160 lines
22 KiB
XML
160 lines
22 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="98B66036BF9DFE763D29FD442976914D">Additions to the taxonomy of New World Pheidole (Hymenoptera: Formicidae).</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FAA14FF24DBD87ADD51200902117DA51">Longino, J. T.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="EE89452A42E95F141CC9B72C2BE727A1">2009</mods:date>
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<mods:classification id="4EBC8B7905D0BC5DB4CA15CB92495950">journal article</mods:classification>
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<treatment id="3D08392F6A88EDF2A1B210913166F677" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6222904" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100121419" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6222904" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3D08392F6A88EDF2A1B210913166F677" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3D08392F6A88EDF2A1B210913166F677" lastPageNumber="86" pageNumber="85">
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<subSubSection id="77FFDEA9A326C7E466F02C6F7AADCD28" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="53A5122ACE39AE40A77482634156B4E2" pageNumber="85">
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<taxonomicName id="9D544F86C06C596DA4058E3B0DE2C6BB" ID-CoL="4FYP5" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:34094" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole vorax (Fabricius)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vorax">Pheidole vorax</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F2BD412D934A00823FF5E50715B1C5BB" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="64D57E24F42763846629F9CA3B0AF944" pageNumber="85">
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<taxonomicName id="951D43F428B0E680A182ECB2AA7BE2B4" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:142678" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica vorax Fabricius" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vorax">
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Formica vorax
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<bibRefCitation id="889D33CF36D1A94A2C21FB47EF81EFC0" author="Fabricius, J. C." pagination="15 - 439" refId="ref45412" refString="Fabricius, J. C. (1804) Systema Piezatorum secundum ordines, genera, species, adjectis synonymis, locis, observationibus, descriptionibus. C. Reichard, Brunswick, xiv + 15 - 439 + 30 pp." type="book chapter" year="1804">Fabricius, 1804: 412</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Lectotype and two paralectotype queens, here designated: Central America [
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<collectionCode id="0DBCC14F38D5B766A72BCE135F7DBE9A" collectionName="Denmark, Kobenhavn [= Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen, Zoological Museum">ZMUC</collectionCode>
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] (images examined).
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<bibRefCitation id="329B97A4758B9FD6BBDCC0AB25446CCA" author="Roger, J." pagination="1 - 65" refId="ref46159" refString="Roger, J. (1863) Verzeichniss der Formiciden-Gattungen und Arten. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift, 7, 1 - 65." type="journal article" year="1863">Roger, 1863: 30</bibRefCitation>
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: combination in
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<taxonomicName id="15BF6FF97E50A9BE13BBBDB5CE465E07" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2351" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Aphaenogaster Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Aphaenogaster</taxonomicName>
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.
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<bibRefCitation id="4894035B2E22A0074C7F4E8FE9282596" author="Emery, C." pagination="67 - 75" refId="ref45328" refString="Emery, C. (1915) Definizione del genere Aphaenogaster e partizione di esso in sottogeneri. Parapheidole e Novomessor nn. gg. Rendiconti delle Sessioni della Reale Accademia delle Scienze delllstituto di Bologna Classe di Scienze Fisische, (n. s.) 19, 67 - 75." type="journal article" year="1915">Emery, 1915: 69</bibRefCitation>
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: combination in
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<taxonomicName id="C21B6234DBE1DF3D9B83F6D925C3BE78" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24885" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole Westwood" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pheidole</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6AFCB00FEF0C651D7CFB3C494ED4D98F" pageNumber="85">
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<taxonomicName id="0852F31704BED2A2090955030FDBA7E9" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33657" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole cephalica Smith" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cephalica">Pheidole cephalica Smith</taxonomicName>
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, F. 1858:177, pl. 9, figs. 21-23. Syntype major, minor worker: Brazil, Amazonas, Tunantins (Bates) [
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<collectionCode id="0F81772B5FA0E58F8DD44A80D656A70A" collectionName="United Kingdom, London, The Natural History Museum [formerly British Museum (Natural History)]">BMNH</collectionCode>
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] (not examined). New Synonymy.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E8B2DB94B8A44C2CC0421CE833B1761B" pageNumber="85">
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<taxonomicName id="12D6EEACEE97FB6083C1BFBFF869422D" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:142216" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole opaca Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opaca">
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Pheidole opaca
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<bibRefCitation id="7AF67FB6CB8FC063B3890D50030F0D5A" author="Mayr, G." pagination="649 - 776" refId="ref45948" refString="Mayr, G. (1862) Myrmecologische Studien. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koniglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 12, 649 - 776." type="journal article" year="1862">Mayr, 1862: 749</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Syntype major, minor worker: Brazil, "Im Gebiete des Amazonenstromes" [Amazonian region] (M. C. Vienn) (not examined).
