187 lines
15 KiB
XML
187 lines
15 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.286.4438" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8eb9e776-76c2-4f09-8964-77205d602229" ID-PMC="PMC3677357" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-286-1" ID-PubMed="23794844" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2013" ModsDocID="1313-2970-286-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 286" ModsDocTitle="Revision of Sternaspis Otto, 1821 (Polychaeta, Sternaspidae)" checkinTime="1451247449682" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Sendall, Kelly & Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I." docDate="2013" docId="19FA91E746B60772926CED0741683BC9" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 286: 1-74" docOrigin="ZooKeys 286" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.286.4438" docTitle="Sternaspidae Carus 1863" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="16" masterDocId="E62FFF94FFE6FFFEEA0AE45616142716" masterDocTitle="Revision of Sternaspis Otto, 1821 (Polychaeta, Sternaspidae)" masterLastPageNumber="74" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="15" updateTime="1668155612909" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Revision of Sternaspis Otto, 1821 (Polychaeta, Sternaspidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Sendall, Kelly</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>286</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>74</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.286.4438</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.286.4438</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-286-1</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152042401" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:19FA91E746B60772926CED0741683BC9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/19FA91E746B60772926CED0741683BC9" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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Family
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Sternaspidae" authority="Carus, 1863" authorityName="Carus" authorityYear="1863" family="Sternaspidae" lsidName="" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="family">Sternaspidae Carus, 1863</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="type genus">
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Type genus.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Sternaspidae" genus="Sternaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sternaspis" order="Terebellida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Sternaspis</taxonomicName>
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Otto, 1821.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Body peanut-shaped. Introvert with falcate, tapered or subdistally expanded hooks. Segments 7-8 constricted, with genital papillae protruding ventrally. Pre-shield region with 7 or 8 segments. Ventro-caudal shield usually stiff, often provided with radiating ribs and concentric lines, rarely flexible. Marginal shield chaetal fascicles include lateral and posterior chaetae, sometimes peg chaetae or additional delicate chaetae present. Branchiae coiled, abundant filaments, emerging from two lateral dorsal plates, near the anus, or directly from the body wall. Additional, thinner coiled interbranchial papillae present.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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Composition. Three genera:
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<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Sternaspidae" genus="Sternaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sternaspis" order="Terebellida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Sternaspis</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Sternaspidae" genus="Caulleryaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caulleryaspis" order="Terebellida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Caulleryaspis</taxonomicName>
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gen. n. and
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<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Sternaspidae" genus="Petersenaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Petersenaspis" order="Terebellida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Petersenaspis</taxonomicName>
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gen. n.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<bibRefCitation pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Vejdovský">Vejdovsky</normalizedToken>
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(1882)
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</bibRefCitation>
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published a very thorough account of the anatomy, physiology and development of
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<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Sternaspidae" genus="Sternaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sternaspis scutata" order="Terebellida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="scutata">Sternaspis scutata</taxonomicName>
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; only a few months later,
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<bibRefCitation pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Rietsch (1882)</bibRefCitation>
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published an equally thorough account of the same species. The reason
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<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Sternaspidae" genus="Sternaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sternaspis" order="Terebellida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Sternaspis</taxonomicName>
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was given so much attention was likely due to the argument over the distinction between
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“Gephyrea”">"Gephyrea"</normalizedToken>
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and
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<taxonomicName genus="Chaetopoda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chaetopoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Chaetopoda</taxonomicName>
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within Annelida, and that
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<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Sternaspidae" genus="Sternaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sternaspis" order="Terebellida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Sternaspis</taxonomicName>
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had attributes that pertained to both groups. In general,
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<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Sternaspidae" genus="Sternaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sternaspis" order="Terebellida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Sternaspis</taxonomicName>
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does resemble an echiurid
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<pageBreakToken pageId="15" pageNumber="16" start="start">from</pageBreakToken>
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the exterior, even more so if one confuses the anterior end with the posterior, as was the case until corrected by
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<bibRefCitation author="Krohn, A" journalOrPublisher="Muller's Archiv fur Anatomie, Physiologie und Wissenschafltiche Medicin" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="426 - 432" title="Uber den Sternaspis thalassemoides." volume="1842" year="1842">Krohn (1842)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<bibRefCitation pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Vejdovský">Vejdovsky</normalizedToken>
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(1882)
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</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Rietsch (1882)</bibRefCitation>
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outlined the affinities aligning
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<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Sternaspidae" genus="Sternaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sternaspis" order="Terebellida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Sternaspis</taxonomicName>
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with the polychaetes and shortly afterwards
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<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Sternaspidae" genus="Sternaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sternaspis" order="Terebellida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Sternaspis</taxonomicName>
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was accepted as a polychaete (
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<bibRefCitation author="Dahl, E" journalOrPublisher="Acta Universitatis lundensis" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="1 - 22" title="On the morphology and affinities of the annelid genus Sternaspis." volume="51" year="1955">Dahl 1955</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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The family was proposed by
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<bibRefCitation author="Carus, JV" journalOrPublisher="Handbuch der Zoologie" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="422 - 484" title="Vermes." volume="2" year="1863">Carus (1863</bibRefCitation>
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: 453) and one hundred years later, it was regarded as forming an independent order by
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<bibRefCitation author="Dales, RP" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society, London" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="389 - 428" title="The polychaete stomodeum and the interrelationships of the families of Polychaeta." url="10.1111/j.1469-7998.1962.tb01837.x" volume="139" year="1962">Dales (1962)</bibRefCitation>
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. This proposal was accepted by
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<bibRefCitation author="Fauchald, K" journalOrPublisher="Definitions and keys to the orders, families and genera, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County Science Series" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="1 - 190" title="The Polychaete Worms." volume="28" year="1977">Fauchald (1977)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Pettibone (1982)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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George and
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Hartmann-Schröder">Hartmann-Schroeder</normalizedToken>
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(1985)
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</bibRefCitation>
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, and
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<bibRefCitation author="Hartmann-Schroeder, G" journalOrPublisher=", Fischer, Jena" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" title="Annelida, Borstenwuermer, Polychaeta. Die Tierwelt Deutschlands 58: 2 nd ed." year="1996">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Hartmann-Schröder">Hartmann-Schroeder</normalizedToken>
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(1996)
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</bibRefCitation>
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. An analysis of morphology and six genes (
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<bibRefCitation author="Zrzavy, J" journalOrPublisher="BMC Evolutionary Biology" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="189 - 203" title="Phylogeny of Annelida (Lophotrochozoa): total evidence analysis of morphology and six genes." url="10.1186/1471-2148/9/189" volume="9" year="2009">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Zrzavý">Zrzavy</normalizedToken>
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et al. 2009
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</bibRefCitation>
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) did not clarify the affinities for sternaspids because different approaches gave different topologies or affinities. Thus, their Bayesian combination indicates
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<taxonomicName family="Sternaspidae" lsidName="" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="family">Sternaspidae</taxonomicName>
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are a sister group to a clade including sabellids-serpulids, sabellariids, and
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<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Trochochaetidae" genus="Trochochaeta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trochochaeta" order="Spionida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Trochochaeta</taxonomicName>
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-
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<taxonomicName family="Spionidae" lsidName="" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="family">Spionidae</taxonomicName>
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-
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<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Poecilochaetidae" genus="Poecilochaetus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Poecilochaetus" order="Spionida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Poecilochaetus</taxonomicName>
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. The unweighted maximum-parsimony indicates they form a clade with sabellariids, which is a sister group to
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<taxonomicName family="Sabellidae" lsidName="" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="family">Sabellidae</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Trochochaetidae" genus="Trochochaeta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trochochaeta" order="Spionida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Trochochaeta</taxonomicName>
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-
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<taxonomicName family="Spionidae" lsidName="" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="family">Spionidae</taxonomicName>
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-
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<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Poecilochaetidae" genus="Poecilochaetus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Poecilochaetus" order="Spionida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Poecilochaetus</taxonomicName>
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. The weighted maximum-parsimony indicates they group with
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<taxonomicName family="Fauveliopsidae" lsidName="" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="family">Fauveliopsidae</taxonomicName>
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, and together become a sister group for
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<taxonomicName family="Sabellidae" lsidName="" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="family">Sabellidae</taxonomicName>
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-
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<taxonomicName family="Serpulidae" lsidName="" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="family">Serpulidae</taxonomicName>
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, which is a sister group to
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<taxonomicName family="Sabellariidae" lsidName="" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="family">Sabellariidae</taxonomicName>
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and the other grouped taxa of former analysis.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="key to genera of sternaspidae carus, 1863">
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<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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Key to genera of
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<taxonomicName family="Sternaspidae" lsidName="" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="family">Sternaspidae</taxonomicName>
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Carus, 1863
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<table pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<tr pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Sternaspidae" genus="Caulleryaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caulleryaspis" order="Terebellida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Caulleryaspis</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Sternaspidae" genus="Sternaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sternaspis" order="Terebellida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Sternaspis</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Sternaspidae" genus="Petersenaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Petersenaspis" order="Terebellida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Petersenaspis</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |