202 lines
18 KiB
XML
202 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.7.5860" ID-GBIF-Dataset="585eb5ed-fea5-4f50-8c2e-94cfe932a9f2" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152023619" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-4049-7-45" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2013" ModsDocID="1314-4049-7-45" ModsDocOrigin="MycoKeys 7" ModsDocTitle="DNA barcoding and morphological studies reveal two new species of waxcap mushrooms (Hygrophoraceae) in Britain" checkinTime="1451252981636" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Ainsworth, A. Martyn, Cannon, Paul F. & Dentinger, Bryn T. M." docDate="2013" docId="7CFE0AF61BEF2EF01DAD734D4E11ADEF" docLanguage="en" docName="MycoKeys 7: 45-62" docOrigin="MycoKeys 7" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.7.5860" docTitle="Gliophorus reginae Dentinger, A. M. Ainsw., & P. F. Cannon, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="50" masterDocId="3237FFB35D6E30685213FFA449682814" masterDocTitle="DNA barcoding and morphological studies reveal two new species of waxcap mushrooms (Hygrophoraceae) in Britain" masterLastPageNumber="62" masterPageNumber="45" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" updateTime="1643539565445" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>DNA barcoding and morphological studies reveal two new species of waxcap mushrooms (Hygrophoraceae) in Britain</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Ainsworth, A. Martyn</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Cannon, Paul F.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Dentinger, Bryn T. M.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>MycoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>7</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>45</mods:start>
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<mods:end>62</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.7.5860</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.7.5860</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-4049-7-45</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152023619" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7CFE0AF61BEF2EF01DAD734D4E11ADEF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7CFE0AF61BEF2EF01DAD734D4E11ADEF" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="48" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="48">
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<taxonomicName LSID="Registration Identifier: IndexFungorum IF550184" authority="Dentinger, A. M. Ainsw., & P. F. Cannon" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hygrophoraceae" genus="Gliophorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Gliophorus reginae" order="Agaricales" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="reginae">Gliophorus reginae Dentinger, A.M.Ainsw., & P.F.Cannon</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="3" pageNumber="48">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figures 2, 3, 6
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="48" type="holotype">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="48">Holotype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="48">
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UNITED KINGDOM. England. Worcestershire (vice county 37): Bewdley, Willow Bank,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="52.357666">52°21.46'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-2.3736668">2°22.42'W</geoCoordinate>
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(Nat. Grid Ref. SO746733), 24 Jan 2008, R.Winnall (K(M)156265)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="48">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">
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Pileus 15-55 mm diam., hemispherical to broadly conical or campanulate, initially with incurved margin, becoming applanate, often retaining broad umbo and irregular, lobed outline with indentations, folds and pleats, sometimes becoming radially furrowed, or split and flared, margin faintly to strongly translucently striate to half-way and becoming reflexed to highly revolute, viscid with gelatinous
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<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="49" start="start">pellicle</pageBreakToken>
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, sometimes with minutely rugose texture, at first usually dull violet purple (vinaceous grey to purple) with areas of pink, darker red or red-brown tones (rose, blood red to rusty tawny), sometimes more brownish (purplish date to dark brick), becoming paler and pinkish especially around margin which can also develop yellow (luteous) or yellow-brown (fulvous) tints, hygrophanous, dried pilei characteristically pale orange (saffron) flushed pink (rose). Lamellae ventricose, mostly narrowly adnate with some free, sinuate or broadly adnate elements, intervenose, concolorous with pileus near pileal attachment, becoming paler towards free edge, sometimes with yellow (luteous) or orange (saffron) tints. Stipe 15-70
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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5-15 mm, relatively stout, sometimes tapering upwards from the clavate base, hollow, often flexuose or tortuous, compressed or grooved, viscid but usually slightly less so than pileus, white often apically tinged with pileal colour and basally yellow (luteous) to pale orange (saffron) or becoming so, sometimes with purplish (vinaceous grey) blotches if frosted. Outer tissues of context concolorous with adjacent external surfaces, inner tissues paler. Dried lamellar trama (lens) often conspicuously dark pink (coral), contrasting with paler subhymenium and lamellar surfaces. Green pigments entirely absent. Without distinctive taste or smell. Spores [120, K(M)181126*, K(M)181127*, K(M)181128*, K(M)181129*] 6.0-8.5(-9.0)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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4.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–5.5(–">-5.5(-</normalizedToken>
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6.0)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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, per-basidioma mean values 7.0-7.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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5.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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, Q=1.2-2.0, mean 1.5, short-ellipsoidal to ellipsoidal, not constricted. Basidia predominantly 4-spored, clavate, relatively long and slender with long attenuated base, (37
