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<emphasis id="B921EAA96476C36DFF0AF9596A594B04" bold="true" box="[151,272,1769,1796]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="469">Haliclona</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B921EAA96476C36DFE0FF9596ABB4B04" bold="true" box="[402,498,1769,1796]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="469">tubifera</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B4A6476C36DFD9FF959686E4B03" author="George, W. C. &amp; Wilson, H. V. P." box="[514,807,1769,1795]" pageId="26" pageNumber="469" pagination="129 - 179" refId="ref22436" refString="George, W. C. &amp; Wilson, H. V. P. (1919) Sponges of Beaufort (NC) Harbor and vicinity. Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries, 36, 129 - 179." type="journal article" year="1919">George &amp; Wilson, 1919</bibRefCitation>
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(
<tableCitation id="C6D703006476C36DFF3CF8BD6A4D4B28" box="[161,260,1805,1832]" captionStart-0="TABLE 1" captionStart-1="TABLE 2" captionStartId-0="5.[150,238,469,495]" captionStartId-1="10.[151,239,151,175]" captionText-0="TABLE 1. Checklist of sponges (Porifera) from Costa do Descobrimento (Bahia, Brazil). Species in the present study and previous intertidal records (in bold), consulted in: 1Hajdu et al. (2011), 2Cavalcante et al. (2014) and 3Oliveira et al. (2015). Some species are kept together in the collection MNRJ and have the same code." captionText-1="TABLE 2. Local distribution of intertidal sponge species collected on reefs of Costa do Descobrimento (Bahia, Brazil) in the present study. AA, Arraial D’Ajuda; CVM, Coroa Vermelha/Mutá; RF, Parque Nacional Marinho—P.M.M. Recife de Fora; CA, P.M.M. Coroa Alta." pageId="26" pageNumber="469">Tab. 1–2</tableCitation>
, 
<tableCitation id="C6D703006476C36DFE8DF8BE6A694B28" box="[272,288,1806,1832]" captionStart="TABLE 9" captionStartId="29.[150,238,614,640]" captionTargetBox="[165,1998,691,1574]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="TABLE 9. Haliclona (Reniera) tubifera (George &amp; Wilson, 1919): comparative data on morphology, spicules and known distribution. Spicule measurements in micrometers (µm) are presented as minimum–average–maximum (or minimum–maximum) of length x thickness. Data not reported are represented as n.r." pageId="26" pageNumber="469">9</tableCitation>
; 
<figureCitation id="136E2A3E6476C36DFEB0F8BD6AF84B28" box="[301,433,1805,1832]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1861,1885]" captionTargetBox="[150,1438,181,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-44@28.[150,1438,181,1837]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 12. Haliclona (Reniera) tubifera (George &amp; Wilson, 1919), MNRJ 22235: A, specimen in life, with arrow pointing to an oscule; B, another specimen (MNRJ 21160) in life; C, longitudinal section of the surface showing an iso- to subisodictyal reticulation in the ectosomal region; D, transverse section showing an irregular iso- to subisodictyal reticulation and rounded channels in the choanosomal region; E, oxeas." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10268744" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10268744/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="469">Fig. 12A–E</figureCitation>
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<taxonomicName id="4C554D386476C36DFE88F8FD69824B65" authority=", George &amp; Wilson (1919)" authorityName="George &amp; Wilson" authorityYear="1919" box="[277,715,1869,1893]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Reniera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="26" pageNumber="469" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tubifera">
<emphasis id="B921EAA96476C36DFE88F8FD6AF54B65" box="[277,444,1869,1893]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="469">Reniera tubifera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C554D386476C36DFD48F8FD6F0A4B64" authority=", Hechtel (1965)" authorityName="Hechtel" authorityYear="1965" box="[725,1091,1868,1893]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="26" pageNumber="469" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="hogarthi">
<emphasis id="B921EAA96476C36DFD48F8FD68D04B65" box="[725,921,1869,1893]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="469">Haliclona hogarthi</emphasis>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B4A6476C36DFC3BF8FD6F0A4B64" author="Hechtel, G. J." box="[934,1091,1868,1893]" pageId="26" pageNumber="469" pagination="1 - 103" refId="ref23075" refString="Hechtel, G. J. (1965) A systematic study of the Demospongiae of Port Royal, Jamaica. Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History, 20, 1 - 103." type="journal article" year="1965">Hechtel (1965)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Detailed synonymy in 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B4A6476C36DFAA8F8FD6A444B83" author="de Weerdt, W. H." pageId="26" pageNumber="469" pagination="1 - 67" refId="ref21456" refString="de Weerdt, W. H. (2000) A monograph of the shallow-water Chalinidae (Porifera, Haplosclerida) of the Caribbean. Beaufortia, 50, 1, 1 - 67." type="journal article" year="2000">de Weerdt (2000)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34F65306476C36CFF0AF81C69484CF9" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="470" pageId="26" pageNumber="469" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BEA36BB6476C36CFF0AF81C69484CF9" blockId="26.[151,1436,1964,2029]" lastBlockId="27.[151,1437,150,1113]" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="470" pageId="26" pageNumber="469">
