treatments-xml/data/03/E2/0D/03E20D5A9D52FFA4FB9B5DA5FBF9FE13.xml

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<mods:title id="0BED2DF294FCA6775D703EE760854004">150 years in the making: first comprehensive list of the ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Virginia, USA</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03E20D5A9D52FFA4FB9B5DA5FBF9FE13" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5927445" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154532725" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5927445" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E20D5A9D52FFA4FB9B5DA5FBF9FE13" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E20D5A9D52FFA4FB9B5DA5FBF9FE13" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="552" pageId="18" pageNumber="550">
<subSubSection id="C351EFC79D52FFA2FB9B5DA5FACDFA5D" pageId="18" pageNumber="550" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BF4BC4C9D52FFA2FB9B5DA5F88FFB7A" blockId="18.[151,410,1195,1221]" box="[151,410,1195,1221]" pageId="18" pageNumber="550">
<heading id="D0BC0B209D52FFA2FB9B5DA5F88FFB7A" bold="true" box="[151,410,1195,1221]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="550" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C4BC7CF9D52FFA2FB9B5DA5F88FFB7A" ID-CoL="Y85" authority="Mayr" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1853" box="[151,410,1195,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="550" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D52FFA2FB9B5DA5F88FFB7A" bold="true" box="[151,410,1195,1221]" pageId="18" pageNumber="550">
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D52FFA2FB9B5DA5F858FB7A" bold="true" box="[151,333,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="550">Aphaenogaster</emphasis>
Mayr
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF4BC4C9D52FFA2FB9B5DFFFACDFA5D" blockId="18.[151,1437,1265,2010]" pageId="18" pageNumber="550">
While many eastern 
<taxonomicName id="4C4BC7CF9D52FFA2FA735DFFFB3CFAB5" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1853" box="[383,553,1265,1290]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="550" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D52FFA2FA735DFFFB3CFAB5" box="[383,553,1265,1290]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="550">Aphaenogaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be readily identified based on morphological characters, a number of taxa remain difficult, or impossible, to separate based on morphology alone. This is especially true for some members of the large 
<taxonomicName id="4C4BC7CF9D52FFA2FAB45C34FB04FAED" box="[440,529,1337,1362]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="550" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rudis">
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D52FFA2FAB45C34FB04FAED" box="[440,529,1337,1362]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="550">A. rudis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
clade although some progress has been recently made (DeMarco 2015, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAC1BD9D52FFA2FE3E5C34F892FAC9" author="DeMarco, B. B. &amp; Cognato, A. I." pageId="18" pageNumber="550" pagination="512 - 520" refId="ref20891" refString="DeMarco, B. B. &amp; Cognato, A. I. (2016) A multiple-gene phylogeny reveals polyphyly among eastern North American Aphaenogaster species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zoologica Scripta, 45, 512 - 520. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / zsc. 12168" type="journal article" year="2016">DeMarco &amp; Cognato 2016</bibRefCitation>
). As our investigations were based solely on morphological characters, at present, we cannot confirm the identity of the 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D52FFA2F9085C8FFBD8FA25" box="[516,717,1409,1434]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="550">
<taxonomicName id="4C4BC7CF9D52FFA2F9085C8FFB9DFA25" box="[516,648,1409,1434]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strumigenys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="550" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carolinensis">carolinensis</taxonomicName>
/ 
<taxonomicName id="4C4BC7CF9D52FFA2F9995C8FFBD8FA25" box="[661,717,1409,1434]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="550" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rudis">rudis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
specimens we examined. This is reflected in our presentation below. Historical records of these two taxa have been presented as they appear in digitized records or in the literature. These records, however, should be interpreted with caution.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<emphasis id="B93F605E9D52FFA2FB9B5CE3F9B0F9B9" bold="true" box="[151,165,1517,1542]" pageId="18" pageNumber="550">*</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C4BC7CF9D52FFA2FBA95CE3F869F9B9" authority="(Emery)" authorityName="Emery" baseAuthorityName="Emery" box="[165,380,1517,1542]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="550" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ashmeadi">
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D52FFA2FBA95CE3F806F9B9" bold="true" box="[165,275,1517,1542]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="550">ashmeadi</emphasis>
(Emery)
</taxonomicName>
. 
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<collectingRegion id="498F72AE9D52FFA2FA8B5CE3F8FFF9B9" box="[391,490,1517,1542]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="18" pageNumber="550">Virginia</collectingRegion>
Beach
</emphasis>
: First Landing State Park, 
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, - 
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, 
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, 
<date id="FFF59A8C9D52FFA2FFFE5CE3FC69F9B9" box="[1266,1404,1517,1542]" pageId="18" pageNumber="550" value="2017-08-30">30.viii.2017</date>
, K Ivanov leg., KI2912, Winkler litter extraction, sifted 
<taxonomicName id="4C4BC7CF9D52FFA2F82C5F1CFAEFF996" box="[800,1018,1554,1577]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="18" pageNumber="550" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="virginiana">
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D52FFA2F82C5F1CFAEFF996" box="[800,1018,1554,1577]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="550">Quercus virginiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
litter, maritime forest; First Landing State Park, 
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, - 
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, 
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, 
<date id="FFF59A8C9D52FFA2F9C35F3BFA4FF9F1" box="[719,858,1589,1614]" pageId="18" pageNumber="550" value="2017-08-30">30.viii.2017</date>
, K Ivanov leg., KI2914, ground foragers, maritime forest; First Landing State Park, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE7FDA8B9D52FFA2F9425F57FBF0F9CE" box="[590,741,1625,1650]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="550" precision="1" value="36.91249">36.91249° N</geoCoordinate>
, - 
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, 
<quantity id="4CB311A99D52FFA2F8A75F54FAC8F9CE" box="[939,989,1626,1650]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="550" unit="m" value="9.0">9 m</quantity>
, 
<date id="FFF59A8C9D52FFA2F8E25F57FD6DF9CD" box="[1006,1144,1625,1650]" pageId="18" pageNumber="550" value="2017-08-30">30.viii.2017</date>
, K Ivanov leg., KI2919, Winkler litter extraction, mixed coastal forest; First Landing State Park, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE7FDA8B9D52FFA2FF1E5F73FDBDF92A" box="[1042,1192,1661,1686]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="550" precision="1" value="36.91249">36.91249° N</geoCoordinate>
, - 
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, 
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, 
<date id="FFF59A8C9D52FFA2FBCB5FAFF844F905" box="[199,337,1697,1722]" pageId="18" pageNumber="550" value="2017-08-30">30.viii.2017</date>
, K Ivanov leg., KI2920, ground foragers at the base of a large 
<taxonomicName id="4C4BC7CF9D52FFA2FF3B5FACFDF8F905" box="[1079,1261,1697,1722]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="18" pageNumber="550" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="falcata">
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D52FFA2FF3B5FACFDF8F905" box="[1079,1261,1697,1722]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="550">Quercus falcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, mixed coastal forest (VMNH).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF4BC4C9D52FFA2FB9B5FE7FB54F82D" blockId="18.[151,1437,1265,2010]" pageId="18" pageNumber="550">
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D52FFA2FB9B5FE7FB18F8BD" bold="true" box="[151,525,1769,1794]" pageId="18" pageNumber="550">
“ 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D52FFA2FBA95FE7F861F8BD" bold="true" box="[165,372,1769,1794]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="550">
<taxonomicName id="4C4BC7CF9D52FFA2FBA95FE7F83BF8BD" box="[165,302,1769,1794]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strumigenys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="550" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carolinensis">carolinensis</taxonomicName>
/ 
<taxonomicName id="4C4BC7CF9D52FFA2FA355FE7F861F8BD" box="[313,372,1769,1794]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="550" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rudis">rudis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
”. Accomack
</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D52FFA2F9115FE7FB80F8BD" bold="true" box="[541,661,1769,1794]" pageId="18" pageNumber="550">Alleghany</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D52FFA2F9A95FE7FA18F8BD" bold="true" box="[677,781,1769,1794]" pageId="18" pageNumber="550">Amherst</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D52FFA2F8115FE7FA94F8BD" bold="true" box="[797,897,1769,1794]" pageId="18" pageNumber="550">Augusta</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D52FFA2F89C5FE7FACDF8BD" bold="true" box="[912,984,1769,1794]" pageId="18" pageNumber="550">Bland</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D52FFA2F8EB5FE7FD5AF8BD" bold="true" box="[999,1103,1769,1794]" pageId="18" pageNumber="550">Caroline</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D52FFA2FF535FE7FDFBF8BD" bold="true" box="[1119,1262,1769,1794]" pageId="18" pageNumber="550">Chesapeake</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D52FFA2FFF25FE7FC57F8BD" bold="true" box="[1278,1346,1769,1794]" pageId="18" pageNumber="550">Craig</emphasis>
, 
<collectingRegion id="498F72AE9D52FFA2FE5E5FE7FC80F8BD" box="[1362,1429,1769,1794]" country="United Kingdom" name="Essex" pageId="18" pageNumber="550">
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D52FFA2FE5E5FE7FC80F8BD" bold="true" box="[1362,1429,1769,1794]" pageId="18" pageNumber="550">Essex</emphasis>
</collectingRegion>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D52FFA2FBCB5E03F824F899" bold="true" box="[199,305,1805,1830]" pageId="18" pageNumber="550">Franklin</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D52FFA2FA405E03F8D4F899" bold="true" box="[332,449,1805,1830]" pageId="18" pageNumber="550">Frederick</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D52FFA2FAD15E03FB0CF899" bold="true" box="[477,537,1805,1830]" pageId="18" pageNumber="550">Giles</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D52FFA2F9395E03FB9BF899" bold="true" box="[565,654,1805,1830]" pageId="18" pageNumber="550">Halifax</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D52FFA2F9A65E03FA04F899" bold="true" box="[682,785,1805,1830]" pageId="18" pageNumber="550">Hanover</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D52FFA2F8205E03FA63F899" bold="true" box="[812,886,1805,1830]" pageId="18" pageNumber="550">Henry</emphasis>
, 
<collectingRegion id="498F72AE9D52FFA2F89E5E03FDC7F899" box="[914,1234,1805,1830]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="550">
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D52FFA2F89E5E03FD17F899" bold="true" box="[914,1026,1805,1830]" pageId="18" pageNumber="550">Highland</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D52FFA2FF125E03FDC7F899" bold="true" box="[1054,1234,1805,1830]" pageId="18" pageNumber="550">Isle of Wight</emphasis>
</collectingRegion>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D52FFA2FFE25E03FC80F899" bold="true" box="[1262,1429,1805,1830]" pageId="18" pageNumber="550">King George</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D52FFA2FBCB5E3FF872F8F5" bold="true" box="[199,359,1841,1866]" pageId="18" pageNumber="550">Mecklenburg</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D52FFA2FA725E3FFB0DF8F5" bold="true" box="[382,536,1841,1866]" pageId="18" pageNumber="550">Montgomery</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D52FFA2F93C5E3FFBC6F8F5" bold="true" box="[560,723,1841,1866]" pageId="18" pageNumber="550">Northampton</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D52FFA2F9E75E3FFA56F8F5" bold="true" box="[747,835,1841,1866]" pageId="18" pageNumber="550">Patrick</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D52FFA2F8575E3FFAFDF8F5" bold="true" box="[859,1000,1841,1866]" pageId="18" pageNumber="550">Pittsylvania</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D52FFA2FF0C5E3FFDABF8F5" bold="true" box="[1024,1214,1841,1866]" pageId="18" pageNumber="550">Prince Edward</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D52FFA2FFDA5E3FFC80F8F5" bold="true" box="[1238,1429,1841,1866]" pageId="18" pageNumber="550">Prince William</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D52FFA2FBCB5E5BF824F8D1" bold="true" box="[199,305,1877,1902]" pageId="18" pageNumber="550">Roanoke</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D52FFA2FA335E5BF8C2F8D1" bold="true" box="[319,471,1877,1902]" pageId="18" pageNumber="550">Rockingham</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D52FFA2FAE95E5BFB34F8D1" bold="true" box="[485,545,1877,1902]" pageId="18" pageNumber="550">Scott</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D52FFA2F93C5E5BFBD1F8D1" bold="true" box="[560,708,1877,1902]" pageId="18" pageNumber="550">Shenandoah</emphasis>
, 
<collectingRegion id="498F72AE9D52FFA2F9DE5E5BFACDF8D1" box="[722,984,1877,1902]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="550">
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D52FFA2F9DE5E5BFA61F8D1" bold="true" box="[722,884,1877,1902]" pageId="18" pageNumber="550">Southampton</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D52FFA2F88E5E5BFACDF8D1" bold="true" box="[898,984,1877,1902]" pageId="18" pageNumber="550">Suffolk</emphasis>
</collectingRegion>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D52FFA2F8E45E5BFD22F8D1" bold="true" box="[1000,1079,1877,1902]" pageId="18" pageNumber="550">Sussex</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D52FFA2FF495E5BFDEDF8D1" bold="true" box="[1093,1272,1877,1902]" pageId="18" pageNumber="550">
<collectingRegion id="498F72AE9D52FFA2FF495E5BFDBDF8D1" box="[1093,1192,1877,1902]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="18" pageNumber="550">Virginia</collectingRegion>
Beach
</emphasis>
, 
<materialsCitation id="3B23B6119D52FFA2FE0A5E5BFB28F82D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2234217223" collectionCode="RUIC, STDC, USNM, VMNH, VPISU" location="York" pageId="18" pageNumber="550" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="York">
<collectingRegion id="498F72AE9D52FFA2FE0A5E5BFC28F8D1" box="[1286,1341,1877,1902]" country="United Kingdom" name="York" pageId="18" pageNumber="550">
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D52FFA2FE0A5E5BFC28F8D1" bold="true" box="[1286,1341,1877,1902]" pageId="18" pageNumber="550">York</emphasis>
</collectingRegion>
(
<collectionCode id="ED5A24899D52FFA2FE5C5E58FC82F8D1" box="[1360,1431,1878,1902]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/72xp-n1h5" name="Rutgers University" pageId="18" pageNumber="550">RUIC</collectionCode>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED5A24899D52FFA2FBCB5E74F807F82D" box="[199,274,1914,1938]" pageId="18" pageNumber="550">STDC</collectionCode>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED5A24899D52FFA2FA105E74F865F82D" box="[284,368,1914,1938]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="18" pageNumber="550" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED5A24899D52FFA2FA775E74F8C6F82E" box="[379,467,1914,1937]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zxpe-c0as" name="Virginia Museum of Natural History" pageId="18" pageNumber="550">VMNH</collectionCode>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED5A24899D52FFA2FAD35E74FB20F82D" box="[479,565,1914,1938]" pageId="18" pageNumber="550">VPISU</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF4BC4C9D52FFA3FBCB5E93FB18FF0F" blockId="18.[151,1437,1265,2010]" lastBlockId="19.[151,1436,151,2013]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="551" pageId="18" pageNumber="550">
There is no simple way to separate 
<taxonomicName id="4C4BC7CF9D52FFA2F98D5E93FA1CF809" box="[641,777,1949,1974]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strumigenys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="550" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carolinensis">
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D52FFA2F98D5E93FA1CF809" box="[641,777,1949,1974]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="550">carolinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<taxonomicName id="4C4BC7CF9D52FFA2F8565E93FA81F809" box="[858,916,1949,1974]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="550" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rudis">
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D52FFA2F8565E93FA81F809" box="[858,916,1949,1974]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="550">rudis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in 
<collectingRegion id="498F72AE9D52FFA2F8C95E93FD31F809" box="[965,1060,1949,1974]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="18" pageNumber="550">Virginia</collectingRegion>
. The above records reflect this uncertainty and represent a composite distribution of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C4BC7CF9D52FFA2F8675ECFFAE6F865" box="[875,1011,1985,2010]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strumigenys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="550" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carolinensis">
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D52FFA2F8675ECFFAE6F865" box="[875,1011,1985,2010]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="550">carolinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/ 
<taxonomicName id="4C4BC7CF9D52FFA2F8F75ECFFD20F865" box="[1019,1077,1985,2010]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="550" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rudis">
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D52FFA2F8F75ECFFD20F865" box="[1019,1077,1985,2010]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="550">rudis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex in 
<collectingRegion id="498F72AE9D52FFA2FFC25ECFFC3CF865" box="[1230,1321,1985,2010]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="18" pageNumber="550">Virginia</collectingRegion>
based on materials we have examined.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C351EFC79D53FFA3FB9B59B5FA41FDA7" pageId="19" pageNumber="551" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BF4BC4C9D53FFA3FB9B59B5F8A3FEA3" blockId="19.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">
<taxonomicName id="4C4BC7CF9D53FFA3FB9B59B5FB56FF6A" authority="Wheeler, W. M. Madison" authorityName="Wheeler, W. M. Madison" box="[151,579,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strumigenys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="551" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carolinensis">
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3FB9B59B5F836FF6B" bold="true" box="[151,291,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">carolinensis</emphasis>
Wheeler, W.M. 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3FAD759B2FB56FF6A" bold="true" box="[475,579,188,213]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">Madison</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(JTLC). Literature records: 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3F88D59B2FD20FF6A" bold="true" box="[897,1077,188,213]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">Prince William</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3FF4F59B2FDC9FF6A" bold="true" box="[1091,1244,188,213]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">Spotsylvania</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3FFE559B2FC89FF6A" bold="true" box="[1257,1436,188,213]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">
<collectingRegion id="498F72AE9D53FFA3FFE559B2FC59FF6A" box="[1257,1356,188,213]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">Virginia</collectingRegion>
Beach
</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAC1BD9D53FFA3FBC259D1F8C9FF47" author="Guenard, B. &amp; Drew, C. A." box="[206,476,223,248]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551" refId="ref21778" refString="Guenard, B. &amp; Drew, C. A. (2011) Ant Species of MacKay Island and Back Bay National Wildlife Refuges: Results of Opportunistic Sampling in Diverse Habitats in July 2010. Prepared for Back Bay and Mackay Island National Wildlife Refuges, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, D. C., 10 pp." type="book" year="2011">Guenard &amp; Drew 2011</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAC1BD9D53FFA3FAE659D1FA1BFF47" author="Mackay, W. P. &amp; Mackay, E." box="[490,782,223,248]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551" refId="ref22944" refString="Mackay, W. P. &amp; Mackay, E. (2017) The New World gypsy ants of the genera Aphaenogaster and Novomessor (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Lambert Academic Publishing, Mauritius, 605 pp." type="book" year="2017">Mackay &amp; Mackay 2017</bibRefCitation>
), “ 
<collectingRegion id="498F72AE9D53FFA3F83C59D1FA86FF47" box="[816,915,223,248]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3F83C59D1FA86FF47" bold="true" box="[816,915,223,248]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">Virginia</emphasis>
</collectingRegion>
” (
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAC1BD9D53FFA3F8BC59EEFDA8FF47" author="Young, J. H. &amp; Howell, D. E." box="[944,1213,223,248]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551" pagination="1 - 48" refId="ref26297" refString="Young, J. H. &amp; Howell, D. E. (1964) Ants of Oklahoma. Oklahoma Agricultural Experimental Station Miscellaneous Publications, 71, 1 - 48." type="journal article" year="1964">Young &amp; Howell 1964</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAC1BD9D53FFA3FFC659D1FC8DFF47" author="Smith, D. R." box="[1226,1432,223,248]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551" pagination="1323 - 1467" refId="ref23567" refString="Smith, D. R. (1979) Superfamily Formicoidea. In: Krombein, K. V., Hurd, P. D., Smith, D. R. &amp; Burks, B. D. (Eds.), Catalog of Hymenoptera in America north of Mexico. Vol. 2. Apocrita (Aculeata). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C., pp. 1323 - 1467." type="book chapter" year="1979">Smith, D.R. 1979</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAC1BD9D53FFA3FBCB580AF8BFFEA3" author="Guenard, B. &amp; Mccaffrey, K. A. &amp; Lucky, A. &amp; Dunn, R." box="[199,426,260,285]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551" pagination="1 - 36" refId="ref21845" refString="Guenard, B., Mccaffrey, K. A., Lucky, A. &amp; Dunn, R. (2012) Ants of North Carolina: an updated list (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zootaxa, 3552, 1 - 36." type="journal article" year="2012">
Guenard 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3FA22580BF873FEA2" box="[302,358,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">et al.</emphasis>
2012
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF4BC4C9D53FFA3FB9B5829FA41FDA7" blockId="19.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3FB9B5829F9B0FEFF" bold="true" box="[151,165,295,320]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">*</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C4BC7CF9D53FFA3FBA95829F8B4FE80" ID-CoL="67KN5" authority="Smith, M. R." authorityName="Smith, M. R." box="[165,417,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="551" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floridana">
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3FBA95829F804FEFF" bold="true" box="[165,273,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">floridana</emphasis>
Smith, M.R.
</taxonomicName>
<collectingRegion id="498F72AE9D53FFA3FAA45829F8EBFEFF" box="[424,510,295,320]" country="United Kingdom" name="Suffolk" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3FAA45829F8EBFEFF" bold="true" box="[424,510,295,320]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">Suffolk</emphasis>
</collectingRegion>
: South Quay Natural Area Preserve, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE7FDA8B9D53FFA3F8935829FD25FE80" box="[927,1072,295,320]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="551" precision="1" value="36.56144">36.56144° N</geoCoordinate>
, - 
<geoCoordinate id="EE7FDA8B9D53FFA3FF4F5829FDCEFE80" box="[1091,1243,295,320]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="551" precision="1" value="-76.90837">76.90837° W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4CB311A99D53FFA3FFE95826FC07FE80" box="[1253,1298,296,319]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="551" unit="m" value="7.0">7 m</quantity>
, 
<date id="FFF59A8C9D53FFA3FE115829FC8DFEFF" box="[1309,1432,295,320]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551" value="2017-09-30">30.ix.2017</date>
, K Ivanov leg., KI2941, foragers at pecan sandies baits, edge of successional scrub oak-pine forest, pine barrens; South Quay Natural Area Preserve, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE7FDA8B9D53FFA3F9DE5861FA7DFE38" box="[722,872,367,392]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="551" precision="1" value="36.56144">36.56144° N</geoCoordinate>
, - 
<geoCoordinate id="EE7FDA8B9D53FFA3F8735861FD0EFE38" box="[895,1051,367,392]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="551" precision="1" value="-76.90837">76.90837° W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4CB311A99D53FFA3FF26587EFD4EFE38" box="[1066,1115,368,391]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="551" unit="m" value="7.0">7 m</quantity>
, 
<date id="FFF59A8C9D53FFA3FF665861FDF0FE37" box="[1130,1253,367,392]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551" value="2017-09-30">30.ix.2017</date>
, K Ivanov leg., KI2942, soil nest, opening along a dirt road through successional scrub oak-pine forest, pine barrens; 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3FE49589AFC81FE12" bold="true" box="[1349,1428,404,429]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">Sussex</emphasis>
: Big Woods Wildlife Management Area, 
<date id="FFF59A8C9D53FFA3F99858B9FA0BFE6F" box="[660,798,439,464]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551" value="2015-08-30">30.viii.2015</date>
, N Nazdrowicz leg., along trail in mixed open pine-oak forest (STDC); Chub Sandhills Natural Area Preserve, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE7FDA8B9D53FFA3F83958D2FADDFE4B" box="[821,968,476,501]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="551" precision="1" value="36.87157">36.87157° N</geoCoordinate>
, - 
<geoCoordinate id="EE7FDA8B9D53FFA3F8D758D2FD61FE4B" box="[987,1140,476,500]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="551" precision="1" value="-77.18733">77.18733° W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date id="FFF59A8C9D53FFA3FF8C58D2FC0AFE4A" box="[1152,1311,476,501]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551" value="2017-09-24" valueMax="2017-09-30" valueMin="2017-09-24">24-30.ix.2017</date>
, AV Evans leg., V-shaped flight intercept trap, pine barrens (VMNH).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C351EFC79D53FFA3FBCB5B2BFBCFFD3B" pageId="19" pageNumber="551" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF4BC4C9D53FFA3FBCB5B2BFBCFFD3B" blockId="19.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">
To our knowledge, the collection locality at Big Woods Wildlife Management Area (Sussex Co.) represents the northernmost record of this distinctive species, which prefers open sandhill areas and similar habitats in the Coastal Plain of the southeastern 
<collectingCountry id="F35CFCDC9D53FFA3F9315B62FBC3FD3B" box="[573,726,620,645]" name="United States of America" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">United States</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C351EFC79D53FFA3FB9B5B81FB16FBE7" pageId="19" pageNumber="551" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BF4BC4C9D53FFA3FB9B5B81FC45FCE3" blockId="19.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">
<taxonomicName id="4C4BC7CF9D53FFA3FB9B5B81FC80FD72" ID-CoL="5VKN4" authority="Roger. Accomack, Amherst, Augusta, Bland, Caroline, Chesapeake, Fairfax, Hanover, Henrico, Henry, Mecklenburg, Northampton, Patrick, Prince Edward, Prince William, Scott, Shenandoah" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="551" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulva">
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3FB9B5B81F9C7FD17" bold="true" box="[151,210,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">fulva</emphasis>
Roger. 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3FA255B81F8B0FD17" bold="true" box="[297,421,655,680]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">Accomack</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3FABF5B81FB0EFD17" bold="true" box="[435,539,655,680]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">Amherst</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3F9255B81FB98FD17" bold="true" box="[553,653,655,680]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">Augusta</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3F9965B81FBF4FD17" bold="true" box="[666,737,655,680]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">Bland</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3F9E35B81FA42FD17" bold="true" box="[751,855,655,680]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">Caroline</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3F8685B81FAE6FD17" bold="true" box="[868,1011,655,680]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">Chesapeake</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3FF0D5B81FD4FFD17" bold="true" box="[1025,1114,655,680]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">Fairfax</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3FF645B81FDDAFD17" bold="true" box="[1128,1231,655,680]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">Hanover</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3FFD05B81FC29FD17" bold="true" box="[1244,1340,655,680]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">Henrico</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3FE475B81FC80FD17" bold="true" box="[1355,1429,655,680]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">Henry</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3FBCB5BBAF872FD72" bold="true" box="[199,359,692,717]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">Mecklenburg</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3FA855BBAFB39FD72" bold="true" box="[393,556,692,717]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">Northampton</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3F9435BBAFBB2FD72" bold="true" box="[591,679,692,717]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">Patrick</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3F9C65BBAFA81FD72" bold="true" box="[714,916,692,717]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">Prince Edward</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3F8BA5BBAFD6AFD72" bold="true" box="[950,1151,692,717]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">Prince William</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3FFAE5BBAFDCBFD72" bold="true" box="[1186,1246,692,717]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">Scott</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3FE0D5BBAFC80FD72" bold="true" box="[1281,1429,692,717]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">Shenandoah</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<collectingRegion id="498F72AE9D53FFA3FBCB5BD9F87CFD4F" box="[199,361,727,752]" country="United Kingdom" name="Southampton" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3FBCB5BD9F87CFD4F" bold="true" box="[199,361,727,752]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">Southampton</emphasis>
</collectingRegion>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3FA735BD9FB02FD4F" bold="true" box="[383,535,727,752]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">Spotsylvania</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3F9225BD9FB68FD4F" bold="true" box="[558,637,727,752]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">Sussex</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3F9985BD9FBECFD4F" bold="true" box="[660,761,727,752]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">Tazewell</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3F81D5BD9FAD9FD4F" bold="true" box="[785,972,727,752]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">
<collectingRegion id="498F72AE9D53FFA3F81D5BD9FA61FD4F" box="[785,884,727,752]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">Virginia</collectingRegion>
Beach
</emphasis>
, 
<collectingRegion id="498F72AE9D53FFA3F8EF5BD9FD0EFD4F" box="[995,1051,727,752]" country="United Kingdom" name="York" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3F8EF5BD9FD0EFD4F" bold="true" box="[995,1051,727,752]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">York</emphasis>
</collectingRegion>
(MCZ, MMPC, RUIC, STDC, USNM, VMNH), “ 
<collectingRegion id="498F72AE9D53FFA3FAAE5BF2FB10FCAA" box="[418,517,764,789]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3FAAE5BF2FB10FCAA" bold="true" box="[418,517,764,789]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">Virginia</emphasis>
</collectingRegion>
” (INHS, NMSU, USNM). Literature records: 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3FF1A5BF2FD7AFCAA" bold="true" box="[1046,1135,764,789]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">Fairfax</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3FF725BF2FDAFFCAA" bold="true" box="[1150,1210,764,789]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">Giles</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3FFC75BF2FC38FCAA" bold="true" box="[1227,1325,764,789]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">Stafford</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAC1BD9D53FFA3FE315BF2F817FC87" author="Buckley, S. B." pageId="19" pageNumber="551" pagination="335 - 350" refId="ref20429" refString="Buckley, S. B. (1867) Descriptions of new species of North American Formicidae. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia, 6, 335 - 350." type="journal article" year="1867">Buckley 1867</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAC1BD9D53FFA3FA005A11F897FC87" author="Cole, A. C. Jr." box="[268,386,799,824]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551" pagination="284 - 285" refId="ref20583" refString="Cole, A. C. Jr. (1949) The ants of Mountain Lake, Virginia. Journal of the Tennessee Academy of Science, 29, 284 - 285." type="journal article" year="1949">Cole 1949</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAC1BD9D53FFA3FA815A11FB14FC87" author="Kjar, D. S." box="[397,513,799,824]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551" pagination="3 - 17" refId="ref22271" refString="Kjar, D. S. (2009) The ant community of a Riparian Forest in the Dyke Marsh Preserve, Fairfax County, Virginia, and a checklist of Mid-Atlantic Formicidae. Banisteria, 33, 3 - 17." type="journal article" year="2009">Kjar 2009</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAC1BD9D53FFA3F9005A11FBC3FC87" author="Kjar, D. &amp; Park, Z." box="[524,726,799,824]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551" pagination="109 - 117" refId="ref22348" refString="Kjar, D. &amp; Park, Z. (2016) Increased ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) incidence and richness are associated with alien plant cover in a small mid-Atlantic riparian forest. Myrmecological News, 22, 109 - 117." type="journal article" year="2016">Kjar &amp; Park 2016</bibRefCitation>
), “ 
<collectingRegion id="498F72AE9D53FFA3F9F95A11FA42FC87" box="[757,855,799,824]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3F9F95A11FA42FC87" bold="true" box="[757,855,799,824]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">Virginia</emphasis>
</collectingRegion>
” (
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAC1BD9D53FFA3F87E5A2EFAE7FC87" author="Mayr, G." box="[882,1010,799,824]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551" pagination="419 - 464" refId="ref22984" refString="Mayr, G. (1886) Die Formiciden der Vereinigten Staaten von Nordamerika. Verhandlungen der k. k. Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 36, 419 - 464. [in German]" type="journal article" year="1886">Mayr 1886</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAC1BD9D53FFA3F8F15A2EFD9DFC87" author="Emery, C." box="[1021,1160,799,824]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551" pagination="257 - 360" refId="ref21195" refString="Emery, C. (1895) Beitrage zur Kenntniss der nordamerikanischen Ameisenfauna. (Schluss.). Zoologische Jahrbucher Abteilung fur Systematik Okologie und Geographie der Tiere, 8, 257 - 360. [in German]" type="journal article" year="1895">Emery 1895</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAC1BD9D53FFA3FF985A11FC4FFC87" author="Smith, D. R." box="[1172,1370,799,824]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551" pagination="1323 - 1467" refId="ref23567" refString="Smith, D. R. (1979) Superfamily Formicoidea. In: Krombein, K. V., Hurd, P. D., Smith, D. R. &amp; Burks, B. D. (Eds.), Catalog of Hymenoptera in America north of Mexico. Vol. 2. Apocrita (Aculeata). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C., pp. 1323 - 1467." type="book chapter" year="1979">Smith, D.R. 1979</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAC1BD9D53FFA3FE695A11F854FCE3" author="Peck, S. L. &amp; McQuaid, B. &amp; Campbell, C. L." pageId="19" pageNumber="551" pagination="1102 - 1110" refId="ref23243" refString="Peck, S. L., McQuaid, B. &amp; Campbell, C. L. (1998) Using ant species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) as a biological indicator of agroecosystem condition. Environmental Entomology, 27, 1102 - 1110. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / ee / 27.5.1102" type="journal article" year="1998">
Peck 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3FBCB5A4BF9EAFCE2" box="[199,255,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">et al.</emphasis>
1998
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAC1BD9D53FFA3FA405A4AFB38FCE3" author="Guenard, B. &amp; Mccaffrey, K. A. &amp; Lucky, A. &amp; Dunn, R." box="[332,557,836,861]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551" pagination="1 - 36" refId="ref21845" refString="Guenard, B., Mccaffrey, K. A., Lucky, A. &amp; Dunn, R. (2012) Ants of North Carolina: an updated list (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zootaxa, 3552, 1 - 36." type="journal article" year="2012">
Guenard 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3FABF5A4BF8F9FCE2" box="[435,492,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">et al.</emphasis>
2012
</bibRefCitation>
, DeMarco 2015, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAC1BD9D53FFA3F9E35A4BFD08FCE2" author="DeMarco, B. B. &amp; Cognato, A. I." box="[751,1053,836,861]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551" pagination="512 - 520" refId="ref20891" refString="DeMarco, B. B. &amp; Cognato, A. I. (2016) A multiple-gene phylogeny reveals polyphyly among eastern North American Aphaenogaster species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zoologica Scripta, 45, 512 - 520. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / zsc. 12168" type="journal article" year="2016">DeMarco &amp; Cognato 2016</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAC1BD9D53FFA3FF245A4AFC50FCE3" author="Mackay, W. P. &amp; Mackay, E." box="[1064,1349,836,861]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551" refId="ref22944" refString="Mackay, W. P. &amp; Mackay, E. (2017) The New World gypsy ants of the genera Aphaenogaster and Novomessor (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Lambert Academic Publishing, Mauritius, 605 pp." type="book" year="2017">Mackay &amp; Mackay 2017</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF4BC4C9D53FFA3FB9B5A69FB61FBAF" blockId="19.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">
<taxonomicName id="4C4BC7CF9D53FFA3FB9B5A69FD50FC3F" ID-CoL="F9V3" authority="Mayr. Accomack, Caroline, Halifax, Hampton, Hanover, Henrico" authorityName="Mayr. Accomack, Caroline, Halifax, Hampton, Hanover, Henrico" box="[151,1093,871,896]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="551" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lamellidens">
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3FB9B5A69F80EFC3F" bold="true" box="[151,283,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">lamellidens</emphasis>
Mayr. 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3FA785A69F8E5FC3F" bold="true" box="[372,496,871,896]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">Accomack</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3F90F5A69FB7EFC3F" bold="true" box="[515,619,871,896]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">Caroline</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3F9715A69FBC3FC3F" bold="true" box="[637,726,871,896]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">Halifax</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3F9E45A69FA4CFC3F" bold="true" box="[744,857,871,896]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">Hampton</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3F8605A69FAC6FC3F" bold="true" box="[876,979,871,896]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">Hanover</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3F8E95A69FD50FC3F" bold="true" box="[997,1093,871,896]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">Henrico</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<collectingRegion id="498F72AE9D53FFA3FF545A69FDEEFC3F" box="[1112,1275,871,896]" country="United Kingdom" name="Isle of Wight" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3FF545A69FDEEFC3F" bold="true" box="[1112,1275,871,896]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">Isle of Wight</emphasis>
</collectingRegion>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3FE015A69FC80FC3F" bold="true" box="[1293,1429,871,896]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">James City</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3FBCB5A82F872FC1A" bold="true" box="[199,359,908,933]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">Mecklenburg</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3FA705A82FB0AFC1A" bold="true" box="[380,543,908,933]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">Northampton</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3F9395A82FBE7FC1A" bold="true" box="[565,754,908,933]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">Prince Edward</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3F8045A82FAD1FC1A" bold="true" box="[776,964,908,933]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">Prince William</emphasis>
, 
<collectingRegion id="498F72AE9D53FFA3F8D65A82FD69FC1A" box="[986,1148,908,933]" country="United Kingdom" name="Southampton" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3F8D65A82FD69FC1A" bold="true" box="[986,1148,908,933]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">Southampton</emphasis>
</collectingRegion>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3FF9D5A82FC5EFC1A" bold="true" box="[1169,1355,908,933]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">
<collectingRegion id="498F72AE9D53FFA3FF9D5A82FDE1FC1A" box="[1169,1268,908,933]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">Virginia</collectingRegion>
Beach
</emphasis>
, 
<collectingRegion id="498F72AE9D53FFA3FE6D5A82FC8CFC1A" box="[1377,1433,908,933]" country="United Kingdom" name="York" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3FE6D5A82FC8CFC1A" bold="true" box="[1377,1433,908,933]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">York</emphasis>
</collectingRegion>
(CAS, MCZ, STDC, VMNH), “ 
<collectingRegion id="498F72AE9D53FFA3F94D5AA1FBB1FC77" box="[577,676,943,968]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3F94D5AA1FBB1FC77" bold="true" box="[577,676,943,968]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">Virginia</emphasis>
</collectingRegion>
” (BMNH, NHMW). Literature records: 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3FF885AA1FC08FC77" bold="true" box="[1156,1309,943,968]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">Spotsylvania</emphasis>
(DeMarco 2015, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAC1BD9D53FFA3FA015ADBFB29FC52" author="DeMarco, B. B. &amp; Cognato, A. I." box="[269,572,980,1005]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551" pagination="201 - 210" refId="ref20833" refString="DeMarco, B. B. &amp; Cognato, A. I. (2015) Phylogenetic analysis of Aphaenogaster supports the resurrection of Novomessor (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 108, 201 - 210. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / sau 013" type="journal article" year="2015">DeMarco &amp; Cognato 2015</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAC1BD9D53FFA3F9445ADBFA6CFC52" author="DeMarco, B. B. &amp; Cognato, A. I." box="[584,889,980,1005]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551" pagination="512 - 520" refId="ref20891" refString="DeMarco, B. B. &amp; Cognato, A. I. (2016) A multiple-gene phylogeny reveals polyphyly among eastern North American Aphaenogaster species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zoologica Scripta, 45, 512 - 520. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / zsc. 12168" type="journal article" year="2016">DeMarco &amp; Cognato 2016</bibRefCitation>
), “ 
<collectingRegion id="498F72AE9D53FFA3F8955ADAFAE9FC52" box="[921,1020,980,1005]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3F8955ADAFAE9FC52" bold="true" box="[921,1020,980,1005]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">Virginia</emphasis>
</collectingRegion>
” (
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAC1BD9D53FFA3FF1B5ADAFD82FC52" author="Mayr, G." box="[1047,1175,980,1005]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551" pagination="419 - 464" refId="ref22984" refString="Mayr, G. (1886) Die Formiciden der Vereinigten Staaten von Nordamerika. Verhandlungen der k. k. Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 36, 419 - 464. [in German]" type="journal article" year="1886">Mayr 1886</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAC1BD9D53FFA3FFAF5ADBFC25FC52" author="Emery, C." box="[1187,1328,980,1005]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551" pagination="257 - 360" refId="ref21195" refString="Emery, C. (1895) Beitrage zur Kenntniss der nordamerikanischen Ameisenfauna. (Schluss.). Zoologische Jahrbucher Abteilung fur Systematik Okologie und Geographie der Tiere, 8, 257 - 360. [in German]" type="journal article" year="1895">Emery 1895</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAC1BD9D53FFA3FE305ADAF854FBAF" author="Guenard, B. &amp; Mccaffrey, K. A. &amp; Lucky, A. &amp; Dunn, R." pageId="19" pageNumber="551" pagination="1 - 36" refId="ref21845" refString="Guenard, B., Mccaffrey, K. A., Lucky, A. &amp; Dunn, R. (2012) Ants of North Carolina: an updated list (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zootaxa, 3552, 1 - 36." type="journal article" year="2012">
Guenard 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3FBCB5AF7F9EAFBAF" box="[199,255,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">et al.</emphasis>
2012
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAC1BD9D53FFA3FA405AF9FB7DFBAF" author="Mackay, W. P. &amp; Mackay, E." box="[332,616,1015,1040]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551" refId="ref22944" refString="Mackay, W. P. &amp; Mackay, E. (2017) The New World gypsy ants of the genera Aphaenogaster and Novomessor (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Lambert Academic Publishing, Mauritius, 605 pp." type="book" year="2017">Mackay &amp; Mackay 2017</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF4BC4C9D53FFA3FB9B5D15FB16FBE7" blockId="19.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3FB9B5D15F9FDFB8B" bold="true" box="[151,232,1051,1076]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">mariae</emphasis>
Forel. 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3FA365D12F8B8FB8A" bold="true" box="[314,429,1052,1077]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">Nottaway</emphasis>
(VMNH). Literature records: 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3F8085D12FA88FB8A" bold="true" box="[772,925,1052,1077]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">Spotsylvania</emphasis>
(DeMarco 2015, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAC1BD9D53FFA3FF6B5D13FC8DFB8A" author="DeMarco, B. B. &amp; Cognato, A. I." box="[1127,1432,1052,1077]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551" pagination="201 - 210" refId="ref20833" refString="DeMarco, B. B. &amp; Cognato, A. I. (2015) Phylogenetic analysis of Aphaenogaster supports the resurrection of Novomessor (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 108, 201 - 210. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / sau 013" type="journal article" year="2015">DeMarco &amp; Cognato 2015</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAC1BD9D53FFA3FBCB5D4EF8E2FBE7" author="DeMarco, B. B. &amp; Cognato, A. I." box="[199,503,1087,1112]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551" pagination="512 - 520" refId="ref20891" refString="DeMarco, B. B. &amp; Cognato, A. I. (2016) A multiple-gene phylogeny reveals polyphyly among eastern North American Aphaenogaster species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zoologica Scripta, 45, 512 - 520. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / zsc. 12168" type="journal article" year="2016">DeMarco &amp; Cognato 2016</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C351EFC79D53FFA3FB9B5D6AFD09F903" pageId="19" pageNumber="551" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF4BC4C9D53FFA3FB9B5D6AF868FB7B" blockId="19.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3FB9B5D6AF9B0FBC2" bold="true" box="[151,165,1124,1149]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">*</emphasis>
cf. 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3FBC45D6DF829FBC3" bold="true" box="[200,316,1123,1148]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">miamiana</emphasis>
Wheeler, W. M. 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3FAF55D6AFBBEFBC2" bold="true" box="[505,683,1124,1149]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">
<collectingRegion id="498F72AE9D53FFA3FAF55D6AFB49FBC2" box="[505,604,1124,1149]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">Virginia</collectingRegion>
Beach
</emphasis>
: Camp Pendleton Annex, between Regulus Rd. and Lovetts Marsh, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE7FDA8B9D53FFA3FBCB5D89F84CFB20" box="[199,345,1159,1184]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="551" precision="1" value="36.80476">36.80476° N</geoCoordinate>
, - 
<geoCoordinate id="EE7FDA8B9D53FFA3FA675D89FB16FB20" box="[363,515,1159,1184]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="551" precision="1" value="-75.9678">75.96780° W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date id="FFF59A8C9D53FFA3F9025D89FBD9FB1F" box="[526,716,1159,1184]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551" value="2008-02-13" valueMax="2008-03-19" valueMin="2008-02-13">13.ii.-19.iii.2008</date>
, AV Evans &amp; ME Dougherty leg., pitfall traps, maritime swamp forest (VMNH).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF4BC4C9D53FFA3FBCB5DC1F8A9F992" blockId="19.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">
This species is difficult to separate from other members of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C4BC7CF9D53FFA3F8845DC1FAD4FB57" box="[904,961,1231,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="551" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rudis">
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3F8845DC1FAD4FB57" box="[904,961,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">rudis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
clade (i.e., 
<taxonomicName id="4C4BC7CF9D53FFA3FF495DC1FDD8FB57" box="[1093,1229,1231,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strumigenys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="551" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carolinensis">
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3FF495DC1FDD8FB57" box="[1093,1229,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">carolinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C4BC7CF9D53FFA3FE085DC1FC2BFB57" box="[1284,1342,1231,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="551" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rudis">
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3FE085DC1FC2BFB57" box="[1284,1342,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">rudis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; but see DeMarco 2015 and 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAC1BD9D53FFA3FAC75DFAFA19FAB3" author="Mackay, W. P. &amp; Mackay, E." box="[459,780,1268,1293]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551" refId="ref22944" refString="Mackay, W. P. &amp; Mackay, E. (2017) The New World gypsy ants of the genera Aphaenogaster and Novomessor (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Lambert Academic Publishing, Mauritius, 605 pp." type="book" year="2017">Mackay &amp; Mackay 2017</bibRefCitation>
). A single worker in VMNH’s collection possesses morphological features including long, incurved propodeal spines and pronounced sculpturing on the head and especially the mesosoma unlike those of any of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C4BC7CF9D53FFA3F8315C32FA62FAEA" box="[829,887,1340,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="551" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rudis">
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3F8315C32FA62FAEA" box="[829,887,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">rudis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/ 
<taxonomicName id="4C4BC7CF9D53FFA3F8725C32FD13FAEA" box="[894,1030,1340,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strumigenys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="551" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carolinensis">
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3F8725C32FD13FAEA" box="[894,1030,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">carolinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens we have examined. In addition, the coastal swamp forest where the specimen was collected is similar to the habitats where 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3FE205C6FFC89FAC7" box="[1324,1436,1377,1400]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">miamiana</emphasis>
occurs in 
<collectingRegion id="498F72AE9D53FFA3FA365C8AF89EFA22" box="[314,395,1412,1437]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">Florida</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAC1BD9D53FFA3FA915C8AFB2FFA22" author="Deyrup, M." box="[413,570,1412,1437]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551" refId="ref20979" refString="Deyrup, M. (2016) Ants of Florida: Identification and Natural History. CRC Press, Boca Raton, 423 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1201 / 9781315368023" type="book" year="2016">Deyrup 2016</bibRefCitation>
). We have provisionally placed this specimen under 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3FF935C8BFC1AFA23" box="[1183,1295,1413,1436]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">miamiana</emphasis>
, but we are aware of the shortcomings of identifications based solely on morphology. Recently DeMarco (2015) has reported this species from 
<collectingRegion id="498F72AE9D53FFA3F90E5CC2FBA6FA5A" box="[514,691,1484,1509]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">North Carolina</collectingRegion>
; as such, this species is likely to occur in the Coastal Plain of southeastern 
<collectingRegion id="498F72AE9D53FFA3FA525CE1F8A8F9B7" box="[350,445,1519,1544]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">Virginia</collectingRegion>
. To our knowledge, the collection locality reported here represents the northernmost record of this species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF4BC4C9D53FFA3FB9B5F39FD09F903" blockId="19.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3FB9B5F39F9C1F9EF" bold="true" box="[151,212,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">picea</emphasis>
(Wheeler, W. M.). 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3FACD5F39FB2CF9EF" bold="true" box="[449,569,1591,1616]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">Alleghany</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3F9475F39FB86F9EF" bold="true" box="[587,659,1591,1616]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">Bland</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3F9AA5F39FBFFF9EF" bold="true" box="[678,746,1591,1616]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">Craig</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3F9F15F39FA54F9EF" bold="true" box="[765,833,1591,1616]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">Floyd</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3F8595F39FAD7F9EF" bold="true" box="[853,962,1591,1616]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">Fauquier</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3F8D95F39FD0CF9EF" bold="true" box="[981,1049,1591,1616]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">Floyd</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3FF215F39FD7FF9EF" bold="true" box="[1069,1130,1591,1616]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">Giles</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3FF705F39FDC6F9EF" bold="true" box="[1148,1235,1591,1616]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">Greene</emphasis>
, 
<collectingRegion id="498F72AE9D53FFA3FFEA5F39FC43F9EF" box="[1254,1366,1591,1616]" country="United Kingdom" name="Highland" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3FFEA5F39FC43F9EF" bold="true" box="[1254,1366,1591,1616]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">Highland</emphasis>
</collectingRegion>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3FE655F39FC80F9EF" bold="true" box="[1385,1429,1591,1616]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">Lee</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3FBCB5F52F83AF9CA" bold="true" box="[199,303,1628,1653]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">Madison</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3FA4D5F52F8CEF9CA" bold="true" box="[321,475,1628,1653]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">Montgomery</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3FAE15F52FB50F9CA" bold="true" box="[493,581,1628,1653]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">Patrick</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3F9545F52FBE5F9CA" bold="true" box="[600,752,1628,1653]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">Rockingham</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3F80F5F52FA82F9CA" bold="true" box="[771,919,1628,1653]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">Shenandoah</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3F8A55F52FD1BF9CA" bold="true" box="[937,1038,1628,1653]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">Tazewell</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3FF2E5F52FD62F9CA" bold="true" box="[1058,1143,1628,1653]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">Wythe,</emphasis>
(FMNH, JTLC, MMPC, RUIC, USNPS, VMNH). Literature records: 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3F9DD5F71FA1BF927" bold="true" box="[721,782,1663,1688]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">Giles</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3F8135F71FAADF927" bold="true" box="[799,952,1663,1688]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">Spotsylvania</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAC1BD9D53FFA3F8C65F71FD53F927" author="Cole, A. C. Jr." box="[970,1094,1663,1688]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551" pagination="284 - 285" refId="ref20583" refString="Cole, A. C. Jr. (1949) The ants of Mountain Lake, Virginia. Journal of the Tennessee Academy of Science, 29, 284 - 285." type="journal article" year="1949">Cole 1949</bibRefCitation>
, DeMarco 2015, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAC1BD9D53FFA3FE1E5F8EF87CF902" author="DeMarco, B. B. &amp; Cognato, A. I." pageId="19" pageNumber="551" pagination="512 - 520" refId="ref20891" refString="DeMarco, B. B. &amp; Cognato, A. I. (2016) A multiple-gene phylogeny reveals polyphyly among eastern North American Aphaenogaster species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zoologica Scripta, 45, 512 - 520. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / zsc. 12168" type="journal article" year="2016">DeMarco &amp; Cognato 2016</bibRefCitation>
), “ 
<collectingRegion id="498F72AE9D53FFA3FA845FAAF8FEF902" box="[392,491,1700,1725]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3FA845FAAF8FEF902" bold="true" box="[392,491,1700,1725]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">Virginia</emphasis>
</collectingRegion>
” (
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAC1BD9D53FFA3F90A5FAAFBFCF903" author="Guenard, B. &amp; Mccaffrey, K. A. &amp; Lucky, A. &amp; Dunn, R." box="[518,745,1700,1725]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551" pagination="1 - 36" refId="ref21845" refString="Guenard, B., Mccaffrey, K. A., Lucky, A. &amp; Dunn, R. (2012) Ants of North Carolina: an updated list (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zootaxa, 3552, 1 - 36." type="journal article" year="2012">
Guenard 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3F9635FABFBB2F902" box="[623,679,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">et al.</emphasis>
2012
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAC1BD9D53FFA3F9F85FAAFD05F903" author="Mackay, W. P. &amp; Mackay, E." box="[756,1040,1700,1725]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551" refId="ref22944" refString="Mackay, W. P. &amp; Mackay, E. (2017) The New World gypsy ants of the genera Aphaenogaster and Novomessor (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Lambert Academic Publishing, Mauritius, 605 pp." type="book" year="2017">Mackay &amp; Mackay 2017</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C351EFC79D53FFA3FB9B5FC9FAF4F862" pageId="19" pageNumber="551" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BF4BC4C9D53FFA3FB9B5FC9FBCEF82B" blockId="19.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">
<taxonomicName id="4C4BC7CF9D53FFA3FB9B5FC9FD72F95F" authority="Enzmann. Albemarle, Chesterfield, Fairfax, Giles, Louisa, Mecklenburg" authorityName="Enzmann. Albemarle, Chesterfield, Fairfax, Giles, Louisa, Mecklenburg" box="[151,1127,1735,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="551" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rudis">
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3FB9B5FC9F9C7F95F" bold="true" box="[151,210,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">rudis</emphasis>
Enzmann. 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3FA6D5FC9F8CAF95F" bold="true" box="[353,479,1735,1760]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">Albemarle</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3FAF95FC9FB92F95F" bold="true" box="[501,647,1735,1760]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">Chesterfield</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3F9925FC9FBE2F95F" bold="true" box="[670,759,1735,1760]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">Fairfax</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3F8015FC9FA5CF95F" bold="true" box="[781,841,1735,1760]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">Giles</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3F86C5FC9FAA4F95F" bold="true" box="[864,945,1735,1760]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">Louisa</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3F8CB5FC9FD72F95F" bold="true" box="[967,1127,1735,1760]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">Mecklenburg</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<collectingRegion id="498F72AE9D53FFA3FF725FC9FDCEF95F" box="[1150,1243,1735,1760]" country="United Kingdom" name="Norfolk" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3FF725FC9FDCEF95F" bold="true" box="[1150,1243,1735,1760]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">Norfolk</emphasis>
</collectingRegion>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3FFFE5FC9FC80F95F" bold="true" box="[1266,1429,1735,1760]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">Northampton</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3FBCB5FE2F86AF8BA" bold="true" box="[199,383,1772,1797]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">Prince William</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3FA9D5FE2FAF4F8BA" bold="true" box="[401,993,1772,1797]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">Rockbridge, Rockingham, Shenandoah, Stafford</emphasis>
(CAS, FMNH, JTLC, MCZ, MMPC, UAIC). Literature records: 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3F9085E01FB97F897" bold="true" box="[516,642,1807,1832]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">Albemarle</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3F99F5E01FBE2F897" bold="true" box="[659,759,1807,1832]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">Augusta</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3F8045E01FA74F897" bold="true" box="[776,865,1807,1832]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">Fairfax</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3F87E5E01FAECF897" bold="true" box="[882,1017,1807,1832]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">James City</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3FF075E01FD60F897" bold="true" box="[1035,1141,1807,1832]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">Roanoke</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3FF8A5E01FC0AF897" bold="true" box="[1158,1311,1807,1832]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">Spotsylvania</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAC1BD9D53FFA3FE3C5E01F817F8F2" author="Umphrey, G. J." pageId="19" pageNumber="551" pagination="528 - 559" refId="ref24538" refString="Umphrey, G. J. (1996) Morphometric discrimination among sibling species in the fulva - rudis - texana complex of the ant genus Aphaenogaster (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 74, 528 - 559. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / z 96 - 060" type="journal article" year="1996">Umphrey 1996</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAC1BD9D53FFA3FA015E3BF8DAF8F3" author="Wang, C. &amp; Strazanac, J. &amp; Butler, L." box="[269,463,1844,1869]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551" pagination="579 - 586" refId="ref24815" refString="Wang, C., Strazanac, J. &amp; Butler, L. (2000) Abundance, diversity, and activity of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in oakdominated mixed Appalachian forests treated with microbial pesticides. Environmental Entomology, 29, 579 - 586. https: // doi. org / 10.1603 / 0046 - 225 X- 29.3.579" type="journal article" year="2000">
Wang 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3FA595E3BF898F8F2" box="[341,397,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">et al.</emphasis>
2000
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAC1BD9D53FFA3FAD75E3AFBC4F8F3" author="Kjar, D. &amp; Barrows, E. M." box="[475,721,1844,1869]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551" pagination="26 - 37" refId="ref22313" refString="Kjar, D. &amp; Barrows, E. M. (2004) Arthropod community heterogeneity in a mid-Atlantic forest highly invaded by alien organisms. Banisteria, 23, 26 - 37." type="journal article" year="2004">Kjar &amp; Barrows 2004</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAC1BD9D53FFA3F9D15E3AFA44F8F3" author="Kjar, D. S." box="[733,849,1844,1869]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551" pagination="3 - 17" refId="ref22271" refString="Kjar, D. S. (2009) The ant community of a Riparian Forest in the Dyke Marsh Preserve, Fairfax County, Virginia, and a checklist of Mid-Atlantic Formicidae. Banisteria, 33, 3 - 17." type="journal article" year="2009">Kjar 2009</bibRefCitation>
, DeMarco 2015, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAC1BD9D53FFA3FF1F5E3BFC57F8F2" author="DeMarco, B. B. &amp; Cognato, A. I." box="[1043,1346,1844,1869]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551" pagination="512 - 520" refId="ref20891" refString="DeMarco, B. B. &amp; Cognato, A. I. (2016) A multiple-gene phylogeny reveals polyphyly among eastern North American Aphaenogaster species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zoologica Scripta, 45, 512 - 520. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / zsc. 12168" type="journal article" year="2016">DeMarco &amp; Cognato 2016</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAC1BD9D53FFA3FE415E3AF82AF8CF" author="Kjar, D. &amp; Park, Z." pageId="19" pageNumber="551" pagination="109 - 117" refId="ref22348" refString="Kjar, D. &amp; Park, Z. (2016) Increased ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) incidence and richness are associated with alien plant cover in a small mid-Atlantic riparian forest. Myrmecological News, 22, 109 - 117." type="journal article" year="2016">Kjar &amp; Park 2016</bibRefCitation>
), “ 
<collectingRegion id="498F72AE9D53FFA3FA6D5E59F8D1F8CF" box="[353,452,1879,1904]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3FA6D5E59F8D1F8CF" bold="true" box="[353,452,1879,1904]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">Virginia</emphasis>
</collectingRegion>
” (
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAC1BD9D53FFA3FAED5E56FB64F8CF" author="Emery, C." box="[481,625,1879,1904]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551" pagination="257 - 360" refId="ref21195" refString="Emery, C. (1895) Beitrage zur Kenntniss der nordamerikanischen Ameisenfauna. (Schluss.). Zoologische Jahrbucher Abteilung fur Systematik Okologie und Geographie der Tiere, 8, 257 - 360. [in German]" type="journal article" year="1895">Emery 1895</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAC1BD9D53FFA3F9725E59FA26F8CF" author="Creighton, W. S." box="[638,819,1879,1904]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551" pagination="1 - 585" refId="ref20698" refString="Creighton, W. S. (1950) The Ants of North America. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology of Harvard College, 104, 1 - 585." type="journal article" year="1950">Creighton 1950</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAC1BD9D53FFA3F84C5E56FADFF8CF" author="Gregg, R. T." box="[832,970,1879,1904]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551" refId="ref21741" refString="Gregg, R. T. (1963) The ants of Colorado with reference to their ecology, taxonomy, and geographic distribution. University of Colorado Press, Boulder, Colorado, 792 pp." type="book" year="1963">Gregg 1963</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAC1BD9D53FFA3F8DB5E59FD80F8CF" author="Peck, S. L. &amp; McQuaid, B. &amp; Campbell, C. L." box="[983,1173,1879,1904]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551" pagination="1102 - 1110" refId="ref23243" refString="Peck, S. L., McQuaid, B. &amp; Campbell, C. L. (1998) Using ant species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) as a biological indicator of agroecosystem condition. Environmental Entomology, 27, 1102 - 1110. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / ee / 27.5.1102" type="journal article" year="1998">
Peck 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3FF1A5E57FD44F8CF" box="[1046,1105,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">et al.</emphasis>
1998
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAC1BD9D53FFA3FFAE5E59FC8DF8CF" author="Revis, H. C. &amp; Waller, D. A." box="[1186,1432,1879,1904]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551" pagination="1262 - 1268" refId="ref23356" refString="Revis, H. C. &amp; Waller, D. A. (2004) Bactericidal and fungicidal activity of ant chemicals on feather parasites: an evaluation of anting behavior as a method of self-medication in songbirds, The Auk, 121, 1262 - 1268. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 4090493" type="journal article" year="2004">Revis &amp; Waller 2004</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAC1BD9D53FFA3FBCB5E72F8BDF82B" author="Guenard, B. &amp; Mccaffrey, K. A. &amp; Lucky, A. &amp; Dunn, R." box="[199,424,1916,1941]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551" pagination="1 - 36" refId="ref21845" refString="Guenard, B., Mccaffrey, K. A., Lucky, A. &amp; Dunn, R. (2012) Ants of North Carolina: an updated list (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zootaxa, 3552, 1 - 36." type="journal article" year="2012">
Guenard 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3FA225E73F873F82A" box="[302,358,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">et al.</emphasis>
2012
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAC1BD9D53FFA3FABF5E72FBDAF82B" author="Mackay, W. P. &amp; Mackay, E." box="[435,719,1916,1941]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551" refId="ref22944" refString="Mackay, W. P. &amp; Mackay, E. (2017) The New World gypsy ants of the genera Aphaenogaster and Novomessor (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Lambert Academic Publishing, Mauritius, 605 pp." type="book" year="2017">Mackay &amp; Mackay 2017</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF4BC4C9D53FFA3FBCB5EAEFAF4F862" blockId="19.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">
The only definitive 
<collectingRegion id="498F72AE9D53FFA3FAAA5EAEFB14F806" box="[422,513,1952,1977]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">Virginia</collectingRegion>
records of 
<taxonomicName id="4C4BC7CF9D53FFA3F98D5EAFFBCEF806" box="[641,731,1952,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="551" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rudis">
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D53FFA3F98D5EAFFBCEF806" box="[641,731,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="551">A. rudis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are those of 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAC1BD9D53FFA3F8625EAEFD39F806" author="Umphrey, G. J." box="[878,1068,1952,1977]" pageId="19" pageNumber="551" pagination="528 - 559" refId="ref24538" refString="Umphrey, G. J. (1996) Morphometric discrimination among sibling species in the fulva - rudis - texana complex of the ant genus Aphaenogaster (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 74, 528 - 559. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / z 96 - 060" type="journal article" year="1996">Umphrey (1996)</bibRefCitation>
, DeMarco (2015), and 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAC1BD9D53FFA3FE3E5EAFF881F862" author="DeMarco, B. B. &amp; Cognato, A. I." pageId="19" pageNumber="551" pagination="512 - 520" refId="ref20891" refString="DeMarco, B. B. &amp; Cognato, A. I. (2016) A multiple-gene phylogeny reveals polyphyly among eastern North American Aphaenogaster species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zoologica Scripta, 45, 512 - 520. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / zsc. 12168" type="journal article" year="2016">DeMarco &amp; Cognato (2016)</bibRefCitation>
which are based on genetic and morphological data.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C351EFC79D54FFA4FB9B5999FBF9FE13" pageId="20" pageNumber="552" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF4BC4C9D54FFA4FB9B5999FC89FF10" blockId="20.[151,1436,151,429]" box="[151,1436,151,176]" pageId="20" pageNumber="552">
<taxonomicName id="4C4BC7CF9D54FFA4FB9B5999F88DFF0F" authority="(Mayr)" authorityName="Mayr" baseAuthorityName="Mayr" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[151,408,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tennesseensis">
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D54FFA4FB9B5999F826FF0F" bold="true" box="[151,307,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="552">tennesseensis</emphasis>
(Mayr)
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D54FFA4FAA25999F8FDFF0F" bold="true" box="[430,488,151,176]" pageId="20" pageNumber="552">Bath</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D54FFA4F90D5999FB7CFF0F" bold="true" box="[513,617,151,176]" pageId="20" pageNumber="552">Caroline</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D54FFA4F98F5999FA07FF0F" bold="true" box="[643,786,151,176]" pageId="20" pageNumber="552">Chesapeake</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D54FFA4F8205999FA90FF0F" bold="true" box="[812,901,151,176]" pageId="20" pageNumber="552">Fairfax</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D54FFA4F8925999FAE0FF0F" bold="true" box="[926,1013,151,176]" pageId="20" pageNumber="552">Greene</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D54FFA4FF025999FD4CFF0F" bold="true" box="[1038,1113,151,176]" pageId="20" pageNumber="552">Henry</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D54FFA4FF7F5999FDCEFF0F" bold="true" box="[1139,1243,151,176]" pageId="20" pageNumber="552">Madison</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D54FFA4FFF85999FC81FF0F" bold="true" box="[1268,1428,151,176]" pageId="20" pageNumber="552">Mecklenburg</emphasis>
,
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF4BC4C9D54FFA4FBCB59B2FC89FF6B" blockId="20.[151,1436,151,429]" box="[199,1436,188,213]" pageId="20" pageNumber="552">
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D54FFA4FBCB59B2F874FF6A" bold="true" box="[199,353,188,213]" pageId="20" pageNumber="552">Montgomery</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D54FFA4FA7859B2F8D0FF6A" bold="true" box="[372,453,188,213]" pageId="20" pageNumber="552">Nelson</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D54FFA4FAD559B2FB87FF6A" bold="true" box="[473,658,188,213]" pageId="20" pageNumber="552">Prince William</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D54FFA4F9AB59B2FA2AFF6A" bold="true" box="[679,831,188,213]" pageId="20" pageNumber="552">Rockingham</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D54FFA4F85F59B2FA85FF6A" bold="true" box="[851,912,188,213]" pageId="20" pageNumber="552">Scott</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D54FFA4F8A859B2FD2DFF6A" bold="true" box="[932,1080,188,213]" pageId="20" pageNumber="552">Shenandoah</emphasis>
, 
<collectingRegion id="498F72AE9D54FFA4FF4759B2FDCFFF6A" box="[1099,1242,188,213]" country="United States of America" name="Washington" pageId="20" pageNumber="552">
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D54FFA4FF4759B2FDCFFF6A" bold="true" box="[1099,1242,188,213]" pageId="20" pageNumber="552">Washington</emphasis>
</collectingRegion>
(FMNH, JTLC,
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF4BC4C9D54FFA4FBCB59EEFC89FF47" blockId="20.[151,1436,151,429]" box="[199,1436,223,248]" pageId="20" pageNumber="552">
MMPC, RUIC, STDC, UCM, USNM, USNPS, VMNH). Literature records: 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D54FFA4FF4D59D1FDAAFF47" bold="true" box="[1089,1215,223,248]" pageId="20" pageNumber="552">Albemarle</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D54FFA4FFDC59D1FC3CFF47" bold="true" box="[1232,1321,223,248]" pageId="20" pageNumber="552">Fairfax</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D54FFA4FE3659D1FC89FF47" bold="true" box="[1338,1436,223,248]" pageId="20" pageNumber="552">Stafford</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF4BC4C9D54FFA4FBCB580AFC89FEA3" blockId="20.[151,1436,151,429]" box="[199,1436,260,285]" pageId="20" pageNumber="552">
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAC1BD9D54FFA4FBC2580AF867FEA2" author="Buckley, S. B." box="[206,370,260,285]" pageId="20" pageNumber="552" pagination="335 - 350" refId="ref20429" refString="Buckley, S. B. (1867) Descriptions of new species of North American Formicidae. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia, 6, 335 - 350." type="journal article" year="1867">Buckley 1867</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAC1BD9D54FFA4FA8C580AF8E2FEA3" author="Kjar, D. S." box="[384,503,260,285]" pageId="20" pageNumber="552" pagination="3 - 17" refId="ref22271" refString="Kjar, D. S. (2009) The ant community of a Riparian Forest in the Dyke Marsh Preserve, Fairfax County, Virginia, and a checklist of Mid-Atlantic Formicidae. Banisteria, 33, 3 - 17." type="journal article" year="2009">Kjar 2009</bibRefCitation>
, DeMarco 2015, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAC1BD9D54FFA4F9CD580BFAEDFEA2" author="DeMarco, B. B. &amp; Cognato, A. I." box="[705,1016,260,285]" pageId="20" pageNumber="552" pagination="201 - 210" refId="ref20833" refString="DeMarco, B. B. &amp; Cognato, A. I. (2015) Phylogenetic analysis of Aphaenogaster supports the resurrection of Novomessor (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 108, 201 - 210. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / sau 013" type="journal article" year="2015">DeMarco &amp; Cognato 2015</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAC1BD9D54FFA4FF0A580BFC28FEA2" author="DeMarco, B. B. &amp; Cognato, A. I." box="[1030,1341,260,285]" pageId="20" pageNumber="552" pagination="512 - 520" refId="ref20891" refString="DeMarco, B. B. &amp; Cognato, A. I. (2016) A multiple-gene phylogeny reveals polyphyly among eastern North American Aphaenogaster species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zoologica Scripta, 45, 512 - 520. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / zsc. 12168" type="journal article" year="2016">DeMarco &amp; Cognato 2016</bibRefCitation>
, Kjar &amp;
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF4BC4C9D54FFA4FBCB5829FC89FEDB" blockId="20.[151,1436,151,429]" pageId="20" pageNumber="552">
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAC1BD9D54FFA4FBCB5829F828FEFF" author="Kjar, D. &amp; Park, Z." box="[199,317,295,320]" pageId="20" pageNumber="552" pagination="109 - 117" refId="ref22348" refString="Kjar, D. &amp; Park, Z. (2016) Increased ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) incidence and richness are associated with alien plant cover in a small mid-Atlantic riparian forest. Myrmecological News, 22, 109 - 117." type="journal article" year="2016">Park 2016</bibRefCitation>
), “ 
<collectingRegion id="498F72AE9D54FFA4FA515829F8D5FEFF" box="[349,448,295,320]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="20" pageNumber="552">
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D54FFA4FA515829F8D5FEFF" bold="true" box="[349,448,295,320]" pageId="20" pageNumber="552">Virginia</emphasis>
</collectingRegion>
” (
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAC1BD9D54FFA4FAD65826FB4EFEFF" author="Mayr, G." box="[474,603,295,320]" pageId="20" pageNumber="552" pagination="419 - 464" refId="ref22984" refString="Mayr, G. (1886) Die Formiciden der Vereinigten Staaten von Nordamerika. Verhandlungen der k. k. Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 36, 419 - 464. [in German]" type="journal article" year="1886">Mayr 1886</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAC1BD9D54FFA4F96A5826FBE7FEFF" author="Emery, C." box="[614,754,295,320]" pageId="20" pageNumber="552" pagination="257 - 360" refId="ref21195" refString="Emery, C. (1895) Beitrage zur Kenntniss der nordamerikanischen Ameisenfauna. (Schluss.). Zoologische Jahrbucher Abteilung fur Systematik Okologie und Geographie der Tiere, 8, 257 - 360. [in German]" type="journal article" year="1895">Emery 1895</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAC1BD9D54FFA4F9F25829FACAFEFF" author="Guenard, B. &amp; Mccaffrey, K. A. &amp; Lucky, A. &amp; Dunn, R." box="[766,991,295,320]" pageId="20" pageNumber="552" pagination="1 - 36" refId="ref21845" refString="Guenard, B., Mccaffrey, K. A., Lucky, A. &amp; Dunn, R. (2012) Ants of North Carolina: an updated list (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zootaxa, 3552, 1 - 36." type="journal article" year="2012">
Guenard 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D54FFA4F8695827FA88FEFF" box="[869,925,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="552">et al.</emphasis>
2012
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAC1BD9D54FFA4F8E65829FC13FEFF" author="Mackay, W. P. &amp; Mackay, E." box="[1002,1286,295,320]" pageId="20" pageNumber="552" refId="ref22944" refString="Mackay, W. P. &amp; Mackay, E. (2017) The New World gypsy ants of the genera Aphaenogaster and Novomessor (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Lambert Academic Publishing, Mauritius, 605 pp." type="book" year="2017">Mackay &amp; Mackay 2017</bibRefCitation>
). 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D54FFA4FB9B5842F9F3FEDC" bold="true" box="[151,230,332,355]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="552">treatae</emphasis>
Forel. 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D54FFA4FA3A5842F89AFEDA" bold="true" box="[310,399,332,357]" pageId="20" pageNumber="552">Fairfax</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D54FFA4FA905842FB17FEDA" bold="true" box="[412,514,332,357]" pageId="20" pageNumber="552">Grayson</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D54FFA4F91D5842FB7FFEDA" bold="true" box="[529,618,332,357]" pageId="20" pageNumber="552">Halifax</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D54FFA4F97B5842FBD7FEDA" bold="true" box="[631,706,332,357]" pageId="20" pageNumber="552">Henry</emphasis>
, 
<collectingRegion id="498F72AE9D54FFA4F9DC5842FA7CFEDA" box="[720,873,332,357]" country="United Kingdom" name="Isle of Wight" pageId="20" pageNumber="552">
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D54FFA4F9DC5842FA7CFEDA" bold="true" box="[720,873,332,357]" pageId="20" pageNumber="552">Isle of Wight</emphasis>
</collectingRegion>
, 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D54FFA4F87B5842FDCDFEDA" bold="true" box="[887,1240,332,357]" pageId="20" pageNumber="552">
Mecklenburg, 
<collectingRegion id="498F72AE9D54FFA4FF295842FD9DFEDA" box="[1061,1160,332,357]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="20" pageNumber="552">Virginia</collectingRegion>
Beach
</emphasis>
(UCM, VMNH),
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF4BC4C9D54FFA4FBCB587EFC89FE37" blockId="20.[151,1436,151,429]" box="[199,1436,367,392]" pageId="20" pageNumber="552">
“ 
<collectingRegion id="498F72AE9D54FFA4FBDF5861F823FE37" box="[211,310,367,392]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="20" pageNumber="552">
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D54FFA4FBDF5861F823FE37" bold="true" box="[211,310,367,392]" pageId="20" pageNumber="552">Virginia</emphasis>
</collectingRegion>
” (INHS). Literature records: “ 
<collectingRegion id="498F72AE9D54FFA4F99D5861FBE1FE37" box="[657,756,367,392]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="20" pageNumber="552">
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D54FFA4F99D5861FBE1FE37" bold="true" box="[657,756,367,392]" pageId="20" pageNumber="552">Virginia</emphasis>
</collectingRegion>
” (
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAC1BD9D54FFA4F803587EFA9AFE37" author="Mayr, G." box="[783,911,367,392]" pageId="20" pageNumber="552" pagination="419 - 464" refId="ref22984" refString="Mayr, G. (1886) Die Formiciden der Vereinigten Staaten von Nordamerika. Verhandlungen der k. k. Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 36, 419 - 464. [in German]" type="journal article" year="1886">Mayr 1886</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAC1BD9D54FFA4F890587EFD3CFE37" author="Emery, C." box="[924,1065,367,392]" pageId="20" pageNumber="552" pagination="257 - 360" refId="ref21195" refString="Emery, C. (1895) Beitrage zur Kenntniss der nordamerikanischen Ameisenfauna. (Schluss.). Zoologische Jahrbucher Abteilung fur Systematik Okologie und Geographie der Tiere, 8, 257 - 360. [in German]" type="journal article" year="1895">Emery 1895</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAC1BD9D54FFA4FF395861FDFAFE37" author="Peck, S. L. &amp; McQuaid, B. &amp; Campbell, C. L." box="[1077,1263,367,392]" pageId="20" pageNumber="552" pagination="1102 - 1110" refId="ref23243" refString="Peck, S. L., McQuaid, B. &amp; Campbell, C. L. (1998) Using ant species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) as a biological indicator of agroecosystem condition. Environmental Entomology, 27, 1102 - 1110. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / ee / 27.5.1102" type="journal article" year="1998">
Peck 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D54FFA4FF78587FFDB9FE37" box="[1140,1196,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="552">et al.</emphasis>
1998
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAC1BD9D54FFA4FFF75861FC89FE37" author="Guenard, B. &amp; Mccaffrey, K. A. &amp; Lucky, A. &amp; Dunn, R." box="[1275,1436,367,392]" pageId="20" pageNumber="552" pagination="1 - 36" refId="ref21845" refString="Guenard, B., Mccaffrey, K. A., Lucky, A. &amp; Dunn, R. (2012) Ants of North Carolina: an updated list (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zootaxa, 3552, 1 - 36." type="journal article" year="2012">
Guenard 
<emphasis id="B93F605E9D54FFA4FE6F587FFC89FE37" box="[1379,1436,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="552">et al.</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF4BC4C9D54FFA4FBCB589AFBF9FE13" blockId="20.[151,1436,151,429]" box="[199,748,404,429]" pageId="20" pageNumber="552">
2012, DeMarco 2015, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAC1BD9D54FFA4FAC8589AFBF5FE13" author="Mackay, W. P. &amp; Mackay, E." box="[452,736,404,429]" pageId="20" pageNumber="552" refId="ref22944" refString="Mackay, W. P. &amp; Mackay, E. (2017) The New World gypsy ants of the genera Aphaenogaster and Novomessor (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Lambert Academic Publishing, Mauritius, 605 pp." type="book" year="2017">Mackay &amp; Mackay 2017</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>