaysia (
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="B." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="B." order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">B.</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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spMalaysia11 in
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.23.394510" author="Doorenweerd, C" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" refId="B7" refString="Doorenweerd, C, Jose, MS, Leblanc, L, Barr, N, Geib, S, Chung, AYC, Dupuis, J, Ekayanti, A, Fiegalan, ER, Hemachandra, KS, Chia-lung, MAH, 2020. DNA barcodes and reliable molecular identifications in a diverse group of invasive pests: lessons from Bactrocera fruit flies on variation across the COI gene, introgression, and standardization. bioRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.23.394510" title="DNA barcodes and reliable molecular identifications in a diverse group of invasive pests: lessons from Bactrocera fruit flies on variation across the COI gene, introgression, and standardization. bioRxiv." url="https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.23.394510" year="2020">Doorenweerd et al. (2020)</bibRefCitation>
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) at 11.19% pairwise distance. The
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="B. quasienochra" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="quasienochra">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">B. quasienochra</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sequence has an even greater distance to those of
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="B. enochra" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="enochra">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">B. enochra</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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[N = 6].
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1057.68375.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/581775" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" start="Figure 13" startId="F13">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Figure 13.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Drew" baseAuthorityYear="1972" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Bactrocera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bactrocera enochra" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="enochra">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Bactrocera enochra</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Drew)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">A</emphasis>
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head
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">B</emphasis>
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head and scutum
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">C</emphasis>
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abdomen
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">D</emphasis>
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wing
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">E</emphasis>
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lateral view.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Description of adult.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Male</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Head</emphasis>
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(Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Bactrocera quasienochra sp. nov. A head B head and scutum C abdomen D male genitalia E wing F lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1057.68375.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/581774" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">12A</figureCitation>
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). Height 1.83 mm. Frons, of even width, 0.93 mm long and 1.56 times as long as broad; dark fulvous and narrowly fulvous anterolaterally; anteromedial hump covered by short red-brown microtrichia; three pairs of dark fuscous frontal setae present; lunule fulvous. Ocellar triangle black. Vertex fulvous with two pairs of dark fuscous vertical setae. Face fulvous with a pair of large oval black spots in antennal furrows; length 0.53 mm. Gena fulvous, with large dark fuscous subocular spot and a red-brown seta. Occiput fulvous and dark fulvous behind vertex; row of postocular setae weakly developed, with ca. four nearly indistinct setae. Antenna with scape and pedicel dark fulvous and flagellum fulvous with lateral surface and inner apical half dark fuscous; a strong fulvous dorsal seta on pedicel; arista fulvous basally and black distally; length of segments: 0.27 mm; 0.30 mm; 0.87 mm.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Thorax</emphasis>
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(Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Bactrocera quasienochra sp. nov. A head B head and scutum C abdomen D male genitalia E wing F lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1057.68375.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/581774" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">12B</figureCitation>
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). Scutum orange-brown with two short sublateral dark fuscous markings anterior to notopleural suture, and continued posteriorly as parallel lines formed by black microtrichia. Pleural areas orange-brown. Notopleuron light fulvous. Yellow markings: posterior half of postpronotal lobe (anteriorly orange-brown); narrow paired parallel-sided lateral postsutural vitta, slightly tapered posteriorly and ending before intra-alar seta; moderately broad anepisternal stripe with anterior margin straight, reaching to mid distance between anterior and posterior notopleural setae dorsally; anterior ⅔ anatergite and katatergite (posteriorly orange-brown). Mediotergite orange-brown. Scutellum orange-brown, and yellow on anterolateral surface and ventrally. Setae: 1 pair scutellar; prescutellar acrostichal absent; 1 pair intra-alar; 1 pair postalar; 1 pair postsutural supra-alar; 1 pair anepisternal; 2 pairs notopleural; 1 pair scapular (lateral position); all setae well developed and fuscous.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Legs</emphasis>
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(Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Bactrocera quasienochra sp. nov. A head B head and scutum C abdomen D male genitalia E wing F lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1057.68375.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/581774" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">12F</figureCitation>
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). Legs entirely fulvous with hind tibia tending fuscous on dorsal surface. Fore femur with a row of long fulvous dorsal setae. Mid-tibia with an apical black spur.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Wing</emphasis>
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(Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Bactrocera quasienochra sp. nov. A head B head and scutum C abdomen D male genitalia E wing F lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1057.68375.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/581774" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">12E</figureCitation>
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). Length 6.7 mm; basal costal and costal cells fuscous with microtrichia in posterodistal corner of costal cell; narrow fuscous costal band confluent with R2+3, not expanded at apex, and ending mid distance between apex of R4+5 and medial vein, and broad fuscous anal streak; remainder of wing hyaline; dense aggregation of microtrichia around A1 + CuA2; supernumerary lobe weakly developed.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Abdomen</emphasis>
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(Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Bactrocera quasienochra sp. nov. A head B head and scutum C abdomen D male genitalia E wing F lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1057.68375.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/581774" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">12C, D</figureCitation>
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). Elongate-oval with tergites not fused; pecten present on tergite III; posterior lobe of surstylus short; abdominal sternite V with a deep concavity on posterior margin. Base of syntergite I+II wider than long. All tergites orange-brown with a medial longitudinal black stripe gradually broadened from base of tergite III and extended apically along the entire lateral margins of tergite V except their bases. Ceromata on tergite V indistinct from abdomen orange-brown color. Abdominal sternites fulvous.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Female.</emphasis>
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Unknown
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="male attractant">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Male attractant.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Cue-lure.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
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The species name is a noun in apposition, derived from the Latin adverb
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">quasi</emphasis>
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(just as if) used in conjunction with the epithet of the species it closely resembles;
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="B. enochra" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="enochra">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">B. enochra</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="notes">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Notes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Leblanc & Doorenweerd" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Bactrocera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bactrocera quasienochra" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quasienochra">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Bactrocera quasienochra</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was included as
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="B." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="B." order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">B.</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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spnSol03 in
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.23.394510" author="Doorenweerd, C" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" refId="B7" refString="Doorenweerd, C, Jose, MS, Leblanc, L, Barr, N, Geib, S, Chung, AYC, Dupuis, J, Ekayanti, A, Fiegalan, ER, Hemachandra, KS, Chia-lung, MAH, 2020. DNA barcodes and reliable molecular identifications in a diverse group of invasive pests: lessons from Bactrocera fruit flies on variation across the COI gene, introgression, and standardization. bioRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.23.394510" title="DNA barcodes and reliable molecular identifications in a diverse group of invasive pests: lessons from Bactrocera fruit flies on variation across the COI gene, introgression, and standardization. bioRxiv." url="https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.23.394510" year="2020">Doorenweerd et al. (2020)</bibRefCitation>
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