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<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6494426" ID-ISSN="1982-0224" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6494426" checkinTime="1630375533420" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Lujan, Nathan K." docDate="2008" docId="03A82011FFA0FFBFFEACFAD91CEA0684" docLanguage="en" docName="NeotropIchthyol.2008.39.pdf" docOrigin="Neotropical Ichthyology 6 (3)" docSource="http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1679-62252008000300014&amp;lng=en&amp;tlng=en" docStyle="DocumentStyle:85A40B78B715C4497F837D9D78407CE5.4:NeotropIchthyol.2003-2013.journal_article" docStyleId="85A40B78B715C4497F837D9D78407CE5" docStyleName="NeotropIchthyol.2003-2013.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Lithoxus jantjae Lujan 2008, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="415" masterDocId="FF915869FFA1FFBDFF99FFB91961013F" masterDocTitle="Description of a new Lithoxus (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the Guayana Highlands with a discussion of Guiana Shield biogeography" masterLastPageNumber="418" masterPageNumber="413" pageId="1" pageNumber="414" updateTime="1651004754971" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Description of a new Lithoxus (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the Guayana Highlands with a discussion of Guiana Shield biogeography</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Lujan, Nathan K.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Neotropical Ichthyology</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2008</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2008-12-31</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>6</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="issue">
<mods:number>3</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>413</mods:start>
<mods:end>418</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1679-62252008000300014&amp;lng=en&amp;tlng=en</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.1590/S1679-62252008000300014</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1982-0224</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5419822</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6494426" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6494426" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A82011FFA0FFBFFEACFAD91CEA0684" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A82011FFA0FFBFFEACFAD91CEA0684" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="415" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">
<subSubSection box="[309,635,1376,1400]" pageId="1" pageNumber="414" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="1.[309,635,1376,1432]" box="[309,635,1376,1400]" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">
<heading box="[309,635,1376,1400]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="414" reason="2">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[309,635,1376,1400]" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">
<taxonomicName authority="Lujan, 2008" authorityName="Lujan" authorityYear="2008" box="[309,490,1376,1400]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Lithoxus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="414" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jantjae" status="new species">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[309,490,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">Lithoxus jantjae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[503,635,1377,1400]" pageId="1" pageNumber="414" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[443,501,1409,1432]" pageId="1" pageNumber="414" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="1.[309,635,1376,1432]" box="[443,501,1409,1432]" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">
<figureCitation box="[443,501,1409,1432]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[158,195,1478,1501]" captionTargetBox="[366,1273,190,1460]" captionTargetId="figure-243@2.[366,1273,190,1460]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig.1. Lithoxusjantjae, holotype,MCNG 55349, 38.4mm SL,Venezuela,Amazonas State,Ventuari River upstream ofTencua Falls." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5419824" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5419824/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="414" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="1.[151,794,1473,1580]" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2004-04-21" collectionCode="MCNG" collectorName="N. K. Lujan &amp; O. Leon &amp; A. Luna &amp; A. Yarumare." country="Venezuela" latitude="5.0333333" location="Tencua Falls" longLatPrecision="1305" longitude="-65.6" municipality="rio Ventuari" pageId="1" pageNumber="414" specimenCode="MCNG 55349" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Amazonas" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,252,1473,1494]" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">
<typeStatus box="[151,248,1473,1494]" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<specimenCode box="[258,399,1473,1494]" collectionCode="MCNG" country="Venezuela" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/tyz9-grz8" name="Museo de Ciencias Naturales de la UNELLEZ en Guanare" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">MCNG 55349</specimenCode>
,
<quantity box="[409,495,1473,1494]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.84" pageId="1" pageNumber="414" unit="mm" value="38.4">38.4 mm</quantity>
SL,
<collectingCountry box="[541,644,1473,1494]" name="Venezuela" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion box="[652,757,1473,1494]" country="Venezuela" name="Amazonas" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">Amazonas</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality pageId="1" pageNumber="414">río Ventuari</collectingMunicipality>
, above
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A82011FFA0FFBFFEACFAD91CEA0684:8EDEC7DCFFA0FFBCFEA8FA6418CB04CD" box="[305,426,1501,1522]" country="Venezuela" latitude="5.0333333" longLatPrecision="1305" longitude="-65.6" municipality="rio Ventuari" name="Tencua Falls" pageId="1" pageNumber="414" stateProvince="Amazonas">Tencua Falls</location>
<locationDeviation box="[431,790,1501,1522]" location="San Juan de Manapiare" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">
<quantity box="[431,491,1501,1522]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.8" pageId="1" pageNumber="414" unit="km" value="58.0">58 km</quantity>
ESE of San Juan de Manapiare
</locationDeviation>
, approx.
<geoCoordinate box="[233,292,1530,1551]" degrees="5" direction="north" minutes="2" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="414" precision="925" value="5.0333333">5º2’N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[304,391,1530,1551]" degrees="65" direction="west" minutes="36" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="414" precision="925" value="-65.6">65º36’W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date box="[403,531,1530,1551]" pageId="1" pageNumber="414" value="2004-04-21">
<collectingDate box="[403,531,1530,1551]" pageId="1" pageNumber="414" value="2004-04-21">21 Apr 2004</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName box="[542,664,1530,1551]" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">N. K. Lujan</collectorName>
,
<collectorName box="[676,759,1530,1551]" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">O. León</collectorName>
,
<collectorName pageId="1" pageNumber="414">A. Luna</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName box="[228,358,1559,1580]" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">A. Yarumare.</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="1.[151,794,1617,1695]" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">
<materialsCitation box="[151,503,1617,1638]" collectingDate="2004-04-21" collectionCode="MCNG" collectorName="N. K. Lujan &amp; O. Leon &amp; A. Luna &amp; A. Yarumare." country="Venezuela" latitude="5.0333333" location="Tencua Falls" longLatPrecision="1305" longitude="-65.6" municipality="rio Ventuari" pageId="1" pageNumber="414" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Amazonas" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,261,1617,1638]" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">
<typeStatus box="[151,257,1617,1638]" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">Paratypes</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
Same data as holotype
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation collectionCode="ANSP" country="Venezuela" pageId="1" pageNumber="414" specimenCode="ANSP 182809, 4" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Amazonas" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCode box="[513,659,1617,1638]" collectionCode="ANSP" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" name="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">ANSP 182809</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode box="[672,686,1617,1638]" collectionCode="ANSP" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" name="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">4</specimenCode>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.755" metricValueMax="3.37" metricValueMin="2.1399999999999997" pageId="1" pageNumber="414" unit="mm" value="27.55" valueMax="33.7" valueMin="21.4">21.4-33.7 mm</quantity>
SL (2, 30.6,
<quantity box="[308,392,1645,1666]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.37" pageId="1" pageNumber="414" unit="mm" value="33.7">33.7 mm</quantity>
SL)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation accessionNumber="AUM 39478" collectionCode="AUM" country="Venezuela" pageId="1" pageNumber="414" specimenCode="4" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Amazonas" typeStatus="paratype">
<accessionNumber box="[443,566,1645,1666]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/AUM39478" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">
<collectionCode box="[443,499,1645,1666]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8wk2-p21y" name="Auburn University Museum of Natural History" pageId="1" pageNumber="414" type="University or college">AUM</collectionCode>
39478
</accessionNumber>
,
<specimenCode box="[574,588,1645,1666]" collectionCode="AUM" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8wk2-p21y" name="Auburn University Museum of Natural History" pageId="1" pageNumber="414" type="University or college">4</specimenCode>
,
<quantity box="[597,731,1645,1666]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.695" metricValueMax="3.2299999999999995" metricValueMin="2.16" pageId="1" pageNumber="414" unit="mm" value="26.95" valueMax="32.3" valueMin="21.6">21.6-32.3 mm</quantity>
SL (1,
<quantity box="[151,235,1674,1695]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2299999999999995" pageId="1" pageNumber="414" unit="mm" value="32.3">32.3 mm</quantity>
SL)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation box="[287,790,1674,1695]" collectionCode="MCNG" country="Venezuela" pageId="1" pageNumber="414" specimenCode="MCNG 55350, 2, 22.1" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Amazonas" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCode box="[287,427,1674,1695]" collectionCode="MCNG" country="Venezuela" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/tyz9-grz8" name="Museo de Ciencias Naturales de la UNELLEZ en Guanare" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">MCNG 55350</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode box="[435,449,1674,1695]" collectionCode="MCNG" country="Venezuela" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/tyz9-grz8" name="Museo de Ciencias Naturales de la UNELLEZ en Guanare" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">2</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode box="[457,501,1674,1695]" collectionCode="MCNG" country="Venezuela" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/tyz9-grz8" name="Museo de Ciencias Naturales de la UNELLEZ en Guanare" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">22.1</specimenCode>
, 29.0 mm SL (1, 29.0 mm SL)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="414" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph blockId="1.[151,794,1734,1977]" lastBlockId="1.[831,1474,193,537]" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,267,1735,1758]" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lujan" authorityYear="2008" box="[275,447,1734,1758]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Lithoxus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="414" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jantjae">
<emphasis box="[275,447,1734,1758]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">Lithoxus jantjae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be separated from all other
<taxonomicName box="[151,242,1765,1789]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Lithoxus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="414" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[151,242,1765,1789]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">Lithoxus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having 12 branched caudal-fin rays (
<emphasis box="[660,682,1766,1789]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">vs</emphasis>
. 14); from all
<taxonomicName box="[183,274,1796,1820]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Lithoxus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="414" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[183,274,1796,1820]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">Lithoxus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
except
<taxonomicName box="[355,473,1796,1820]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Lithoxus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="414" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lithoides">
<emphasis box="[355,473,1796,1820]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">L. lithoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having four branched analfin rays (
<emphasis box="[247,269,1829,1852]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">vs</emphasis>
. five), and five interdorsal plates (
<emphasis box="[639,661,1829,1852]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">vs</emphasis>
. six to eight when adipose fin present); from all
<taxonomicName box="[511,601,1859,1883]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Lithoxus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="414" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[511,601,1859,1883]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">Lithoxus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
except
<taxonomicName box="[678,794,1859,1883]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Lithoxus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="414" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lithoides">
<emphasis box="[678,794,1859,1883]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">L. lithoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nijssen &amp; Isbrucker" authorityYear="1990" box="[194,281,1890,1914]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Lithoxus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="414" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stocki">
<emphasis box="[194,281,1890,1914]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">L. stocki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having a convex posterior membranous extension of the adipose fin (
<emphasis box="[398,420,1922,1945]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">vs</emphasis>
. adipose fin, when present, without posterior extension, posterior margin strait or concave); from all
<taxonomicName box="[864,955,193,217]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Lithoxus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="414" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[864,955,193,217]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">Lithoxus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
except
<taxonomicName box="[1037,1156,193,217]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Lithoxus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="414" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lithoides">
<emphasis box="[1037,1156,193,217]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">L. lithoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName box="[1207,1316,193,217]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Lithoxus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="414" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bovallii">
<emphasis box="[1207,1316,193,217]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">L. bovallii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having medial premaxillary teeth with an enlarged and widened cusp (
<emphasis box="[1445,1467,226,249]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">vs</emphasis>
. cusps of all premaxillary teeth similar in size, not enlarged); from all
<taxonomicName box="[919,1010,289,313]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Lithoxus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="414" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[919,1010,289,313]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">Lithoxus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
except
<taxonomicName box="[1090,1208,289,313]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Lithoxus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="414" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lithoides">