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<bibRefCitation id="370111F2F87387C93853114FC40936D4" author="Forel, A." pagination="57 - 80" refId="ref45517" refString="Forel, A. (1899) Formicidae. [part c]. Biologia Centrali-Americana, Hymenoptera, 3, 57 - 80." type="journal article" year="1899">Forel, 1899: 69</bibRefCitation>
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: description of queen.
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<bibRefCitation id="83F60AF4F327278061EAE291CFD2F904" author="Borgmeier, T." pagination="93 - 111" refId="ref44964" refString="Borgmeier, T. (1934) Contribuicao para o conhecimento da fauna mirmecologica dos cafezais de Paramaribo, Guiana Holandesa (Hym. Formicidae). Archivos do Instituto de Biologia Vegetal (Rio de Janeiro), 1, 93 - 111." type="journal article" year="1934">Borgmeier, 1934: 97</bibRefCitation>
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: description of queen.
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<bibRefCitation id="BEB90E03F8BDEE013D4F73D761609540" author="Kempf, W. W." pagination="181 - 186" refId="ref45727" refString="Kempf, W. W. (1965) Nota preliminar sobre algumas formigas neotropicas, descritas por Frederick Smith (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 25, 181 - 186." type="journal article" year="1965">Kempf, 1965: 183</bibRefCitation>
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: junior synonym of
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<taxonomicName id="3DCBFB9DE2FF6A2AEAAB821BA6DA4351" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33657" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" genus.bestMatchDistance="336" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole cephalica Smith" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cephalica">P. cephalica</taxonomicName>
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. New Synonymy.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C05A143B8557BADB5A363928DCEAF2DF" pageNumber="86">
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<taxonomicName id="5AC4F34DECC1EB9E8B8FAA99350C152E" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:142214" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole opaca var. incrustata Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="opaca" variety="incrustata">
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<pageBreakToken id="604E7770B3EE8A3A9A0839383996037E" pageNumber="86">Pheidole</pageBreakToken>
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opaca var. incrustata
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<bibRefCitation id="F9A4B4877DA2DBCB526CE2BE32F568FA" author="Forel, A." pagination="35 - 72" refId="ref45605" refString="Forel, A. (1908) Fourmis de Costa-Rica recoltees par M. Paul Biolley. Bulletin de la Societe Vaudoise des Sciences Naturelles, 44, 35 - 72." type="journal article" year="1908">Forel, 1908: 59</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Syntype minor worker: Costa Rica, Tuis (Pittier) [
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<collectionCode id="267129C955BE74478C819B443705C599" collectionName="Switzerland, Geneva, Museum d'Histoire Naturelle">MHNG</collectionCode>
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] (examined).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9765F5D7F72377D7868D0F07F872F8A8" pageNumber="86">
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<bibRefCitation id="115B3E5B47DC77993D4188A72338EDBB" author="Kempf, W. W." pagination="3 - 344" refId="ref45764" refString="Kempf, W. W. (1972) Catalogo abreviado das formigas da regiao Neotropical. Studia Entomologica, 15, 3 - 344." type="journal article" year="1972">Kempf, 1972: 188</bibRefCitation>
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: subspecies of
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<taxonomicName id="88718679485C49F8D700790739F341A4" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33657" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" genus.bestMatchDistance="468" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole cephalica Smith" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cephalica">P. cephalica</taxonomicName>
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.
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<bibRefCitation id="FAED509F441B7BC1481D5A5C8A41CA3E" author="Wilson, E. O." refId="ref46471" refString="Wilson, E. O. (2003) Pheidole in the New World: A Dominant, Hyperdiverse Ant Genus. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass., 794 pp." type="book" year="2003">Wilson, 2003: 674</bibRefCitation>
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: junior synonym of
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<taxonomicName id="7A6FCC676B0BDC17D8C6E5AE2108F3D3" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33657" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" genus.bestMatchDistance="507" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole cephalica Smith" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cephalica">P. cephalica</taxonomicName>
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. New Synonymy.
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<taxonomicName id="AF5FD8B15A6454B4AF2C035939E914BC" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:142216" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole opaca Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opaca">
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Pheidole opaca subsp. sarrita
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<bibRefCitation id="6A825F2E1C1EBAA372E592C2F2A3FF9C" author="Forel, A." pagination="35 - 72" refId="ref45605" refString="Forel, A. (1908) Fourmis de Costa-Rica recoltees par M. Paul Biolley. Bulletin de la Societe Vaudoise des Sciences Naturelles, 44, 35 - 72." type="journal article" year="1908">Forel, 1908: 59</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Syntype minor worker: Costa Rica, Surubres, near San Mateo (Biolley) [
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<collectionCode id="9620C70790776CA84F24F26F9F1131F7" collectionName="Switzerland, Geneva, Museum d'Histoire Naturelle">MHNG</collectionCode>
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] (examined).
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<bibRefCitation id="B56EFF0A2A23A4580AB72B1A93DDCDFF" author="Kempf, W. W." pagination="3 - 344" refId="ref45764" refString="Kempf, W. W. (1972) Catalogo abreviado das formigas da regiao Neotropical. Studia Entomologica, 15, 3 - 344." type="journal article" year="1972">Kempf, 1972: 188</bibRefCitation>
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: subspecies of
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<taxonomicName id="23911AE4558412F97283C642DD5153AF" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33657" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" genus.bestMatchDistance="651" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole cephalica Smith" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cephalica">P. cephalica</taxonomicName>
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.
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<bibRefCitation id="BD670A7D62572C18546FB18A7CBF4450" author="Wilson, E. O." refId="ref46471" refString="Wilson, E. O. (2003) Pheidole in the New World: A Dominant, Hyperdiverse Ant Genus. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass., 794 pp." type="book" year="2003">Wilson, 2003: 674</bibRefCitation>
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: junior synonym of P
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<taxonomicName id="EB8980788D8E3FE111CE7911CE7B18CC" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33657" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole cephalica Smith" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cephalica">cephalica</taxonomicName>
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. New Synonymy.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E2877A7623AC8B82AF78ED1900E62C8A" pageNumber="86">
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<taxonomicName id="2470656F1FDABD0D4B6CEFF3C2904603" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:142216" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole opaca Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opaca">
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Pheidole opaca subsp. apterostigmoides
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<bibRefCitation id="C62E31AD308B6812D3E1A4F3D5A38EC0" author="Weber, N. A." pagination="67 - 78" refId="ref46246" refString="Weber, N. A. (1943) New ants from Venezuela and neighboring countries. Boletin de Entomologia Venezolana, 2, 67 - 78." type="journal article" year="1943">Weber, 1943: 71</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, fig. 3. Syntype major, minor worker: Trinidad, Basin Hill Forest Reserve, 1 Apr 1935 (Weber) (not examined).
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<bibRefCitation id="51F84CE515992A8C68C59B5C03970041" author="Kempf, W. W." pagination="3 - 344" refId="ref45764" refString="Kempf, W. W. (1972) Catalogo abreviado das formigas da regiao Neotropical. Studia Entomologica, 15, 3 - 344." type="journal article" year="1972">Kempf, 1972: 188</bibRefCitation>
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: subspecies of
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<taxonomicName id="B474E98DCCD8CFD4D27A5E95CE511CC0" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33657" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" genus.bestMatchDistance="849" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole cephalica Smith" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cephalica">P. cephalica</taxonomicName>
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.
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<bibRefCitation id="845287E30541FFA2D1A91E69BEC68337" author="Wilson, E. O." refId="ref46471" refString="Wilson, E. O. (2003) Pheidole in the New World: A Dominant, Hyperdiverse Ant Genus. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass., 794 pp." type="book" year="2003">Wilson, 2003: 674</bibRefCitation>
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: junior synonym of
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<taxonomicName id="A9C5E26BA105D4F7DA965A01BA15D9D9" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33657" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" genus.bestMatchDistance="888" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole cephalica Smith" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cephalica">P. cephalica</taxonomicName>
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. New Synonymy.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="504C7447C5AE010DFDF3D7D8054C861B" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="9BC666D07E6E57F20D0B45921435B6A3" pageNumber="86">Geographic Range</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E372F639F81AE4A928072D64FFEA3119" pageNumber="86">Mainland Neotropics from southern Mexico to Amazon basin and Bolivia.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="4B77ECB7C8AC495D418F10F2B70892CF" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="0D02AF23E40BD71FE105105934199861" pageNumber="86">Biology</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D8D2891474EFD101DD07E3328DF115C3" pageNumber="86">
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This species occurs in wet to moist forest habitats. It nests in dead wood on or near the ground. Workers recruit to dead insects and other baits, and also harvest seeds. Large seed caches can be found in nests.
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<bibRefCitation id="166447CE22716EF2247257B55FD095FC" author="Wilson, E. O." pagination="458 - 469" refId="ref46432" refString="Wilson, E. O. (1987 [" 1986 "]). The organization of flood evacuation in the ant genus Pheidole (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Insectes Sociaux 33, 458 - 469." type="journal article" year="1987">Wilson (1987)</bibRefCitation>
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demonstrated that minor workers were extremely sensitive to the presence of standing water. Even a few drops in the nest of a laboratory colony caused it to immediately evacuate the nest.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="AC5EFF271188C6DFE9F79B8C9CE238D6" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="DBC5CD2BE1822D42786F5CCA2AF5BD2C" pageNumber="86">Comments</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="55CD5A27827C54E8A155FF3FB5D19738" pageNumber="86">
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Three syntype queens are in the Fabricius collection at the Natural History Museum of Denmark. Dr. L. Vilhelmsen provided images and measurements of the queens, and they match in every respect Smith's
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<taxonomicName id="7220615D44FF9110BB039A2F2A939D8F" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33657" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" genus.bestMatchDistance="1305" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole cephalica Smith" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cephalica">P. cephalica</taxonomicName>
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. This is a widespread and distinctive species without closely similar species with which it might be confused, so the synonymy seems secure. One of the queens has a type label, based on the informal "typification" carried out by
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<bibRefCitation id="9ABF7FC37D341D07732D5CEBC0CD3800" author="Zimsen, E." refId="ref46534" refString="Zimsen, E. (1964) The type material of I. C. Fabricius. Munksgaard, Copenhagen." type="book" year="1964">Zimsen (1964)</bibRefCitation>
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. At the recommendation of L. Vilhelmsen, curator of the collection, the specimen with the type label is formally designated Lectotype in this paper.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F85634EB7A9D249B3A49FA1CDDDE908E" pageNumber="86">
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There is geographic variation in sculpture and color. In Costa Rica, minor workers from Corcovado National Park in the southern Pacific lowlands have the face and mesosoma evenly foveolate, overlain with relatively weak rugae, and the color is light orange. Specimens from near Monteverde on the Pacific slope of the Cordillera de Tilaran have the face and mesosoma with coarse, abundant, reticulate rugae, these overlying a largely smooth and shining integument, and the color is light orange. This form matches closely the subspecies
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<taxonomicName id="53C6B3A460173D47508C6AF8DA6FF2DE" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:253444" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" genus.bestMatchDistance="38560" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole incrustata" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incrustata">P. incrustata</taxonomicName>
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. Specimens from the Penas Blancas Valley, a short distance east of Monteverde on the Atlantic slope, are very similar but the color is darker red orange. Specimens from La Selva Biological Station and elsewhere in the Atlantic lowlands have the coarsely rugose sculpture of Monteverde specimens, but increasing underlying foveolation on the mesosoma, like the Corcovado specimens, and the color is darker red orange. This form matches the subspecies
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<taxonomicName id="8CD161ADB86D68C218D36AD2924F3167" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:253445" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" genus.bestMatchDistance="38632" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole sarrita" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sarrita">P. sarrita</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |