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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.82.67685" ID-GBIF-Dataset="11509077-dca2-4158-bc66-71c95691dd9e" ID-PMC="PMC8384826" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-4049-82-159" ID-Pensoft-UUID="05C011FCFF425AFA88EF574B72892E34" ID-PubMed="34475801" ModsDocID="1314-4049-82-159" checkinTime="1629294907852" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Paez, Carolina Pina, Healy, Rosanne A., Guevara, Gonzalo, Orijel, Roberto Garibay, Castellano, Michael A., Cazares, Efren &amp; Trappe, James M." docDate="2021" docId="C5613BB50DBC50578AD8AD05D8587F1E" docLanguage="en" docName="MycoKeys 82: 159-171" docOrigin="MycoKeys 82" docPubDate="2021-08-17" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.82.67685" docTitle="Pachyphlodes brunnea Guevara, Pina Paez &amp; Healy 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="05C011FCFF425AFA88EF574B72892E34" lastPageNumber="159" masterDocId="05C011FCFF425AFA88EF574B72892E34" masterDocTitle="Greetings from belowground: two new species of truffles in the genus Pachyphlodes (Pezizaceae, Pezizales) from Mexico" masterLastPageNumber="171" masterPageNumber="159" pageNumber="159" updateTime="1668136693017" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Greetings from belowground: two new species of truffles in the genus Pachyphlodes (Pezizaceae, Pezizales) from Mexico</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Paez, Carolina Pina</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2009-6703</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Instituto de Biologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Tercer Circuito s / n, Ciudad Universitaria Delegacion Coyoacan, C. P. 04510, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico &amp; Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, 97331, Oregon, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Healy, Rosanne A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida. 2550 Hull Rd, Gainesville, 32607, Florida, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Guevara, Gonzalo</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2707-4531</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Instituto Tecnologico de Ciudad Victoria. Av. Portes Gil 1301 Poniente, C. P. 87010 Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas, Mexico</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Orijel, Roberto Garibay</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Instituto de Biologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Tercer Circuito s / n, Ciudad Universitaria Delegacion Coyoacan, C. P. 04510, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">rgaribay@ib.unam.mx</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Castellano, Michael A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 3200 Jefferson Way, Corvallis, 97331, Oregon, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Cazares, Efren</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, 97331, Oregon, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Trappe, James M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 3200 Jefferson Way, Corvallis, 97331, Oregon, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>MycoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-08-17</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>82</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>159</mods:start>
<mods:end>171</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.82.67685</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.82.67685</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-4049-82-159</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">05C011FCFF425AFA88EF574B72892E34</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="184587209" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C5613BB50DBC50578AD8AD05D8587F1E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C5613BB50DBC50578AD8AD05D8587F1E" lastPageNumber="159" pageId="0" pageNumber="159">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="159" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="159">
<taxonomicName LSID="C5613BB5-0DBC-5057-8AD8-AD05D8587F1E" authority="Guevara, Piña Páez &amp; Healy" authorityName="Guevara, Pina Paez &amp; Healy" authorityYear="2021" class="Pezizomycetes" family="Pezizaceae" genus="Pachyphlodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Pachyphlodes brunnea" order="Pezizales" pageId="0" pageNumber="159" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="brunnea" status="sp. nov.">
Pachyphlodes brunnea Guevara,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Piña">Pina</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Páez">Paez</normalizedToken>
&amp; Healy
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="159">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="159" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="159">
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Pachyphlodes brunnea (Holotype: ITCV 896) a ascoma dried b gleba in cross-section c peridium in cross-section, showing a wart composed of isodiametric cells d light microscopy of asci and spores e, f SEM microscopy of spores in surface view. Scale bars: 3 mm (a, b), 20 µm (c, d), 5 µm (e, f)." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.82.67685.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/578447" pageId="0" pageNumber="159">Fig. 2a-d</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="159" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="159">
<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="159">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2006-11-11" collectorName="de Microondas, Schlecht., Cham., G. Guevara" country="Mexico" elevation="1549" latitude="23.616667" location="Torre de Microondas" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-99.24194" municipality="Ciudad Victoria" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Tamaulipas" typeStatus="holotype">
<normalizedToken originalValue="México">
<collectingCountry name="Mexico">Mexico</collectingCountry>
</normalizedToken>
,
<collectingRegion country="Mexico" name="Tamaulipas">Tamaulipas</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality>Ciudad Victoria</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C5613BB50DBC50578AD8AD05D8587F1E:13AD7C86F61DCEAD6E1C196EA760C6DD" country="Mexico" latitude="23.616667" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-99.24194" municipality="Ciudad Victoria" name="Torre de Microondas" stateProvince="Tamaulipas">
Torre
<collectorName>de Microondas</collectorName>
</location>
&quot;Las Mulas&quot;,
<geoCoordinate degrees="23" direction="north" minutes="37" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="00" value="23.616667">23°37'00&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="99" direction="west" minutes="14" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="31" value="-99.24194">99°14'31&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, alt.
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.549" unit="m" value="1549.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.549" unit="m" value="1549.0">1549 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, under
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus polymorpha" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="159" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="polymorpha">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="159">Quercus polymorpha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<collectorName>Schlecht.</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName>Cham.</collectorName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="159" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="159">Quercus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. and
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Juglandaceae" genus="Juglans" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Juglans" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="159" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="159">Juglans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp., hypogeous, solitary or in groups of 2,
<collectingDate value="2006-11-11">11 November 2006</collectingDate>
, col.
<collectorName>G. Guevara</collectorName>
(
<typeStatus>holotype</typeStatus>
: ITCV 896)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="159" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="159">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="159">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Guevara, Pina Paez &amp; Healy" authorityYear="2021" class="Pezizomycetes" family="Pezizaceae" genus="Pachyphlodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Pachyphlodes brunnea" order="Pezizales" pageId="0" pageNumber="159" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="brunnea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="159">Pachyphlodes brunnea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is be recognized by the dark brown ascomata and two-layered. Thick (474-570
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
) peridium, white gleba when immature, spores ornamented with capitate columns growing under
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="159" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="159">Quercus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and with an odor similar to raw potatoes.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="159" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="159">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="159">
Latin,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Guevara, Pina Paez &amp; Healy" authorityYear="2021" class="Pezizomycetes" family="Pezizaceae" genus="Pachyphlodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Pachyphlodes brunnea" order="Pezizales" pageId="0" pageNumber="159" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="brunnea">Pachyphlodes brunnea</taxonomicName>
in reference to the brown peridium.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="159" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="159">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="159">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="159">Ascomata</emphasis>
subglobose to ovoid, 15-17
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
10-15 mm, surface dry, with an irregular basal depression, surface dark brown when fresh (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Pachyphlodes brunnea (Holotype: ITCV 896) a ascoma dried b gleba in cross-section c peridium in cross-section, showing a wart composed of isodiametric cells d light microscopy of asci and spores e, f SEM microscopy of spores in surface view. Scale bars: 3 mm (a, b), 20 µm (c, d), 5 µm (e, f)." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.82.67685.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/578447" pageId="0" pageNumber="159">2a</figureCitation>
), with geometric, angular, or pyramidal warts 1 mm wide, with flattened, elevated, or rounded top. Gleba solid (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Pachyphlodes brunnea (Holotype: ITCV 896) a ascoma dried b gleba in cross-section c peridium in cross-section, showing a wart composed of isodiametric cells d light microscopy of asci and spores e, f SEM microscopy of spores in surface view. Scale bars: 3 mm (a, b), 20 µm (c, d), 5 µm (e, f)." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.82.67685.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/578447" pageId="0" pageNumber="159">2b</figureCitation>
), marbled with white sterile veins separating brownish, fertile tissue, overall brownish when dried. Odor of corn starch-like or of raw potatoes.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/mycokeys.82.67685.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/578447" pageId="0" pageNumber="159" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="159">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="159">Figure 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Guevara, Pina Paez &amp; Healy" authorityYear="2021" class="Pezizomycetes" family="Pezizaceae" genus="Pachyphlodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Pachyphlodes brunnea" order="Pezizales" pageId="0" pageNumber="159" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="brunnea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="159">Pachyphlodes brunnea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Holotype: ITCV 896)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="159">a</emphasis>
ascoma dried
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="159">b</emphasis>
gleba in cross-section
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="159">c</emphasis>
peridium in cross-section, showing a wart composed of isodiametric cells
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="159">d</emphasis>
light microscopy of asci and spores
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="159">e, f</emphasis>
SEM microscopy of spores in surface view. Scale bars: 3 mm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="159">a, b</emphasis>
), 20
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="159">c, d</emphasis>
), 5
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="159">e, f</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="159">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="159">Peridium</emphasis>
of two layers. Outer peridium 125-570
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
thick, of textura angularis, with warts up to 300-500 (-800)
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
high, outermost cells up to 42
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
broad, some ventricose or irregular, radial arrangement in some areas, walls 2-3 (-5)
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
thick, reddish-brown to orange-brown in 5% KOH, innermost cells up to 10
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
broad, walls 1-2
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
thick, hyaline in 3% KOH. Inner peridium 120-500 (-700)
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
thick, composed of hyaline, septate, interwoven hyphae (textura intricata), 5-12
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
broad, thin-walled 1-2
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
thick.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="159">Asci</emphasis>
8-spored, clavate, subclavate, subfusoid or irregular, 120-238
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
30-45
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
including pedicel, hyaline in 5% KOH, walls 1
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
thick, asci are scattered.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="159">Paraphyses</emphasis>
not detected.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="159">Ascospores</emphasis>
irregularly biseriate to uniseriate, hyaline in 5% KOH, globose, including ornamentation 18-22
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
broad, mean = 20
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
; excluding ornamentation 12-18 (-20)
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
broad, mean = 15
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
. Ornamentation averaging 1.5 (-2.0)
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
high, capitate columns, consisting of columns with a boarder, rounded tip.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="159" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="159">Distribution and ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="159">
Known only from northeastern
<normalizedToken originalValue="México">Mexico</normalizedToken>
(Tamaulipas, Nuevo Leon). Ascomata hypogeous always associated with
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus polymorpha" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="159" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="polymorpha">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="159">Quercus polymorpha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and DNA (JN102443) of this species were recovered from sampled roots of oak (JN102443) from Chipinque National Park in Nuevo
<normalizedToken originalValue="León">Leon</normalizedToken>
. No DNA sequences of this species were found in soil in central or southern
<normalizedToken originalValue="México">Mexico</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="159" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="159">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="159">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" country="Mexico" location="Torre de Microondas" municipality="Ciudad Victoria" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Tamaulipas">
<normalizedToken originalValue="México">
<collectingCountry name="Mexico">Mexico</collectingCountry>
</normalizedToken>
,
<collectingRegion country="Mexico" name="Tamaulipas">Tamaulipas</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality>Ciudad Victoria</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C5613BB50DBC50578AD8AD05D8587F1E:0A3130E1A758D0D3D70705FBFAA487FB" country="Mexico" municipality="Ciudad Victoria" name="Torre de Microondas" stateProvince="Tamaulipas">Torre de Microondas</location>
&quot;Las Mulas&quot;
</materialsCitation>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="23" direction="north" minutes="37" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="00" value="23.616667">23°37'00&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="99" direction="west" minutes="14" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="31" value="-99.24194">99°14'31&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, alt.
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.549" unit="m" value="1549.0">1549 m</quantity>
, under
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus polymorpha" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="159" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="polymorpha">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="159">Quercus polymorpha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="159" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="159">Quercus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. and
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Juglandaceae" genus="Juglans" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Juglans" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="159" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="159">Juglans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp., hypogeous, solitary or in pairs,
<date value="2006-11-11">November 11, 2006</date>
, col. G. Guevara (ITCV 891; No ITS); Carretera Victoria, El Madrono,
<materialsCitation accessionNumber="MT461399" collectingDate="2008-08-01" collectorName="G. Bonito, GenBank" country="Mexico" elevation="1460" latitude="23.600834" location="Liebm." longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-99.21889" municipality="Trel." specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Tamaulipas">
<geoCoordinate degrees="23" direction="north" minutes="36" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="3" value="23.600834">23°36'3&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="99" direction="west" minutes="13" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="8" value="-99.21889">99°13'8&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, alt.
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.46" unit="m" value="1460.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.46" unit="m" value="1460.0">1460 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, under
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus canbyi" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="159" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="canbyi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="159">Quercus canbyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<collectingMunicipality>Trel.</collectingMunicipality>
,
<taxonomicName lsidName="Q. polymorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="159" rank="species" species="polymorpha">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="159">Q. polymorpha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName lsidName="Q. laeta" pageId="0" pageNumber="159" rank="species" species="laeta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="159">Q. laeta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C5613BB50DBC50578AD8AD05D8587F1E:FCCC8E6194D2DDB4EE11AB665935B814" country="Mexico" latitude="23.600834" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-99.21889" municipality="Trel." name="Liebm." stateProvince="Tamaulipas">Liebm.</location>
, hypogeous,
<collectingDate value="2008-08-01">August 1, 2008</collectingDate>
, col.
<collectorName>G. Bonito</collectorName>
(JT32623;
<collectorName>GenBank</collectorName>
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/MT461399">MT461399</accessionNumber>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation accessionNumber="EU427551" collectingDate="1983-09-14" collectorName="El Cercado, J. Garcia, GenBank" country="Mexico" location="Municipio de Santiago" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Nuevo Leon">
<collectingRegion country="Mexico" name="Nuevo Leon">
Nuevo
<normalizedToken originalValue="León">Leon</normalizedToken>
</collectingRegion>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C5613BB50DBC50578AD8AD05D8587F1E:637414FDB5B98D5AB266D42FF0B4FE64" country="Mexico" name="Municipio de Santiago" stateProvince="Nuevo Leon">Municipio de Santiago</location>
,
<collectorName>El Cercado</collectorName>
<collectingDate value="1983-09-14">September 14, 1983</collectingDate>
, col
<collectorName>
J.
<normalizedToken originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
</collectorName>
(UNL 3757;
<collectorName>GenBank</collectorName>
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/EU427551">EU427551</accessionNumber>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="159" type="taxonomic comments">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="159">Taxonomic comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="159">
The ITS sequences of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Guevara, Pina Paez &amp; Healy" authorityYear="2021" class="Pezizomycetes" family="Pezizaceae" genus="Pachyphlodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Pachyphlodes brunnea" order="Pezizales" pageId="0" pageNumber="159" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="brunnea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="159">Pachyphlodes brunnea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are similar to those of
<taxonomicName kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="P. marronina" pageId="0" pageNumber="159" rank="species" species="marronina">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="159">P. marronina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(97.79% of identity and 12 nucleotide differences in ITS region), which is why it was originally described as
<taxonomicName kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="P. marronina" pageId="0" pageNumber="159" rank="species" species="marronina">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="159">P. marronina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, the peridium color and geographic location of these two species differ considerably. Spore ornamentation also separates them. The fresh peridium of
<taxonomicName kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="P. marronina" pageId="0" pageNumber="159" rank="species" species="marronina">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="159">P. marronina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is red with indistinct warts, while that of
<taxonomicName kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="P. brunnea" pageId="0" pageNumber="159" rank="species" species="brunnea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="159">P. brunnea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is dark brown with distinct angular warts. The angular to pyramidal warts in the peridium of
<taxonomicName kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="P. brunnea" pageId="0" pageNumber="159" rank="species" species="brunnea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="159">P. brunnea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
aretaller (300-800
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
) than the lower, indistinct warts on
<taxonomicName kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="P. marronina" pageId="0" pageNumber="159" rank="species" species="marronina">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="159">P. marronina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(160-270
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
). The spines in
<taxonomicName kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="P. marronina" pageId="0" pageNumber="159" rank="species" species="marronina">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="159">P. marronina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are taller (1.5-3.0
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
) than
<taxonomicName kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="P. brunnea" pageId="0" pageNumber="159" rank="species" species="brunnea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="159">P. brunnea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(1.5-2.0
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
), conferring a different aspect to the spores overall (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Pachyphlodes brunnea (Holotype: ITCV 896) a ascoma dried b gleba in cross-section c peridium in cross-section, showing a wart composed of isodiametric cells d light microscopy of asci and spores e, f SEM microscopy of spores in surface view. Scale bars: 3 mm (a, b), 20 µm (c, d), 5 µm (e, f)." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.82.67685.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/578447" pageId="0" pageNumber="159">2e, f</figureCitation>
).
<taxonomicName authorityName="Guevara, Pina Paez &amp; Healy" authorityYear="2021" class="Pezizomycetes" family="Pezizaceae" genus="Pachyphlodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Pachyphlodes brunnea" order="Pezizales" pageId="0" pageNumber="159" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="brunnea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="159">Pachyphlodes brunnea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
superficially resembles
<taxonomicName kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="P. melanoxantha" pageId="0" pageNumber="159" rank="species" species="melanoxantha">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="159">P. melanoxantha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Tul. &amp; C. Tul. ex Berk.) Doweld and
<taxonomicName kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="P. annagardnerae" pageId="0" pageNumber="159" rank="species" species="annagardnerae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="159">P. annagardnerae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
R.A. Healy &amp; M.E. Sm., but the latter two are black to the unaided eye, purple under transmitted light, have acute tipped spiny spores, and
<taxonomicName kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="P. melanoxantha" pageId="0" pageNumber="159" rank="species" species="melanoxantha">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="159">P. melanoxantha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is said to have a nauseous odor (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/03745484409442617" author="Berkeley, MJ" journalOrPublisher="Mycorrhiza" pageId="0" pageNumber="159" refId="B2" refString="Berkeley, MJ, 1844. XLII - Notices of British Fungi, Annals and Magazine of Natural History 13: 1-85. [340-36]. https://doi.org/10.1080/03745484409442617" title="XLII - Notices of British Fungi, Annals and Magazine of Natural History 13: 1 - 85. [340 - 36]." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/03745484409442617" year="1844">Berkeley 1844</bibRefCitation>
). In contrast,
<taxonomicName kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="P. brunnea" pageId="0" pageNumber="159" rank="species" species="brunnea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="159">P. brunnea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is dark brown to the unaided eye, yellowish-brown under transmitted light, and has a pure white gleba with capitate spore spines and a pleasant odor.
<taxonomicName class="Pezizomycetes" family="Pezizaceae" genus="Pachyphlodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Pachyphlodes annagardnerae" order="Pezizales" pageId="0" pageNumber="159" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="annagardnerae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="159">Pachyphlodes annagardnerae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has no perceptible odor.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>