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–)40–63(–">-)40-63(-</normalizedToken>
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67)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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6-10
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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excluding sterigmatal length (4.0-8.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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). Clamp connections on basidia, within lamellar trama and pileipellis often with conspicuously looped hook cells (medallion clamps). Lamellar trama subregular with some interwoven elements, compartments 24-183
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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4-24
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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. Stipitipellis and pileipellis are ixotrichoderms.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="49">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="49">
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Figure 2. Basidiomata of
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<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hygrophoraceae" genus="Gliophorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Gliophorus reginae" order="Agaricales" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="reginae">Gliophorus reginae</taxonomicName>
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showing pileal colour range:
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
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purple,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="E–F">E-F</normalizedToken>
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pink and
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<normalizedToken originalValue="G–H">G-H</normalizedToken>
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reddish brown, scale bars represent 20 mm. Photographs
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<normalizedToken originalValue="C–F">C-F</normalizedToken>
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taken in situ at the type locality. A, B K(M)181115* photographed by R.D. Foster. C K(M)181117* and D K(M)181123 photographed by R. Winnall. E(left), F K(M)181128* and E (right) K(M)181127* photographed by A.M.A. G, H K(M)181124* photographed by D.J. Harries.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="49">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="49">
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Figure 3. Microscopic characters of
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<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hygrophoraceae" genus="Gliophorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Gliophorus reginae" order="Agaricales" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="reginae">Gliophorus reginae</taxonomicName>
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collected from the type locality,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="B–G">B-G</normalizedToken>
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mounted in Congo Red, scale bars represent 10
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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. A Spores from water mount of spore print K(M)181127* B Subregular lamellar trama from squash mount K(M)181129* C Pileipellis hyphae showing medallion clamp connections K(M)181127*
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<normalizedToken originalValue="D–F">D-F</normalizedToken>
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Basidial developmental series K(M)181129* G Basidium K(M)181127*.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="49" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="49">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="49">Known from a cemetery in West Wales (Pembrokeshire) and fields in central England (Worcestershire, Staffordshire and Derbyshire). The earliest known collection was made by C. Lovatt in Staffordshire in 1996 who noted that she had recorded similar specimens in 1994. It has fruited on private land at Willow Bank (Worcestershire) almost every year from 2000 onwards and recorded there in five discrete fruiting patches in a single field of ca. 0.8 ha.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="49" type="ecology">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="49">Ecology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="49">In unimproved short (grazed or mown) acid-neutral rough pasture or other grassland. This species is often a relatively late fruiter and can continue producing basidiomata in January, long after other waxcaps have finished.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="49" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="49">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="49">Latin reginae meaning "of a queen", named for the royal purple colour of the basidiomata and to celebrate the diamond jubilee of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II in 2012 and the 60th anniversary of her coronation in 2013.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" type="conservation status">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="49">Conservation status.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">
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Collectors noted that although basidiomata of this species resembled
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<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hygrophoraceae" genus="Gliophorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Gliophorus psittacinus" order="Agaricales" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="psittacinus">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="50" start="start">Gliophorus</pageBreakToken>
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psittacinus
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</taxonomicName>
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, some characters such as pileal colour and radial splitting, were more characteristic of
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<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hygrophoraceae" genus="Hygrocybe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Hygrocybe calyptriformis" order="Agaricales" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="calyptriformis">Hygrocybe calyptriformis</taxonomicName>
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. Furthermore, dried collections of the latter and
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<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hygrophoraceae" genus="Gliophorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Gliophorus reginae" order="Agaricales" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="reginae">Gliophorus reginae</taxonomicName>
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often attained a similar reddish-coral tint in the fungarium that was distinct from the pale saffron of
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<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hygrophoraceae" genus="Gliophorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Gliophorus psittacinus" order="Agaricales" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="psittacinus">Gliophorus psittacinus</taxonomicName>
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. This similarity facilitated a rapid search of the British
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<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hygrophoraceae" genus="Gliophorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Gliophorus psittacinus" order="Agaricales" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="psittacinus">Gliophorus psittacinus</taxonomicName>
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collections at Kew, but no additional
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<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hygrophoraceae" genus="Gliophorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Gliophorus reginae" order="Agaricales" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="reginae">Gliophorus reginae</taxonomicName>
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specimens were discovered. This suggests that it is genuinely rare in Britain and Endangered (EN D, <250 mature individuals) might be the current regional conservation assessment following IUCN guidelines, categories and criteria (
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<bibRefCitation author="IUCN," journalOrPublisher="IUCN, Gland" pageId="12" pageNumber="57" pagination="1 - 32" title="IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria ver. 3.1" year="2012 a">IUCN 2012a</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="IUCN," journalOrPublisher="IUCN, Gland" pageId="12" pageNumber="57" pagination="1 - 41" title="Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels ver. 4.0." year="2012 b">b</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="IUCN," journalOrPublisher="IUCN, Gland" pageId="12" pageNumber="57" title="Guidelines for using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria ver. 10." url="http://jr.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" year="2013">2013</bibRefCitation>
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). However, we think that this species is so poorly known at present that it should be assessed as Data Deficient pending further survey work.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" type="other specimens examined">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="50">Other specimens examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">
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United Kingdom. England. Derbyshire (vice county 57): Edale, Lower Hollins Farm,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="53.364">53°21.84'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-1.7993333">1°47.96'W</geoCoordinate>
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(Nat. Grid Ref. SK134852), 5 Oct 2010, R.D.Foster WCS8 WX108 (K(M)181114). Ibid. 17 Oct 2010, R.D.Foster WCS15 WX115 (K(M)181115*). Woodlands Valley, Rowlee Bridge Fields,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="53.399834">53°23.99'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-1.7766666">1°46.60'W</geoCoordinate>
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(Nat. Grid Ref. SK149892), 9 Nov 2010, R.D.Foster WCS26 WX126 (K(M)181116*). Staffordshire (vice county 39): Danebridge (near),
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="53.170834">53°10.25'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-2.0665">2°3.99'W</geoCoordinate>
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(Nat. Grid Ref. SJ956637), 22 Oct 1996, C.Lovatt (K(M)41524*, sub
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<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hygrophoraceae" genus="Hygrocybe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Hygrocybe psittacina" order="Agaricales" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="psittacina">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="51" start="start">Hygrocybe</pageBreakToken>
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psittacina
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</taxonomicName>
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). Worcestershire (vice county 37): Bewdley, Bowcastle Farm cherry orchard,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="52.373">52°22.38'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-2.34">2°20.40'W</geoCoordinate>
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(Nat. Grid Ref. SO769750), 3 Nov 2004, R.Winnall WX461 (K(M)181227*). Bewdley, Willow Bank,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="52.357666">52°21.46'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-2.3736668">2°22.42'W</geoCoordinate>
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(Nat. Grid Ref. SO746733), 4 Nov 2001, R.Winnall (K(M)92058, sub
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<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hygrophoraceae" genus="Hygrocybe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Hygrocybe" order="Agaricales" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">Hygrocybe</taxonomicName>
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cf. psittacina). Ibid. 11 Nov 2004, R.Winnall WX459 (K(M)181117*). Ibid. 15 Dec 2004, R.Winnall WX460 (K(M)181123). Ibid. 18 Oct 2012, R.Winnall WX673 (K(M)181126*). Ibid. 15 Jan 2013, R.Winnall & A.M.Ainsworth WX694 (K(M)181127*), WX695 (K(M)181128*), WX696 (K(M)181129*). Wales. Pembrokeshire (vice county 45): Fishguard Cemetery,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="51.988335">51°59.30'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-4.9606667">4°57.64'W</geoCoordinate>
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(Nat. Grid Ref. SM96803634), 11 Nov 2011, J.E.Hodges DJH055 WX535 (K(M)181124*).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |