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<document id="FDD1DD4A9729E529DBEEFA794FD6DE84" ID-DOI="10.3897/fr.27.133914" ID-ZooBank="A30F4FFF-547A-4323-80C0-771663DF6FB7" ID-publisher-id="133914" URI-arpha="66B94E5B-EC0A-579D-B7ED-F85ED4A51F96" URI-zoobank="http://zoobank.org/A30F4FFF-547A-4323-80C0-771663DF6FB7" XM.bibliography_approvedBy="admin" XM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="admin" XM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="admin" XM.treatments_approvedBy="admin" article-type="research-article" checkinTime="1730736172305" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Abbassi, Nasrollah, Salehi Tinooni, Mohammad, Ghorbani Dehnavi, Mahdi, Shakeri, Safoora &amp; Eshaghi, Ali" docDate="2024" docId="A9924A78D9AA56D8B37DE2F19494D596" docLanguage="en" docName="Fossil Record 27(2): 265-287" docOrigin="Fossil Record 27 (2)" docSource="https://fr.pensoft.net/article/133914/download/xml/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docStyleName="PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docTitle="Dehnaripus incognitus Abbassi, Tinooni, Dehnavi, Shakeri &amp; Eshaghi, 2024, isp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="C4A7A7B1-260D-4E8F-8F1C-4ACBF1522C47" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="3" dtd-version="3.0" lastPageNumber="287" masterDocId="66B94E5BEC0A579DB7EDF85ED4A51F96" masterDocTitle="Oligocene vertebrate footprints from the Lower Red Formation, Central Iran" masterLastPageNumber="287" masterPageNumber="265" pageNumber="265" updateTime="1730752961050" updateUser="admin">
<mods:mods id="DF30D4F7E18187E96A0994BB0F600F2A" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="2E394780239EC72FF2498FD9094A94F5">
<mods:title id="4A308EEC3B8C70734D676E195EC42578">Oligocene vertebrate footprints from the Lower Red Formation, Central Iran</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="79C9B1FF2A68761834E9703FDBD9F445" type="personal">
<mods:role id="8E03156B4119902A3D96AC6C980B2779">
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<mods:namePart id="215DD243EEE4761DCF90FB4A29258642">Abbassi, Nasrollah</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="59AA1B1C4AC081732C177D8C6A62C783" type="ORCID">0000-0002-9994-9122</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="EAAE5F0D30269DE5C591AB02029A52EC">Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, 45371 - 38971, Iran</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="969AD2C32E78960A088249C4526A4B6A" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="A1596A6B8BD254BFA7692B5824FC2157">Salehi Tinooni, Mohammad</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="DB21F34FCD62DCDAD66A4A7BE3CED252">Geological Survey of Iran, South-East Territory (Kerman), No. 10, Bastani-ye Parizi Blvd. Kerman, 76157 - 36841, Iran</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="207A328CD0E93C614CC98AC7B8F9205B" type="personal">
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="685F89810B6591F2F3192448D32982EF">Ghorbani Dehnavi, Mahdi</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="C1AE0AF7DF084A1C13AA937F9FCE3818">Geological Survey of Iran, South-East Territory (Kerman), No. 10, Bastani-ye Parizi Blvd. Kerman, 76157 - 36841, Iran</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="1D7B058E2A6D45F9F0AEB8E8CBC8C041">Shakeri, Safoora</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="BD0C26C2F26BA283DA4F59BC4E602E29">Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, 45371 - 38971, Iran &amp; Research Affairs Office, Faculty of Engineering, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371 - 38971, Iran</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="F89014A120898C475E557E56BFCCE5AC">Eshaghi, Ali</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="577C34F7A754780B7E810A5C7C6E02D2">Research Affairs Office, Faculty of Engineering, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371 - 38971, Iran</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="0DB7470BC67141B001C89DC158CB2513">2024</mods:date>
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<treatment id="A9924A78D9AA56D8B37DE2F19494D596" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14035915" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14035915" ID-arpha="A9924A78-D9AA-56D8-B37D-E2F19494D596" ID-zoobank="https://zoobank.org/C4A7A7B1-260D-4E8F-8F1C-4ACBF1522C47" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C4A7A7B1-260D-4E8F-8F1C-4ACBF1522C47" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C4A7A7B1-260D-4E8F-8F1C-4ACBF1522C47" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A9924A78D9AA56D8B37DE2F19494D596">
<subSubSection id="43490C12827C82A841FA4A5E3ED0F481" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="CFE4A791F462B72D005375A4EC2A02C7">
<heading id="33602143BD3DCB7834DEF42C4A3E91CE" reason="label">Ichnospecies</heading>
<taxonomicName id="F4EB878F3B1DDCC3D4A796CDC869D53C" authorityName="Abbassi &amp; Salehi Tinooni &amp; Ghorbani Dehnavi &amp; Shakeri &amp; Eshaghi" authorityYear="2024" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Dehnaripus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="incognitus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="76DCF6D4EBFC300A6CFC2138D185A3A3" italics="true">Dehnaripus incognitus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="695745B418B6FFBE7E5D0097B64F9C63" rank="species">isp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="64C96D08B55186FE3C4E2046CCF8B996" type="description">
<paragraph id="2FEAAFEF12D8DF01735DA321BB0A0822">
<figureCitation id="D0DD7DA9422F9E29AA94CA582A7218B0" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Dehnaripus incognitus nov. A – C. Mound shaped footprints preserved as convex hyporeliefs in lower bedding plane of large slab, front footprints considered as pes and footprints behind as manus imprints; D, E. Preserved as convex hyporelief and including photogrammetric false-color depth map, sampled specimen, IFMI - 683 / 1." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.133914.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1167586">Figs 5</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="58C5462C438C3DD013C06C32A87295DF" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Dehnaripus incognitus nov. in the studied block (A) and sampled parts of slab; B, C. Holotypes of pes and manus imprints with their photogrammetry photo (IFMI - 683 / 2); D, E. Other pes and manus imprints and including photogrammetric false-color depth map their photogrammetry photo (IFMI - 683 / 3)." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.133914.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1167587">6</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EG6BG" type="material">
<paragraph id="9AE42E96EA2ACCB9C523AA6905652B1E">
<heading id="424798D308C1CE15ACEDCC409D659E24" reason="title">Materials.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C897DF0CE2E4EDB84EBC6959A4ED6F3E">
<materialsCitation id="6072512C0FBC7F4AA21F8DA02C4E2372" collectionCode="IFMI" specimenCode="IFMI-683" specimenCount="1">
Seven pes and manus footprints of five trackways, in three slabs, sampled (
<specimenCode id="6FC45D489C525076D363809CAC9C9FFB">
<abbrev content-type="institution" id="ABBRID0EM6BG" xlink_title="Ichnofossil Museum of Iran">IFMI</abbrev>
-683
</specimenCode>
/ 1-3)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0ER6BG" type="Holotype">
<paragraph id="3019A217FE55ADA20CFD35677E656200">
<heading id="032B8D060EE47A8B47D08C3C40AC8620" reason="title">
<typeStatus id="112D33AA72A59104EBD90D62740962BC" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B49B439BC2204AD4FE08C8B2B90247D1">
<materialsCitation id="1523FEF428BCF1B5291376637BD43A94" collectionCode="IFMI" collectorName="Specimen No." specimenCode="IFMI-683" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
Specimen No.
<specimenCode id="9F852C2173E62F458ECCE84F0248F915">
<abbrev content-type="institution" id="ABBRID0EX6BG" xlink_title="Ichnofossil Museum of Iran">IFMI</abbrev>
-683
</specimenCode>
/ 2 includes pes and manus imprints.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0E36BG" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="64E8CB0A12E04C632A1DD93EBDFD1222">
<heading id="CB7F798E186809DF6693EEA32070E38A" reason="title">Etymology.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3E9542711AEBF16E21B0E9552C9D4C4A">
From Latin
<emphasis id="DA045E731BACEAD145A18ED55504ECE0" italics="true">incognitus</emphasis>
, meaning unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0ENAAI" type="Type-locality">
<paragraph id="3E0FD62153FC9F57F4B7EF2ECD4137D5">
<heading id="A6AFEEF794C831DF3038390A3CFE2948" reason="title">Type-locality.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1E8ADBF51D12851FFD62ECA516A40894">
<collectingCountry id="F10B9FF4219A63F83D1254E8E1A89B2E" name="Iran">Iran</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="CAE70860F5250191974D9CD1DF32247B" country="Iran" name="Esfahan">Esfahan</collectingRegion>
(=
<collectingRegion id="12F7812694ADE6E204488FBA9F0C9CF7" country="Iran" name="Esfahan">Isfahan</collectingRegion>
) province, Kashan township, west Ab Shirin, northwest Deh Nar,
<geoCoordinate id="1E803EA8BB76912FFB372FB183C12436" degrees="34" direction="north" minutes="19" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="34.316666">34 ° 19 ' N</geoCoordinate>
–
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EWAAI" specific-use="{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;Point&quot;,&quot;coordinates&quot;:[51.200000,38.766667]}">
<geoCoordinate id="8E4322D163C92AAF8B285CA449BA999F" degrees="38" direction="north" minutes="46" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="38.766666">38 ° 46 ' N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="4EB5C5FA69BF2301543136D3DBE4BE98" degrees="51" direction="east" minutes="12" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="51.2">51 ° 12 ' E</geoCoordinate>
</named-content>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0E2AAI" type="Type horizon">
<paragraph id="208F49F59A2714F9FE82CDBF55596750">
<heading id="32A84D02079C7063571BBF88FA8E7067" reason="title">Type horizon.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CFCCACB83AFC47E03780E6C064E2AD0D">lower Oligocene (Rupelian).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EABAI" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="4A8EF91E0CE7B4D70E8B855DC625588E">
<heading id="5EB0B1C9E1B9C707A2D0383E821CF3A0" reason="title">Diagnosis.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9BF574ECE2D47594B2D689C60CD791B8">As for ichnogenus.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EFBAI" type="description">
<paragraph id="292FD5C4FFFBD43BAA343F243A0E24EC">
<heading id="50D30573C06E5972084522813C938AF4" reason="title">Description.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9C58DD7C441C46A3E0F0DE379F9ED848">
Footprints preserved as mound-shaped convex hyporeliefs in the lower bedding plane of dark brown, thin to thick, fine-grained sandstone. Usually, the surface of footprints is marked by radial wrinkles, and identifying digit imprints is difficult; hence, measuring digital geometry is impossible. In special imaging, however, five-digit imprints in the manus and three-digit imprints in the pes are distinguishable.
<taxonomicName id="9465FFDA80570555B62C5206C543BD50" authorityName="Abbassi &amp; Salehi Tinooni &amp; Ghorbani Dehnavi &amp; Shakeri &amp; Eshaghi" authorityYear="2024" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Dehnaripus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="incognitus">
<emphasis id="E2DB972448FD04F404D1017C0D00D03F" italics="true">Dehnaripus incognitus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was found in three slabs. Slab 1 was studied in the field, comprising two large footprints (Fig.
<figureCitation id="3C13AF7CD201B7B9561CC90655945289" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Dehnaripus incognitus nov. A – C. Mound shaped footprints preserved as convex hyporeliefs in lower bedding plane of large slab, front footprints considered as pes and footprints behind as manus imprints; D, E. Preserved as convex hyporelief and including photogrammetric false-color depth map, sampled specimen, IFMI - 683 / 1." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.133914.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1167586">5 A</figureCitation>
). The pes imprint in this slab is smaller, with three large and thick digit imprints, a small metatarsal imprint, and numerous radial wrinkles preserved in the proximal part of the pes imprint (Fig.
<figureCitation id="E8DDF5C111A76CB208347FFCD6159D06" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Dehnaripus incognitus nov. A – C. Mound shaped footprints preserved as convex hyporeliefs in lower bedding plane of large slab, front footprints considered as pes and footprints behind as manus imprints; D, E. Preserved as convex hyporelief and including photogrammetric false-color depth map, sampled specimen, IFMI - 683 / 1." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.133914.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1167586">5 B</figureCitation>
). The manus imprint is larger, showing five short digit imprints, completely connected to a large, circular metacarpal imprint. No claw imprints are visible in the digits, and the tips of digits are round (Fig.
<figureCitation id="0CA9B3AE20C33D8A28B29F41836F0338" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Dehnaripus incognitus nov. A – C. Mound shaped footprints preserved as convex hyporeliefs in lower bedding plane of large slab, front footprints considered as pes and footprints behind as manus imprints; D, E. Preserved as convex hyporelief and including photogrammetric false-color depth map, sampled specimen, IFMI - 683 / 1." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.133914.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1167586">5 C</figureCitation>
). Slab 2 (
<abbrev content-type="institution" id="ABBRID0ECCAI" xlink_title="Ichnofossil Museum of Iran">
<collectionCode id="8563C9EBD962B466FF961E171812A3DB">IFMI</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
- 683 / 1) includes one manus imprint as a large mound-shape with large, radial five-digit imprints. The metacarpal imprint is not developed in the footprint (Fig.
<figureCitation id="967928303D73F6487963C1EDDE75EF19" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Dehnaripus incognitus nov. A – C. Mound shaped footprints preserved as convex hyporeliefs in lower bedding plane of large slab, front footprints considered as pes and footprints behind as manus imprints; D, E. Preserved as convex hyporelief and including photogrammetric false-color depth map, sampled specimen, IFMI - 683 / 1." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.133914.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1167586">5 D, E</figureCitation>
). It is preserved as radial wrinkles and a rough imprint. Slab 3 includes two pairs of pes and manus imprints, belonging to separate trackways (Fig.
<figureCitation id="D035A0B0555595FFBDF6148681469A07" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Dehnaripus incognitus nov. in the studied block (A) and sampled parts of slab; B, C. Holotypes of pes and manus imprints with their photogrammetry photo (IFMI - 683 / 2); D, E. Other pes and manus imprints and including photogrammetric false-color depth map their photogrammetry photo (IFMI - 683 / 3)." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.133914.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1167587">6 A</figureCitation>
). One of them is slightly smaller (
<typeStatus id="57D9FB259CD572E5203FD97038625B73" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
,
<abbrev content-type="institution" id="ABBRID0EPCAI" xlink_title="Ichnofossil Museum of Iran">
<collectionCode id="941754A16CB15E49725E3A9C5EF10B86">IFMI</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
- 683 / 2, Fig.
<figureCitation id="96496C949E6623130E925409FFD6A28A" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Dehnaripus incognitus nov. in the studied block (A) and sampled parts of slab; B, C. Holotypes of pes and manus imprints with their photogrammetry photo (IFMI - 683 / 2); D, E. Other pes and manus imprints and including photogrammetric false-color depth map their photogrammetry photo (IFMI - 683 / 3)." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.133914.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1167587">6 B, C</figureCitation>
), and has large manus imprints, with short digit imprints and unclear outlines of digit imprints. It shows a large, circular metacarpal imprint. The pes imprint includes three-digit circular imprints without a clear metatarsal imprint. Another pes-manus set is larger and comprises pes and manus imprints (
<abbrev content-type="institution" id="ABBRID0EYCAI" xlink_title="Ichnofossil Museum of Iran">
<collectionCode id="6D4C8EFE61EECA60D256106C4F2785BE">IFMI</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
- 683 / 3). Pes imprints show three-digit imprints without metatarsal imprints, and the manus is larger and has unclear outlines of digit imprints, but five-digit imprints are distinguishable (Fig.
<figureCitation id="005BAF3AA56779A217475D88DEFB2717" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Dehnaripus incognitus nov. in the studied block (A) and sampled parts of slab; B, C. Holotypes of pes and manus imprints with their photogrammetry photo (IFMI - 683 / 2); D, E. Other pes and manus imprints and including photogrammetric false-color depth map their photogrammetry photo (IFMI - 683 / 3)." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.133914.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1167587">6 D, E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="2741DDD24E3DE0C9B9456C7339FA4429" ID-DOI="10.3897/fr.27.133914.figure5" ID-arpha="94C0E452-D7C4-5DD7-8718-1441321C1BA0" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1167586" startId="F5">
<paragraph id="912F6076B13FD16A6A85C97355AB3BA4">
<label id="9D74185E976751483921B8F3F592F3F2">Figure 5.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6EB163CCE58C8FAFB29A0E1D2C11DF5F">
<taxonomicName id="E894A6DCD9D4B8C60C28F4D3F941FC18" authorityName="Abbassi &amp; Salehi Tinooni &amp; Ghorbani Dehnavi &amp; Shakeri &amp; Eshaghi" authorityYear="2024" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Dehnaripus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="incognitus">
<emphasis id="AA5B9E7353F141A6E19E74DA9F6C087C" italics="true">Dehnaripus incognitus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
nov.
<emphasis id="76B773265DD068396DF57503D3177FBD" bold="true">A – C.</emphasis>
Mound shaped footprints preserved as convex hyporeliefs in lower bedding plane of large slab, front footprints considered as pes and footprints behind as manus imprints;
<emphasis id="38384B6146B11A36DD8E84A853C06C9F" bold="true">D, E.</emphasis>
Preserved as convex hyporelief and including photogrammetric false-color depth map, sampled specimen,
<abbrev content-type="institution" id="ABBRID0EYDAI" xlink_title="Ichnofossil Museum of Iran">IFMI</abbrev>
- 683 / 1.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="6B31D78DB5672D4F6F06FBF82831F18A" ID-DOI="10.3897/fr.27.133914.figure6" ID-arpha="B643DD70-0313-52D4-9D5D-43AB9E43D029" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1167587" startId="F6">
<paragraph id="03835D9A15FB484E49466F0A053B1270">
<label id="0D5550168C83C1ECB9894D69F56A778A">Figure 6.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9E01A6C7C3D1349DD5980101EDCB474B">
<taxonomicName id="E885D3335D9BB5B6C6AC11FE7A1C1B4F" authorityName="Abbassi &amp; Salehi Tinooni &amp; Ghorbani Dehnavi &amp; Shakeri &amp; Eshaghi" authorityYear="2024" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Dehnaripus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="incognitus">
<emphasis id="F358117D6515D256265113FFAFD3A628" italics="true">Dehnaripus incognitus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
nov. in the studied block (
<emphasis id="CF88A5AF6598AF3D63662C55A7E54D4A" bold="true">A</emphasis>
) and sampled parts of slab;
<emphasis id="02CF63E0463FEAC46F4ABD7722ED7417" bold="true">B, C.</emphasis>
Holotypes of pes and manus imprints with their photogrammetry photo (
<abbrev content-type="institution" id="ABBRID0EZEAI" xlink_title="Ichnofossil Museum of Iran">IFMI</abbrev>
- 683 / 2);
<emphasis id="F8DD8958157874F665DA969CDE6AE1F7" bold="true">D, E.</emphasis>
Other pes and manus imprints and including photogrammetric false-color depth map their photogrammetry photo (
<abbrev content-type="institution" id="ABBRID0EAFAI" xlink_title="Ichnofossil Museum of Iran">IFMI</abbrev>
- 683 / 3).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EKFAI" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="06CC847A9C115A3A03CC26C00C6CFB84">
<heading id="A78133A9435C85E3F038FBFB580C0B8B" reason="title">Discussion.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3874CA8E882C36A1CA3F9C9C6A66F6C2">
Quality of preservation contributes to the unusual morphology of
<taxonomicName id="1D511A31B586C82B395BAA326B4A00FE" authorityName="Abbassi &amp; Salehi Tinooni &amp; Ghorbani Dehnavi &amp; Shakeri &amp; Eshaghi" authorityYear="2024" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Dehnaripus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="incognitus">
<emphasis id="0345D1FA8AA066B4CA996C949BD7F83E" italics="true">Dehnaripus incognitus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as circular imprints and unclear digit imprints. Definitely, the footprints are traces of the outer morphology of the feet, and the final morphology of a footprint is affected by trackmaker behavior, autopodia anatomy and substrate features (
<bibRefCitation id="A2DD5D7F681A9FDBF1F734D859E4568D" DOI="10.1016/j.palaeo.2015.03.028" author="Melchor" firstAuthor="Melchor" journalOrPublisher="Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology" pagination="79-96" refId="B64" refString="Melchor RN (2015) Application of vertebrate trace fossils to palaeoenvironmental analysis. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 439: 79–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2015.03.028" title="Application of vertebrate trace fossils to palaeoenvironmental analysis." volume="439" year="2015">Melchor 2015</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3A89EFBA9BC389A6CE1BCCEE6DC191C" DOI="10.1016/j.earscirev.2019.04.008" author="Marchetti" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Marchetti" journalOrPublisher="Earth-Science Reviews" pagination="109-145" refId="B59" refString="Marchetti L, Belvedere M, Voigt S, Klein H, Castanera D, Díaz-Martínez I, Marty D, Xing L, Feola S, Melchor RN, Farlow JO (2019) Defining the morphological quality of fossil footprints. Problems and principles of preservation in tetrapod ichnology with examples from the Palaeozoic to the present. Earth-Science Reviews 193: 109–145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2019.04.008" title="Defining the morphological quality of fossil footprints. Problems and principles of preservation in tetrapod ichnology with examples from the Palaeozoic to the present." volume="193" year="2019">Marchetti et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
). The anatomical characteristics of the “ heel, ” control the sole morphology, thus controlling the morphology of footprints.
<taxonomicName id="21277502C8858ADF448B75A71A31260A" authorityName="Abbassi &amp; Salehi Tinooni &amp; Ghorbani Dehnavi &amp; Shakeri &amp; Eshaghi" authorityYear="2024" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Dehnaripus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="incognitus">
<emphasis id="507A6CF250E242428D55D918BC8D5513" italics="true">Dehnaripus incognitus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shows distinctive morphology, and we would rather consider it as a new ichnotaxon.
<taxonomicName id="E94C0381FCD796F4A0B928EFE07EBE23" authorityName="Abbassi &amp; Salehi Tinooni &amp; Ghorbani Dehnavi &amp; Shakeri &amp; Eshaghi" authorityYear="2024" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Dehnaripus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="incognitus">
<emphasis id="1448CFD41D3513CE752A6B6296BACD26" italics="true">Dehnaripus incognitus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<emphasis id="24A7C9B416559DF5BC7C067E74B6E112" italics="true">Proboscipeda enigmatica</emphasis>
by its smaller size and radial wrinkles and number of digit imprints.
<taxonomicName id="830D817143BFB038602B3F2B17DF8A81" authorityName="Abbassi &amp; Salehi Tinooni &amp; Ghorbani Dehnavi &amp; Shakeri &amp; Eshaghi" authorityYear="2024" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Dehnaripus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="incognitus">
<emphasis id="74D0597336A163D3197B886C2CA7B282" italics="true">Dehnaripus incognitus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<emphasis id="F2F5C983AA39ECA3873A0775F2B541F5" italics="true">Glyptodontichnus pehuencoensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="80B77AADDD5E88DD7ECC137F50B20C2A" DOI="10.1016/j.palaeo.2015.07.006" author="Aramayo SA &amp; Manera de Bianco T &amp; Bastianelli NV &amp; Melchor RN" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Aramayo" journalOrPublisher="Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology" pagination="144-165" refId="B14" refString="Aramayo SA, Manera de Bianco T, Bastianelli NV, Melchor RN (2015) Pehuen Co: Updated taxonomic review of a late Pleistocene ichnological site in Argentina. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 439: 144–165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2015.07.006" title="Pehuen Co: Updated taxonomic review of a late Pleistocene ichnological site in Argentina." volume="439" year="2015">Aramayo et al. (2015)</bibRefCitation>
and
<taxonomicName id="99CF6AF016718C893EF8D2BC45767EE3" authority="(Kordos 1985)" baseAuthorityName="Kordos" baseAuthorityYear="1985" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Platykopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maxima">
<emphasis id="BFF39600B60B1D523A403C76F03DB387" italics="true">Platykopus maxima</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="1336C500FB504B2DBE0E761F937E25CE" author="Kordos" firstAuthor="Kordos" journalOrPublisher="Palaeontologica" pagination="359-415" refId="B45" refString="Kordos L (1985) Footprints in the Lower Miocene Sandstone of Ipolytarnóc. Geologica Hungarica ser. Palaeontologica 46: 359–415." title="Footprints in the Lower Miocene Sandstone of Ipolytarnóc. Geologica Hungarica ser." volume="46" year="1985">Kordos 1985</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
by its number of unclear digit imprints.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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