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<document ID-CLB-Dataset="24465" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.74.47795" ID-GBIF-Dataset="eff21244-6b84-477a-bb3e-0aa1f4930e71" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2607-74-51" ID-Pensoft-UUID="BF59E2BF0D2E54279EC8315E4D29BAE6" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3599972" ID-ZooBank="F4F7EFFB0DB5487880E60A832471E3F7" ModsDocID="1314-2607-74-51" checkinTime="1577771837739" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong &amp; Carpenter, James M." docDate="2019" docId="1A9B509B38E6560EBA52EA51081FFD20" docLanguage="en" docName="JourHymenoptRes 74: 51-64" docOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 74" docPubDate="2019-12-30" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.74.47795" docTitle="Polistes gigas" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="BF59E2BF0D2E54279EC8315E4D29BAE6" lastPageNumber="51" masterDocId="BF59E2BF0D2E54279EC8315E4D29BAE6" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic notes on the paper wasps of the subgenus Polistes (Gyrostoma) (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Polistinae) occurring in Vietnam, with description of a new species" masterLastPageNumber="64" masterPageNumber="51" pageNumber="51" updateTime="1732938559686" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="A3F609C1FB04AF9CBA8C0E5BB98FD0D9" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="102DD5DBE3B286A00A0B2090850AFFC8">
<mods:title id="4B7DCBA8A534710C9FBB5CCEA1BECDD6">Taxonomic notes on the paper wasps of the subgenus Polistes (Gyrostoma) (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Polistinae) occurring in Vietnam, with description of a new species</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="0AD250BCD3726A9BDF178C973B2EC490" type="personal">
<mods:role id="1C21854F4B96177E31501A9B10B1DD15">
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<mods:namePart id="8CCE79CEAF69276C797308416EC596F3">Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="ABD1662BC7FA7EAF2EB9949DD7CA8BCA">Insect Ecology Department, Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Nghia Do, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam &amp; Graduate school of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Nghia Do, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="6EEA47B52BE0C261BAF20E111342C397" type="email">phuonglientit@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:name id="301C8643C7C41573DD69FC6C53E59264" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="88170C64FF098C1C346CDACC135014BA">Carpenter, James M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="EC4F774D553041C88022B5DFED7CA32D">Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79 th Street, New York, NY 10024, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="406CF3D579E4DC5DD038677DD79233D9">Journal of Hymenoptera Research</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="EF11C331EAB2337B546A0C2EF309108B">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="10C64509EF05AB78AEB3B1B86020B4BE">2019-12-30</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="95EA97314566EFB26CE42874325BE656" type="volume">
<mods:number id="04F7FC870620FFC5BB994F939153E3D4">74</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="1B3A8EAF9A7391C41EE5763E7A6E21A5">51</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="F665D29BA312C2ADBB346F42DF54BCB4">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.74.47795</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="05FC972A83A4AB2937DADE18E78DD9C0">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="6BB7B9840A7140E6F9E5149869950D7F" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.74.47795</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="1A9B509B38E6560EBA52EA51081FFD20" ID-GBIF-Taxon="160992135" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1A9B509B38E6560EBA52EA51081FFD20" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1A9B509B38E6560EBA52EA51081FFD20" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" scope_family="Vespidae" scope_order="Hymenoptera" scope_subGenus="Gyrostoma">
<subSubSection id="69D06EE22A77EA3A26F5B7EBB36D38C0" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="10F00A3E16B25BF6CAFFD8F9BFEA7625" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
(1)