<emphasis id="B921EAA96476C36DFF0AF81C6A2D4BC6" bold="true" box="[151,356,1964,1990]" pageId="26" pageNumber="469">Studied material.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B3D3CE66476C36DFEF7F81D69244BEA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4099089306" collectingDate="2019-03-25" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" latitude="-16.234266" location="Brazil" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-38.9542" pageId="26" pageNumber="469" specimenCode="MNRJ 20562" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode id="DBF39EC06476C36DFEF7F81D694A4BC7" box="[362,515,1964,1991]" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="26" pageNumber="469">MNRJ 20562</specimenCode>
, 
<collectorName id="26A0536D6476C36DFD91F81D69944BC6" box="[524,733,1964,1991]" pageId="26" pageNumber="469">P.M.M. Coroa Alta</collectorName>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE61507C6476C36DFD77F81E68354BC6" box="[746,892,1964,1993]" degrees="16" direction="south" minutes="14.056" orientation="latitude" pageId="26" pageNumber="469" precision="1" value="-16.234266">16°14.056′ S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE61507C6476C36DFC1AF81E6F684BC7" box="[903,1057,1965,1993]" degrees="38" direction="west" minutes="57.252" orientation="longitude" pageId="26" pageNumber="469" precision="1" value="-38.9542">38°57.252′ W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<collectorName id="26A0536D6476C36DFBB7F81C6E774BC6" box="[1066,1342,1964,1990]" pageId="26" pageNumber="469">Santa Cruz Cabrália, BA</collectorName>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F342762B6476C36DFADAF81C6ED94BC6" box="[1351,1424,1964,1990]" name="Brazil" pageId="26" pageNumber="469">Brazil</collectingCountry>
), intertidal, coll. 
<collectorName id="26A0536D6476C36DFEDFF8606AEF4BEB" box="[322,422,2000,2027]" pageId="26" pageNumber="469">Leite, D.</collectorName>
, 
<date id="FFEB107B6476C36DFE2FF86069244BEA" box="[434,621,2000,2027]" pageId="26" pageNumber="469" value="2019-03-25">
<collectingDate id="EFAFE9936476C36DFE2FF86069244BEA" box="[434,621,2000,2027]" pageId="26" pageNumber="469" value="2019-03-25">
25 
<superScript id="7C209BF36476C36DFE53F8606A924BDE" attach="left" box="[462,475,2000,2014]" fontSize="6" pageId="26" pageNumber="469">th</superScript>
March 2019
</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B3D3CE66476C36CFDE5F8616FBB4CB1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4099089303" collectingDate="2019-04-19" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="470" latitude="-16.48455" location="Praia dos Pescadores" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-39.06665" municipality="Arraial D'Ajuda" pageId="26" pageNumber="469" specimenCode="MNRJ 21160" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode id="DBF39EC06476C36DFDE5F861685B4BEA" box="[632,786,2000,2027]" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="26" pageNumber="469">MNRJ 21160</specimenCode>
, 
<location id="8E8A60606476C36DFC80F8606F4E4BEA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FC87AD6476C36CFF0AF95968D84859:8E8A60606476C36DFC80F8606F4E4BEA" box="[797,1031,2000,2026]" country="Brazil" latitude="-16.48455" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-39.06665" municipality="Arraial D'Ajuda" name="Praia dos Pescadores" pageId="26" pageNumber="469">Praia dos Pescadores</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE61507C6476C36DFB8BF8626FE34BEA" box="[1046,1194,2000,2029]" degrees="16" direction="south" minutes="29.073" orientation="latitude" pageId="26" pageNumber="469" precision="1" value="-16.48455">16°29.073′ S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE61507C6476C36DFB2BF8626E0D4BEB" box="[1206,1348,2001,2029]" degrees="39" direction="west" minutes="3.999" orientation="longitude" pageId="26" pageNumber="469" precision="1" value="-39.06665">39°3.999′ W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6B8EACC16476C36CFAD0F8606BB54CB1" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="470" pageId="26" pageNumber="469">Arraial D’Ajuda</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<collectorName id="26A0536D6477C36CFE9AFF276A9B4CB1" box="[263,466,151,177]" pageId="27" pageNumber="470">Porto Seguro, BA</collectorName>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F342762B6477C36CFE40FF27696F4CB1" box="[477,550,151,177]" name="Brazil" pageId="27" pageNumber="470">Brazil</collectingCountry>
), intertidal, coll. 