<emphasis box="[1090,1208,289,313]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">L. lithoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nijssen &amp; Isbrucker" authorityYear="1990" box="[1219,1308,289,313]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Lithoxus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="414" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stocki">
<emphasis box="[1219,1308,289,313]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">L. stocki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Muller &amp; Isbrucker" authorityYear="1993" box="[1356,1474,289,313]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Lithoxus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="414" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boujardi">
<emphasis box="[1356,1474,289,313]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">L. boujardi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having an obliquely truncate to slightly emarginate caudal fin (
<emphasis box="[874,896,354,377]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">vs</emphasis>
. caudal fin obliquely forked with a distinct upper caudal lobe); from
<taxonomicName box="[957,1076,385,409]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Lithoxus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="414" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lithoides">
<emphasis box="[957,1076,385,409]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">L. lithoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having a mode of 24 supramedian plates (
<emphasis box="[904,925,418,441]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">vs</emphasis>
. mode of 25) and a mode of 18 (range 16-25) hypertrophied cheek odontodes (
<emphasis box="[1086,1108,450,473]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">vs</emphasis>
. mode of 12, range five to 21); and from
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boeseman" authorityYear="1982" box="[891,1098,481,505]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Lithoxus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="414" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pallidimaculatus">
<emphasis box="[891,1098,481,505]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">L. pallidimaculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boeseman" authorityYear="1982" box="[1154,1323,482,505]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Lithoxus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="414" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="surinamensis">
<emphasis box="[1154,1323,482,505]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">L. surinamensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having an adipose fin (
<emphasis box="[963,985,514,537]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">vs</emphasis>
. adipose fin absent).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="415" pageId="1" pageNumber="414" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="1.[831,1475,578,1977]" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[831,965,578,601]" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">Description.</emphasis>
Morphometrics in
<tableCitation box="[1159,1234,578,601]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="3.[153,216,194,217]" captionText="Table 1. Morphometric data for Lithoxus jantjae andL. lithoides. Landmarks are as illustrated in Armbruster (2003)." pageId="1" pageNumber="414">Table 1</tableCitation>
. Largest specimen
<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.84" pageId="1" pageNumber="414" unit="mm" value="38.4">38.4 mm</quantity>
SL. Body dorsoventrally depressed; dorsal profile strongly convex from anterior tip of upper lip to nares, distinctly curved near snout tip; slightly convex from nares to dorsal-fin origin; nearly straight from latter point to adipose-fin origin and distinctly concave from latter point to caudal fin. Ventral profile somewhat straight from snout tip to caudal fin. Ventral profile flat to caudal fin. Caudal peduncle approximately triangular in cross section, with dorsal surface and ventrolateral corners rounded. Body widest at insertion of pectoral fins, narrowest at insertion of caudal fin. Snout rounded in dorsal view.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="1.[831,1475,578,1977]" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">Eyes small, iris operculum absent. Interorbital surface flat with modest lateral rise at supraorbital crests. Supraoccipital not elevated. Odontodes along lateral margin of opercle enlarged.</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="1.[831,1475,578,1977]" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">Oral disk occupying entire ventral surface of head. Ventral surface of disk covered with low, wide papillae; margin of disk fringed with low triangular papillae. Maxillary barbel short and projecting laterally or somewhat anterolaterally from anterolateral corners of upper lip.</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="1.[831,1475,578,1977]" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">Median plates 24-25 (mode 24). Plates not keeled. Five caudal peduncle plate rows. Five interdorsal plates. Ventrum from anteroventral margin of snout to anus without plates. Evertible cheek plates supporting hypertrophied odontodes; odontodes evertible to approximately 90º from longitudinal body axis. Hypertrophied cheek odontodes 16-25 (mode 18). Longest evertible cheek odontode extending slightly beyond anterior margin of cleithrum. Enlarged odontodes also present along anterodorsal surface of pectoral-fin spine, increasing in length distally.</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="1.[831,1475,578,1977]" lastBlockId="2.[158,801,1540,1819]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="415" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">Dorsal fin II,7; dorsal-fin spinelet V-shaped, dorsal-fin locking mechanism present, dorsal-fin origin approximately equidistant from snout and insertion of dorsal spine of caudal fin, dorsal fin not contacting adipose spine when adpressed. Adipose fin with single azygous preadipose plate, adiposefin membrane extending posteriorly beyond adipose-fin spine as a free flap with convex posterior margin. Caudal fin I,12,I; caudal fin obliquely truncate to slightly emarginate, lower lobe longer than upper, dorsal procurrent caudal rays four, ventral procurrent caudal rays three. Pectoral fin I,6; pectoralfin spine reaching slightly beyond base of pelvic-fin spine when adpressed dorsal to pelvic fin. Pelvic fin I,5; pelvic-fin spine reaching slightly beyond base of anal fin when adpressed. Fin rays of dorsal, caudal, pectoral and pelvic fins extending beyond fin membranes to form fimbriate posterior margins.Anal fin i,4. Anal papilla distinct.</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5419824" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5419824" box="[158,1482,1477,1501]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5419824/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="415" startId="2.[158,195,1478,1501]" targetBox="[366,1273,190,1460]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph blockId="2.[158,1482,1477,1501]" box="[158,1482,1477,1501]" pageId="2" pageNumber="415">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[158,224,1478,1501]" pageId="2" pageNumber="415">Fig. 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lujan" authorityYear="2008" box="[228,389,1477,1501]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Lithoxus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="415" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jantjae">
<emphasis box="[228,389,1477,1501]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="415">Lithoxus jantjae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, holotype, MCNG 55349, 38.4 mm SL, Venezuela,Amazonas State, Ventuari River upstream of Tencua Falls.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="2.[158,801,1540,1819]" pageId="2" pageNumber="415">Teeth bicuspid with deep division between cusps; two to five left premaxillary teeth (mode five), four to eight left dentary teeth (mode five); premaxillary tooth cusps increasing in size from lateralmost tooth to medialmost tooth with medialmost tooth cusp two to four times as large as lateralmost tooth cusp, lateralmost premaxillary tooth cusps similar in size to dentary tooth cusps.</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="2.[158,801,1860,1979]" lastBlockId="2.[839,1481,1540,1627]" pageId="2" pageNumber="415">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[158,346,1860,1883]" pageId="2" pageNumber="415">Color in alcohol.</emphasis>
Dorsum consisting of dark brown mottling on light brown to yellow base; mottling concentrated to form four indistinct saddles in most but not all specimens; pattern extends onto rays and spines of all but the anal fin; fin membranes transparent; plates of snout accentuated by dark center with lighter edges. Ventrum including oral disk uniformly light yellow to sand-colored.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="415" type="distribution">
<paragraph blockId="2.[839,1481,1668,1787]" pageId="2" pageNumber="415">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[839,987,1668,1691]" pageId="2" pageNumber="415">Distribution.</emphasis>
Known only from rapids that extend for a few hundred meters upstream of Tencua Falls, the first major faunal barrier in the Ventuari River (pers. obs.), a right bank tributary of the upper Orinoco in
<collectingRegion box="[1089,1264,1764,1787]" country="Venezuela" name="Amazonas" pageId="2" pageNumber="415">Amazonas State</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry box="[1273,1384,1764,1787]" name="Venezuela" pageId="2" pageNumber="415">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation box="[1397,1462,1764,1787]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[162,201,1249,1272]" captionTargetBox="[165,804,555,1215]" captionTargetId="figure-422@4.[161,804,554,1219]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 2. Distribution of Lithoxus jantjae (filled circle) and L. lithoides (open circles), the geographically closest described species of Lithoxus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5419826" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5419826/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="415">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="415" type="etymology">
<paragraph blockId="2.[839,1482,1828,1979]" pageId="2" pageNumber="415">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[839,977,1828,1851]" pageId="2" pageNumber="415">Etymology.</emphasis>
Matronym honoring the author’s mother, nicknamed Jantje prior to her emigration from
<collectingCountry box="[1313,1477,1860,1883]" name="Netherlands" pageId="2" pageNumber="415">the Netherlands</collectingCountry>
, in deep appreciation for her hard work and material and emotional encouragement that promoted his professional development and made this research possible. Pronounced yäntchi.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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