<taxonomicName id="77335055765D7BF164C537A11B2A633D" ID-CoL="4KYC8" ID-ENA="2067033" LSID="1A9B509B-38E6-560E-BA52-EA51081FFD20" authority="(Kirby)" baseAuthorityName="Kirby" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes gigas" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gigas">Polistes gigas (Kirby)</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D805EC518B88524DCA204538C30E6C9F" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" type="description">
<paragraph id="39A790B079F95552D4D81469C90B5BA6" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
<figureCitation id="0C7064B90221EB420DA24187F5CEC3BF" captionStart="Figures 1–12" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1 - 12. Gyrostoma species. 1 - 3 Polistes gigas 1 female head, frontal view 2 male head, frontal view 3 antennal flagellomeres 1 - 4. 4 - 6 Polistes olivaceus 4 female head, frontal view 5 male head, frontal view 6 antennal flagellomeres 1 - 4. 7 - 9 Polistes rothneyi 7 female head, frontal view 8 male head, frontal view 9 antennal flagellomeres 1 - 4. 10 - 12 Polistes tenebricosus 10 female head, frontal view 11 male head, frontal view 12 Antennal flagellomeres 1 - 4." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.74.47795.figures1-12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/367375" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Figs 1-3</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="0AE528A7BA4F8F378E17A712B6EBC2CA" captionStart="Figures 19–22" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 19 - 22. Nest of Gyrostoma species. 19, 20 Nest of P. gigas 21, 22 Nest of P. longus sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.74.47795.figures19-22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/367377" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">, 19</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="86783766727701FF9356E186B4638C02" captionStart="Figures 19–22" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 19 - 22. Nest of Gyrostoma species. 19, 20 Nest of P. gigas 21, 22 Nest of P. longus sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.74.47795.figures19-22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/367377" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">, 20</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F6AC4E6C432EE196ADB6416E0B7B4237" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="B7238570E583AC31CFC37B3B8BB381A0" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
<taxonomicName id="A2AF5CCF7A85B84788E1A0D8DDBB0A37" authorityName="Kirby &amp; Spence" authorityYear="1826" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Cyclostoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyclostoma gigas" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gigas">Cyclostoma gigas</taxonomicName>
Kirby, 1826, 1, 3: 36.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0ED75AF2CDD9569DC24A67CAAEF53CD0" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
<taxonomicName id="2555ABB978E58A1ABE81811ED45DEDCC" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes gigas" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gigas">Polistes gigas</taxonomicName>
: Sonan, 1943, 33: 469.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="001610F901E398E73EFF3B19BE5161E1" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" type="notes">
<paragraph id="E6EFC19D99AE782729FFFE46C0D88FF3" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F2BEF8F211EA7DB3A2917D00F0FBC760" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
This is the biggest species among polistine wasps, with female body length being about 25-30 mm, and male body length even bigger, about 32-35 mm. Its distribution is restricted to one area in the northeastern part of India (Sikkim), southern China including Hong Kong, and Taiwan (
<bibRefCitation id="5D4404E15E58F2D50333DBC169AF4074" author="Das, BP" journalOrPublisher="Oriental Insects Monograph" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" pagination="176 - 189" refId="B5" refString="Das, BP, Gupta, VK, 1989. The social wasps of India and the Adjacent Countries (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Oriental Insects Monograph 11: 176 - 189" title="The social wasps of India and the Adjacent Countries (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)." volume="11" year="1989">Das and Gupta 1989</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="6B0C892E141615588F722354BF747F34" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3785.3.3" author="Tan, JL" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" pagination="377 - 399" refId="B15" refString="Tan, JL, Achterberg, van K, Duan, MJ, Chen, XX, 2014. An illustrated key to the species of subgenus Gyrostoma Kirby, 1828 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Polistinae) from China, with discovery of Polistes (Gyrostoma) tenuispunctia Kim, 2001. Zootaxa 3785 (3): 377 - 399, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3785.3.3" title="An illustrated key to the species of subgenus Gyrostoma Kirby, 1828 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Polistinae) from China, with discovery of Polistes (Gyrostoma) tenuispunctia Kim, 2001." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3785.3.3" volume="3785" year="2014">Tan et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
). In Vietnam, this species has been recorded from many localities in the northern part of the country (
<bibRefCitation id="51E67B1E0D0FB0FD65B187B5EAF84A04" author="Nguyen, LTP" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" refId="B13" refString="Nguyen, LTP, Saito, F, Kojima, J, Carpenter, JM, 2005. An annotated distributional checklist of social wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) of Viet Nam. Proceedings of the 1st national workshop on ecology and biological resources Hanoi, 17 May 2005: 129-137. [In Vietnamese with English summary]" title="An annotated distributional checklist of social wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) of Viet Nam. Proceedings of the 1 st national workshop on ecology and biological resources Hanoi, 17 May 2005: 129 - 137. [In Vietnamese with English summary]" year="2005">Nguyen et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
). In this study, some new localities in the northern part are added to the distribution range of the species, and a record of one locality in the southern part is also added.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="892AE592F0FB8C51AC1F5DC4BDF83244" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="253505C1F65A61D0F096BBE2C7CBCC6E" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CDF0425965E4918A4525869B0B531C71" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
<collectingCountry id="1885BD98E6421061497B6D6A48D3AD84" name="Vietnam">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="C11884FA6E59E0DD3A7EBDB4637FAAB8" country="Vietnam" name="Cao Bang">Cao Bang</collectingRegion>
[
<specimenCount id="409A0992909616AB8D35624931EFBBC0" type="female">2 ♀</specimenCount>
, Nguyen Binh, Thanh Cong,
<geoCoordinate id="A950F9F1CC6526ECDF21F178635D6EF5" degrees="22" direction="north" minutes="34" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="14.2" value="22.570612">22°34'14.2&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="3ADA33DD6120C5269B1EFB28284104B6" degrees="105" direction="east" minutes="52" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="51.7" value="105.88103">105°52'51.7&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="B332300BFDBD4C64DED78513691C2A6B" value="2012-08-09">9 Aug. 2012</date>
, J Kojima, H Nugroho &amp; IED-c leg.;
<specimenCount id="19FBAF7FE3268DEFC114796BCBF35260" type="female">2 ♀</specimenCount>
, Nguyen Binh, Thanh Cong,
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,
<geoCoordinate id="15324DA15A0D787894E0CEC65F4FC265" degrees="105" direction="east" minutes="52" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="52.7" value="105.88131">105°52'52.7&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="23BE20D0AB338E558B27DC946A7AD674" value="2012-08-08">8 Aug. 2012</date>
, J Kojima, H Nugroho &amp; IED-c leg.;
<specimenCount id="3EE772B154FA15FDFCE6B5ADBA1D4111" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, Nguyen Binh, Thanh Cong,
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,
<geoCoordinate id="0D5F890CCE144910BA4BA88ED6ECC459" degrees="105" direction="east" minutes="52" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="10.4" value="105.86956">105°52'10.4&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="F46580B9151D7AB6CE3C48D698ABB2C5" value="2012-08-07">7 Aug. 2012</date>
, J Kojima, H Nugroho &amp; IED-c leg.;
<specimenCount id="F1A04D32EDABA29463FA120C3B823382" type="female">6 ♀</specimenCount>
, Nguyen Binh, Tam Kim, Na Va,
<geoCoordinate id="D24E3BEF277C875F0279C7991C52AA83" degrees="22" direction="north" minutes="36" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="17" value="22.604723">22°36'17&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="0C31460C70D0EC2C09E0B52BCEB67D48" degrees="106" direction="east" minutes="01" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="47" value="106.029724">106°01'47&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, alt.
<quantity id="B5B9034654EC157499D3838D6B04DF99" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" unit="m" value="320.0">320m</quantity>
,
<date id="E28500A36BCA3612579E9DED3FF60A0A" value="2015-10-18">18 Oct. 2015</date>
, LPT Nguyen, DD Nguyen, MP Nguyen leg.;
<specimenCount id="D5FCC6ED6B123597EF8E017C4CAA4F8F" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, Nguyen Binh, Thanh Cong, Phia Oac,
<date id="F65685C6B72CE76B5071239FB55A1DEB" value="2012-08-11">11 Aug. 2012</date>
, ISD-c leg.;
<specimenCount id="8BD62BCD9B6D0856E8350524C0393C2D" type="female">2 ♀</specimenCount>
, Trung Khanh, Dam Thuy, Nguom Ngao cave,
<date id="F3C99BC85182137B8CDB1F2264CA2AC6" value="2015-04-28">28 Apr. 2015</date>
, LPT Nguyen leg.];
<specimenCount id="C2F2FEBD44C8E7BF1D27907507D48E5F" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion id="528F467DD9918C9D61DFFC0C06B5F37F" country="Vietnam" name="Bac Kan">Bac Kan</collectingRegion>
. Na Ri, Lan San, Kim Hy NR,
<date id="E1255E9F40EF78CF4AD96A421964C504" value="2014-06-03">3 Jun. 2014</date>
,
<geoCoordinate id="E9F7D4717B188E5A28224B5915B934E2" degrees="22" direction="north" minutes="14" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="22.233334">22°14'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="D404743707B1018D3F18C4C1A3480E2A" degrees="106" direction="east" minutes="5" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="106.083336">106°5'E</geoCoordinate>
, SV Tran leg.;
<specimenCount id="7874CD49850E081A38C7AF66ACAA3297" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion id="BFE94354D25C9C88A39D44B6FFF4E900" country="Vietnam" name="Thai Nguyen">Thai Nguyen</collectingRegion>
, Dai Tu, Phuc Xuyen,
<date id="CBCFB33B2D99B6A299F4337435543FB2" value="2012-04-23">23 Apr. 2012</date>
, LD Khuat leg.;
<specimenCount id="3E2C92B8E069B24F85C4625E257E1A1A" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion id="CC21781B16276530B5C7C8C3BB81A9F2" country="Vietnam" name="Thai Nguyen">Thai Nguyen</collectingRegion>
, Dai Tu,
<date id="EBB8D91104368DCFC382299AC577653E" value="2006-09-29">29 Sep. 2006</date>
, LD Khuat leg.;
<specimenCount id="64590CD185D0B1F6B48ACA8EEE220D36" type="female">3 ♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion id="63689501B5EA9521F7CD8CBFC54789E2" country="Vietnam" name="Phu Tho">Phu Tho</collectingRegion>
, Xuan Son NP, alt.
<quantity id="D2F0B473FA525B8F71DF8104AE831A9E" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" unit="m" value="550.0" valueMax="600.0" valueMin="500.0">500-600 m</quantity>
,
<date id="064FBA03AF2D78358F6B25911AE94C5A" value="2004-06-12" valueMax="2004-06-13" valueMin="2004-06-12">12-13 Jun. 2004</date>
, LTP Nguyen leg.;
<specimenCount id="9EA3BFB6ABDC58A8B4F510D282A60478" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion id="24CC1520B52BF4A7C3667715A403B891" country="Vietnam" name="Thai Nguyen">Thai Nguyen</collectingRegion>
, Xuan Dai, Tan Son,
<date id="A7BA2295D891B3D862C3E38CC14E6F56" value="2011-05-20">20 May 2011</date>
, HP Pham leg.;
<collectingRegion id="291C052929A3D209377751FEAA454E34" country="Vietnam" name="Bac Giang">Bac Giang</collectingRegion>
[
<specimenCount id="4575E97C4A5C40498477685B26D0D42D" type="female">5 ♀</specimenCount>
, Son Dong, An Lac, Keo Vang,
<geoCoordinate id="3E5E6B7C29A8D200F2B3B577BF528B71" degrees="21" direction="north" minutes="18" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="46" value="21.312777">21°18'46&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="125E3BC0A6CC19A8E99598A3FD8A3FE8" degrees="106" direction="east" minutes="56" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="106.933334">106°56'E</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="A78BC65E562DD7CA9F91C00CAE05EBB8" value="2014-06-04">4 Jun. 2014</date>
, LTP Nguyen, DD Nguyen, DD Tran leg.;
<specimenCount id="A4F05165DF34B344E52AADB1307E46C8" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, Son Dong, Tuan Dao, Khe Dan, Tay Yen Tu NR,
<date id="D7E3FEA528E814B011115827C4127573" value="2010-07-04">4 Jul. 2010</date>
, DD Tran leg.;
<specimenCount id="E31EB1FA5F71C6F84E70E9C9E216FC14" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, Son Dong, Khe Vang,
<date id="279BD0F9CFD19152B75CFEE95955F3B2" value="2013-05-16">16 May 2013</date>
, DD Nguyen leg.;
<specimenCount id="E725784DEFB8C1CF0C267054C02C843B" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, Son Dong, An Lac, Dong Bay,
<date id="232F3EFF9ACFEDEDA8A8B2F740638933" value="2012-08-12">12 Aug. 2012</date>
, J Kojima, H Nugroho &amp; IED-c leg.];
<specimenCount id="53A0B635816E5BB46D8D6770B3F13709" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion id="EB99F7A84F787D65D8A1B7C44D44D970" country="Vietnam" name="Quang Ninh">Quang Ninh</collectingRegion>
, Yen Tu mountain,
<date id="DF3F21DFA30856CDF622F58301295C85" value="2002-03-04">4 Mar. 2002</date>
, LPT Nguyen leg.;
<collectingRegion id="7949802DE022A4B0677D2F68CFCF8D28" country="Vietnam" name="Hoa Binh">Hoa Binh</collectingRegion>
[
<specimenCount id="165D704AFC3AC4E3196746663A283903" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, Yen Thuy, Da Phuc,
<date id="BD3726F99A4049E9D00F77A4AD1CD7AA" value="2012-04-27">27 Apr. 2012</date>
, HT Dang leg.;
<specimenCount id="481BE3E72DC6245818ED40225496F920" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, Mai Chau, Chieng Chau, Lac village, alt.
<quantity id="8ECB0DDE760B72BF8F0B2A8705B59D3B" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" unit="m" value="600.0">600m</quantity>
,
<date id="65687BD119E0688667A6E0899FAF0DA9" value="2008-06-10">10 Jun. 2008</date>
, LPT Nguyen &amp;
<collectingCountry id="A90EF35D6EA993D75A1A0828C6F8C178" name="Philippines">PH</collectingCountry>
Pham leg.; Ha Noi [
<specimenCount id="171CFC8353E06C46EF9F9D80F249334E" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, Ba Vi, Van Hoa,
<date id="AA26CA6ACC861317A951F65F121C6DF9" value="2001-06-03">03 Jun. 2001</date>
, LPT Nguyen leg.;
<specimenCount id="3F99F325B75AF85D220EC2B809212D1B" type="female">3 ♀</specimenCount>
, Ba Vi, Yen Bai, Suoi Mo, alt.
<quantity id="CFC843D850AF716F520B9716D4738DAF" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</quantity>
,
<date id="27CB625A87365AD8CE4322F587C04EDA" value="2001-06-01">01 Jun. 2001</date>
, LPT Nguyen leg.]; Hai Phong [
<specimenCount id="256AFDC5785066D0E228FA69A967730A" type="female">4 ♀</specimenCount>
, Cat Ba NP,
<geoCoordinate id="CCDD7384524E3919C1895C5222446CC4" degrees="20" direction="north" minutes="47" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="58" value="20.799444">20°47'58&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 106°59'93&quot;E, Nest#-CB-2013-Po-01,
<date id="ABD2A15DE6ED1F7541A7B8FCFD134FCA" value="2013-07-26">26 Jul. 2013</date>
, LTP Nguyen leg.;
<specimenCount id="FA7507D75EB2825E33A32816EA78D687" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, Cat Ba NP,
<date id="163C0E192C82273E3C9B87B77D153DA2" value="2003-06-10">10 Jun. 2003</date>
, DL Khuat leg.]; Vinh Phuc [
<specimenCount id="7DB8A85D3C38E0D2BF843319ADB2CD82" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, Me Linh, Ngoc Thanh,
<date id="35E933F213FE06080F3D2AC855AF44CD" value="2000-08-02">02 Aug. 2000</date>
, LX Truong leg.;
<specimenCount id="C6FBED2F2F1B0EB3B9F5525FDB489E17" type="female">6 ♀</specimenCount>
, Tam Dao NP, 2005,
<geoCoordinate id="AF21EB4C373BEAA1FA6408A08797B640" degrees="21" direction="north" minutes="26" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="21.433332">21°26'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="958CF483B207DB1E33CC373F6F84F8F5" degrees="105" direction="east" minutes="37" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="105.61667">105°37'E</geoCoordinate>
, alt.
<quantity id="7B80D975CCBAA3AF817E36A4DFC970B3" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" unit="m" value="400.0">400 m</quantity>
, 20 Aug., J. Kojima leg.;
<specimenCount id="43841E66DF40BE21B1D66067EA9AF1D0" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, Me Linh, Ngoc Thanh,
<date id="3293C696A102E9ACE2C81E72295F035B" value="2001-06-13">13 Jun. 2001</date>
, LX Truong leg.;
<specimenCount id="8053500CA1AC741CDDC106623E2B8569" type="female">8 ♀</specimenCount>
, Tam Dao, alt.
<quantity id="FA2A1CF0FEDB61DE07FBD200A4EF10E2" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="0.9" unit="m" value="1050.0" valueMax="1200.0" valueMin="900.0">900-1200m</quantity>
,
<date id="7B06EB438B7D79B28E6ACF91332F1F3C" value="2012-07-30" valueMax="2012-08-03" valueMin="2012-07-30">30 Jul.-3 Aug. 2012</date>
, DT Tran leg.;
<specimenCount id="9EC6738548659CA87E6CDC6D196DAB23" type="female">6 ♀</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="58AC9D53472DC3883AA19436BCEC3F0E" type="male">21 ♂</specimenCount>
, Phuc Yen, Me Linh, Nest# 2012-ML-P-01,
<date id="50AD02BEAA1BB29182F371D3412FBFB1" value="2012-11-11">11 Nov. 2012</date>
, J Kojima, DT Dang &amp; LPT Nguyen leg.]; Thanh Hoa, Thuong Xuan, Van Xuan, Hon Can, Xuan Lien NR [
<specimenCount id="491D5F1FBFA8EC97ED41E29E838F7DD5" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
,
<date id="79B780F3D120A6A834637EA6B67E4746" value="2012-08-23" valueMax="2012-08-24" valueMin="2012-08-23">23-24 Aug. 2012</date>
, LPT Nguyen &amp; TV Hoang leg.;
<specimenCount id="C7AE693CF9E0ABE539F5240CB1FAE7F1" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
,
<geoCoordinate id="873928D75A88B43368AC522F3E26402C" degrees="19" direction="north" minutes="51" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="41.2" value="19.861444">19°51'41.2&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="468E4D9C729C41D37A7922FBC34D8FF1" degrees="105" direction="east" minutes="14" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="6" value="105.23499">105°14'6&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, alt.
<quantity id="86B87F59BEE44B91E8B7086ECA8EBA07" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" unit="m" value="175.0">175 m</quantity>
,
<date id="4D087C06B4EDC55F5D2B2C8406617D4F" value="2012-08-27">27 Aug. 2012</date>
, LPT Nguyen leg.];
<specimenCount id="03C321FDC834AB236190A6980754FC59" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, Nghe An, Con Cuong, Khe Bu,
<date id="D6A8315E98FD2C7E39296A47D6A11BB6" value="2006-04-16">16 Apr. 2006</date>
, ISD-c leg., light trap;
<specimenCount id="362D84955832BF0E3B4D1C3904EE1F0B" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, Ha Tinh, Huong Son, Son Kim, alt.
<quantity id="85F6822A0B5599432C6E8A27E7E9D6A0" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" unit="m" value="400.0">400 m</quantity>
,
<date id="0E72992D6E2DC0DE1EEC6DBFDBA34912" value="2004-05-06">06 May 2004</date>
, LPT Nguyen leg.;
<specimenCount id="AF426469FBDB8CD9EC59F69F508970FE" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, Quang Binh, Quang Ninh, Truong Son, U Bo, alt.
<quantity id="0192BEAB8952BC3F9E9A6B62A18C6651" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.25" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="6.5" unit="m" value="725.0" valueMax="800.0" valueMin="650.0">650-800 m</quantity>
,
<date id="207B3BEEE954C2375A2E8D921953A53F" value="2006-06-10">10 Jun. 2006</date>
, LTP Nguyen leg.;
<specimenCount id="402324F6894F04C8F35E556B8B4BB86E" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, Thua Thien Hue, Phu Loc, Bach Ma NP,
<date id="6D8ADD9135822CDD94E29CF23409B183" value="2001-05-30">30 May 2001</date>
, LD Khuat leg.;
<specimenCount id="FDEE11BF08F9A48461FFBED67595B97F" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, Quang Nam,
<collectingRegion id="0B22FA8230879CFD60B52091D2AE45C1" inferredBySuffix="true">Dong Giang</collectingRegion>
, Macoih,
<date id="761B6ABD5063484CB6555E27B4124894" value="2006-05-27">27 May 2006</date>
, ISD-c leg.
</paragraph>
<caption id="B8C5B9EB3F17AABCA32032B58D4AACE5" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3599974" doi="10.3897/jhr.74.47795.figures1-12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/367375" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" start="Figures 1–12" startId="F1">
<paragraph id="1AD41C98C8AE3D86738519A076F43A09" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="903D0F1B3E68413B6D8CD63E6A17876B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Figures 1-12.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5E0E95A6F4889D400C35B5AC30A583D4" authorityName="Kwietniewski" authorityYear="1897" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Gyrostoma" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gyrostoma" order="Actiniaria" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="080AF34F57103782BF433DCEC3EB5207" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Gyrostoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species.
<emphasis id="ED40DF1FEC882F6F079259AC054F2D13" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">1-3</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D944A1AAC8AB4FBA1B6686F04F6C1001" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes gigas" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gigas">
<emphasis id="FBEEF52D5A0DA80A3057AF77B7F451A5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Polistes gigas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<specimenCount id="A5EEC4E98C9588D1AA79121B3E4C88A8" type="female">
<emphasis id="C3952D276D44FF9B502858510F8E6200" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">1</emphasis>
female
</specimenCount>
head, frontal view
<specimenCount id="FA27766E33C3D3AC3BDA02216A447172" type="male">
<emphasis id="08256C1F8BB2186D0DECFB9F82E9A792" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">2</emphasis>
male
</specimenCount>
head, frontal view
<emphasis id="27254A0911D44CBA575E2D93CD80C2B6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">3</emphasis>
antennal flagellomeres 1-4.
<emphasis id="37FBF6EA2273F86D34B1BD46A4029D5E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">4-6</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="9E5A3584B76926B4C44127572088AD74" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes olivaceus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="olivaceus">
<emphasis id="41C6E50E390F7BED4172DEBB6B61B011" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Polistes olivaceus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<specimenCount id="45CAA10D94F5D1094380EE30D6E5056F" type="female">
<emphasis id="CDCDCB44CC61D9D1A6409B432622E1EA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">4</emphasis>
female
</specimenCount>
head, frontal view
<specimenCount id="D958256FFBEF91A54ED21DC7F936C87E" type="male">
<emphasis id="940772BB2E2275BBA5303E1E1BF6530B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">5</emphasis>
male
</specimenCount>
head, frontal view
<emphasis id="F0D6D1B92683F16ED07E2B21B0258848" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">6</emphasis>
antennal flagellomeres 1-4.
<emphasis id="5AA423DA5B114F4AC2EC63189D0B7EE9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">7-9</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="9B4EA16181036961A97514582091D9B7" authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1900" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes rothneyi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rothneyi">
<emphasis id="C2BA3DD9F2D626E0A14A3B60B9C31901" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Polistes rothneyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<specimenCount id="B69EF71E312B68AC34663BD1A0E3B8AF" type="female">
<emphasis id="D7A32AA6FBC3B02130594931A5A5E17D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">7</emphasis>
female
</specimenCount>
head, frontal view
<specimenCount id="D4C06A35C7C7D630A0026CC234F1A172" type="male">
<emphasis id="7ECF512BC75B282BE05923C94BDE6163" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">8</emphasis>
male
</specimenCount>
head, frontal view
<emphasis id="6658D1188CC47094DFBBD7999789C222" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">9</emphasis>
antennal flagellomeres 1-4.
<emphasis id="99CC26E8FD8ED8D11DFA354252B9405F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">10-12</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E92DE23A86F23226ED5D958408F5C40E" authorityName="Lepeletier" authorityYear="1836" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes tenebricosus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenebricosus">
<emphasis id="C0E9046272508DB25FAC182F55CB8E7A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Polistes tenebricosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<specimenCount id="5CFF6C0441E6ED9DD9328274962EC2DC" type="female">
<emphasis id="9A754CC1467E4B78D65596EE8B0D835A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">10</emphasis>
female
</specimenCount>
head, frontal view
<specimenCount id="00F94C03B59D34B7E0599FBF9197D725" type="male">
<emphasis id="158D787A2D5FB4D8FED5D0EE8CFAFE50" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">11</emphasis>
male
</specimenCount>
head, frontal view
<emphasis id="016D343770F2FD29A4257C02F45CDD0F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">12</emphasis>
Antennal flagellomeres 1-4.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F40D9338FC2709365DBB615F6B30E34A" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="9B00338BE7452EC23B9D85D4C448EA09" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E91AA3FD9A541C24BD8E0FB67488A4EC" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">India: Sikkim; southern China; Vietnam.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A237DF95389C8A36968998E5776B2D75" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" type="nest">
<paragraph id="49F33120DCCD9DC68B558F3ECD9F221E" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Nest.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="904FCAB8CD9D98F9F56692D328915649" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
A nest (Nest# 2012-ML-P-01) collected in Me Linh station, Vinh Phuc on 11 November 2012 was examined. The nest (
<figureCitation id="044F7EF768D66B2635E595A2FE4F61F4" captionStart="Figures 19–22" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 19 - 22. Nest of Gyrostoma species. 19, 20 Nest of P. gigas 21, 22 Nest of P. longus sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.74.47795.figures19-22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/367377" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" tableDoi="10.3897/jhr.74.47795.figures19-22">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
) was collected inside an old toilet, on the wall about 2 m from the ground, together with 8 females and 25 males.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8498CDA843F261AEAB2EA6B7541C0A54" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
Nest structural characters are as follows. Single comb, nearly round in shape with diameter of the comb nearly 10cm and 10cm in height, tough paper-like in texture, bicoloured, almost all dark brown mixed with reddish gray, expanded from the petiole to form fan-shape in ventral view, with dorsal surface slightly concave. One-third of the cell length from the bottom at outside covered with sharp thorns (
<figureCitation id="4198B3D6297A86BC5A3711DF7413D6BC" captionStart="Figures 19–22" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 19 - 22. Nest of Gyrostoma species. 19, 20 Nest of P. gigas 21, 22 Nest of P. longus sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.74.47795.figures19-22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/367377" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" tableDoi="10.3897/jhr.74.47795.figures19-22">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
). The cell where the petiole is placed is longest, about 88 mm in length, and the length of the other two next cells is 71 mm (while only 51.8 mm and 45.5 mm deep respectively). Outside of those cells with a fold at about one-third of the length from the bottom implying that the wasps may have reused the nest. Petiole single, terminal, with thick central core of plant fibers, 8.7 mm long and 4.6
<normalizedToken id="6150BCF7ACC2843EBD604465D1B95ACD" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
4.7 mm thick. Cells generally arranged in regular rows, round at open end; cell gradually expanded towards open end, 8.4 mm (range 7.0-10.3; n=10) wide at bottom and 14.8 mm (rang 13.5-16.7; n = 10) wide at open end, 49.7 mm (range 43.6-52.9; n=10) deep; cell wall about 0.25 mm thick; cocoon cap strongly domed beyond level of cell opening, whitish gray.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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