<collectorName id="26A0536D6477C36CFD79FF2768C04CB1" box="[740,905,151,177]" pageId="27" pageNumber="470">Fioravanso, A.</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="26A0536D6477C36CFC30FF276F734CB1" box="[941,1082,151,177]" pageId="27" pageNumber="470">Gastaldi, M.</collectorName>
, 
<date id="FFEB107B6477C36CFBDBFF276FBB4CB1" box="[1094,1266,150,177]" pageId="27" pageNumber="470" value="2019-04-19">
<collectingDate id="EFAFE9936477C36CFBDBFF276FBB4CB1" box="[1094,1266,150,177]" pageId="27" pageNumber="470" value="2019-04-19">
19 
<superScript id="7C209BF36477C36CFBFFFF266F264CA4" attach="left" box="[1122,1135,150,164]" fontSize="6" pageId="27" pageNumber="470">th</superScript>
April 2019
</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B3D3CE66477C36CFB60FF276AB44CF9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4099089313" collectingDate="2019-04-22" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" latitude="-16.22" location="Brazil" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-38.950634" pageId="27" pageNumber="470" specimenCode="MNRJ 22235" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode id="DBF39EC06477C36CFB60FF276ED14CB1" box="[1277,1432,150,177]" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="27" pageNumber="470">MNRJ 22235</specimenCode>
, 
<collectorName id="26A0536D6477C36CFF0AFF0B6A244CD5" box="[151,365,187,213]" pageId="27" pageNumber="470">P.M.M. Coroa Alta</collectorName>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE61507C6477C36CFEE0FF0C69584CD5" box="[381,529,187,215]" degrees="16" direction="south" minutes="13.200" orientation="latitude" pageId="27" pageNumber="470" precision="1" value="-16.22">16°13.200′ S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE61507C6477C36CFD82FF0C69F24CD5" box="[543,699,187,215]" degrees="38" direction="west" minutes="57.038" orientation="longitude" pageId="27" pageNumber="470" precision="1" value="-38.950634">38°57.038′ W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<collectorName id="26A0536D6477C36CFD5AFF0B68AA4CD5" box="[711,995,187,213]" pageId="27" pageNumber="470">Santa Cruz Cabrália, BA</collectorName>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F342762B6477C36CFC73FF0B6F7E4CD5" box="[1006,1079,187,213]" name="Brazil" pageId="27" pageNumber="470">Brazil</collectingCountry>
), intertidal, coll. 
<collectorName id="26A0536D6477C36CFB6AFF0B6ED54CD5" box="[1271,1436,187,213]" pageId="27" pageNumber="470">Fioravanso, A.</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="26A0536D6477C36CFF29FF6F6A084CF9" box="[180,321,223,249]" pageId="27" pageNumber="470">Gastaldi, M.</collectorName>
, 
<date id="FFEB107B6477C36CFED0FF6F6AB44CF9" box="[333,509,222,249]" pageId="27" pageNumber="470" value="2019-04-22">
<collectingDate id="EFAFE9936477C36CFED0FF6F6AB44CF9" box="[333,509,222,249]" pageId="27" pageNumber="470" value="2019-04-22">
22 
<superScript id="7C209BF36477C36CFEF4FF6E6A304CEC" attach="left" box="[361,377,222,236]" fontSize="6" pageId="27" pageNumber="470">nd</superScript>
April 2019
</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34F65306477C36CFF5AFEB26A2C4EA9" pageId="27" pageNumber="470" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BEA36BB6477C36CFF5AFEB2694E4DD1" blockId="27.[151,1437,150,1113]" pageId="27" pageNumber="470">
<emphasis id="B921EAA96477C36CFF5AFEB26A104D1C" bold="true" box="[199,345,258,284]" pageId="27" pageNumber="470">Description.</emphasis>
Thinly to thickly encrusting, ca. 
<quantity id="4CAD9B5E6477C36CFD7DFEB368534D1D" box="[736,794,259,285]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="470" unit="cm" value="3.0">3 cm</quantity>
maximum diameter, sometimes like a tubular structure laying parallel to the substrate, ending in a circular oscule (
<quantity id="4CAD9B5E6477C36CFCBDFE9768294D41" box="[800,864,295,321]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="470" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
in diameter), or bearing short lobate or volcaniform projections (&lt;
<quantity id="4CAD9B5E6477C36CFEA2FEFB6A3E4D65" box="[319,375,331,357]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="470" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
high) also topped by oscula. Fistular projections as a repeating extension or as a free biphid digitiform one were seen in 
<specimenCount id="9D53FD326477C36CFE42FEDF69C14D89" box="[479,648,367,393]" pageId="27" pageNumber="470" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
(MNRJ 22235 and 21160, respectively). Surface visually rough and punctate. Consistency compressible and soft. Color 
<emphasis id="B921EAA96477C36CFD42FE2368624DAC" box="[735,811,403,428]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="470">in vivo</emphasis>
varies from yellowish-beige to light-purple; light beige in fixative (
<tableCitation id="C6D703006477C36CFE87FE076A284DD1" box="[282,353,439,465]" captionStart="TABLE 9" captionStartId="29.[150,238,614,640]" captionTargetBox="[165,1998,691,1574]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="TABLE 9. Haliclona (Reniera) tubifera (George &amp; Wilson, 1919): comparative data on morphology, spicules and known distribution. Spicule measurements in micrometers (µm) are presented as minimum–average–maximum (or minimum–maximum) of length x thickness. Data not reported are represented as n.r." pageId="27" pageNumber="470">Tab. 9</tableCitation>
; 
<figureCitation id="136E2A3E6477C36CFEF3FE076AB64DD1" box="[366,511,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1861,1885]" captionTargetBox="[150,1438,181,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-44@28.[150,1438,181,1837]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 12. Haliclona (Reniera) tubifera (George &amp; Wilson, 1919), MNRJ 22235: A, specimen in life, with arrow pointing to an oscule; B, another specimen (MNRJ 21160) in life; C, longitudinal section of the surface showing an iso- to subisodictyal reticulation in the ectosomal region; D, transverse section showing an irregular iso- to subisodictyal reticulation and rounded channels in the choanosomal region; E, oxeas." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10268744" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10268744/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="470">Figs. 12A–B</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEA36BB6477C36CFF5AFE6A6F284E61" blockId="27.[151,1437,150,1113]" pageId="27" pageNumber="470">
<emphasis id="B921EAA96477C36CFF5AFE6A6A7C4DF4" bold="true" box="[199,309,474,500]" pageId="27" pageNumber="470">Skeleton.</emphasis>
Ectosomal skeleton renieroid, from a strictly unispicular to an isotropic reticulation, with variable amounts of spongin. Choanosomal architecture a unispicular, isotropic reticulation, similar to the ectosome, but with loose round meshes; reminiscent of the 
<emphasis id="B921EAA96477C36CFD1EFD9369D64E3C" box="[643,671,547,572]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="470">H.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B921EAA96477C36CFD33FD93685A4E3D" box="[686,787,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="470">Soestella</emphasis>
) pattern. Spongin more frequently in the choanosome than the ectosome. Sediment present in low amounts in the choanosome too (
<figureCitation id="136E2A3E6477C36CFC5CFDF76F1F4E61" box="[961,1110,583,609]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1861,1885]" captionTargetBox="[150,1438,181,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-44@28.[150,1438,181,1837]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 12. Haliclona (Reniera) tubifera (George &amp; Wilson, 1919), MNRJ 22235: A, specimen in life, with arrow pointing to an oscule; B, another specimen (MNRJ 21160) in life; C, longitudinal section of the surface showing an iso- to subisodictyal reticulation in the ectosomal region; D, transverse section showing an irregular iso- to subisodictyal reticulation and rounded channels in the choanosomal region; E, oxeas." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10268744" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10268744/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="470">Figs. 12C–D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEA36BB6477C36CFF5AFDDA6A2C4EA9" blockId="27.[151,1437,150,1113]" pageId="27" pageNumber="470">
<emphasis id="B921EAA96477C36CFF5AFDDA6A794E84" bold="true" box="[199,304,618,644]" pageId="27" pageNumber="470">Spicules.</emphasis>
Megascleres only (
<figureCitation id="136E2A3E6477C36CFD9AFDDB69254E85" box="[519,620,619,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1861,1885]" captionTargetBox="[150,1438,181,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-44@28.[150,1438,181,1837]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 12. Haliclona (Reniera) tubifera (George &amp; Wilson, 1919), MNRJ 22235: A, specimen in life, with arrow pointing to an oscule; B, another specimen (MNRJ 21160) in life; C, longitudinal section of the surface showing an iso- to subisodictyal reticulation in the ectosomal region; D, transverse section showing an irregular iso- to subisodictyal reticulation and rounded channels in the choanosomal region; E, oxeas." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10268744" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10268744/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="470">Fig. 12E</figureCitation>
): oxeas, stout, with conical, mucronate or rounded points, 101‒139.6‒147 x 1.5‒4.8‒8.2 µm.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34F65306477C36CFF5AFD036E294EF1" pageId="27" pageNumber="470" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BEA36BB6477C36CFF5AFD036E294EF1" blockId="27.[151,1437,150,1113]" pageId="27" pageNumber="470">
<emphasis id="B921EAA96477C36CFF5AFD036A654ECD" bold="true" box="[199,300,691,717]" pageId="27" pageNumber="470">Ecology.</emphasis>
Sciophilous, under calcareous substrate in the intertidal, growing in direct contact with 
<taxonomicName id="4C554D386477C36CFA86FD0369F04EF1" authority="Santos, Da Silva, Alliz &amp; Pinheiro, 2014" authorityName="Santos, Da Silva, Alliz &amp; Pinheiro" authorityYear="2014" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Cladocroce" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="27" pageNumber="470" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="caelum">
<emphasis id="B921EAA96477C36CFA86FD036BA14EF1" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="470">Cladocroce caelum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B4A6477C36CFF72FD6769F04EF1" author="Santos, G. G. &amp; da Silva, L. P. &amp; Alliz, A. &amp; Pinheiro, U." box="[239,697,727,753]" pageId="27" pageNumber="470" pagination="297 - 300" refId="ref26930" refString="Santos, G. G., da Silva, L. P., Alliz, A. &amp; Pinheiro, U. (2014) Cladocroce caelum sp. nov. from the Brazilian coast; first record of the genus in the South Atlantic. Zootaxa, 3847 (2), 297 - 300. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3847.2.10" type="journal article" year="2014">Santos, Da Silva, Alliz &amp; Pinheiro, 2014</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, near additional sponges and diverse filamentous organisms.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34F65306477C36CFF5AFD4A6FDB4FA5" pageId="27" pageNumber="470" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BEA36BB6477C36CFF5AFD4A6FDB4FA5" blockId="27.[151,1437,150,1113]" pageId="27" pageNumber="470">
<emphasis id="B921EAA96477C36CFF5AFD4A6A284F14" bold="true" box="[199,353,762,788]" pageId="27" pageNumber="470">Distribution.</emphasis>
Previously Virginian (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B4A6477C36CFDC1FD4B682C4F15" author="George, W. C. &amp; Wilson, H. V. P." box="[604,869,763,789]" pageId="27" pageNumber="470" pagination="129 - 179" refId="ref22436" refString="George, W. C. &amp; Wilson, H. V. P. (1919) Sponges of Beaufort (NC) Harbor and vicinity. Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries, 36, 129 - 179." type="journal article" year="1919">George &amp; Wilson 1919</bibRefCitation>
), the Greater Caribbean (Florida— 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B4A6477C36CFB71FD4B6ED14F15" author="van Soest, R. W. M." box="[1260,1432,763,789]" pageId="27" pageNumber="470" pagination="1 - 173" refId="ref28460" refString="van Soest, R. W. M. (1980) Marine sponges from Curacao and other Caribbean localities. Part II. Haplosclerida. In: Hummelinck, P. W. &amp; van der Steen, L. J. (Eds.), Uitgaven van de Natuurwetenschappelijke Studiekring voor Suriname en de Nederlandse Antillen. No. 104. Studies on the Fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands, 62, 191, 1 - 173." type="journal article" year="1980">van Soest 1980</bibRefCitation>
. Greater Antilles— 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B4A6477C36CFEF9FCAF69004F39" author="Pulitzer-Finali, G." box="[356,585,799,825]" pageId="27" pageNumber="470" pagination="65 - 216" refId="ref26169" refString="Pulitzer-Finali, G. (1986) A collection of West Indian Demospongiae (Porifera). In appendix, a list of the Demospongiae hitherto recorded from the West Indies. Annali del Museo civico di storia naturale Giacomo Doria, 86, 65 - 216." type="journal article" year="1986">Pulitzer-Finali 1986</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B4A6477C36CFDC8FCAF68404F39" author="de Weerdt, W. H." box="[597,777,799,825]" pageId="27" pageNumber="470" pagination="1 - 67" refId="ref21456" refString="de Weerdt, W. H. (2000) A monograph of the shallow-water Chalinidae (Porifera, Haplosclerida) of the Caribbean. Beaufortia, 50, 1, 1 - 67." type="journal article" year="2000">de Weerdt 2000</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B4A6477C36CFC8EFCAF68F44F39" author="Alcolado, P. M." box="[787,957,799,825]" pageId="27" pageNumber="470" pagination="243 - 253" refId="ref19212" refString="Alcolado, P. M. (2007) Comunidades de esponjas de manglares de Cuba. In: Carrera, L. M. &amp; Guzman, J. M. (Eds.), Ecosistemas de manglar en el archipelago cubano. Academia de Cuba, La Habana, pp. 243 - 253." type="book chapter" year="2007">Alcolado 2007</bibRefCitation>
. Eastern Carib.— 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B4A6477C36CFB1EFCAF6E714F39" author="de Weerdt, W. H." box="[1155,1336,799,825]" pageId="27" pageNumber="470" pagination="1 - 67" refId="ref21456" refString="de Weerdt, W. H. (2000) A monograph of the shallow-water Chalinidae (Porifera, Haplosclerida) of the Caribbean. Beaufortia, 50, 1, 1 - 67." type="journal article" year="2000">de Weerdt 2000</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B4A6477C36CFADEFCAF6BBE4F5D" author="Perez, T. &amp; Diaz, M. C. &amp; Ruiz, C. &amp; Condor-Lujan, B. &amp; Klautau, M. &amp; Hajdu, E. &amp; Lobo-Hajdu, G. &amp; Zea, S. &amp; Pomponi, S. A. &amp; Thacker, R. W. &amp; Carteron, S. &amp; Tollu, G. &amp; Pouget-Cuvelier, A. &amp; Thelamon, P. &amp; Marechal, J. - P. &amp; Thomas, O. P. &amp; Ereskovsky, A. E. &amp; Vacelet, J. &amp; Boury-Esnault, N." pageId="27" pageNumber="470" pagination="1 - 27" refId="ref25731" refString="Perez, T., Diaz, M. C., Ruiz, C., Condor-Lujan, B., Klautau, M., Hajdu, E., Lobo-Hajdu, G., Zea, S., Pomponi, S. A., Thacker, R. W., Carteron, S., Tollu, G., Pouget-Cuvelier, A., Thelamon, P., Marechal, J. - P., Thomas, O. P., Ereskovsky, A. E., Vacelet, J. &amp; Boury-Esnault, N. (2017) How a collaborative integrated taxonomic effort has trained new spongiologists and improved knowledge of Martinique Island (French Antilles, eastern Caribbean Sea) marine biodiversity. Plos One, e 0173859, 12 (3), 1 - 27. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0173859" type="journal article" year="2017">
Pérez 
<emphasis id="B921EAA96477C36CFA15FCAF6BFD4F5D" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="470">et al.</emphasis>
2017
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. Western Carib.— 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B4A6477C36CFE58FCF369334F5D" author="de Weerdt, W. H." box="[453,634,835,861]" pageId="27" pageNumber="470" pagination="1 - 67" refId="ref21456" refString="de Weerdt, W. H. (2000) A monograph of the shallow-water Chalinidae (Porifera, Haplosclerida) of the Caribbean. Beaufortia, 50, 1, 1 - 67." type="journal article" year="2000">de Weerdt 2000</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B4A6477C36CFD1BFCF468154F5D" author="Rtzler, K. &amp; Diaz, M. C. &amp; van Soest, R. W. M. &amp; Zea, S. &amp; Smith, K. P. &amp; Alvarez, B. &amp; Wulff, J." box="[646,860,835,863]" pageId="27" pageNumber="470" pagination="230 - 248" refId="ref26604" refString="Rtzler, K., Diaz, M. C., van Soest, R. W. M., Zea, S., Smith, K. P., Alvarez, B. &amp; Wulff, J. (2000) Diversity of sponge fauna in mangrove ponds, Pelican Cays, Belize. Atoll Research Bulletin, 476, 230 - 248. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00775630.467.229" type="journal article" year="2000">
Ŗtzler 
<emphasis id="B921EAA96477C36CFD7DFCF368584F5D" box="[736,785,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="470">et al</emphasis>
. 2000
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; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B4A6477C36CFCFAFCF36F564F5D" author="Diaz, M. C. &amp; Smith, K. P. &amp; Rtzler, K." box="[871,1055,835,861]" pageId="27" pageNumber="470" pagination="1 - 17" refId="ref21655" refString="Diaz, M. C., Smith, K. P. &amp; Rtzler, K. (2004) Sponge species richness and abundance as indicators of mangrove epibenthic community health. Atoll Research Bulletin, 518, 1 - 17. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00775630.518.1" type="journal article" year="2004">
Díaz 
<emphasis id="B921EAA96477C36CFC3EFCF368954F5D" box="[931,988,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="470">et al.</emphasis>
2004
</bibRefCitation>
. Southwestern Carib.— 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B4A6477C36CFAB6FCF36EDE4F5D" author="Zea, S." box="[1323,1431,835,861]" pageId="27" pageNumber="470" refId="ref29428" refString="Zea, S. (1987) Esponjas del Caribe Colombiano. Catalogo Cientifico, Bogota, 286 pp." type="book" year="1987">Zea 1987</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B4A6477C36CFF0AFCD76A194F81" author="de Weerdt, W. H." box="[151,336,871,897]" pageId="27" pageNumber="470" pagination="1 - 67" refId="ref21456" refString="de Weerdt, W. H. (2000) A monograph of the shallow-water Chalinidae (Porifera, Haplosclerida) of the Caribbean. Beaufortia, 50, 1, 1 - 67." type="journal article" year="2000">de Weerdt 2000</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B4A6477C36CFEC0FCD76A9E4F81" author="Diaz, M. C." box="[349,471,870,897]" pageId="27" pageNumber="470" pagination="465 - 475" refId="ref21551" refString="Diaz, M. C. (2005) Common sponges from shallow marine habitats from Bocas del Toro region, Panama. Caribbean Journal of Science, 41, 465 - 475." type="journal article" year="2005">Díaz 2005</bibRefCitation>
. Southern Carib.— 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B4A6477C36CFD2FFCD768384F81" author="Sutherland, J. P." box="[690,881,871,897]" pageId="27" pageNumber="470" pagination="75 - 84" refId="ref27635" refString="Sutherland, J. P. (1980) Dynamics of the Epibenthic Community on Roots of the Mangrove Rhizophora mangle, at Bahia de Buche, Venezuela. Marine Biology, 58, 75 - 84. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 00386882" type="journal article" year="1980">Sutherland 1980</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B4A6477C36CFCE2FCD76F714F81" author="de Weerdt, W. H." box="[895,1080,871,897]" pageId="27" pageNumber="470" pagination="1 - 67" refId="ref21456" refString="de Weerdt, W. H. (2000) A monograph of the shallow-water Chalinidae (Porifera, Haplosclerida) of the Caribbean. Beaufortia, 50, 1, 1 - 67." type="journal article" year="2000">de Weerdt 2000</bibRefCitation>
), Northern Gulf of Mexico (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B4A6477C36CFA1DFCD76A624FA5" author="de Weerdt, W. H." pageId="27" pageNumber="470" pagination="1 - 67" refId="ref21456" refString="de Weerdt, W. H. (2000) A monograph of the shallow-water Chalinidae (Porifera, Haplosclerida) of the Caribbean. Beaufortia, 50, 1, 1 - 67." type="journal article" year="2000">de Weerdt 2000</bibRefCitation>
). New record—Southwestern Atlantic (Costa do Descobrimento, BA, 
<collectingCountry id="F342762B6477C36CFBA0FC3B6FCF4FA5" box="[1085,1158,907,933]" name="Brazil" pageId="27" pageNumber="470">Brazil</collectingCountry>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34F65306477C36CFF5AFC1F68D84859" pageId="27" pageNumber="470" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BEA36BB6477C36CFF5AFC1F68D84859" blockId="27.[151,1437,150,1113]" pageId="27" pageNumber="470">
<emphasis id="B921EAA96477C36CFF5AFC1F6A724FC9" bold="true" box="[199,315,943,969]" pageId="27" pageNumber="470">Remarks.</emphasis>
This species had been recorded from southern 
<collectingCountry id="F342762B6477C36CFCCAFC1F68D24FC9" box="[855,923,943,969]" name="Brazil" pageId="27" pageNumber="470">Brazil</collectingCountry>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B4A6477C36CFC54FC1F6F214FC9" author="Lerner, C. B." box="[969,1128,943,969]" pageId="27" pageNumber="470" pagination="101 - 129" refId="ref23915" refString="Lerner, C. B. (1996) Esponjas da Ilha da Gale, Reserva Marinha Biologica do Arvoredo, Santa Catarina, Brasil (Porifera; Demospongiae). Biociencias, 4 (2), 101 - 129." type="journal article" year="1996">Lerner (1996)</bibRefCitation>
, but this identification was questioned by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B4A6477C36CFEA1FC63694B4FED" author="de Weerdt, W. H." box="[316,514,979,1005]" pageId="27" pageNumber="470" pagination="1 - 67" refId="ref21456" refString="de Weerdt, W. H. (2000) A monograph of the shallow-water Chalinidae (Porifera, Haplosclerida) of the Caribbean. Beaufortia, 50, 1, 1 - 67." type="journal article" year="2000">de Weerdt (2000)</bibRefCitation>
, who suggested the record should be classified in 
<emphasis id="B921EAA96477C36CFBA5FC636F1A4FEC" box="[1080,1107,979,1004]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="470">H.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B921EAA96477C36CFBF9FC636FB54FED" box="[1124,1276,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="470">Halichoclona</emphasis>
) instead. This record was reviewed in 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B4A6477C36CFE32FC47690E4811" author="Bispo, A." box="[431,583,1015,1041]" pageId="27" pageNumber="470" refId="ref19679" refString="Bispo, A. (2019) Integrative systematics of Haplosclerida (Callyspongiidae, Chalinidae and Niphatidae) from Brazil. PhD thesis. Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 263 pp." type="book" year="2019">Bispo (2019)</bibRefCitation>
, who considered 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B4A6477C36CFC8EFC4768FA4811" author="Lerner, C. B." box="[787,947,1015,1041]" pageId="27" pageNumber="470" pagination="101 - 129" refId="ref23915" refString="Lerner, C. B. (1996) Esponjas da Ilha da Gale, Reserva Marinha Biologica do Arvoredo, Santa Catarina, Brasil (Porifera; Demospongiae). Biociencias, 4 (2), 101 - 129." type="journal article" year="1996">Lerner (1996)</bibRefCitation>
record to be 
<taxonomicName id="4C554D386477C36CFBCEFC476EDC4810" authorityName="de Weerdt, de Kluijver &amp; Gomez" authorityYear="1999" box="[1107,1429,1015,1041]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="27" pageNumber="470" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vansoesti" subGenus="Halichoclona">
<emphasis id="B921EAA96477C36CFBCEFC476F2E4810" box="[1107,1127,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="470">H</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B921EAA96477C36CFB1CFC476E504811" box="[1153,1305,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="470">Halichoclona</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B921EAA96477C36CFAB0FC476EDC4810" box="[1325,1429,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="470">vansoesti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The specimens reported here match the species concept in terms of habit, architecture and spicule geometry and dimensions, confirming its occurrence in the Southwestern Atlantic.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>